Neuro quizlet ch 60
frontal lobe functions
"Executive functions" Planning, inhibition, concentration, orientation, language, abstraction, judgment, motor regulation, mood. Lack of social judgment is most notable in frontal lobe lesion. ("D amage = D isinhibition" - e.g., Phineas Gage) person's affect, judgment, personality, and inhibitions
Helicopod
A client in the emergency department has a suspected neurologic disorder. To assess gait, the nurse asks the client to take a few steps; with each step, the client's feet make a half circle. To document the client's gait, the nurse should use which term?
thought content.
A client is actively hallucinating during an assessment. The nurse would be correct in documenting the hallucination as a disturbance in
avoid sedatives/ caffeine 8hr
A client is scheduled for an EEG. The client inquires about any diet-related prerequisites before the EEG. Which diet-related advice should the nurse provide to the client?
lumbar pucture
A client presents to the emergency department status post-seizure. The physician wants to know what the pressure is in the client's head. What test might be ordered on this client? *cuz Changes in CSF often occur in many neurologic disorders
seal a hole
A nurse and nursing student are caring for a client recovering from a lumbar puncture yesterday. The client reports a headache despite being on bedrest overnight. The physician plans an epidural blood patch this morning. The student asks how this will help the headache. The correct reply from the nurse is which of the following?
positive romberg, equil
A nurse conducts the Romberg test on a client by asking the client to stand with the feet close together and the eyes closed. As a result of this posture, the client suddenly sways to one side and is about to fall when the nurse intervenes and saves the client from being injured. How should the nurse interpret the client's result?
stick tongue out and move side to side
A nurse is evaluating a client's cranial nerves during a routine examination. To assess the function of cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal), the nurse should assess the client's ability to:
Muscle spasticity.
A patient is admitted to a specialty care unit with a diagnosis of an upper motor neuron lesion. The nurse assesses the patient and documents the presence of:
brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata)
A patient who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support. What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?
temporal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
occipital lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
eval corneal reflexes (to rapidly assess brain stem function)
After a plane crash, a client is brought to the emergency department with severe burns and respiratory difficulty. The nurse helps to secure a patent airway and attends to the client's immediate needs, then prepares to perform an initial neurologic assessment. The nurse should perform an:
CN 7 (facial nerve)
Controls muscles of facial expression Taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. discriminate between the tastes of sugar and salt. Motor and sensory The nurse is assessing the throat of a client with throat pain. In asking the client to stick out the tongue, the nurse is also assessing which cranial nerve?
Broca's area/ speech
Critical for motor control of speech lies in the LEFT inferior frontal lobe A patient has been diagnosed with damage to Broca's area of the left frontal lobe. To document the extent of damage, the nurse would assess the patient's:
Decreased/ flaccid muscle tone
If a client has a lower motor neuron lesion, the nurse would expect to observe which manifestation upon physical assessment?
hypothalamus
Responsible for regulating basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control
moving towards chest
The Family Nurse Practitioner is performing the physical examination of a client with a suspected neurologic disorder. In addition to assessing other parts of the body, the nurse should assess for neck rigidity. Which method should help the nurse assess for neck rigidity correctly?
CSF cloudy
The nurse assists the health care provider (HCP) in completing a lumbar puncture (LP). Which should the nurse note as a concern? normally clear and colorless. cloudy= Increased protein, lipids, or infection (CSF) normal BP= 80-100
no food/ drink
The nurse has completed evaluating the client's cranial nerves. The nurse documents impairment of the right cervical nerves (CN IX and CN X). Based on these findings, the nurse should instruct the client to (Significant findings of CN IX (glossopharyngeal) include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and impaired taste, and significant findings of CN X (vagus) include weak or absent gag reflex, difficulty swallowing, aspiration, hoarseness, and slurred speech (dysarthria)
cn 10 (vagus)
The nurse is performing a neurologic assessment on a client diagnosed with a stroke and cannot elicit a gag reflex. This deficit is related to which of the following cranial nerves? (has to do with the gag reflex, laryngeal hoarseness, swallowing ability, and the symmetrical rise of the uvula and soft palate)
CN 1 (olfactory)
The nurse is performing an assessment of cranial nerve function and asks the patient to cover one nostril at a time to see if the patient can smell coffee, alcohol, and mint. The patient is unable to smell any of the odors. The nurse is aware that the patient has a dysfunction of which cranial nerve?
CN 2 (optic nerve)
The nurse obtains a Snellen eye chart when assessing cranial nerve function. Which cranial nerve is the nurse testing when using the chart?
Cerebral angiography (arteriography)
The physician's office nurse is caring for a client who has a history of a cerebral aneurysm. Which diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate to monitor the status of the aneurysm?
CN 8 (Vestibulocochlear/ acoustic)
The provider orders the Romberg test for a patient. The nurse tells the patient that the provider wants to evaluate his equilibrium by assessing which cranial nerve?
gag reflex
To assess a client's cranial nerve function, a nurse should assess:
memory problems
To help assess a client's cerebral function, a nurse should ask:
cerebellum
What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement? A patient recently noted difficulty maintaining his balance and controlling fine movements. The nurse explains that the provider will order diagnostic studies for the part of his brain known as the:
No metals in room
What safety actions does the nurse need to take for a client receiving oxygen therapy who is undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
fRontal
Which cerebral lobes is the largest and controls abstract thought? also controls information storage or memory and motor function.
Dilated pupils
Which is a sympathetic effect of the nervous system?
chorea
Which of the following terms is used to describe rapid, jerky, involuntary, purposeless movements of the extremities?
Electromyography (EMG)
Which term refers to a method of recording, in graphic form, the electrical activity of a muscle?
ataxia
Which term refers to the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking? the inability to coordinate voluntary muscle action; tremors (rhythmic, involuntary movements) noted at rest or during movement suggest a problem in the anatomic areas responsible for balance and coordination.
function of CSF
buoyancy, protection, chemical stability It cushions the brain and spinal cord.
upper motor neuron lesions
cause hyperactive reflexes, no muscle atrophy, and muscle spasticity.
CN 3 (oculomotor)
has to do with pupillary response, conjugate movements, and nystagmus.
Comatose
nurse is giving report on a pt. The nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess the level of consciousness (LOC) of a female client and reports to the on-coming nurse that the client has an LOC of 6. What does an LOC score of 6 in a client indicate? (A normal response is 15. A score of 7 or less is considered comatose.)
Frontal lobe
patient sustained a head injury during a fall and has changes in personality and affect. What part of the brain does the nurse recognize has been affected in this injury?
parietal lobe
receives sensory input for touch and body position
electroencephalogram
record of the electricity in the brain
CN 8 Vestibulocochlear
sensory, hearing and balance
pons
sleep and arousal HELPS REGULATE RESPIRATIONS
Medulla
the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing Reflex centers for respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, coughing, vomiting, swallowing, and sneezing
agnosia
the loss of ability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system
echoencephalography (EchoEG)
ultrasound technology is used to record brain structures in the search for abnormalities