NFS207 LearnSmart Ch7
Match the term with the definition: Food allergy Food intolerance
Food allergy - causes an immune response. Food intolerance - caused by an individuals inability to digest certain food components.
The DNA code for synthesis of specific protein must be transferred from the cell's nucleus to the blank and allow for protein synthesis.
cytoplasm
Protein synthesis takes place in the
cytosol of the cell
Match the protein transporter with its function.
Hemoglobin - carries oxygen Lipoproteins - transports lipids Retinol-binding protein- carries vitamin A. Transferrin - carries iron
An essential amino acid
- Cannot be synthesized in the body. - must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur.
Which form of PEM is primarily a protein deficit?
Kwashiorkor
Identify a key component of the immune system.
antibody proteins
Research shows that a high-protein diet may increase blank loss in urine.
calcium
An amino acid without an amino group is called a
carbon skeleton
What is it called when two sources of protein combine to form a complete protein, whereas by themselves, they supply an inadequate amount of essential amino acids?
complementary protein
What is the process of altering the 3-dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation.
denaturation
Fluid buildup in the interstitial space is called blank.
edema
Edema refers to
fluid buildup in the interstitial space
Many children with kwashiorkor develop this disease as a result of not consuming enough protein or calories. Children with kwashiorkor often consume roots and blank, a high fiber, low protein food that fills the child up before their calorie and nutrient needs are met.
gruels
A high-protein diet can affect the kidneys by
increasing production of urea
Which of the following is the primary cause of marasmus?
lack of food/ nutrients.
Quinoa and blank protein is an example of a plant-based protein that meeds the essential amino acid needs.
soy
Under what condition will the conversion of amino acids into glucose result in the development of widespread muscle wasting?
starvation
The blank takes amino acids to the ribosomes as needed during protein synthesis.
tRNA
What protein process helps to facilitate protein digestion?
denaturation
Put the process of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish.
1. Protein is partially digested by pepsin and hydrochloric acid. 2. Protein is further digested by enzymes released from the pancreas. 3. Final digestion of protein to amino acids occurs in the small intestine. 4. Amino acids are absorbed and transported to the liver.
How many nonessential amino acids exist?
11
Proteins supply the body with about blank kilocalories per gram.
4
Which population has a high prevalence of PEM?
Central America
Blank is a double-stranded molecule in helical form.
DNA
Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the blank code.
DNA
Amino acid absorption is blank by protein denaturation.
aided
A(n) blank blank is composed of 4 elements: a nitrogen, an acid, a hydrogen, and a side group.
amino acid
What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
When a person has a protein deficiency it can result in immune incompetence called blank.
anergy
Proteins from blank are considered to be a good source of all 9 essential amino acids.
animals
blank are proteins that bind to foreign proteins that invade the body and prevent their attack on target cells.
antibodies
Fats and carbohydrates are blank used to meet energy needs.
primarily
The liver and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from the nutrient blank, which makes it a costly energy source of calories.
protein
A(n) blank usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.
protein deficiency
blank is the process by which cells break down old proteins and resynthesizes new proteins so that the cell will have the proteins it needs to function at that time.
protein turnover
Almost all enzymes are
proteins
Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies
-calorie deficiency - lack of nutrients
Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA travels to the blank where the mRNA code is read and translated to produce a specific protein.
ribosomes
The tRNA is responsible for transferring amino acids to the blank.
ribosomes
The amino group from an amino acid is excreted in the
urine
Proteins supply blank energy to the body.
very little
Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true? Select all that apply.
- Edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor. -Fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor. -A young child may develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels.
Proteins serve which of the following functions?
- Plays a role in enzyme and hormone production. - Proteins regulate and maintain essential body functions. - Proteins aid in cell synthesis.
The blood proteins blank are important in maintaining fluid balance.
- albumin - globulin
What are some steps that can be taken to prevent the development of food allergies?
- breastfeed babies until they are between 4 and 6 months old. - consult a pediatrician before giving infants highly allergenic foods. -introduce small amounts of potentially allergenic food after 6 months
A diet high in animal protein can increase a person's chance of developing blank.
- cancer -cardiovascular disease
Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells? Select the best two answers.
- carbohydrates -fats
Amino acids are requires for the synthesis of many hormones, such as
- insulin - thyroid hormone
The most common nutritional concerns for infants and children following vegetarian and vegan diets are:
- iron - vitamin D - vitamin B-12
Which of the following are characteristics of kwashiorkor?
- lack of growth - weakness -Edema
The treatment recommended for a child with marasmus requires
- large amounts of calories -large amounts of protein
The likelihood of developing which of these diseases increases if anergy develops from a protein deficiency?
- measles -mumps -chicken pox
Which of the following foods would a lacto-ovo vegetarian consume?
- milk -eggs - fruit
Pulses are a group of 12 crops, including
- peas -lentils -beans
Obtaining amino acids from whole proteins rather than consuming supplements
- prevents amino acid toxicity - assures a supply of amino acids in proportions needed for body functions.
Identify the different levels of protein organization.
- primary structure - secondary structure -tertiary structure - quaternary structure
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
- pump ions into and out of cells -serve as buffers that resist changes in pH
Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?
- stomach acid -heat
How does changing a protein's shape affect the protein?
- the protein loses its biological activity - it destroys the protein's ability to function normally
Match the type of vegetarian with the diet they would consume.
Lacto-ovo - consumes milk and eggs. Lacto - consumes milk. Vegan - does not consume any animal products.
Which of the following is a reason why marasmus commonly occurs in the large cities of poverty-stricken countries?
bottle feeding
A(n) blank is any compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution.
buffer
Which food is among the 8 foods that account for 90% of all food allergies?
eggs
Sickle-cell disease occurs because of defects in the structure of the protein chains of blank, a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
hemoglobin
blank-protein diets lead to increased urine output, which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration.
high
Although a vegan may be getting adequate total protein, what specific type of protein may be deficient in their diet?
high biological value
When carbohydrates are in short supply, the blank can make glucose from amino acids present in body tissues.
liver
Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as blank have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.
marasmus
