Networking, Chapter 1

Global Account

Also called global username or network ID, which is assigned by the network administrator and is kept in Active Directory.

What are all the layers in the OSI model?

Application layer, Presentation layer, Session Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data Link Layer, and Physical Layer.

Network Port

Can be on board network port embedded in the computer's motherboard, or by a network interface card (also known as a network adapter)

How are Client-Server Networks and NOS related?

Client-server network models are all managed by NOS.

What is meant when it said that Voice and Video transmissions are delay-sensitive?

Delay-sensitive means you don't want to hear breaks in your conversation or see a buffering message when you watch a movie over the Internet.

Session Layer (L7PDU)

Describes how data between applications is synced and recovered if messages don't arrive intact at the receiving application.

What is FTP? What does it do? What Protocol?

File Transfer Protocol, exchanges files between two computers. Uses File Transfer Protocol.

What are some of the main protocols or languages found in Web Servers?

Http, Https

What is loss-tolerance when regarding networking?

Instances in which occasional loss of data (skipping video frames) can be tolerated.

What is the ISO?

International Organization for Standardization

Client-server application

Involves two computers. The client computer, which requests data or a service from the second computer. The second computer is the server. Example: Someone uses Chrome, (the client application), to go to quizlet.com, (the server. more specifically the web server) as the server, quizlet.com sends information to the Client in the form of a webpage.

demarcation point (demarc)

Is the device that marks where a telecommunications service provider's network ends and the organization's network begins.

What is NOS responsible for in a Client-server network?

Managing data and other resources for a number of clients Ensuring that only authorized users access the network controlling which types of files a user can open and read Restricting when and from where users can access the network Dictating which rules computers will use to communicate Supplying applications and data files to clients

What does the acronym NOS stand for, when regarding networking?

Network Operating System.

What is an OSI?

Open Systems Interconnection reference model.

Which email protocol allows an email client to download email messages to the local computer?

POP3 Post office protocol version 3

What is Peer-to-Peer Network Model?

Peer-to-peer (P2P) network model means that the operating system of each computer on the network is responsible for controlling access to its resources without centralized control. Recommended for networks with fewer than 15 computers.

What is QoS?

Quality of Service that a network provides for voice and video.

Presentation Layer (L7PDU)

Re-formats, compresses, and encrypts data in a way that the application on the receiving end can read. (for example, an e-mail you are trying to send, the presentation layer converts the email into code that the email application or OS can read.

What are some of the main protocols or languages found in Email services?

SMTP POP3, and IMAP4.

What are some advantages of peer-to-peer networks?

Simple to configure Less expensive to set up and maintain

Which email protocol allows an email client to read mail stored on the mail server?

IMAP4 Internet Message Access Protocol 4

What is RTP?

RTP is Real-time Transport Protocol

What is a backbone when regarding networks?

A backbone is a centeral conduit that connects the segments of a network.

What is the difference between a host and a node?

A host is any computer on a network that hosts a resource such as an application or data. A node is any computer or device on a network that can be addressed on the local network. A client computer or server is both a node and a host, but a router or switch does not normally host resources and is thus merely a node on the network.

What does a router do? How does it work in a LAN?

A router is a device that manages traffic between two or more networks and help find the best path for traffic to get from one network to another, and at the consumer grade, to connect the LAN to the internet.

Active Directory (AD)

The centralized directory database that contains user account information and security for the entire group of computers in a network. Allows a user to sign on to the network from any network connected computer and get access to their account, settings, and personal data. As well as grant privileges that are allowed by the Active Directory to that account.

What is the smallest network?

The smallest network is a PAN (personal area network), such as when you sync your cell phone and your computer.

What are some key benefits/advantages of Client-Server networks, that are not present for peer-to-peer networks?

Users accounts and passwords to the network are assigned in one place Access to multiple shared resources (data files or printers) can be granted to a single users or a group of users. Problems on the network can e monitored, diagnosed, and often fixed from one location They are more scalable (easier to add more computers) than it is for peer-to-peer networks.

How can resources be shared in a peer-to-peer network?

Using Windows folder and file sharing, each computer maintains a list of users and their rights on that particular PC, based on their rights. Using a homegroup, each computer shares files, folders, libraries, and printers with other computers in the homegroup. Use a combination of folder and file sharing and homegroups on the same network. (Not a recommended method)

What is convergence when regarding networking?

Using the same network to deliver multiple types of communications services, such as video, voice, and fax.

VTC allows what?

Video teleconference (VTC) application allows people to communicate in video and voice, using the point-to-point model.

What is VoIP? What does it do?

VoIP (Voice over IP) allows two or more people to have voice conversations over a network. examples are google hangouts and skype.

What kind of network model does VoIP use?

Voip uses a point-to-point model, rather than a client-server model, meaning that while they broadcasting to each other, they can still access other content on their computer as they are receiving it. IF multiple computers are involved (ie conference call) it is a point-to-multipoint model.

What are some examples of Client-server applications?

Web services, email services, FTP services, Telenet services, Remote Desktop, remote applications, file and print services, and communication services (audio and video streaming)

What two protocols CAN be layered on HTTP to make it HTTPS?

When HTTP is layered on top of an encryption protocol, it usually means they are using protocol SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security).

Domain

When Windows Server controls network access to a group of computers, this is a domain.

What is a bus topology?

When several switches are chained together in a single line.

What is an example of a multicast distribution?

When you watch live sports event on your computer, the application (perhaps livestream Youtube) is using a client-server model, with one server and many clients. This is a session layer protocol that is specifically designed to transmit audio video and that works in conjunction with VoIP.

What are some examples of operating systems that might be installed on computers in a peer-to-peer network?

Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Linux, and Mac OS X for desktops and laptops. For mobile devices iOS, Android, and Blackberry.

What are some examples of NOS?

Windows Server 2012 R2, Ubuntu Server, Red Hat Linux.

What kind of Network do you need to connect two LANs?

You need a WAN to connect two LANs.

What is a WAN?

A group of LANs spread over a wide geographical area, also known as a Wide Area Network.

What is a node?

A node is a computer or host on the network that are a part of a logical group of computers and users that share resources.

What is a star topology? Is it physical or logical?

A star topology is a network layout in which all devices are connected to one central device such as a switch. It is a physical topology.

What is the main difference between a switch and a router?

A switch belongs to only its local network. A router belongs to two or more local networks, the router allows for a host on one LAN to communicate with a host on another LAN.

Client-Server Network Model

Sometimes called the client-server architecture or client-server topology Are managed by NOS Can be managed by one or more servers, as long as NOS is similar Clients on this model can run applications installed on the desktop and store their own data on local storage devices Access is controlled by entries in the centralized domain database The two primary protocols that most OS use for communication on a network is TCP and IP

Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)

The Active Directory service that manages the process that allows a user to sign on to a network from any computer on the network and get access to the resources that Active Directory allows.

What is Bandwidth?

The amount of traffic or data transmission activity on a network.

What is unified communications (UC)?

The centralized management of multiple types of network-based communications, such as voice, video, fax, and messaging services.

What is the difference between Remote Desktop application and Telnet?

The difference between Telnet and Remote Desktop, is that Telnet is NOT secure. Remote Desktop utilizes the RDP to maintain security.

What is the largest WAN in the world?

The internet.

What is the purpose of a Switch in a Local Area Network?

The switch receives incoming data from of the hosts or nodes, and redirects or switches it to another port or multiple ports to the destination computer.

What are some disadvantages to peer-to-peer networks?

They are not scalable They are not necessarily secure They are not practical for connecting more than a few computers because it becomes too time consuming to manage the resources on the network.

What is a group of connected LANs in the SAME geographical location?

This is known as a MAN (metropolitan area network) or CAN (campus area network).

What is it called, when switches are connected to each other as well as to other computers in a star topology?

This is known as a star-bus topology.

Application Layer (L7PDU)

This layer includes: Application programs that provide services to a user, such as a web browser and Web Server. Utility programs; that gather information about network traffic and can alert network administrators about adverse conditions that need attention. Protocols used here are: HTTP, SNMP (Simple Networ Management Protocol)

What is topology? Types?

Topology describes how the parts of a whole work together. The two types are Physical topology (hardware and cables forming the physical network) and Logical topology, (software that allows the network to be accessed, including how users and programs initially gain access to the network and how specific resources, such as applications and databases, are shared on a network)

What is it called when a topology combines topologies?

hybrid topology.

Servers that have a NOS installed require more of what resources?

memory, processing power, storage capacity, so that it can handle heavy processing loads and request from multiple clients. This may include a version of RAID.