NFSC 100 Final Study Guide

Twenty-year-old Darlene is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis. She has heard that it is important for young women to consume adequate amounts of calcium, but she is not sure which foods to eat. To increase her calcium intake, which of the following foods should she choose? Check all that apply.

Sardines and fat-free plain yogurt.

In the fed state (eating) with the macronutrients. Check all that apply:

Store triglycerides Use amino acids to build proteins, such as muscle and enzymes Convert glucose to glycogen, and store it in the liver

To be classified as a vitamin, a compound must generally meet certain criteria. Check all that apply:

The body requires the substance for maintaining good health. Absence of the compound from the diet for a defined period of time produces deficiency symptoms, that if caught in time, can be resupplied. And a synthetic version of the compund is available in a dietary supplement.

In the unfed state, how does the body use the macronutrients? Check all that apply:

The liver breaks down glycoen Glucose and fatty acids are used for energy Fat cells release fatty acids

Which of the following statements is false?

The physical and chemical properties of amino acid are determined by the side chain.

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells?

Vitamin A

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals

antioxident

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?

beta-carotene

A person's _____ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices.

blood type/political beliefs

chemical digestion in GI tract

both a and c are correct.

liver can use simple sugars for all except which of the following?

breakdown bile for energy

Excess sunlight, smoking and environmental pollutants are sources of antioxidants.

false

Which of the following foods is the most energy dense per serving?

fat-free milk

Tamika's 52-year-old father died as a result of a condition that is the leading cause of death in the United States. Based on this information, Tamika's father died from ______________.

heart disease

Functions of vitamin D include all except which of the following?

increases intestinal absorption of phosphorus and calcium from foods.

functions of carbohydrates includes all except

involved in fat metabolism.

When consumed with certain plant foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of _______?

iron

Vitamin C

is needed to form strong collagen

The energy value of a raw peach is reported as a number of ________________.

kilocalories

Which organs play a role in making and activating vitamin D?

liver, kidney, and skin

which organs play a role in making and activating vitamin D?

liver, kidneys and skin

Osteoporosis is characterized by

loss of bone mass and structure.

oseteoporosis is characterized by

low bone mass and reduced bone structure

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is __________________.

night blindness

determine which foods are rich in sources of preformed vitamin A, protvitamin A carstenoids, or not a good source.

not a good source: apples contains pro-vitamins: carrots, squash, sweet potatoes, mangoes contains preformed: liver, fish oil, eggs

If an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, it has become _____________.

oxidized

enzymes involved in protein digestion include all except which of the following?

pancreatic amylase

The digestion of protein begins in the

stomach

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except

vitamin C

Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity?

vitamin E

What is not a source of calories?

vitamins

What percent of energy is used to maintain BMR?

60%-75%

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop osteoporosis?

A sedentary white male college student who smokes cigarettes.

Energy balance is a function of calories in vs. calories out. Drag the scenario to its appropriate energy balance classification. At the end of the semester you spent the entire day studying for exams. You ate 1800 kcals and used 1800 kcals. You are in ____________. Your roommate wanted to go on a diet and lose weight, during the spring semester. They weighed 140 lbs in January, and also weighed the same in May, 140 lbs. Your roommate is in ___________. During winter break, you go on an all-day hike. You eat 2200 kcals, and burn 2750 kcals. You are in ___________. Your grandmother was sick with the flu last winter and lost 24 lbs. She is in ____________. Your 28 year-old sister is 5 months pregnant. She has gained 6 lbs. She is in ___________. In June, you spend several hours walking around the fair. Your primary activities include, sampling food at baking competitions, eating at the best food trucks. You ate 2400 kcals at the fair. You walked off 1800 kcals. You are in ____________.

At the end of the semester you spent the entire day studying for exams. You ate 1800 kcals and used 1800 kcals. You are in _____equilibrium_______. Your roommate wanted to go on a diet and lose weight, during the spring semester. They weighed 140 lbs in January, and also weighed the same in May, 140 lbs. Your roommate is in _____equilibrium______. During winter break, you go on an all-day hike. You eat 2200 kcals, and burn 2750 kcals. You are in _____negative energy balance______. Your grandmother was sick with the flu last winter and lost 24 lbs. She is in _____negative energy balance_______. Your 28 year-old sister is 5 months pregnant. She has gained 6 lbs. She is in _____positive energy balance_______. In June, you spend several hours walking around the fair. Your primary activities include, sampling food at baking competitions, eating at the best food trucks. You ate 2400 kcals at the fair. You walked off 1800 kcals. You are in _____positive energy balance________.

Certain vitamins or provitamins have antioxidant properties that help protect against free radical damage to cells. Check all of the following substances that have antioxidant activity:

Beta-carotene, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

Broccoli

___________________ is classified as a major mineral.

Calcium

A healthy weight can be achieved by focusing on energy balance. Determine whether each situation is a component of the "energy input" or the "energy output" side of the energy balance equation. Drag the label to its appropriate classification. Drinking wine Eating a salad. Digesting a meal Walking with friends Shivering in response to cold

Drinking wine - energy input Eating a salad - energy input Digesting a meal - energy output Walking with friends - energy output Shivering in response to cold - energy output

Foods made from processed soy beans are sources of low quality protein

False

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

Fatty fish and fish oils

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

Fortified dairy products

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

Ground beef

Match the terms to the correct definition. Hunger Appetite Satiety Satiation

Hunger: A physiological unease or discomfort, especially in the stomach Appetite: A phychological, emotional, sensory desire to eat food Satiety: The time between eating episodes Satiation: The end of a meal when a person stops eating

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Determine which foods are rich sources of preformed vitamin A or provitamin A carotenoids. Liver Fish oil Eggs Carrots Winter squash Spinach Sweet potatoes Mangoes Apples

Contains pre-formed vitamin A: Liver, fish oil, and eggs Not a good source of vitamin A: apples Contains pro-vitamin A carotenoids: carrots, winter squash, spinach, sweet potatoes, mangoes.

A variety of factors can increase or decrease osteoporosis risk. Determine whether the situation on the left will increase or decrease osteoporosis risk. Male Non-smoker Overweight, large frame African-American Participates in regular physical activity Post-menopausal women Slender frame Smokes cigarettes Asian, Caucasian (white) Inactive, sedentary lifestyle Excessive alcohol intake

Increased Risk: Post-menopausal women, slender frame, smokes cigarettes, asan or caucasian (whites), inactive or sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol intake. Decreased Risk: male, non-smoker, overweight or large frame, african american, participates in regular physical activity.

Mary is a 58-year-old woman who is past menopause. In the past three years, she lost 2 inches in height and broke her wrist. Based on this information, Mary's physician should test her for _____________.

Osteoporosis

Paul wants to maintain his bone mass. To help him achieve this goal, which of the following activities would be the best for him to perform?

Playing baasketball with friends for 45 minutes, every other day.

Jennifer has lost weight by following a well-balanced calorie-reduced weight loss diet plan that includes daily exercise for several months. Recently, her rate of weight loss slowed, and this week, she lost no weight, even though she has continued to follow the weight loss plan. Based on this information, Jennifer has

Reached a "plateau" because he's in energy equilibrium.

Determine whether each description describes fat-soluble or water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins that travel with fats through the blood stream. vitamins that are mostly stored in the liver and fatty tissues. vitamins A, D, E, and K. vitamins that are readily excreted from the body. vitamins that are easily lost during processing and preparation. vitamins that include the B vitamins and vitamin C

Water-souluble vitamins: vitamins that are easily lost during processing and preparation, vitamins that are readily excreted from the body, and vitamins that include the B vitamins and vitamins C. Fat-Soluble vitamins: vitamins that travel with fats through the blood stream, vitamins that are mostly stored in the liver and fatty tissues, and vitamins A, D, E, and K

Some dietary fat helps the body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including the provitamin beta-carotene. Most fruits and vegetables that are good sources of beta-carotene are low in fat or fat-free. How can you enhance the body's absorption of beta-carotene when preparing low-fat foods that contain this provitamin?

You can add olive oil or margarine to vegetables after they are cooked.

Weight gain occurs when

calorie intake exceeds energy expenditure

properties of lipids

cell membranes - phospholid vegetable oils - trans fatty acids solid at room temperature - saturated fatty acid bile and vitamin D - cholesterol oily fish - omega 3

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for

circulating blood