Nervous System Chapter 20
The nurse is assessing CN V (trigeminal nerve) in a newly admitted client. What instruction should the nurse provide to the client during this phase of assessment? -"Clench your teeth together tightly." -"Close your left eye and look at me with your right." -"Look straight at me while I shine this light in your eye." -"Open your mouth wide and say 'ah.'"
"Clench your teeth together tightly." -To test CN V motor function, ask the client to clench the teeth while you palpate the temporal and masseter muscles for contraction. -Assessment of the trigeminal nerve does not involve examining the uvula or eyes.
The brain is a network of interconnecting neurons that control and integrate the body's activities. What components make up these neurons? Select all that apply. -Cell body -Axon -Dendrite -Cortex -Gyrus
-Cell body -Axon -Dendrite -Each neuron contains a cell body, which serves as the control center; smaller receiving fibers called dendrites; and a connecting long fiber called an axon. -Axons are white because they are covered with a myelin sheath that speeds up impulse conduction. -Cell bodies are on the outside of the brain (gray matter or cerebral cortex), while axons that connect to other parts of the nervous system are directed toward the center of the brain.
What important questions guide the approach to physical assessment of the nervous system? (Select all that apply.) -Where does the lesion lie? -Is the central nervous system intact? -Is the mental status intact? -Is the peripheral nervous system intact? -Are right-sided and left-sided examination findings symmetric?
-Where does the lesion lie? -Is the mental status intact? -Are right-sided and left-sided examination findings symmetric? -Let three important questions guide the approach to physical assessment of the nervous system: 1. Is the mental status intact? 2. Are right-sided and left-sided examination findings symmetric? 3. If the findings are asymmetric or otherwise abnormal, does the lesion lie in the central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, or in the peripheral nervous system, consisting of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and the spinal and peripheral nerves?
The nurse is doing a neurologic screening examination. The nurse should include some aspect of which areas? Select all that apply. -sensory system -motor system -mental status -cardiovascular system -cranial nerves -reflexes
1. mental status 2. cranial nerves 3. motor system 4. sensory system 5. reflexes A complete neurologic examination consists of evaluating the following five areas: mental status, cranial nerves, motor and cerebellar systems, sensory system, and reflexes.
When evaluating a client's risk for cerebrovascular accident, which client would the nurse identify as being at highest risk? -42-year-old Caucasian woman who smokes -68-year-old African American with hypertension -55-year-old Caucasian male who has a two beers a week -35-year-old African American who has sleep apnea
68-year-old African American with hypertension -Risk factors include older adulthood (risk doubling each decade after age 55), male sex, African American race, hypertension, smoking, chronic alcohol intake (more than 3 drinks per day), and sleep apnea. -In the clients listed, the 68-year-old African American male with hypertension has the greatest risk due to his age, race, and hypertension. -The other clients would be at risk but the risk would be less.
The nurse lightly strokes the sides of a client's abdomen, above and below the umbilicus. For which reflex is the nurse testing? -Babinski -Abdominal -Cremasteric -Ankle clonus
Abdominal -Abdominal reflexes are assessed by lightly stroking the abdomen on each side, above and below the umbilicus. -This evaluates the function of the spinal levels T8-T10 with the upper abdominal reflex and spinal levels T10-T12 with the lower abdominal reflex. -The sole of the foot is stroked to assess for the presence of the Babinski reflex. -The inner thigh is stroked when assessing the cremasteric reflex in a male client. -The ankle is dorsiflexed when assessing for ankle clonus.
What should the nurse assess to test the function of the occipital lobe? -Impulses from the ear -Communication -Tactile sensation -Ability to read
Ability to read -To assess the function of the occipital lobe, the nurse should test the ability to read. -To assess the function of the parietal lobe, the nurse should test for tactile sensation. The function of the temporal lobe is assessed by testing for impulses from the ear. -Assessment of the frontal lobe is done by testing the client's communication.
A 7-year-old boy is performing poorly in school. His teacher is frustrated because he is frequently seen "staring off into space" and not paying attention. If this is a seizure, it most likely represents which type? -Pseudoseizure -Tonic-clonic -Absence -Myoclonus
Absence -This is a common description and scenario for absence seizures, which are generally brief (fewer than 10 seconds, "petit mal"). They generally occur without warning and do not have a post-ictal confused state. -Pseudoseizures are difficult to diagnose but generally involve dramatic-appearing movements, similar to tonic-clonic seizures. -Myoclonus represents a single brief jerk of the trunk and limbs.
Which of the following is usually the first sign of neurological deterioration? -Altered mentation and decreasing level of consciousness -Dilating pupil -No response to painful stimulation -Posturing
Altered mentation and decreasing level of consciousness -Altered mentation and decreasing level of consciousness are usually the first signs of neurological deterioration. -Nurses should be alert to even subtle changes in the client's behavior and level of responsiveness. -With unilateral herniation, an ipsilateral (same-sided) dilating pupil, at first sluggishly reactive, may signify neurological worsening. As herniation progresses, which it may do rapidly, response only to pain, contralateral (opposite-sided) posturing of extremities, and brainstem abnormalities may be noticeable. With bilateral herniation, pupil change and reflex posturing are on both sides.
On assessment of a client, the nurse finds that the client has difficulty in producing and understanding language. How should the nurse document this finding in the client's record? -Dysarthria -Dysphonia -Aphasia -Apraxia
Aphasia -The nurse should document difficulty in producing and understanding language as aphasia. -Dysarthria is the defect in muscular control of speech caused by lesions of the nervous system, Parkinson's disease, or cerebral disease. -Dysphonia is the voice volume disorder caused by laryngeal disorder or impairment of cranial nerve X. -Speech apraxia also known as dyspraxia, is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently.
A nurse is testing a client's corneal reflex but notices that the reflex appears to be reduced. The client is otherwise alert and oriented with no signs of neurological degeneration. What is an appropriate action by the nurse? -Ask the client about the presence of a contact lens -Touch the cornea with a small piece of cotton -Allow the client to blink a few times then repeat test -Rinse the eye then attempt the test again
Ask the client about the presence of a contact lens -The corneal reflex test is done to assess the sensory portion of cranial nerve V (facial). -If the client has an intact nervous system, the nurse should ask about the presence of a contact lens because they can cause the reflex to be absent or reduced. -Touching the cornea with a small piece of cotton is how the test is performed. -Blinking or rinsing the eyes are not appropriate actions.
The nurse has completed a Glasgow Coma Scale assessment and assigns the client a score of three. Which is the best way for the nurse to assess pain in this client? -Use a verbal 0-10 rating scale. -Utilize the FACES scale. -Assess for nonverbal signs. -Clients assigned this low score are pain free.
Assess for nonverbal signs. -The GCS is a tool for assessing a client's response to stimuli. ---Scores range from 3 (deep coma) to 15 (normal). --Eye opening response: (4) Spontaneous 4 To voice 3 To pain 2 None 1 --Best verbal response: (5) Oriented 5 Confused 4 Inappropriate words 3 Incomprehensible sounds 2 None 1 --Best motor response: (6) Obeys command 6 Localizes pain 5 Withdraws 4 Flexion 3 Extension 2 None 1 Total 3-15. -A score of three indicates deep coma; therefore, the client is unable to verbalize pain level on numerical scale or FACES scale. A client in a coma can still experience pain.
A nurse is preparing to assess a client's cerebellar function. What aspect of neurological function should the nurse address? -Remote memory -Sensation -Mental status exam -Balance
Balance -Balance and coordination are functions of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts of the motor and cerebellar systems. -Remote memory and mental status exam provide information about the client's cognitive ability. Testing for sensation would address issues with specific cranial nerves or problems involving the parietal lobe.
The nurse has positioned a client supine and asked her to perform the heel-to-shin test. An inability to run each heel smoothly down each shin should prompt the nurse to perform further assessment in what domain? -Balance and coordination -Light touch sensation -Deep tendon reflexes -Leg strength
Balance and coordination -Deviation of the heel to one side or the other during the heel-to-shin test may be seen in cerebellar disease. -As such, further assessment of balance and coordination is likely indicated. -This assessment finding is not suggestive of deficits in reflexes, sensation, or strength.
A nurse cares for a client who suffered a cerebrovascular accident and demonstrates the inability to speak clearly. The nurse recognizes that injury has occurred to what portion of the brain? -Temporal lobe -Occipital lobe -Broca's area -Medulla oblongata
Broca's area -The Broca's area is the center that is responsible for speech. -The temporal lobe helps with receiving and interpreting impulses from the ear. -The occipital lobe influences the ability to read with understanding and is the primary visual receptor center. -The medulla oblongata contains the nuclei for the cranial nerves and has centers that control and regulate respiratory function, heart rate and force, and blood pressure.
During the health history a client reports a decrease in his ability to smell. During the physical assessment, the nurse would make sure to assess which cranial nerve? -CN I -CN II -CN VII -CN IX
CN I -CN I (olfactory) would be evaluated to determine if the client was experiencing a problem here related to his report of a decrease in smell. -Evaluation of CN II (optic) would be indicated if the client reported changes in vision. -Evaluation of CN VII (facial) or IX (hypoglossal) would be indicated if the client reported a decrease in his ability to taste.
During the Romberg test, a client is unable to stand with his feet together and demonstrates a wide-based, staggering, unsteady gait. The nurse would identify this as which of the following? -Spastic hemiparesis -Parkinsonian gait -Scissors gait -Cerebellar ataxia
Cerebellar ataxia -A wide-based, staggering, unsteady gait and positive Romberg test (client unable to stand with feet together) suggest cerebellar ataxia. -Spastic hemiparesis is characterized by a flexed arm held close to the body while the client drags the toes of the leg or circles it stiffly outward and forward. -A Parkinsonian gait is a shuffling gait. -A scissors gait is a short stiff gait with the thighs overlapping each other with each step.
The husband of a 65-year-old female tells the nurse, "My wife is having trouble navigating the steps in our home and needs my help to step down off a curb." What part of the nervous system should the nurse assess for a potential source of the problem? -Cerebellum -Temporal lobe -Cranial nerves -Deep tendon reflexes
Cerebellum -The cerebellum's primary functions include coordination and smoothing of voluntary movements, maintenance of equilibrium, and maintenance of muscle tone. -The temporal lobe is part of the cerebrum and helps with receiving and interpreting impulses from the ear. -The cranial nerves evolve from the brain or brain stem and transmit motor or sensory messages. -Deep tendon reflexes are part of the sensory pathway of the spinal cord, which relay an impulse to the motor nerve and then to the muscles.
What should the nurse assess to test the function of the frontal lobe? -Impulses from the ear -Communication -Tactile sensation -Ability to read
Communication -Assessment of the frontal lobe is done by testing the client's communication. -To assess the function of the parietal lobe, the nurse should test for tactile sensation. -The function of the temporal lobe is assessed by testing for impulses from the ear. -To assess the function of the occipital lobe, the nurse should test the ability to read.
A client has sustained an injury to the cerebellum. Which area would be the primary area for assessment? -Vital signs -Neurologic system -Cardiac function -Coordination
Coordination The cerebellum's primary functions include: 1. Coordination and smoothing of voluntary movements 2. Maintenance of equilibrium 3. Maintenance of muscle tone -Therefore, a priority assessment area would be coordination.
When assessing deep tendon reflexes in an elderly client what finding would the nurse anticipate? -Normal reaction time -Increased reaction time -Decreased reaction time -Absent
Decreased reaction time
The nurse is caring for a client in the hospital and identifies the client to be experiencing acute confusion after cardiac surgery. The nurse recognizes this as what? -Delirium -Hypoxia -Dementia -Amnesia
Delirium -Delirium in an acute onset of confusion related to an underlying cause such as medication, disease or traumatic event. -Dementia occurs over a time, amnesia is a loss of memory and hypoxia may be a cause of delirium.
What would the nurse most likely find when assessing a client diagnosed with a frontal lobe contusion following a motor vehicle accident? -Inability to hear high-pitched sounds -Loss of tactile sensation -Difficulty speaking -Blurred vision
Difficulty speaking -The frontal lobe contains Broca's area, which is responsible for speech. Injury to this area may lead to difficulty speaking. -Difficulty with sounds would be associated with the temporal lobe. -Loss of tactile sensation would be associated with the parietal lobe. -Blurred vision would be associated with the occipital lobe.
The nurse performs a neurological assessment and determines the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 15. What is the nurse's best action? -Notify the healthcare provider. -Re-assess in 15 minutes. -Document the findings. -Ask the client to open eyes on command.
Document the findings. -A GCS score of 15 is the maximum score indicating the client's neurological status is normal. -Therefore, the nurse should document the findings. This information makes all the remaining options incorrect.
A 48-year-old grocery store manager comes to the clinic complaining of her head being "stuck" to one side. She says that today she was doing her normal routine when it suddenly felt like her head was being moved to her left and then it just stuck that way. She says it is somewhat painful because she cannot move it back to a normal position. She denies any recent neck trauma. Her past medical history consists of type 2 diabetes and gastroparesis (slow-moving peristalsis in the digestive tract, seen in diabetes). She is taking oral medication for each. She is married with three children. She denies tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. Her father has diabetes and her mother passed away from breast cancer. Her children are healthy. Examination reveals a slightly overweight Hispanic woman appearing her stated age. Her head is twisted grotesquely to her left; otherwise, her examination is normal. What form of involuntary movement does she have? -Chorea -Asbestosis -Tic -Dystonia
Dystonia -Dystonia involves large movements of the body, such as the head or trunk, leading to grotesque twisted postures. -Some medications (such as one often used for gastroparesis) can cause dystonia.
When testing the biceps reflex, what type of response should the nurse expect if normal? -Forearm flexes and supinates -Elbow extends and muscle contracts -Elbow flexes and muscle contracts -Forearm adducts and wrist rotates
Elbow flexes and muscle contracts -To elicit the biceps reflex, the nurse should ask the client to partially bend the arm at elbow with palm up. The nurse places the thumb over the biceps and strikes the thumb with the reflex hammer. -The normal finding with this reflex is the elbow flexes and contraction of the biceps muscle occurs. -When assessing the brachioradialis reflex, the normal finding is flexion and supination of the forearm. -The other two are not findings elicited with upper extremity reflexes.
When preparing to test a client for meningeal irritation, what would the nurse to do first? -Check for a Babinski reflex -Position the client prone -Check for evidence of fever and chills -Ensure no injury to the cervical spine
Ensure no injury to the cervical spine -Before testing a client for meningeal irritation, the nurse needs to ensure that there is no injury to cervical vertebrae or the cervical cord. -Otherwise further injury could occur because testing involves flexing the neck. -It is not necessary to check for fever or chills or a Babinski reflex. -The client is positioned supine for these tests.
A client who was injured by a fall at a construction site has been admitted to the hospital. He has suffered nerve damage such that his gag reflex is no longer intact, requiring him to receive intravenous total parenteral nutrition. Which nerve should the nurse suspect to be involved in this client's injury? -Vagus (X) -Spinal accessory (XI) -Glossopharyngeal (IX) -Hypoglossal (XII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX) -The glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) contains sensory fibers for taste on posterior third of tongue and sensory fibers of the pharynx that result in the "gag reflex" when stimulated. -The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) carries sensations from the throat, larynx, heart, lungs, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, and abdominal viscera and promotes swallowing, talking, and production of digestive juices. -The spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) innervates neck muscles (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius) that promote movement of the shoulders and head rotation and promotes some movement of the larynx. -The hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) innervates tongue muscles that promote the movement of food and talking.
The nurse is preparing to assess balance in an older adult client. Which test would the nurse plan on possibly omitting from the exam? -Romberg -Tandem walking -Gait -Hop on one foot
Hop on one foot -Hopping on one foot is often impossible for the older adult because of decreased flexibility and strength and may place the client at risk. -The nurse needs to ensure the client's safety by standing close by, especially with tandem walking and Romberg's testing because some older clients may have difficulty with maintaining balance. However, these tests would not be omitted. -Older clients may have a slow uncertain gait. Testing the client's gate would not be omitted.
A nurse assesses a client for pupillary response of the eyes and finds a unilateral dilated pupil that is unresponsive to light or accommodation. The nurse recognizes that which cranial nerve is responsible for the damage of pupillary response? -I -III -V -II
III -Cranial nerve III is responsible for the damage to pupillary response. -Cranial nerve I disorders cause damage to sense of smell. -Cranial nerve V is responsible for the function of masseter muscle contraction. -Cranial nerve II disorders damage vision due to retinal detachment or due to a lesion in the nerve.
What should the nurse assess to test the function of the temporal lobe? -Impulses from the ear -Communication -Tactile sensation -Ability to read
Impulses from the ear -The function of the temporal lobe is assessed by testing for impulses from the ear. -To assess the function of the parietal lobe, the nurse should test for tactile sensation. -Assessment of the frontal lobe is done by testing the client's communication. -To assess the function of the occipital lobe, the nurse should test the ability to read.
A client reports that she is experiencing a tremor when she reaches for things. This worsens as she nears the "target." When the examiner asks the client to hold out her hands, no tremor is apparent. What type does this most likely represent? -Intention -Postural -Resting -Nervous
Intention -Because it worsens as the target is approached, this represents an "intention" tremor. -In this client, one may suspect cerebellar pathway disease, possibly from multiple sclerosis (one could also look for an intranuclear ophthalmoplegia). -A postural tremor occurs when a certain position is maintained; resting tremors occur can occur with diseases such as Parkinson's. These do not occur during sleep.
A 37-year-old insurance agent comes to the office with a report of trembling hands. She says that for the past 3 months when she tries to use her hands to fix her hair or cook they shake badly. She says she doesn't feel particularly nervous when this occurs, but she worries that other people will think she has an anxiety or alcohol disorder. She admits to having some recent fatigue, trouble with vision, and difficulty maintaining bladder control. Her past medical history is remarkable for hypothyroidism. Her mother has lupus and her father is healthy. She has an older brother with type 1 diabetes. She is married with three children. She denies tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. On examination, when she tries to reach for a pencil to fill out the health form, she has obvious tremors in her dominant hand. What type of tremor is most likely? -Resting tremor -Postural tremor -Intention tremor
Intention tremor -Intention tremors are absent at rest or in a postural position and only occur with intentional movement of the hands. -This is seen in cerebellar disease (stroke or alcohol use) or in multiple sclerosis. -This client's tremor, fatigue, bladder problems, and visual problems suggest multiple sclerosis.
What is the level of the spinal cord associated with the knee (patellar) deep tendon reflex? -S1 -L2 to L4 -T9 and T10 -T11 and T12
L2 to L4 The spinal segments associated with the knee reflex are L2, L3, and L4.
A client makes this movement when the nurse assesses for the plantar response. What should this movement indicate to the nurse? -Lesion of the corticospinal tract -Pain in the foot and toes -An expected response -Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
Lesion of the corticospinal tract -Dorsiflexion of the big toe and fanning of the other toes, is a "present" Babinski response, arising from a CNS lesion affecting the corticospinal tract. -An expected response is plantar flexion with the toes curving down and inward. -This movement does not indicate the presence of pain or hyperactive deep tendon reflexes.
What task should a nurse ask a client to perform to assess the function of cranial nerve XII? -Shrug shoulders against resistance -Move the tongue from side to side -Swallow water -Water in heel-to-toe fashion
Move the tongue from side to side -Asking the client to move the tongue from side to side assesses function of the hypoglossal nerve, cranial nerve XII. -The function of cranial nerve XI can be assessed by asking the client to shrug the shoulders against resistance. -The nurse asks the client to swallow water to assess the function of cranial nerves IX and X. -Asking the client to walk in heel-to-toe fashion helps in assessment of balance.
What task should a nurse ask a client to perform to assess the function of cranial nerve XII? -Shrug shoulders against resistance -Move the tongue from side to side -Water in heel-to-toe fashion -Swallow water
Move the tongue from side to side -Asking the client to move the tongue from side to side assesses function of the hypoglossal nerve, cranial nerve XII. -The function of cranial nerve XI can be assessed by asking the client to shrug the shoulders against resistance. -The nurse asks the client to swallow water to assess the function of cranial nerves IX and X. -Asking the client to walk in heel-to-toe fashion helps in assessment of balance.
When testing sensory function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which of the following sensations would the nurse assess? -Pain and light touch -Dull touch and vibration -Vibration and stereognosis -Proprioception and extinction
Pain and light touch The sensory aspects of CN V are assessed for by testing pain sensation (confirmed by temperature sensation) and light touch.
A 41-year-old real estate agent comes to the office saying that he feels like his face is paralyzed on the left. He states that last week he felt his left eyelid was drowsy; as the day progressed he could not close his eyelid all the way. Later he felt like his smile became affected also. He denies any recent injuries but had an upper respiratory viral infection last month. Past medical history is unremarkable. He is divorced with one child. He smokes one pack of cigarettes a day, occasionally drinks alcohol, and denies any illegal drug use. His mother has high blood pressure and his father has sarcoidosis. On examination the nurse asks the client to close his eyes. He cannot close his left eye. The nurse asks him to open his eyes and raise his eyebrows. His right forehead furrows but his left remains flat. The nurse then asks the client to give a big smile. The right corner of his mouth raises but the left side of his mouth remains the same. What type of facial paralysis does he have? -Peripheral CN VII paralysis -Central CN VII paralysis
Peripheral CN VII paralysis -A peripheral lesion will involve the entire side of the face. -This causes the inability to close the eye, raise the eyebrow, wrinkle the forehead, and smile on the affected side. -Bell's palsy is an example of this type of paralysis.
The emergency department nurse's rapid assessment of a young adult client admitted unresponsive reveals fixed, constricted pupils bilaterally. The nurse should consider what possible cause for this assessment finding? -Recent narcotic use -Hemorrhagic stroke -Recent seizure activity -Cerebellar lesion
Recent narcotic use Narcotics can cause fixed, constricted pupils. This abnormal finding is not typically associated with stroke, seizures, or cerebellar lesions.
Where do the cell bodies of the lower motor neurons lie? -Anterior roots -Neuromuscular junction -Motor strip -Spinal cord
Spinal cord Lower motor neurons have cell bodies in the spinal cord, termed anterior horn cells; their axons transmit impulses through the anterior roots and spinal nerves into peripheral nerves, terminating at the neuromuscular junction.
The nurse documents "Romberg test positive" on a client's medical record. What did the nurse most likely assess in this client? -Swaying -Unsteady gait -Weak hand grasps -Poor brachial reflex
Swaying -A positive Romberg test is when the client sways and moves the feet apart to prevent falling. -The Romberg test is not used to assess gait, hand grasps, or the brachial reflex.
The nurse is performing the Romberg test as part of a client's focused neurological assessment. What finding would constitute a positive Romberg test? -The client moves her feet apart to prevent herself from falling. -The client is unable to consistently touch her finger to her nose while her eyes are close. -The client experiences pain during neck flexion and extension. -The client experiences pain when clenching her teeth.
The client moves her feet apart to prevent herself from falling. -The Romberg test assesses balance; swaying or repositioning during the test constitutes positive findings. -The Romberg test does not address pain during neck flexion or teeth clenching. -It does not require the client to touch the nose with a finger.
The nurse performs the action shown when assessing a client. Which cranial nerve is the nurse assessing in this client? -III -IV -II -V
V -Assessing for corneal reflex tests the sensory function of cranial nerve V. -Cranial nerve II is assessed by using the Snellen chart. -Cranial nerves III and IV are assessed with the use of extraocular movements and pupil response to light and accommodation.
Which assessment procedure should a nurse institute to test a client for stereognosis? -Use a blunt instrument to write a number in the client's hand and ask them to identify it -With eyes closed, move the client's finger up or down and ask the direction -With eyes closed, ask the client to identify a familiar object that is placed in their hand -Ask the client to identify the number of points touched with two ends of an applicator
With eyes closed, ask the client to identify a familiar object that is placed in their hand -To test a client for stereognosis, with the eyes closed, the nurse should ask the client to identify a familiar object that is placed in their hand. -To test graphesthesia, the nurse should use a blunt instrument to write a number in the client's hand and ask them to identify it. -When testing sensitivity to position, the nurse should ask the client to close their eyes then move the finger up or down and ask the direction it is moved. -Asking the client to identify the number of points touched with two ends of an applicator at the same time is two-point discrimination.
The cranial nerve that has sensory fibers for taste and fibers that result in the "gag reflex" is the -vagus. -hypoglossal. -trigeminal. -glossopharyngeal.
glossopharyngeal. The glossopharyngeal nerve contains sensory fibers for taste on posterior third of tongue and sensory fibers of the pharynx that result in the gag reflex when stimulated.
The portion of the brain that rims the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres forming the cerebral cortex is the -gray matter. -cerebellum. -diencephalon. -brainstem.
gray matter. -The lobes are composed of a substance known as gray matter, which mediates higher-level functions such as memory, perception, communication, and initiation of voluntary movements. -Consisting of aggregations of neuronal cell bodies, gray matter rims the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, forming the cerebral cortex.
A client is in the emergency room with what could be a lumbar injury. Which deep tendon reflex would be most appropriate to test? -patellar -ankle -supinator -triceps
patellar
The Glasgow Coma Scale measures the level of consciousness in clients who are at high risk for rapid deterioration of the nervous system. A score of 13 indicates -deep coma. -severe impairment. -no verbal response. -some impairment.
some impairment. -The points associated with the Glasgow Coma Scale are determined to assess levels of consciousness and coma. -Points are allotted for each of the 3 areas: eye opening, verbal response and motor responses. -A score of 13 indicates some impairment.
