Neuro NCLEX quiz

The family of a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) asks if the diagnosis has been confirmed. How would the nurse respond? - "This type of dementia can never be confirmed." - "A blood test was taken that confirmed the diagnosis." - "Confirmation occurs by examining brain tissue after death." - The response to medications is used to confirm the diagnosis."

"Confirmation occurs by examining brain tissue after death."

A student nurse asks the registered nurse about risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Which response by the nurse is accurate? - "Long-term illegal drug abuse always leads to AD." - "Low cholesterol levels can make the dementia worse." - "Malnutrition can increase a person's changes of getting the disease." - "Diabetes greatly increases a person's chances of developing AD."

"Diabetes greatly increases a person's chances of developing AD."

Which interventions would help to promote mental health in a group of patients who have a high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease? Select all that apply - Learn new skills - Exercise regularly - Solve crossword puzzles - Consume alcohol in moderation - Avoid crowds and social gatherings

- Learn new skills - Exercise regularly - Solve crossword puzzles

Which nursing interventions would be included in the plan of care for a patient who becomes agitated in the evening? Select all that apply. - Limiting caffeine intake - Creating a calm environment - Isolating the patient to minimize stimuli - Consulting with the health care provider - Allowing the patient to sleep for long hours.

- Limiting caffeine intake - Creating a calm environment - Consulting with the health care provider

Which distraction activity would the nurse provide for an adult patient who is diagnosed with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD)? - Looking at family photos - Looking at dangling ribbons - Playing a board game appropriate for a school-age child - Participating in an activity appropriate for the preschool-age child

- Looking at family photos

Which symptoms are found in a patient with Alzheimer's disease that indicates memory loss rather than normal forgetfulness? Select all that apply. - Loses sense of time - Jokes about memory loss - Forgets what an item is used for - Little awareness of cognitive problems - Momentarily forgets acquaintance's name

- Loses sense of time - Forgets what an item is used for - Little awareness of cognitive problems

When caring for a patient in a long-term care facility who is ambulatory but has moderate Alzheimer's disease, the nurse would assess the patient for which common infections? Select all that apply. - Pneumonia - Skin infection - Urinary tract infection - Gastrointestinal infection - Cerebrospinal fluid infection

- Pneumonia - Urinary tract infection

Which criterion would the nurse associate with the health care provider's diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD)? Select all that apply. - Decreased serum dopamine levels - Tumor present in the thymus gland - Positive response to antiparkinsonian medications - MRI shows area of plaque on cranial nerves - Presence of two of the three classic features: rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor.

- Positive response to antiparkinsonian medications - Presence of two of the three classic features: rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor.

Which symptoms would the nurse include in a teaching plan for a group of caregivers regarding how to detect the early warning signs of Alzheimer's disease? Select all that apply. - Problems with language - Disorientation to time and place - Memory loss that affects job skills - Patient requiring help with getting dressed - Patient requiring assistance with walking

- Problems with language - Disorientation to time and place - Memory loss that affects job skills

The nurse is providing care to a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who is hospitalized for an appendectomy. Which actions are appropriate when providing care to the patient? Select all that apply. - Providing reassurance to the patient. - Using restraints to prevent wandering - Assessing closely for safety concerns - Orienting frequently to place and time - Alternating staff assigned to the patient.

- Providing reassurance to the patient - Assessing closely for safety concerns - Orienting frequently to place and time.

Which interventions would the nurse take for a patient with Alzheimer's disease who is restless and agitated? Select all that apply. - Reassure the patient. - Change the patient's focus - Call the health care provider - Do not ask the patient challenging "why" questions - Warn the patient to be calm or else restraints will be applied.

- Reassure the patient - Change the patient's focus - Do not ask the patient challenging "why" questions.

The patient is having some increased memory and language problems. Which diagnostic tests will be done before this patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease? Select all that apply. - Urinalysis - Liver function tests - Neuropsychologic testing - MRI of the head - Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody (ANA)

- Urinalysis - Liver function tests - Neuropsychologic testing - MRI of the head

Which nursing interventions would be included in the plan of care for a patient with Alzheimer's disease who has difficulty eating and swallowing? Select all that apply. - Use easy-grip utensils - Provide food in a crowded room - Use pureed foods and thickened liquids - Remind the patient to chew and swallow the food - Encourage the patient to eat while watching television.

- Use easy-grip utensils - Use pureed foods and thickened liquids - Remind the patient to chew and swallow the food

A patient diagnosed with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) is being discharged home. Which instructions by the nurse are most appropriate to give to the caregiver(s)? Select all that apply. - "Be aware that pain may be manifested in changes in behavior." - "Be alert to any changes in behavior, fevers, cough, or urinary pain." - "If the patient wanders away and cannot be found within an hour, call 911." - "Check that the patient swallows the food that is chewed because patients with AD can have difficulty swallowing." - "A reduced-calorie diet is preferred because after the primary stage of the disease, AD patients tend to gain too much weight."

- "Be aware that pain may be manifested in changes in behavior." - "Be alert to any changes in behavior, fevers, cough, or urinary pain." - "Check that the patient swallows the food that is chewed because patients with AD can have difficulty swallowing."

The spouse of a patient, just diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in the mild stage, asks the nurse how to plan for the future and make the treatment decisions. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? - "Medicine is researching treatments for Alzheimer's disease actively, and a cure may be near." - "Discussing advanced directives may cause the Alzheimer's disease to progress more quickly." - "Disease progression is uniform, and decisions about treatment can be made after the patient is comfortable with the diagnosis." - "Health care decisions, including advanced directives, should be made while the patient is able to participate in the decision making."

- "Health care decisions, including advanced directives, should be made while the patient is able to participate in the decision making."

Which factors would the nurse consider risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease? Select all that apply. - Aging - Viral infection - Family history - Diabetes mellitus - Irritable bowel disease

- Aging - Family history - Diabetes mellitus

Which symptoms would a nurse assess in a patient with Alzheimer's disease who is in severe pain but who cannot communicate. Select all that apply. - Agitation - Wandering - Withdrawal - Sundowning - Increased vocalization

- Agitation - Withdrawal - Increased vocalization

The nurse is teaching a group of caregivers about how to help patients with severe agitation in Alzheimer's disease. Which strategies would the nurse include in the plan? Select all that apply. - Ignoring - Distraction - Redirection - Restraining - Reassurance.

- Distraction - Redirection - Reassurance

When performing a physical examination of a patient with Parkinson's disease, which associated clinical manifestations would the nurse likely identify? Select all that apply. - Nystagmus - Patchy blindness - Drooling of saliva - Decreased arm swing - Shuffling, propulsive gait

- Drooling of saliva - Decreased arm swing - Shuffling, propulsive gait. - these are due to the combination of tremors, rigidity of muscles, and bradykinesia

A nurse is caring for a patient with Alzheimer's disease in an adult day care facility. Which nursing management goals would help this patient? Select all that apply. - Have dignity maintained. - Maintain functional ability - Have personal care needs met - Learn to be dependent on the nurse - Get registered in a long-term care facility.

- Have dignity maintained - Maintain functional ability - Have personal care needs met

Which risk factors found in patient's health history support the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)? Select all that apply. - Osteoarthritis - Hypertension - Anorexia nervosa - Diabetes insipidus - Hypercholesterolemia.

- Hypertension - Hypercholesterolemia - other risk factors include diabetes mellitus and obesity

For which patient would the nurse prioritize an assessment for depression? - A patient in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease - A patient who is in the final stages of Alzheimer's disease - A patient experiencing delirium secondary to dehydration - A patient who has become delirious following an atypical drug response.

A patient in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

The patient with Parkinson's disease lost 35 pounds (15.9 kg) over the last two months, and a swallow study indicates ability to swallow without aspiration. Which intervention would the nurse discuss with the patient and spouse to improve nutritional intake? - Include chewy foods so that the patient builds up the jaw muscles - Administer prescribed carbidopa/levodopa with a protein drink - allow adequate time for the patient to eat each of six small meals - Encourage the patient to eat at least every two hours while awake.

Allow adequate time for the patient to eat each of six small meals. - protein impairs the absorption of levodopa, so the best practice is to avoid large amounts of protein when administering carbidopa/levodopa

The nurse would assess a patient with Alzheimer's disease who has increased vocalization and agitation for which issue? - Pain - Glaucoma - Lack of sleep - Schizophrenia

Pain

A nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for a patient with Alzheimer's disease. The patient, who is usually cooperative and calm, is agitated and refusing care from the nursing assistant. Which action would the nurse do first? - Notify the health care provider and obtain a medication to treat the agitation - Notify the patient's family and ask if someone could come and sit with the patient. - Perform a physical assessment, including monitoring vital signs and signs of pain - Ask the nursing assistant to distract the patient with an activity.

Perform a physical assessment, including monitoring vital signs and signs of pain.

When evaluating the presence of an initial symptom of Parkinson's disease, which clinical manifestation would the nurse evaluate? - Akinesia - Aspiration - Forgetfulness - Pill-rolling tremors.

Pill-rolling tremors - Early symptoms of Parkinson's disease include coarse resting tremors of the fingers and thumb, also known as pill-rolling movements. Akinesia (complete or partial loss of muscle movement), aspiration, and mental deterioration occur later in the disease process.

Which rationale is accurate for why a patient who is demonstrating signs of delirium is scheduled for a CT scan of the brain? - An undiagnosed infection is occurring - Alzheimer's disease is being ruled out - Trauma to the spinal cord has occurred - Potential head injury is causing the symptoms

Potential head injury is causing the problems - In delirium, brain imaging studies are used in situations in which head injury is known or suspected

Regarding the patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) who recently entered a long-term care facility, which action would the health care team implement to promote adequate nutrition for this patient? - Provide multivitamins with each meal - Provide a diet low in complex carbohydrates and high in protein - Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and swallow. - provide the patient with minced or pureed diet, high in potassium and low in sodium.

Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and swallow.

Which symptom is consistent with the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of Alzheimer's disease? - The patient needs help to get dressed. - The patient has difficulty in learning new skills - The patient is unable to walk without assistance - The patient has difficulty recognizing family members.

The patient has difficulty in learning new skills

Which drug on the medication administration record would the nurse administer to a patient with Alzheimer's disease who is experiencing sleep disturbances? - Fluoxetine - Zolpidem - Clonazepam - Memantine

Zolpidem - is a hypnotic drug used to treat sleep disturbances that are often associated with Alzheimer's disease