NFSC 131 Final

most abundant mineral in the body is:

Calcium

A patient comes in and has yellowish skin tone. He reports that he has been trying to eat better and has been making shakes with his vegetables from his garden. Which substance is he most likely getting too much of?

Carotenoids

All of the following are ways to reduce sodium in the diet EXCEPT:

Choosing canned vegetables rather than fresh vegetables.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Clinicians use growth charts to compare an infant's growth to standard growth patterns.

Which particularly lethal microorganism has been found in honey and home canned foods?

Clostridium botulinum

The HACCP system places responsibility for food safety on:

manufacturers.

Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed:

osteoporosis

What is the IBW of a woman who is 5 feet 6 inches?

130 lbs.

The recommended that athletes consume diets with the following approximate proportions:

15-20% protein, 20-25% fat, and 60% carbohydrates.

What is the IBW of a man who is 6 feet tall?

178lbs

A healthy body mass index would measure between:

18.5-24.9 18.5-24.9

The dietary guideline for Americans recommends that children spend ________ minutes per day performing an age-appropriate exercise.

60

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?

60%

What is the UBW percentage of a man who usually weighs 200 lbs. but in the last month lost 20 lbs.?

90%

Which food presents the greatest risk of food-borne illness?

A turkey thawed at room temperature

Phosphorus is essential for energy production since it is part of:

ATP

Which group is LEAST likely to suffer serious complications if food-borne illness is contracted?

Adult men

Which of the following is not an indicator of malnutrition in the DETERMINE checklist?

All are indicators of malnutrition in the DETERMINE checklist.

Which disease or debilitating condition occurring in the elderly is LEAST likely to be related to nutrition?

All of these diseases have a direct link to nutrition and/or nutritional deficiency.

Which of the following is the poorest source of iodine?

Apricots

The primary role of iodine in the body is:

As a component of the thyroid hormone

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption?

Asorbic acid

Eating raw egg whites can inhibit the absorption of ____________ because they contain avidin.

Biotin

Which is NOT a common symptom of food-borne illness?

Blindness

Which is NOT a factor in determining the rates of iron absorption and bioavailability to the body?

Blood glucose levels

Which statement about body weight and composition in older adults is FALSE?

Body fat tends to decrease as people age.

Iron is a component of the protein, ______ that binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream.

Hemoglobin

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

High sugar diet contributes to dental caries.

Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people.

Hypertension

What is an indicator used to assess malnutrition in patients/clients?

IBW%

Which statement best describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?

If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium.

Which of the following statements about flexibility is false?

Increased flexibility enhances muscle mass.

The loss of body fluid in ways not obvious or noticeable to us is called:

Insensible losses

Which of the following nutrients is most likely to be deficient in an adolescent who eats a vegetarian diet?

Iron

Which food is most appropriate for a 5-month-old infant?

Iron-fortified infant rice cereal

Which is true regarding niacin?

It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder?

It is characterized by a short attention span and a high level of activity.

Food allergies:

can result when incompletely digested proteins are absorbed through the intestine and enters the lymph and/or bloodstream.

Which is the least plentiful source of calcium?

carrots

Pesticide residue in foods may be more of a concern for young children because:

children are smaller; therefore the amount of residue tends to be greater per unit of body weight.

The nutrient needs of the elderly remain essentially the same although their energy needs decrease. Because of this, the best advice for them is to:

consume a more nutrient dense diet.

Water is involved in all of the following except:

converting lipids to amino acids

Wiping a soiled counter with a cloth, then wiping a cutting board with the same cloth is an example of:

cross-contamination.

Positively and negatively charged ions in the water (extracellularly and intracellularly) in our body are called:

electrolytes

Which is the most sensitive indicator of iron stores in the body? (Which protein stores iron?)

ferritin

Consuming adequate __________ can help to decrease dental caries.

fluoride

Too little of this mineral can cause an increase in dental cavities

fluoride

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of:

gall bladder disease

Lifting Heavy weights stresses muscle over time causing an adaptation called:

hypertrophy

The Hamwi Method is used to determine:

ideal body weight

Aging contributes to all of the following EXCEPT:

increased migraine headaches.

Being underweight:

is associated with an increased risk of early death.

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to:

light

Getting enough vitamin D may be a problem for older adults due to:

limited exposure to sunlight.

All of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis EXCEPT:

low body weight

Vitamin A is involved in which of the following:

maintaining healthy eye tissues

A major goal of pre-competition meals is to:

maximum liver glycogen stores

Which food group provides the largest amount of minerals, both major and trace minerals?

meat, dairy, beans

The adolescent growth spurt:

occurs earlier in females than males.

Autoimmune disease where the stomach lining is destroyed resulting in inadequate amounts of intrinsic factor results in which type of anemia?

pernicious anemia

The symptoms of zinc deficiency include all of the following EXCEPT:

pernicious anemia

The amount of energy needed for _________________ decreases as adults ages.

physical activity, basal metabolism, digesting and absorbing food

For exercise lasting less than one hour, the preferred drink is:

water

Meals and snacks for the elderly should include plenty of _____________ to prevent dehydration?

water

When that intake of ___________ is high, copper absorption into the blood is inhibited.

zinc

Which statement is true about the average life expectancy?

COVID reduced the average life expectancy.

Which of these is NOT a principle of HAACP?

Create a menu of food products

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy may cause ______ in the offspring.

Cretinism

The health benefits of exercise include all of the following EXCEPT:

Decreased insulin sensitivity of muscle tissues.

Which legislative action prohibits the use of any food additive that has been shown to produce cancer in animals at any dose?

Delaney Clause

Which type of calorimetry used for measuring energy expenditure quantifies heat production?

Direct

Peak bone mass in men and women is typically achieved in:

Early Adulthood

Hormone that increases the amount of calcium in the blood is calcitonin.

False

Water soluble vitamins are more likely to cause toxicity because they are excreted from the body in the urine.

False

To reduce the risk of spinal (neural) tube defects, women of childbearing age can increase their intake of:

Folic Acid

____________________ describes a condition that occurs when a person is having difficulty acquiring enough food to meet his/her needs.

Food insecurity

Weight loss surgery that consists of removing a large part of the stomach to limit the amount of food:

Gastric sleeve

The LEAST significant factor contributing to the rate of aging is:

Gender

Which of the following contributes the LEAST to differences in the way people react to food-borne pathogens?

Gender

The GRAS list was part of the 1958 Food Additives Amendment. GRAS stands for:

Generally Recognized as Safe

HACCP stands for:

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point

Which of the following groups is LEAST at risk for phosphorus deficiency or many other deficiencies?

Healthy adults

Metabolic needs are affected by all of the following EXCEPT:

Height

Which Statement about Vitamin D is correct?

It promotes the absorption of calcium across the small intestine.

Which statement about menopause is FALSE?

It slows the rate of bone breakdown.

Which organ is responsible for regulating sodium and chloride concentration in the body?

Kidneys

Which statement about the diets of American children is correct?

Most get too much saturated fat.

Pellagra is a nutrient deficiency disease that taking _______________ will improve if caught early enough.

Niacin

A child is low in iron and is started on a supplement. Which is the best food/drink option to help with absorption of the iron supplement?

Orange Juice

_________ are cells that build bone, while ______ are cells that break down bone.

Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts

According to BMI criteria, an individual with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 would be defined as:

Overweight

Inflammation of the eyes, lips, mouth, and tongue is a deficiency in which vitamin?

Riboflavin

Which of the following is an excellent source of selenium?

Salmon

Which statement about hyponatremia is false?

Severe occurrences lead to alterations in blood potassium levels eventually resulting in impaired liver function.

Which statement about childhood eating patterns is FALSE?

Since children are sensitive to strong flavors, it is better to wait until they are 8 or 9 years old to try and establish good eating habits.

Good sources of potassium include all of the following except:

Snack Crackers

Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals?

Sodium and potassium

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body?

Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular.

Which of the following is not a good source of heme iron?

Spinach

Which of the following will help prevent food-borne illnesses?

Storing food properly, Preventing cross-contamination, Thoroughly cooking hamburger, chicken and eggs

Which statement about chromium supplementation is the most accurate?

Supplementation may improve the symptoms of type II diabetes.

Which of the following would NOT enhance absorption of the iron found in supplements?

Taking it with a calcium source such as milk.

Whether an element is classified as a major or as a trace mineral is determined by:

The amounts needed daily by the body.

The term, cardiovascular endurance, refers to:

The efficiency of oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells for activity and waste removal.

Beriberi is a deficiency of which vitamin?

Thiamin

Having an altered mental status can affect nutritional status and increase malnutrition risk.

True

Infants require a Vitamin K shot within 6 hours of birth.

True

Which statement about vegetarians is FALSE?

Vegetarian diets are automatically healthy since they only contain healthy foods.

Sores in the mouth, bleeding gums, and teeth falling out would be due to which vitamin deficiency:

Vitamin C

Which vitamin is responsible for collagen production?

Vitamin C

A deficiency in which vitamin causes rickets?

Vitamin D

Which vitamin is referred to as the "sunshine vitamin"?

Vitamin D

A deficiency in this vitamin can result in hemolytic anemia:

Vitamin E

Which federal program targets pregnant and lactating women, and infants and children for nutritional food assistance and education?

Women, Infants and Children (WIC)

Iodine deficiency often causes an enlarged thyroid gland resulting in:

a goiter

A food jag is:

a period when a child will eat only one food and nothing else.

The major role of Vitamin E in the body seems to be to:

act as an antioxidant

Which statement utilizes the factors of FAT TOM?

all of these statements do Prevention methods such as drawing or the use of high concentration of salt or sugar can prevent bacteria from growing Hot food should be held at a temperature of at least 135° F while on the serving line food should not be left in the temperature danger zone for more than two hours

After 35 to 45 years of age:

bone breakdown exceeds bone formation.

As children grow, their energy and protein requirements per unit of body weight:

decrease

Basal metabolism includes all of the following body functions EXCEPT for what?

digesting and absorbing food

Most of the fluoride in the US comes from:

drinking water and toothpaste

Factors contributing to a better quality of life and better nutrition for the elderly include all of the following EXCEPT:

staying at home more due to decreased mobility.

The HACCP system uses critical control points, which are:

steps in food production processes where contamination can occur or be prevented.

Adipose tissue that is located under the skin is ____________.

subcutaneous

A food allergy involves a reaction between an allergen and:

the immune system.

Whether an activity is preferentially fueled by aerobic or anaerobic metabolism primarily depends on:

the intensity and duration of the exercise

The RDA for protein in older adults is _______, as compared to younger adults.

the same or maybe a little bit higher

Energy requirements for digestion and absorption of food that will cause a slight rise in body temperature:

thermic effect of food

Because vitamin E deficiency is a problem in premature newborns, they are routinely given formulas with Vitamin E at birth.

true