New imperialism quest

"White man's burden"

justification for imperialism and Europeans felt like they had the obligation to "civilize" the Africans.

How was imperialism in Africa similar to imperialism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands? How was it different

- in both places christianity was spread - both places had missionaries come and establish schools and hospitals -railroads were built to make trade easier in both places -both were colonized by europeans -both places have europeans that expand trade (with europeans or wherever they say they can trade)and industrialization - africa colonization was more organized and in SE Asia and the Pacific it was a slower take over. What crops they looked for who was involved

The Berlin conference

-At the Berlin Conference, European powers agreed on how they could claim African territory without fighting amongst themselves. at the berlin conference, countries agreed on a set of rules for "carving up" Africa. represenatives from fourteen countries came together for the conference. not a single African representative was at the meeting, and few of the participating diplomats had ever set foot on the African continent. 1.king Leopold's II of Belgium sent explorers to the Congo river basin to arrange trade treaties with African leaders 2.king Leopold's activities in the Congo set off a scramble among other European nations. Before long, Britain, France, sand Germany were pressing for rival claims to the region 3. At the Berlin conference European powers agreed on how they could claim African territory without fighting amongst themselves 4. European powers partitioned almost the entire African continent

what was going on with the sepoys

-Discontent among sepoys , sepoys were forced to serve anywhere over the seas which violated a lot of hindu religious law, also passed a law allowing hindu widows to remarry which also undermines heavily held hindu beliefs. -what puts sepoys over the edge in order to put the shells in the guns, they had to bite off cartridges with their teeth they're laced with animal fat. the animal fat was made of pigs and cows, which infuriats hindu sepoys (cows are sacred) and muslims sepoys (pigs-don't eat pork

Sepoy rebellion

-Discontent among sepoys , sepoys were forced to serve anywhere over the seas which violated a lot of hindu religious law, also passed a law allowing hindu widows to remarry which also undermines heavily held hindu beliefs. -what puts sepoys over the edge in order to put the shells in the guns, they had to bite off cartridges with their teeth they're laced with animal fat. the animal fat was made of pigs and cows, which infuriats hindu sepoys (cows are sacred) and muslims sepoys (pigs-don't eat pork -this leads to sepoy rebellion-starts as many sepoys going after all british. british come back for revenge and slaughter thousands of sepoys and unarmed civilians. -both sides left with bitter legacy of hatred, fear, mistrust b/c of this British said they couldn't trust their colony (India) so put india directly under british rule, in 157-1858. send more troops to india, and tax indians to pay for this difference b/c it cost a lot to control the colonies.

Compare and contrast Japanese, Chinese, and Indian imperialism-what happened that made them different in their imperialism

-differences: Japan and Chian were never colonized, but India was. all three countries start with declining empires -eventually all countries have European influence. China: Opium Wars. India: GB comes in under East India trading company. After Sepoy rebellion, GB colonizes India. Japan: Treaty of Kanawaga-matthew perry-treaty of kanawaga-overthrow of kanawaga

New imperialism

-goes beyond trading stations Effects: -colonies all over the world -nationalistic movements on conquered people -competition for influence between European nations

French vs. Britain rule

-the french had direct control over their colonies. the french worked to impose changes on their colonial population to make the more french in language, values, religion, and cultural practice. this process is assimilation, aimed to erase local cultures and replaced them with French culture. -british governed through indirect rule. in this system, colonial officials employed traditional leaders (leaders holding power by African laws or customs) as agents of the colonial system. traditional leaders took new roles as tax collectors, census-takers, and recruiters of workers and soldiers. while traditional leaders in this system retained their positions of power, their authority now came not from their people, but from the colonial system

Why were some countries able to conquer other countries in the late 19th and 20th century? Who were the exceptions? Why were they exceptions

Because they had the technology to; especially guns. EX: Africa. The exceptions was Japan. Japan was an exception because they saw what had happened the China so they industrialized/modernized. They started to imperialism other places. China and the Ottoman Also escaped becomin European countries

why do GB and china go to war in opium war?

Britain sells chinese opium to improve balance of trade, chinese gets addicted to opium (grown from popper's in India-cash crop for india). drug very similar to heroin so w/o realizing it they were getting addicted which ruined work force, Quing dynasty said agh couldn't sell them opium, but GB says no. go to war twice in opium wars. gb wanted to balance trade or have a trade surplus. sepoys had to fight in the opium wars.

Extraterritoriality

British allowed to not follow laws in China, only have to follow their laws when they're their. slap in the face to China. -don't have to follow the laws/rules of the country you're present in. only your own. -U.s. had this somewhere

what was the british east india company

British east india company made GB a lot of money b/c increase trade in China, so had to go to war with China. they used a lot of Native Indians. company forces NI to Indians to be part of their military, called sepoys (Indian soldiers).

What were the causes of new imperialism? How did this differ from the causes of old imperialism? When and where did each occur?

Causes of new imperialism was Industrial Revolution in GB, raw materials, and need for a place to put naval bases. 18th-20th century (1700s-1900s). Occurred all over the world. Old imperialism was 15th-18th century (1500s-1700s) Glory, gold-wanted wealth and more power. Occurred in the Americas and trading stations in other places? Cause of old imperialism was God, Glory, and Gold. Old imperialism was the Age of Exploration. Difference between them was technology from IR. In new imperialism they are able to go into the interiors or regions such as in the continent Africa because of industrialization (guns). Common: lots of competition, glorifying empires, prioritize profit.

The causes of new imperialism social and religious

Colonization made European countries look tougher to other European countries While Europe practiced Christianity, the African cultures did not instead they practiced several other smaller religions. This caused European missionaries to try to convert the Africans to Christianity in order to "help them" and give them an opportunity to learn and be a part of God. They created more colonies to not only intimidate their rivals, but to insure that their rivals don't have a lot of land. Social Darwinism-the belief that the European race was superior to all other races and that they could exert their influence over them. White Man's Burden

Define the four types of imperialism. Identify countries or regions we discussed in class as examples of each to type of imperialism

Colony: a country or region/territory governed internally by a foreign power. Ex: India Protectorate: a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power. Ex: GB did with Egypt (independent but heavily influenced by other power) Sphere of influence (get specific trading rights with that specific region): an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges. Ex: China Economic imperialism: an independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments. Ex:Guatemala (Latin America and U.S.)

The causes of new imperialism economical,

Conquered territories had resources such as rubber and copper that they could trade. European countries wanted to become wealthier and therefore more powerful. The labor from the colonized African countries was cheap labor. Ports spread around the world brought more opportunities for trade. New colonies = new trading partners

Direct v. Indirect rule

Direct control: foreign officials brought in to rule -no self-rule -Goal: assimilation -government institutions are based only on European styles. EX: French colonies in Africa and Somaliland, Vietnam Indirect Control: -Local government officials used -Limited: Self-rule -Goal: To develop future leaders -Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules EX: British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma, U.s. colonies on Pacific islands

Why did the Europeans put so much development and infrastructure in their colonies?

European wanted raw materials from the places they colonized or tried to colonize other regions.

The causes of new imperialism (political,

Europeans used machine guns and cannons to conquer African territory Majority of domination came through war (which resulted in many African deaths) Industrial Revolution Europeans had a stronger military more organized government which put them at an advantage over Africa Africa was available for trade and was a military outpost Naval vessels Europe was able to colonize because of their strong economy and central government, and they colonized in order to gain power Europeans brought in different political beliefs to Africa once they took control of African land, which contradicted what the Africans believed, which divided the tribes National security Global prestige

New imperialism v. Old imperialism

New imperialism: -18th-20th century (1700s-1900s) -IR was a significant cause -goes beyond trading stations Effects: -colonies all over the world -nationalistic movements of conquered peoples -competition for influence b/w European nations. Old imperialism: -15th-18th century (1500s-1700s) -God, Glory, and Gold -purpose was originaly to build trading stations (new world was the exception) -mercantilism became the dominant economic system Effects: -Exploitation -favorable balance of trade for Europe -Dissent among few (De Las Casas)

Taiping rebellion

Sphere of influence: different countries carve out difference pieces of China. in those regions, those europeans france, GB, germany, Japan, Russia, also U.S. could trade and gain resources from that area. -china did not act well , not happy with increased presence-along with issues with Quing dynasty puts China in downward spiral. -taiping rebellion most devastating peasant revolt in history. frustration with with inadequacy of Quing dynasty, some leaders call for an end to this, taiping rebels revolt against government. they control large parts of china, strong, and hold out for 14 years. Quing dynasty creates allies with local governors and chinese generals, and crush rebellions. causes the death of 20-30 million chinese people. due to QD with regional commanders. problem is give away some power to European leaders, and local rulers, so decreases power of Quing dynasty.-leads to self-strengthening movement which fails.

The causes of new imperialism technological

The Industrial Revolution Steamboats Machine guns Powerful army and navy Wanted to set up trading empires Boats made it easier to go travel to other countries and trade with them. Medical advances and vaccines Better communication technology

What was the scramble for Africa? How did it impact imperialism on the continent?

The scramble for Africa was when European countries claimed most of the territory/land in Africa. King Leopoldo II of Belgium sent explorers to the Congo River basin to arrange trade treaties with African leaders. King Leopold's activities in the Congo set off a scramble among other European nations. Before long, Britain, France, and Germany were pressing for rival claims to the region. It impacted imperialism because it lead to the Berlin Conference which was when the European powers came together to reduce fighting over land in Africa and set rules. This lead to the European powers forming an organized way to conquer territory in Africa; by 1900, Europeans had laid claim to all but the African territories of Ethiopia and Liberia. Overall the scramble for Africa lead to The Berlin Conference which led to Africa being imperialized.

Scramble for Africa

The scramble for Africa was when European countries claimed most of the territory/land in Africa. King Leopoldo II of Belgium sent explorers to the Congo River basin to arrange trade treaties with African leaders. King Leopold's activities in the Congo set off a scramble among other European nations. Before long, Britain, France, and Germany were pressing for rival claims to the region. It impacted imperialism because it lead to the Berlin Conference which was when the European powers came together to reduce fighting over land in Africa and set rules. This lead to the European powers forming an organized way to conquer territory in Africa; by 1900, Europeans had laid claim to all but the African territories of Ethiopia and Liberia. Overall the scramble for Africa lead to The Berlin Conference which led to Africa being imperialized.y

Boxer rebellion

final event that showed unhappiness with increased foreign prescence is the boxer rebellion (1900). shortly after open door policy was put into affect. along with the anti-quing dynasty sentiment there was people very angry with prescence of foreigners. a group of chinese formed aa secret society called the righteous harmonious fist. main goal is to drive out foreign devils who were polluting their land with these intense ways, changing who they were. boxers basically attack foreigners(all across china)-unified attacks, the western powers in japan gang up and create this multinational force that is going to overthrow and crush the boxers. also rescue any foreigners that were captured. this is the final push against the foreigners, and ends in defeat for china.

Opium wars

first war (1839-1842)GB goes to war with china to improve balance of trade. Gb go to war with china twice to impose free trade in opium on china. GB was really successful in war b/c massive navy. treaty of , Nanjing: british receive indemnity, Hong Kong, extraterritoriality, open ports, and missionaries allowed to operate.y -second opium war b/c china tries to get rid of foreigners prescence. since GB so successful other countries wanted to get involved. france. they win. they can allow embasy's and foreign diplomats to live in china, more access to trade, more ports.russia, japan, france, gain access to trade in china. germany, U.s. wants some. U.s. diplomats say we all want trade with china so says we have a open door policy which allows for different countries to have access to different areas, so all could come in and trade, not one country would have access (economic domination) to all of china, keeps trade open to everyone equally. problem is brings more foreigners to china, negative effect on their economy. nobody asked for china's permission.

1904 Roosevelt corollary

in 1904 theodore roosevelt issues this on top of monroe doctrines. says he wants american companies to continue to safely invest in LA, so means we have a say in americas, particularly LA affairs.

1823 monroe doctrine

spain and other european countries wanted to reclaim colonies, but U.S. did not want presence of europeans in La. 1823, james monroe issues monroe doctrine states that europe is no longer allowed to colonize the american colonies.

Consequences of imperialism

struggling economically, technologically, and industrially. -Africa was split into countries without care for tribal and ethnic backgrounds of people chasing future problems and wars. africans also had wo work long unfair hours for unjust pay (like the congo) lasting america was trapped by the U.s. economically dependent on them and ten troops went over from america to protect their investments. china faced foreigners coming in westernizing them and getting them addicted to opium and parts were divided to many countries. india was put under control of GB and men were enlisted in the army to fight and do things against their will. -forced assimilation and spread of western ideas resulting in the loss of culture in countries

what determineed the way colonial powers governed their colonial territories

the aims of the colonial powers determined the ways in which they governed their colonial territories.

Social Darwinism

the belief that the European race was superior to all other races and that they could exert their influence over them.