NOBCChE Science Bowl
Factor the following expression completely over the integers: a^3 - 8.
(a - 2)(a^2+2a+4)
Evaluate y = 5x2 + 4x3 + 12 (read as: 5x squared plus 4 x cubed plus 12) when x = -2.
0
Convert a pressure of 1.2 atmospheres into millimeters mercury:
912 (Solution: 1.2 atm × 760 mmHg/1 atm = 912 mmHg)
The Adams family bought a home entertainment system for $10,000.00. They paid $4,000.00 down and must pay off the balance in 12 equal payments. If the simple interest on the balance is 10% of the amount borrowed, how much is each monthly installment?
$550.00 (Solution: 10,000 - 4000 = 6000 bal; 6000 × 0.1 = 600; 6,600 ÷ 12 months = $550.00)
What are the coordinates of the vertex in the graph of the following equation: y = 4x^2 + 8x - 5
(-1, -9) (Solution: x = -b/2a = -8/2(4) = -1; y = 4(-1)^2 +8(-1) - 5 = -9)
A 25-microliter blood serum sample contains 50 micrograms of an enzyme. What is the enzyme concentration in parts per million?
2,000 (ACCEPT: 2 × 10^3) (Solution: 50 ug/0.025 ml = 2000 ug/ml = 2000 ppm)
Simplify the following, giving your answer in proper scientific notation: (6.0 × 10^12)(2.0 × 10^10)^2
2.4 × 10^33
What is the typical reported initial threshold value, in millivolts, of a human peripheral nerve axon?
-45 (ACCEPT: -50 TO -40)
Evaluate the following radical expression: 5 * sqrt (3) − 7*sqrt(5)
0
At what value of x is there a minimum for the function f(x)= x2 - 6x (read as: f of x equals x squared minus 6x)?
x = 3
Simplify the following expression: x^(1/2)x^(2/5)
x^(9/10) (ACCEPT: ^10sq rt x^9)
Given f(x) = x^2 + 2x + 3, express f(x + 1) in standard polynomial form:
x^2 + 4x + 6
Rounded to the nearest whole number, convert 3,000 meters per second into kilometers per hour:
10.800
Find the positive geometric mean between the numbers 1 and 10,000:
100 (Solution: nth = a(r)^(n-1); 10,000 = 1r^(3-1) = 100; 100 × 100 = 10,000)
How many significant figures are in the number 0.00750?
3
Rounded to the first decimal place, how many kilowatt-hours of energy are used if 10 amps flows for one day though a circuit with a resistance of 2 ohms?
4.8 (Solution: E = Wt = (10A)^2 × 2 ohms × 24 hr = 4.8 kilowatt-hours)
If the intensity of a sound is 10,000 times as loud as another sound, by how many decibels do the two sounds differ?
40
Divide the following and give your answer in scientific notation: (8E7)/(4E4)^(1/2)
4E5
Evaluate the expression, x(y + z)^2, when x = 2, y = -8; and z = 3:
50
If pure water is at its boiling point at standard pressure, how many additional calories of heat are needed to convert 1 gram of water from the liquid to the vapor state?
540
Give the resulting vector for the cross product of vector <0,0,1> with vector <1,0,0>:
<0,-1,0>
What is the scientific term for a change in velocity per unit time?
ACCELERATION
By words or numbers, name all of the following 3 functions that meiosis accomplishes: 1) reducing the copies of alleles in the ovum and sperm 2) reducing the numbers of chromosomes in the ovum and sperm 3) increasing genetic diversity through chromosomal exchange events
ALL
In the northern hemisphere, name all of the following 4 northern degree latitudes that will experience a 12-hour length of day during the vernal equinox: 0º; 10º; 15º; 20º
ALL
Name all of the following 3 groups of organisms that generate ATP by chemiosmosis (read as: chem-ee-oz-MOE-sis): Cyanobacteria; plant cells; animal cells
ALL
Name all of the following 4 organisms in which transposons (read as: trans-POE-zons) are found: humans; maize; fruit fly; bacteria
ALL
What property of a sound wave is most commonly associated with loudness?
AMPLITUDE
What property of a wave is generally said to increase during constructive interference?
AMPLITUDE
What alkene is a plant pigment that is a precursor to vitamin-A?
BETA-CAROTENE
What is the electric charge and mass of the carrier particle for the electromagnetic force?
BOTH ARE ZERO
What is the most common term for the stage of photosynthesis (read as: fōe-tōe-SIN-teh-sis) during which carbon fixation occurs?
CALVIN CYCLE
What is the most common isotope of carbon?
CARBON-12 (or C-12 or 12)
From what specific biological molecule are Barbara McClintock's transposons (read as: trans-POE-zons) made?
DNA
What is the name for the voltaic cells in which the reactants are continuously supplied to the cell and the products are continuously removed?
FUEL CELL (ACCEPT: HYDROGEN-OXYGEN FUEL CELL)
What eukaryotic cell organelle primarily functions to modify, sort, and package products for exocytosis?
GOLGI (or GOLGI APPARATUS, COMPLEX or STACK)
What kind of potential energy is stored in the reservoir behind a dam?
GRAVITATIONAL
From what amino acid is the vasodilator histamine primarily synthesized?
HISTIDINE
The following reaction between hydrogen and oxygen takes place in a closed container and at a temperature that maintains the water vapor in the gas phase: 2 H2O(g)↔ (read as: in equilibrium with) 2 H2(g) + O2(g). In one experiment, the equilibrium concentrations of the gases are as follows: [H2] = 2.0M, [O2] = 3.0M and [H2O] = 4.0M. Calculate the value of Keq for this reaction.
Keq = 0.75
What specific law of motion most directly implies that every action has an equal and opposite reaction?
NEWTON'S THIRD LAW (ACCEPT: THIRD LAW)
What gas is most directly responsible for the bends or decompression sickness that divers may experience?
NITROGEN (ACCEPT: N2)
Name all of the following 3 choices that are chemoautotrophs: Nitrosomonas (read as: nitro-so-MOAN-us) Paramecium; Volvox
NITROSOMONAS
Name all of the following 4 organelles that are bounded by a double membrane: nucleus; mitochondrion; lysosome; chloroplast
NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRION; CHLOROPLAST (ACCEPT: ALL BUT LYSOSOME)
Using proper chemical nomenclature, finish balancing the following chemical reaction. Make sure to indicate the state of each substance, such as solid, liquid, aqueous, or gas: 3NaOH(aqueous) + H3PO4(aqueous) --> what?
Na3PO4(aqueous) + 3H2O(liquid) (products in any order)
Stories have been told about opera singers breaking crystal glass by singing a certain tone loud enough. What is the most common term for the property that would account for this happening?
RESONANCE
What human gland or organ produces tri-iodothyronine (read as: TRY- I-OH-doh-THY-row-neen)?
THYROID
Which of the following is NOT generally true regarding trends for the representative elements in the Periodic Table: W) nonmetals predominate the periodic table X) metallic character increases from top to bottom Y) nonmetallic character increases from left to right Z) atomic radii increases from top to bottom
W) NONMETALS PREDOMINATE THE PERIODIC TABLE
Which of the following is the term for the transfer of genes by viruses from one prokaryote to another: W) transduction X) conjugation Y) transformation Z) relaxation
W) TRANSDUCTION
Blepharitis (read as: bleff-ah-rye-tis) in humans is an inflammation of the: W) urinary bladder X) eyelid Y) fingernail Z) tongue
X) EYELID
Which of the following is a homologous structure to a whale flipper: W) insect wing X) human arm Y) a fish operculum Z) shark fin
X) HUMAN ARM
Which of the following compounds has the lowest solubility product constant at pH 7? W) Sodium carbonate X) Iron II chloride Y) Magnesium chloride Z) Ammonium nitrate
X) IRON II CHLORIDE
Which of the following is NOT a blood vessel located in the human head or neck: W) jugular vein X) jugular artery Y) internal carotid artery Z) temporal vein
X) JUGULAR ARTERY
What is the empirical formula for C6H12O6? W) C3H4O3 X) CHO Y) CH2O Z) C6H12O6
Y) CH2O
Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen are all examples of: W) Capillary hormones X) Myocardial (read as: my-oh-KAHR-di(ah)l) antigens Y) Plasma proteins Z) White blood cells
Y) PLASMA PROTEINS
Which of the following best describes the repressor protein in the lac (read as: LACK) operon: W) uncompetitive inhibitor X) structural protein Y) regulatory protein Z) transcriptional factor
Y) REGULATORY PROTEIN
Which of the following is the highest level of structural organization in myoglobin: W) primary X) secondary Y) tertiary Z) quaternary
Y) TERTIARY
Which of the following has the largest seasonal hypoxic zone in coastal waters of the western hemisphere: W) the Chesapeake Bay X) the Gulf of Maine Y) the Gulf of Mexico Z) Hudson Bay
Y) THE GULF OF MEXICO
Which of the following is used as a white pigment in paint, paper, and plastics: W) Teflon X) zeolites Y) titanium dioxide Z) diatomaceous earth
Y) TITANIUM DIOXIDE
What are the two kinds of motion displayed by the motion of a bowling ball? W) Oscillatory and rotational X) Periodic and translational Y) Translational and rotational Z) Random and periodic
Y) TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL
Which of the following will most likely result from a single base deletion in DNA: W) nonsense mutation X) stop codon Y) frame shift mutation Z) inversion mutation
Y) frame shift mutation
Which of the following is closest to the radius of a hydrogen nucleus: W) 1 micrometer X) 1 angstrom Y) 1 picometer Z) 1 femtometer
Z) 1 FEMTOMETER
Which of the following has the lowest refractive index at STP: W) diamond X) water Y) dry air Z) a perfect vacuum
Z) A PERFECT VACUUM
Which of the following devices stores electrical energy in chemical form in order to release it slowly through a circuit? W) Inductor X) Resistor Y) Capacitor Z) Battery
Z) BATTERY
Which of the following occurs when a glass tube is rubbed with a silk cloth: W) protons are transferred from the silk to the glass tube X) protons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk Y) electrons are transferred from the silk to the glass tube Z) electrons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk
Z) ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM THE GLASS TUBE TO THE SILK
When dissociated in water, which of the following acids has its dissociation equilibrium shifted farthest to the right: W) HClO X) HClO2 Y) HClO3 Z) HClO4
Z) HClO4
Which of the following compounds is used as a fuel additive in what is commonly known as "dry-gas" by solubilizing water to reduce its contamination in gasoline: W) isooctane X) glycerol Y) MTBE Z) isopropyl alcohol
Z) ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
Which of the following is the SI unit for the product of newtons and meters: W) henry X) watt Y) erg Z) joule
Z) JOULE
L-alanine and D-alanine are BEST classified as what type of isomers: W) cis X) trans Y) structural Z) optical
Z) OPTICAL
Which of the following best describes the direction of the force on an electron moving through a magnetic field: W) opposite to the direction of the velocity X) the same direction as the velocity Y) the same direction as the magnetic field Z) perpendicular to the magnetic field
Z) PERPENDICULAR TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD
Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes? W) They catalyze most of the chemical changes that occur in a cell X) They are unchanged by the reaction they catalyze Y) They do not change the normal equilibrium position of a chemical system Z) They change the amount of product that is produced
Z) THEY CHANGE THE AMOUNT OF PRODUCT THAT IS PRODUCED
The related quantities charted on a line graph are most often called: W) results X) lines Y) sets Z) variables
Z) VARIABLES
The graph of r = 3 secant (θ) (read as: r = 3 secant theta) is a: W) parabola X) circle Y) hyperbola Z) line
Z) line
Giving your answer in standard form, give the equation of the circle with center at (0, 0) and diameter of 6:
x^2 + y^2 = 9
Of the following 5 functions identify all that are NOT differentiable for all real numbers: | x | (read as: absolute value of x); cosine(x); tangent(x); e^x; the greatest integer function
| x |; TAN(x); THE GREATEST INTEGER FUNCTION
What is the slope of a vector in standard position with an angle of 45° below the positive x axis?
-1
Given the function y = 4x - x², what are the two values of x for which the corresponding value for y is 0?
0 AND 4
In the algebra of real-valued functions, give the name or number of all of the following 3 choices that the implied domain usually excludes: 1) numbers causing division by zero 2) numbers causing imaginary numbers in the range 3) numbers causing irrational numbers in the range
1 AND 2
Giving your answer in proper scientific notation, convert 100 millimeters into kilometers:
1 x 10^-4 (DO NOT ACCEPT 10^-4)
Consider the following equilibrium reaction, PCl5(gas) ↔ PCl3(gas) + Cl2(gas). If a 2 mole sample of PCl5 dissociates to give 0.2 moles of Cl2 at equilibrium, find the molar amounts, to the 1st decimal place, of PCl5 at equilibrium:
1.8 (Solution: 2 - 0.2 = 1.8)
Find the mass of 1 mole of cuprous oxide, or Cu2O. Assume the atomic mass of copper is 64 and oxygen is 16.
144
What is the angular velocity, in radians per second, of a wheel with a radius of 250 centimeters and a surface velocity of 50 meters per second?
20 (Solution: Τ = v/r = 50m/s/2.5m = 20 rad/s)
Factor the following expression completely: 100x^2 - 25y^2
25(2x + y)(2x - y)
Find the numerical value of the geometric mean of the following 4 values: 2^1; 2^3; 2^8; 2^8
32 (DO NOT ACCEPT: 25) (Solution: 1 + 3 + 8 + 8 = 20/4 = 5; 25 = 32)
How many autosomes are in a normal nucleated human nerve cell in G-zero of the cell cycle?
44
Name the 2 different bond angles present in a molecule with octahedral geometry, such as in SF6:
90; 180
If a germ cell of a genus of grass has 48 chromosomes at metaphase-two, how many chromosomes will a germ cell of this grass have in anaphase-two?
96
For the function f(x) =1/x, what is f'(5) (read as: f prime of 5)?
-1/25 (Solution: f ' (5) = -1/5^2 = -1/25)
Assuming that the natural log of 5 = 1.6, find, to the first decimal place, the natural log of 5^(1/3):
0.5 (Solution: (1/3)(ln 5) = 1.6/3 = 0.53)
What is the wavelength, in meters, of a sound wave that has a frequency of 600 hertz and a speed in a certain medium of 360 meters per second?
0.6 (Solution: wavelength = speed/f = 360/600 = 0.6 meters)
What is the scientific term given to the shape of the E. coli bacterium?
BACILLUS (ACCEPT: ROD or BACILLI or BACILLIFORM)
The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 30 centimeters and 35 centimeters, respectively. Between what values, in centimeters, must the length of the third side lie?
BETWEEN 5 AND 65
What color are the chromophores NOT absorbing in a blue shirt?
BLUE
What specific cells of the human stomach secrete pepsinogen?
CHIEF CELLS (ACCEPT: CHIEF)
What is the MOST common term for the division of a somatic cell into 2 nucleated cells following of mitosis?
CYTOKINESIS
What general term BEST describes the use of electrical current to cause a normally non-spontaneous reaction to occur?
ELECTROLYSIS
What type of growth does y = 36 7x (read as: y equals 36 times 7 to the power of x) represent?
EXPONENTIAL
Name all of the following 4 organisms that would be considered to have radial symmetry: flatworms; cestodes; Echinoderms; sea urchins
Echinoderms; sea urchins
What technology used to transmit digital information specifically takes advantage of the property of light called total internal reflection?
FIBER OPTICS
A white-colored object illuminated by a green light will appear as what color to the human eye?
GREEN
What is the most common color for the calyx (read as: KAL-IX) of angiosperms?
GREEN
What specific cells and how many of them border each stomal pore?
GUARD CELLS; 2
What human organ produces the majority of immune complement proteins?
LIVER
In the mks system, what are the 3 fundamental units?
METERS; KILOGRAMS; SECONDS
What is the layer typically found between 2 plant cell walls of adjoining plant cells which is composed of pectin?
MIDDLE LAMELLA
What specific type of semiconductor is produced by doping silicon with arsenic?
N-TYPE
Most of the molecular oxygen in Earth's atmosphere came from what biological process?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Onions, shallots and leeks contain substances that cause our eyes to water. What element is common to the substances?
SULFUR
The primary anthropogenic cause of acid rain is the emission of what 2 gases?
SULFUR OXIDES; NITROGEN OXIDES (in any order) (ACCEPT: SULFUR DIOXIDE or SO2 AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE or NO2) (DO NOT ACCEPT: SULFURIC ACID or NITRIC ACID)
The reaction of lead oxide in the presence of what acid is fundamental to the operation of the lead-acid rechargeable battery found in most cars?
SULFURIC ACID (ACCEPT: SULFURIC or H2SO4)
What is the shape of the bonding structure of carbon in diamond?
TETRAHEDRAL
Cutaneous sensation to the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand is primarily provided by which nerve?
ULNAR
Which of the following is the most common instrument used for measuring gas pressure: W) manometer X) anemometer Y) tensitometer Z) flow-meter
W) MANOMETER
Which of the following does NOT have the electron configuration of argon: W) O2- X) Cl- Y) S2- Z) K+
W) O2- (Solution: O2- has configuration of neon)
Which of the following is not a colligative property of solutions? W) Vapor pressure elevation X) Freezing point depression Y) Boiling point elevation Z) Osmotic pressure
W) VAPOR PRESSURE ELEVATION
In what range of colors do fireflies generally emit light? W) Yellow to green X) Orange to red Y) Red to blue Z) Blue to violet
W) YELLOW TO GREEN
Which of the following would have a Widmanstätten Pattern: W) meteorite X) comet Y) planet Z) constellation
W) meteorite
According to the Standard Model of Particle Physics, through what force would the top quark decay?
WEAK FORCE (ACCEPT: WEAK or WEAK INTERACTION)
Which of the following is closest to the conversion of 900 millibars into atmospheres: W) 0.09 X) 0.9 Y) 9.0 Z) 90.0
X) 0.9
The molar heat of vaporization for water at its boiling point and in kilojoules per mole is: W) 6.01 X) 40.7 Y) 540 Z) 2,260
X) 40.7
Group 1 cations and group 7 anions combine to form: W) metal alloys X) alkali halides Y) alkaloids Z) organometallic compounds
X) ALKALI HALIDES
Ca(OH)2, NaOH, and Ba(OH)2, are all: W) weak bases X) completely ionized in water Y) alkali halides Z) standard buffers
X) COMPLETELY IONIZED IN WATER
In which of the following organ systems of the human body do chief cells primarily function: W) excretory X) digestive Y) nervous Z) reproductive
X) DIGESTIVE
A child is holding a string with a yo-yo dangling at the bottom of it. As the child yanks the string up, the tension in the string will: W) Decrease X) Increase Y) Stay the same Z) Become negative
X) INCREASE
Which of the following is the abbreviated name of the most common field effect transistor in modern electronic circuitry: W) DET X) MOSFET Y) BJT Z) BFET
X) MOSFET
With which of the following are cyclin-dependent kinases most directly involved: W) repairing damaged DNA X) regulating cell cycle Y) digesting plasmids Z) insulin's action on fat cells
X) REGULATING CELL CYCLE
The strength of the dispersion forces between two non-polar molecules increases with: W) The number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule X) The number of electrons in the molecule Y) The magnitude of the largest electronegativity of the atoms involved Z) The magnitude of the difference in electronegativity between the atoms
X) THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN THE MOLECULE
Which of the following would a Leyden jar most likely be considered: W) an electroscope X) a capacitor Y) a resistor Z) a Tesla cage
X) a capacitor
Myelination of nerves is an adaptation to: W) increase axon lifetime X) increase speed of nerve conduction Y) protect nerves from damage Z) prevent nerves from misfiring
X) increase speed of nerve conduction
Based on trends in the periodic table, which of the following elements is the least electronegative? W) Nitrogen X) Carbon Y) Beryllium Z) Oxygen
Y) BERYLLIUM
A kilowatt-hour is a unit of: W) Charge X) Power Y) Energy Z) Electric potential
Y) ENERGY
What is the MOST accurate term for predicting values of data that are located between known data points on a line graph: W) extrapolation X) extension Y) interpolation Z) cheating
Y) INTERPOLATION
Which of the following BEST describes the function of boric acid in the manufacture of Pyrex or borosilicate glass: W) makes the glass more scratch-resistant X) makes the glass more brittle Y) reduces the linear coefficient of expansion of the glass Z) reduces the effect of detrimental ultraviolet light exposure
Y) REDUCES THE LINEAR COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION OF THE GLASS
A sample of gas is heated from 300K to 500K. If the container is sealed and of fixed volume, which of the following will remain constant: W) the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules X) the average speed of the gas molecules Y) the density of the gas Z) the pressure of the gas
Y) THE DENSITY OF THE GAS
A steadily increasing force is applied to a box that remains at rest for some period of time and then begins to accelerate. Which of the following appropriately describes what happens to the frictional force during the experiment? W) The frictional force remains constant throughout the experiment X) The frictional force increases throughout the experiment Y) The frictional force increases and then suddenly drops to a lower, non-zero value Z) The frictional force increases and then suddenly drops to zero
Y) THE FRICTIONAL FORCE INCREASES AND THEN SUDDENLYDROPS TO A LOWER, NONZERO VALUE
The area under the curve of a velocity versus time graph represents: W) acceleration X) velocity Y) displacement Z) position
Y) displacement
Diatoms are: W) bacteria X) twinned crystals Y) seaweed Z) algae
Z) ALGAE
If you were to use hydrogen fuel cells in spacecraft, what kind of fuel cell type would you most likely prefer? W) Phosphoric acid X) Molten carbonate Y) Solid oxide Z) Alkaline
Z) ALKALINE
Which of the following has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 (read as: 1 s 2, 2 s 2, 2 p 6, 3 s 2, 3 p 6)? W) Sodium ion X) Chlorine Y) Neon Z) Calcium ion
Z) CALCIUM ION
Which of the following would you expect to have an electron affinity of zero: W) chlorine X) carbon Y) hydrogen Z) helium
Z) HELIUM
The process in which fat globules in milk are broken up into smaller, more evenly dispersed particles is BEST described as: W) lactation X) pasteurization Y) fermentation Z) homogenization
Z) HOMOGENIZATION
From which of the following is the cell wall of plants mostly composed: W) protein X) lipid monolayer Y) lipid bilayer Z) polysaccharide
Z) POLYSACCHARIDE
Which of the following colors of light has the most energy? W) Yellow X) Red Y) Green Z) Violet
Z) VIOLET
Which process will almost certainly result in genetic variation of offspring? W) Population dispersion X) Enzyme production Y) Cell differentiation Z) Zygote fertilization
Z) ZYGOTE FERTILIZATION
Which of the following colors of light has the greatest angle of refraction in normal glass: W) yellow X) green Y) orange Z) blue
Z) blue
Which of the following is NOT true of the Hall effect: W) it can be used to measure the strength of a magnetic field X) it is a consequence of a current carrying wire in a magnetic field Y) it was one of the first direct indications that negative charges are what move in conductors Z) it cannot distinguish between positive and negative particles
Z) it cannot distinguish between positive and negative particles
Simplify i17 (read as: i to the 17th power):
i (Solution: i^17 = i^1 = i)
Calculate ΔGº (read as: delta G naught), giving your answer in kilojoules, for a reaction in which ΔHº = +180 kilojoules and ΔSº = +100 joules per kelvin at 300 kelvin and 1 atmosphere pressure:
+150 (ACCEPT: 150) (SO NOT ACCEPT: -150) (Solution: ΔGº = ΔHº-TΔSº = 180kJ - [300K(0.10 kJ/K)] = 150 kJ)
Simplify the following rational expression by combining like terms, assuming x is not equal to 4: (x^2 -16) / (4x - x^2)
- (x-4)/x (ACCEPT: (x+4)/(-x) or (-(x-4))/x)
Solve the following inequality for x: |3 - 2x| ≤ 7 (read as: the absolute value of, 3 minus 2x, close absolute value, is less than or equal to 7)
-2 ≤ x ≤ 5 (ACCEPT: 5 ≥ x ≥ -2)
Giving your answer as a fraction reduced to lowest terms, solve the following equation for x: (2/3)x - (1/4) = (10/6)x + (1/2)
-3/4
A 10-kilogram hay bale is raised to 5 meters above a barn floor and is then lowered to 4 meters below the floor. Relative to its starting position on the floor, what is the final gravitational potential energy of the bale, in joules, if g is rounded to the first decimal place?
-392 (must give negative value) (ACCEPT: 392 JOULES LESS) (Solution: E = mgΔh = 10kg × 9.8 × (-4) = -392 joules)
What is the slope of a line perpendicular to the line given by the graph of the equation, -5x = -6y + 4
-6/5
If a particle moves from a position of x = 5 meters out to x = 200 meters and back again to x = 5 meters, what is its displacement in meters?
0
Name a real number that does not have a multiplicative inverse.
0
Consider the reaction, N2(gas) + 3H2(gas) 2NH3(gas). If the concentration of ammonia increases from 0.3 molar to 0.9 molar in a 10-minute period, find the average rate of reaction over this time interval. Give your answer to the 2nd decimal place in moles per liter minute:
0.03 (Solution: rate = Δ[NH3]/2Δt = 0.6M/2(10min) = 0.03 mole/L-min)
In a titration experiment, it takes 20.0 milliliters of a 0.05 molar barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, solution to neutralize 40 milliliters of a nitric acid, or HNO3, solution to the equivalence point. Calculate the molarity of HNO3, rounded to the second decimal place:
0.05 (Solution: 0.05 mol Ba(OH)2/L × 0.02L = 0.001 mol Ba(OH)2 × 2 = 0.002 mol; 0.002 mol ÷ 0.04L = 0.05M)
Calculate the one-atmosphere boiling point elevation, in degrees Celsius to the 2nd decimal place, for a solution made by dissolving 1 gram of solute in 0.1 kilograms of water. Assume the formula weight of the solute is 300 and the boiling point depression constant is 2.0ºC per molal..
0.07 (ACCEPT: 0.06) (Solution: moles solute = 1g/300g/mol = 0.003m; m = 0.0033 moles solute /0.1kg = 0.033m; ΔTb = Kb(m) = (2.0ºC/m)(0.033m) = 0.066ºC)
What is the molarity of a sodium hydroxide solution made by dissolving 4 grams NaOH in 250 milliliters of water?
0.4 (Solution: 4.0 g (1 mole / 40 g) = 0.1; 0.1 moles/0.250 L = 0.4 M or moles/L)
Giving your answer in kilometers per hour per second, what is the average acceleration of a truck traveling on a straight road from 10 kilometers per hour to 50 kilometers per hour in 1 minute and 20 seconds:
0.5 (Solution: 40/80 = 0.5 km/hr/sec)
Consider an astronaut on the Moon and g is exactly 1/6th of g on Earth. If he threw an object vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 1.6 meters per second, how many meters up would it be after 1 second, rounding your answer to the first decimal place?
0.8
Rounded to the nearest whole number, how many feet does light travel in one-billionth of one second?
1
How many human ova are produced by a full round of meiosis from a single primary oocyte?
1 (Solution: mammals produce 1 ovum and 3 polar bodies per primary oocyte)
Express the complex number i^8 in standard a + bi form equivalent.
1 (ACCEPT: 1 + 0i)
Solve the following equation for all real values of x: (x + 3)2 = 16
1 AND -7
Consider a hypothetical reaction, A + B C + D. At zero time, the concentration of A = 1 molar, after 30 seconds A = 0.5 molar, and after 50 seconds A = 0.3 molar. Calculate the average rate of disappearance of A over the time interval 30 seconds to 50 seconds, in molarity per second:
1 × 10-2 (ACCEPT: 0.01) (Solution: ave rate = -ΔA/Δt = (0.3 - 0.5M)/(50 - 30s) = 0.010 M/s)
For the following 3 processes, predict whether the change in enthalpy, or ΔSº (read as: delta S naught), is positive or negative, respectively: 1) decomposition of ammonium nitrate 2) sublimation of dry ice 3) condensation of gaseous iodine to liquid iodine
1) +; 2) +; 3) -
Simplify the following, giving your answer in proper scientific notation: (2.0 × 10^-6)^4
1.6 × 10^(-23)
Giving your answer to the first decimal place, an increase of 1ºC is equivalent to an increase of how many degrees Fahrenheit? ANSWER: 1.8
1.8
In one cycle of alternating current, 180º is given to the point at what fractional amount of the way through the cycle?
1/2
As a fraction in lowest terms, what is the probability of rolling 1 or 3 on a standard 6-sided die?
1/3
What is the fifth number in the geometric sequence that begins: 27, 9, 3, 1?
1/3
Given a standard deck of 52 cards, what is the probability, expressed as a fraction in lowest terms, that the first card dealt is a heart?
1/4
is the 5th term in the geometric progression whose first three terms are: 64, 16, 4
1/4 (or 0.25)
Cards numbered 1 through 10 lie on a table. If two cards are picked at random, without replacement, what is the probability, as a fraction in lowest terms, that the two cards will have values within one of each other?
1/5 (Solution: 9/(10 nCr 2) = 9/45 = 1/5)
A number is obtained by tripling an original value, then tripling that result. If the final resulting value obtained by applying the process previously described is 1, what was the original number?
1/9
Rounded to the nearest centimeter, if side A of a right triangle measures 2 centimeters and side B measures 10 centimeters, what is the length of the hypotenuse?
10 (Solution: 2^2 + 10^2 = c^2; c = 10.20 = 10)
If one of Earth's tectonic plates moves at a rate of about 10 centimeters per year, how many kilometers will it move in 100 million years?
10,000 (Solution: 10 cm/yr = 1 × 10-4 Km/yr (100,000,000 yr) = 10,000 Km)
Rounded to the nearest whole number, convert 3,000 meters per second into kilometers per hour:
10,800
What mass of sodium hydroxide, in grams, would contain 40 grams of oxygen?
100 (Solution: NaOH = 40g × 1 mol O/16 × 1 mol NaOH/1 mol O × 40g NaOH/1 mol NaOH = 100g)
What is the ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle, if the diameter of the wheel is 500 centimeters and the radius of the axle is 2.5 centimeters?
100 (Solution: mechanical advantage, radius of wheel/radius of axle = 250 cm/2.5 cm = 100)
1.0 gram of an unknown organic molecule is dissolved in 50.0 grams of benzene. Determine the molecular mass of the unknown if this solution freezes at 4.5ºC. Assume the freezing point constant of benzene is 5.0ºC per molal, and the freezing point of benzene is 5.5ºC. Give your answer to the nearest whole number in grams per mole.
100 (Solution: ΔTf = 5.5º - 4.5º = 1.0ºC; m = ΔTf/ Kf = 1.0º/5.0º = 0.2m or 0.2mol/kg; (1.0g unkn/0.05 kg benz)(1kg benz/0.2 mol unkn) = 100 g/mol)
A sample of oxygen gas is collected over water at 14ºC. Knowing that the vapor pressure of water at 14ºC is 1.6 kilopascals, and that the pressure of the resultant mixture is 120 kilopascals, find the pressure, to the first decimal place, exerted by the dry oxygen alone:
118.4 (Solution: Pdry = Pt - Pwv = 120 kPa - 1.6 kPa = 118.4 kPa)
Giving your answer in centimeters, what is the length of a side of a square whose diagonal measures 12 sqrt 2 centimeters?
12
If Jill takes three blouses, two pairs of pants, and two pairs of shoes for a weekend trip, how many different complete outfit combinations can she put together?
12
What would be the total capacitance in microfarads and total voltage of 3 four-microfarad capacitors in parallel and two 1.5 volt batteries in series in a circuit?
12 MICROFARADS AND 3 VOLTS
Factor the following expression completely: 12x^2 + 24x - 36
12(x + 3)(x - 1) (ACCEPT: 12(x - 1)(x + 3))
How many kilojoules of thermal energy, rounded to the first decimal place, must be lost from a 250-gram block of Teflon with a specific heat of 1 kilojoule per kilogram kelvin, to lower the block's temperature from 125º C to 75º C?
12.5 (ACCEPT: -12.5) (Solution: (1000 J/kg.K)(0.25 Kg)(-50K) = -12,500 joules = -12.5 kJ)
What is the area, in square feet, of a triangle whose perpendicular height is 20 feet with a base of 12 feet?
120 (Solution: A = ½ bh = ½ (12)(20) = 120 ft2)
If y varies directly as x and z, and y = 12 when x = 4 and z = 5, find y when x = 10 and z = 20:
120 (Solution: y= kxz; 12 = k(4)(5); k = 3/5; y = 3/5(10)(20) = 120)
Relative to the floor, what is the gravitational potential energy, in joules, of a 25-newton bag of beans on a shelf 5 meters above the floor?
125 (Solution: PE = 25 N × 5 m = 125 J)
Simplify the following expression by combining like terms: 12.03A - 4.03B - 0.03(A - 40)
12A - 4.03B + 1.2
Simplify the following without the use of negative exponents: (-24x^3y^5)/(10y^6z^2)
12x^3/5yz^2
What is the angle formed, in degrees, between the hour and minute hand of an analog clock at 10:30 AM?
135
A man who is 6 feet tall spots a bird at the top of a 14-foot telephone pole. If the angle of elevation from his eyes to the top of the pole is 30 degrees, then to the nearest foot, how far away is he standing from the base of the pole?
14
What is the pH of a 1 molar NaOH solution at 25ºC?
14
Giving your answer in centimeters to the first decimal place, if one leg of an isosceles right triangle is 100 centimeters long, how long is the hypotenuse?
141.4 (Solution: c = a*sqrt(2) = 100*sqrt(2) = 141.4cm)
Calculate the heating degree day in the U.S. if the day's high temperature is 70ºF and the low is 30ºF:
15 (Solution: (70º + 30º)/2 = 50º; 65º - 50º = 15 HDD)
What is the current, in amperes, for a 3600-watt electric conveyor operating on a 240-volt power source?
15 (Solution: current = watts/volts; 3600/240 = 15 amperes)
Give by name or number all of the following 4 choices that would be considered units of electrical power: 1) ampere volt; 2) joules per second; 3) watts; 4) coulombs
1; 2; 3
Name all of the following 4 choices that are characteristic of scientific publications: 1) scientific papers are peer reviewed 2) scientific papers present more detailed data 3) conclusions in scientific papers are supported by original data in the publication 4) scientific papers have data that has been proven to be true
1; 2; 3
Order the following 3 hexadecimal numbers from SMALLEST to LARGEST: 3E8; BB8; 1F4;
1F4; 3E8; BB8 (Solution: 1F4 = 500; 3E8 =1000; BB8 = 3000)
Give the electronic configuration for sulfur, located in Period 3 and Group 16 of the Periodic Table:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 (ACCEPT: [Ne] 3s2 3p4)
In standard chemical nomenclature, what is the ground-state electron configuration for fluorine?
1s^(2) 2s^(2) 2p^(5) (ACCEPT: [He]2s^(2) 2p^(5)
Boolean algebra involves ideas or subjects that have how many possible states?
2
By words or numbers, identify all of the following 4 choices that MUST be true for 2 objects in thermal equilibrium: 1) they both must radiate no energy in any direction 2) they must be at the same temperature 3) they both must have the same thermal expansion coefficients 4) they must have the same internal energy
2
For every carbon dioxide molecule fixed in the Calvin-Benson cycle, how many NADPH molecules are utilized?
2
How many embryonic seed leaves does a bean seedling have?
2
If y = p(x) and y = q(x) are two cubic polynomial functions that have the same leading coefficient, what is the maximum possible number of intersections of their graphs?
2
In the electrolysis of water, if the production of each molecule of oxygen requires 4 units of electricity, each hydrogen molecule will require how many units of electricity?
2
Organisms that have radial symmetry and belong to the Radiata typically have how many germ layers?
2
What is the potential difference in volts between two points, located 2 meters apart, in a constant electric field of 1 volt per meter?
2
When the discriminant of a quadratic function ax2 + bx + c = 0 is greater than 0, how many x intercepts does the graph have?
2
In angiosperm seed development, what fuses with the second sperm nucleus to form the endosperm?
2 POLAR NUCLEI (ACCEPT: 2 OR BOTH POLAR NUCLEI or POLAR NUCLEI) (DO NOT ACCEPT: POLAR NUCLEUS)
Rounded to the nearest hundred joules, how much work is done in pulling a sled across a pond for 3 meters with 100 newtons of force, with a rope that makes a 45º angle with the pond?
200 (Solution: w = F × d × cos angle = 100N × 3 m × 0.7071 = 212.13)
Element number 19 has an isotope named potassium-40. How many neutrons does this isotope contain?
21
Knowing that the chemical name for gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, gypsum is what percent water by weight? Assume the atomic masses of calcium = 40; sulfur = 32 and oxygen = 16.
21 (Solution: CaSO4•2H2O)
Multiply the following complex numbers, giving your answer in standard a + bi form: (6 + 3i)(4 + i)
21 + 18i
How many grams of KCl, with a molar mass of 75, are needed to make 1 liter of a 3 molar solution?
225 (Solution: 1 L × (3.0 mol/L)(75 g/mol) = 225 g)
What is the degree measure of the angle formed by 2 secants intersecting outside a circle if the measures of the intercepted arcs are 80º and 34º?
23 (Solution: ½(80º - 34º) = 23º)
Rounding g to the first decimal place, how many newtons are required to keep a 120-kilogram sled moving at a constant velocity across a pond if there is a frictional coefficient of 0.20 between the sled and the pond's surface? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
235 (Solution: 0.2 × 120 kg × 9.8m/s2 = 235.2 N)
Find the area, in square centimeters, of a rhombus with a diagonal of 6 centimeters and a side of 5 centimeters:
24 (Solution: A = ½ d1d2 = ½ (6)(8) = 24 cm2, (3:4:5 triangle))
Subtract the following 2 numbers and give your answer with the proper significant figures: 25.101 - 0.9608
24.140
What is the least common multiple of the following 4 numbers: 12, 15, 16, 20
240
A physician orders 0.1 gram of a drug be administered to a patient. If it is only available as 20 milligrams per 5 milliliters, how many milliliters needs to be administered?
25 (Solution: (100mg/20mg)(5mL) = 25 mL)
What is the wavelength, in meters, of a wave moving at 500 meters per second if its frequency is 20 Hertz?
25 (Solution: λ = wave speed/f; 500/20 = 25 m)
If four numbers have an arithmetic mean of 20, and three of the numbers are 17, 18, and 19, what is the fourth number?
26
To the nearest whole number, convert 50ºF into kelvin:
283 (Solution: 5/9(50º - 32º) = 10º C + 273 = 283 K)
An object is launched straight up from the ground with an initial velocity of 176 feet per second. What is the height of the object above the ground, in feet, 2 seconds into the flight?
288 (Solution: P(t) = -16t^2 + 176t; P(2) = -16(4) + 352 = 288 ft)
Find the following product, giving your answer in standard form: (4x^3 + x)(7x^3 + 4x^2)
28x^6 + 16x^5 + 7x^4 + 4x^3 (ACCEPT: x^3(28x^3 + 16x^2 + 7x + 4))
In the electrolysis of water, if a very small amount of sodium sulfate is added to the water, give the equation for the half reaction that occurs at the ANODE. Make sure to indicate proper charges and the state of each substance, such as solid, liquid, aqueous, or gas:
2H2O(liquid) --> O2(gas) + 4H+(aqueous) + 4e-
In what quadrant does θ (read as: theta) terminate if sine θ is positive and secant θ is negative?
2nd (ACCEPT: 2)
What is the perimeter of a sector of angle π/3 radians in a circle with circumference 2π2? Provide your answer in simplest form in terms of π.
2π+ π2/3 (ACCEPT:6π+π2/3 )
The Lewis dot structure for the N+2 ion would show how many dots?
3
What is the bond order between the 2 carbon atoms in acetylene?
3
What is the smaller of two integers whose sum is 19 and whose product is 48?
3 (Solution: 16 + 3 = 19; 16 × 3 = 48)
Tim hears water dripping from a faucet while trying to take a nap. If he counts 20 drops in one minute, what is the period of the drops, in seconds?
3 (Solution: t = 60s/20drops = 3 sec)
How many joules are in a single watt-hour?
3,600 (Solution: (1 joule per second)(60 sec)(60 minutes) = 3600 J)
Find the measure of angle C in degrees in triangle ABC with sides equal to the following: AB = 15 centimeters, AC = 15√3 centimeters, and BC = 30 centimeters.
30
It takes 20 minutes for Janis to prepare lunch. When Kristen helps, it only takes 12 minutes. How many minutes would it take Kristen to prepare the same lunch if she worked alone?
30 (Solution: 12/20 + 12/x = 1, x = 30 min)
Under constant temperatures, a sample of gas at a pressure of 120 kilopascals is allowed to expand from 2 liters to 8 liters. Calculate the new pressure, in kilopascals:
30 (Solution: P1V1 = P2V2; (120 kPa)(2L) = (P2)(8L); = 30 kPa)
Given that the speed of sound at 0ºC at sea level in dry air is 331 meters per second, what is the speed of sound through dry air at sea level, giving your answer in proper SI units rounded to the nearest whole number, if the temperature of the air is 12°C?
338 METERS PER SECOND (must give units) (Solution: 0.6 × 12 + 331 = 338.2 m/s)
Evaluate the following expression when a = 1/3, b = 4, c = -1, and d = -5: 2[3a - (b + c) - 4d]
36
If you roll a standard 6-sided die 2 times, how many different outcomes are possible?
36
Giving your answer in meters squared, find the total surface area of a right prism whose base is a right triangle with legs of length 3 meters and 4 meters and whose altitude is 2 meters:
36 (Solution: 3:4:5; Pbase = 3+4+5 = 12m; A = ½bh = 6 m^2; TA = LA + 2B = (12)(2) + 2(6) = 36 m^2)
In degrees Celsius to the nearest whole number, what is the normal core body temperature of a human being?
37
AB and CD are parallel line segments intersected by the line segment EF. Endpoint E lies on AB, and endpoint F lies on CD. If angle CEF is 18° and angle CFE is 125°, what is the measure of angle AEC?
37°
How many joules of energy are used by an electrical appliance operating on 8 amps of current flowing through a 20-ohm resistance circuit for 5 minutes?
384,000 (Solution: E = I^2 R × T = (8A)^2 × 20 ohms × 300 s = 384,000 joules)
Arrange the following 4 radicals in order of increasing value: 6sqrt12; 6sqrt63; 3sqrt2; 4sqrt8
3sqrt2; 6sqrt12; 4sqrt8; 6sqrt63
What is the greatest common factor of the terms in the expression 3x5y2 + 6x3y5 (read as: 3 x to the fifth y squared plus 6 x cubed y to the fifth)?
3x3y 2
Giving your answer in simplest radical form, rationalize the denominator of the following expression: -3√2 / (3√-√5)
3√6 + 3√10 / 2 ( ACCEPT: 3/2(√6 +√10))
How many quantum numbers are required to completely describe a specific electron in a multi-electron atom?
4
How many parts per million of arsenic are in a 2-gram water sample if it contains 8.0 micrograms of arsenic?
4 (Solution: 8 × 10^-6g/2g = 4 × 10^-6g = 4 ppm)
Solve the following equation for x: -2|3 + (x/2)| = -10 (read as: negative 2 times the absolute value of 3 plus, open parenthesis, x divided by 2, close parenthesis, close absolute value, equals negative 10)
4 AND -16
Consider a satellite that is a uniform sphere rotating about its axis. What is its moment of inertia, giving your answer in scientific notation and in kilogram meters squared, if it has a mass of 10,000 kilograms and a diameter of 200 meters?
4 × 10^7 (Solution: I = (2/5)(10,000 Kg)(100m)2 = 40,000,000 kg.m2)
Consider a planet where g equals 5.0 meters per second squared. Ignoring friction, if an object started from rest, how far would it fall vertically off a cliff in 4.0 seconds, giving your answer in standard SI units?
40 METERS (must give units) (Solution: d = ½ × at^2 = ½ × 5× 4^2 = 40 meters)
An ichthyologist wants to know the fish population of a pond. She catches 60 fish, tags them, and releases them. Two weeks later, she catches 50 fish and 7 of them have tags. Based on the data, what is the best estimate of the fish population of the pond? Round your answer to the nearest hundred.
400
One-half of a number added to one third of the same number is 68 less than the number. What is the number?
408 (Solution: x/2 + x/3 = x - 68; x = 408)
Calculate the enthalpy of vaporization, in kilojoules, of water at 25ºC and 1 atmosphere. Assume the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid water is -286 kilojoules and the standard enthalpy of formation of water gas is -242 kilojoules:
44 (Solution: ΔH°reaction = ΣnpΔHf°(products) - ΣnrΔHf°(reactants) = [-242 - (-286) = +44.0 kJ)
Find the area, in centimeters squared and in simplest radical form, of a regular or equilateral triangle whose circumcircle has a radius of 8 centimeters:
483 (Solution: apothem = 4; perimeter = (8√3)(3); A = ½(4)(24√3)=48√3 cm^2
Bethany and Charlene are 7 years apart in age. In two years, Charlene will be twice Bethany's age. What is Bethany's current age?
5
What is the mass, in kilograms, of a 5-kilogram rock on a planet with a gravitational acceleration one-half that of the Earth's?
5
What is the total resistance, in ohms, of two resistors in parallel when both are 10 ohm resistors?
5
There are 10 people on a bus who, when ranked from youngest to oldest, all differ from those on the bus closest in age to them by the same number of years. If the youngest is 6 and the oldest is 51, what is the common difference in their age?
5 (Solution: 6-11-16-21-26-31-36-41-46-51)
How many milliliters of a 0.250 molar H2SO4 solution will react with 10 milliliters of a 0.250 molar NaOH solution
5 (Solution: NH2SO4 = (2eq/mol)(0.250 mol/L) = 0.5 eq/L; NNaOH = 0.250 eq/L; (NH2SO4)(VH2SO4) = (NnaOH)(VNaOH); (0.5 meq/ml)(x) = (0.25 meq/ml)(10 ml) = 5 ml)
Solve the following equation for x: - 3|x| = -15 (read as: minus 3 times the absolute value of x equals minus 15)
5 AND -5
Giving your answer in inches and in simplest radical form, if the hypotenuse of a 45-45-90º triangle is 10 inches, find the length of the other sides:
5 sqrt 2 (ACCEPT: BOTH 5sqrt 2)
Give the numerical value for the number of different orders in which 7 people can line up at a cash register?
5,040
Debbie pushes a 10-kilogram box of books with a horizontal force of 500 newtons. What is the acceleration of the box, giving your answer in standard SI units, if friction is neglected?
50 METERS PER SECOND SQUARED (ACCEPT: 50 METERS PER SECOND PER SECOND) (Solution: A = F/M; A = 500/10; A = 50m/sec2)
How many turns of wire should a solenoid have if you wish the magnetic field inside the solenoid to be 5 times as great as that of a solenoid with 100 turns of wire, if both have the same length and current?
500
Give the measure of angle (read as: theta), if 0 ≤ Θ≤ 2π, sinΘ =1/2 and cosΘ =-√3/2 .
5π/6
If the speed of sound in a certain medium is 360 meters per second, what is the wavelength, in meters, of a sound-wave that has a frequency of 60 hertz?
6 (Solution: wavelength = speed/f; = 360/60 = 6 meters)
What is the oxidation number of chromium in the chromate ion, or CrO42-?
6 (ACCEPT: +6) (DO NOT ACCEPT: -6)
Find 2 mean proportionals between the numbers 3 and 24:
6 AND 12 (Solution: 3r^3 = 24, r = 2)
In a circle with diameter AB, if the radius is 6 centimeters, find the length in centimeters, giving your answer in terms of π, of the arc AB:
6π (Solution: AB = ½(2πr) = 6π cm)
To the nearest whole number, how many grams of Na2SO4, whose formula weight is 142, are needed to prepare a 500 milliliter 0.100 molar solution?
7 (Solution: (0.5L)(0.1 mol/L) = 0.05 mol (142 g/mol) = 7.1 g)
If the area of a regular pentagon is 280 square centimeters, what is the length, in centimeters, of each side if the apothem is 16 centimeters?
7 (Solution: A = ½ ap; 280 = ½ (16)(p); p = 35/5 = 7 cm)
What is the pH of a solution with a pOH of 6.8 at 25ºC?
7.2
Give the median for the following data set: 1, 2, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
7.5
How many different letter arrangements are possible with the six letters in the word 'SECOND'?
720 (Solution: 6! = 720)
Giving your answer in millimeters squared, find the lateral surface area of a right pentagonal prism whose altitude is 12 millimeters and base has sides of length 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 millimeters, respectively:
720 (Solution: LA = (P)(h) = (8+10+12+14+16)(12) = 720 mm^2)
A flagpole casts a 100-foot long shadow. If a 6-foot tall person standing at the base of the pole casts an 8-foot shadow, how many feet tall is the flagpole?
75 (Solution: (100 × 6)/8 = 75 ft)
Find the sum of every odd integer between 5 and 55, inclusive.
780
Using g rounded to the first decimal place, how much does an 80-kilogram person weigh on Earth, giving your answer in proper SI units?
784 NEWTONS (must give units)
Consider the following equilibrium reaction, PCl5(gas) ↔ PCl3(gas) + Cl2(gas). If a 1-liter flask contains 0.02 moles of PCl3 and 0.02 moles of Cl2 at equilibrium, how many moles of PCl5 are in the flask. Assume the equilibrium constant is 5 × 10-2.
8 × 10-3 (ACCEPT: 0.008) (Solution: Kc = [PCl3][Cl2]/[PCl5] = (0.02)(0.02)/(0.05) = 0.008 moles)
Order the following 3 temperature values from the COOLEST to the WARMEST: 32ºC; 85ºF; 310 K
85ºF; 32ºC; 310 K
Using proper chemical nomenclature, finish balancing the following combustion reaction for the gaseous products of carbon dioxide and water: 2C4H10(gas) + 13O2(gas) --> what?
8CO2 + 10H2O (products in any order)
What is the atomic number for the ground state element with the following electron configuration: 1s22s22p5 (read as: 1, s, 2; 2, s, 2; 2, p, 5)
9
If a satellite moving in a circular orbit is raised to another circular orbit 3-times as far from the Earth's center and where the kinetic energy of the satellite is 3-times less, by what factor does the centripetal force on the satellite decrease?
9 (Solution: F = mv^2/R, numerator times 1/3, denominator times 3; or use Newton's law of universal gravitation, F proportional to 1/R^2)
A circle has a diameter of 32 meters. Find the degree measure of the central angle of a sector of the circle if its arc length measures 8π meters:
90 (Solution: arc/circumference = nº/360º; n = 90º or (8π/2π16)(360º) = 90º)
Giving your answers in terms of π and in inches squared, find the total surface area of a closed right circular cone whose altitude is 8 inches and radius is 6 inches:
96π (Solution: l62 = 862 + 6^2, l = 10 in; LSA = πrl = π(6)(10) = 60π; SA = LA + B = 60π + π(6)^2 = 96π in^2)
Giving your answer in terms of π and in inches, what is the arc-length of a semi-circle whose diameter is 18 inches?
9π (Solution: C = πd; ½(18π) = 9π)
What is the generic name for the trade-named drug Tylenol?
ACETAMINOPHEN
Name all of the following 3 transport systems that directly require energy to operate: active transport; facilitated diffusion; sodium potassium pump
ACTIVE TRANSPORT; SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP (ACCEPT: ALL BUT FACILITATED DIFFUSION)
Most corticosteroids are synthesized in what specific part of the human body?
ADRENAL CORTEX (ACCEPT: ADRENAL GLANDS)
By words or number, name all of the following 3 statements that are TRUE for the function, f(x) = -3x2 - 2x - 2 = 0: 1) there are no real zeros 2) the graph is a parabola opening downward 3) the graph has no x-intercepts
ALL
Intestinal absorption of what vitamin is most directly dependent on intrinsic factor?
B12
What is the most common term for the form of protection when a non-poisonous frog has the same appearance as a poisonous frog?
BATESIAN MIMICRY (ACCEPT: MIMICRY or WARNING MIMICRY) (DO NOT ACCEPT: MULLERIAN MIMICRY)
Consider triangle ABC, where the measure of angle A = 20º, B =117º, and C = 43º. Arrange the 3 sides in order of increasing length:
BC; AB; AC (Solution: the longer side is opposite the greater angle)
Identify the scientist who proposed the existence of energy levels for the electrons in an atom.
BOHR
In what part of photosynthesis, named after its discoverers, is NADPH used to produce 3-carbon sugar phosphate molecules?
CALVIN CYCLE (ACCEPT: CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE or CALVIN-BENSON-BASSHAM CYCLE)
Simplify the following rational expression: (5y - 3x^2) / (9y^2 + 5x)
CANNOT BE FURTHER SIMPLIFIED (ACCEPT: (5y - 3x^2) / (9y^2 + 5x) or THE SAME)
What is the most common name for the edible vegetable oil that is derived from cultivars of rapeseed plants and is low in erucic acid?
CANOLA OIL (ACCEPT: CANOLA)
What is the MOST common name for the electrical device often made of two parallel conducting plates separated by a paper insulator all rolled into a cylinder to function in storing electrical energy?
CAPACITOR
What element is central to synthetic chemistry because of the unique ability of its atoms to bind to one another with single, double and triple bonds and form chains, branches and rings of varying sizes?
CARBON
In the combustion of methane, if the supply of oxygen is somewhat insufficient, what colorless, odorless and poisonous gas is produced?
CARBON MONOXIDE (or CO)
If one end of a single polypeptide chain has an amino group exposed, what functional group is typically exposed at the opposite end?
CARBOXYL
What is the general name for a substance that facilitates a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy while remaining unaltered?
CATALYST
In electrochemical cells, what is the most common term for the electrode that acts as the negative electrode?
CATHODE
What is the most common name for the conformation that the ring structure of cyclohexane adopts to reach a strain-free value?
CHAIR
What is the common name for the 27-carbon lipid whose synthesis is in part regulated by HMG CoA (read as: H, M, G, koh, A) reductase and is the basic starting point for estrogen synthesis?
CHOLESTEROL
Give the systematic chemical name for the following ionic compound: Cr2(SeO4)3
CHROMIUM(III) SELENATE
Identify the type of conic section represented by the equation, x2 + y2 + 10y + 16 = 0:
CIRCLE (Solution: x2 + (y + 5)2 = 9)
Identify the type of conic section represented by the equation, x^2 + y^2 + 10y + 16 = 0:
CIRCLE (Solution: x^ + (y + 5)^2 = 9)
Name all of the following 4 organisms that are bivalves: clam; oyster; mussel; snail
CLAM; OYSTER; MUSSEL
What is the name of the instrument invented by Charles Wilson and used in the early 1900's in many experiments to show the tracks of charged particles passing through a chamber?
CLOUD CHAMBER (ACCEPT: WILSON CLOUD CHAMBER)
From what protein is gelatin, which is used as a food additive, most commonly derived?
COLLAGEN
Which one of the basic 3 plant cell types has irregularly thickened cell walls, retains its cytoplasm, and functions in structural support?
COLLENCHYMA
What term BEST describes 2 angles with 90º as the sum of their measurements?
COMPLEMENTARY
Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov performed a famous experiment where he rang a bell before giving meat powder to dogs, which caused them to salivate. After a time, the dogs would salivate at the sound of the bell alone. What type of learned behavior is this?
CONDITIONED RESPONSE (ACCEPT: CONDITIONING)
In triboelectric charging, when one object loses electrons, the object that accepts the charges acquires the same number of charges that the other object has lost. What law most directly governs this equal exchange?
CONSERVATION OF CHARGE
Female mosquitoes and vampire bats are both sanguivores. This trait in bats and mosquitoes is an example of what type of evolution?
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
What general type of bonding is found in molecules in which electrons are shared by nuclei?
COVALENT
Name all of the following 4 plants that produce seeds: cycads; ferns; mosses; conifers
CYCADS; CONIFERS
What is the most common name for the first membrane-associated molecule discovered to function in a wide variety of cells in what is commonly referred to as a second messenger?
CYCLIC AMP (ACCEPT: cAMP)
Of the following 5 alkanes, which one has the LEAST combined strain energy from angle strain and torsional strain: [read slowly] cyclopropane; cyclobutane; cyclopentane; cyclohexane; cyclo-octane
CYCLOHEXANE
The standard heat of formation of calcium oxide is -635.5 kilojoules per mole. What is the complete, balanced equation for the formation of calcium oxide, including the energy value?
Ca(s) + ½ O2(g)→CaO(S) + 635.5 kJ (read as: Ca solid plus one half O2 gas yields CaO solid plus 635.5 kilojoules) ALSO ACCEPT: 2Ca(s) + O(2)(g) → 2CaO(s) + 1271 kJ (NOTE: STUDENTS MUST INDICATE SOLID AND GAS)
Name all of the following 4 plants that have their seeds typically dispersed by wind: dandelion; milkweed; maize; lupine
DANDELION; MILKWEED
What is the MOST common term for the behavior of light where it appears to bend around small obstacles or the spreading out of waves as light passes through pinholes or slits?
DIFFRACTION
What is the process by which particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, not requiring cellular energy?
DIFFUSION
Most shelled organisms in the ocean make their shells out of calcium carbonate. What effect would increasing ocean acidity have on the shells of these organisms?
DISSOLVE/CORRODE THEIR SHELLS
What is the MOST common method for separating a mixture of liquids based on the differences in component volatilities?
DISTILLATION (or: FRACTIONAL or SIMPLE DISTILLATION)
What enzyme in E. coli functions as the primary proof-reading molecule during replication?
DNA POLYMERASE (ACCEPT: DNA POLYMERASE 3)
What is the most common name of the protein that synthesizes DNA?
DNA POLYMERASE (ACCEPT: POLYMERASE)
What is the general term for the process of making different types of semiconductors by adding slight amounts of impurities into the silicon matrix?
DOPING
What is the term for the process of the addition of small amounts of certain elements that makes semiconductors become useful electronic materials?
DOPING
If a car is accelerating along a road, what force due to the air does the frictional force have to oppose?
DRAG
What is the anatomical term for the specific section of the small intestine into which the pancreatic duct delivers its digestive enzymes?
DUODENUM
What section of the small intestine is the first to receive gastric contents?
DUODENUM
What is the process by which electricity is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen?
ELECTROLYSIS
Which of the 4 basic forces of the universe is most directly related to the ability of various metals to be hammered and formed into various shapes?
ELECTROMAGNETIC (FORCE)
What lepton was the first to be discovered?
ELECTRON
Name all the leptons that are produced during beta minus decay?
ELECTRONS AND ANTINEUTRINOS (ACCEPT: ELECTRON ANTINEUTRINO FOR NEUTRINO)
Two or more structures are said to be homologous if they are alike because of shared ancestry. Ovaries and testes share a developmental ancestry, meaning that the structures arose from the same tissue in what physical stage of human life?
EMBRYO
Name all of the following 5 organs in the human body that are NOT typically considered part of the respiratory system: nose; bronchi; pharynx; esophagus; cervix
ESOPHAGUS; CERVIX
Name all of the following 3 molecules that are considered saturated hydrocarbons: ethylene; ethane; cyclohexane
ETHANE; CYCLOHEXANE
HDPE is a tough plastic often used for the manufacture of toys. What monomer is the primary repeating unit in this polymer?
ETHYLENE (ACCEPT: ETHENE)
What 2 simple alkenes (read as: al-KEENS) are the two most important organic industrial chemicals?
ETHYLENE; PROPYLENE (ACCEPT: ETHENE; PROPENE)
What are the 2 alkenes (read as: al-KEENS) with the shortest carbon chains and lowest molecular weights?
ETHYLENE; PROPYLENE (ACCEPT: ETHENE; PROPENE)
Name all of the following 4 processes where latent heat is absorbed: evaporation; condensation; water melts; water freezes
EVAPORATION; WATER MELTS
When air in a closed system is heated, what does it do?
EXPANDS (ACCEPT: RISES)
What is the most common name for the Law or principal dictating that the amount of a substance that is released or deposited from an electrode is directly proportional to the amount of electric current passing through the circuit?
FARADAY'S FIRST LAW OF ELECTROLYSIS (ACCEPT: FARADAY'S FIRST LAW or FARADAY'S LAW OF ELECTROLYSIS)
What are the frequencies of the first and second overtones, respectively, for a string vibrating at a fundamental frequency of 440 hertz?
FIRST = 880; SECOND = 1320
In the cell, this structure is composed of numerous sets of smooth cisternae, forming a structure that looks like a stack of plates. Within the structure, vesicles are used to send molecules to the cellular membrane. What structure is this?
GOLGI APPARATUS (ACCEPT: GOLGI COMPLEX)
Short Answer Name all of the following 4 choices that are characteristic of E. coli: gram negative; an enteric organism; non-motile; bacillus
GRAM NEGATIVE; AN ENTERIC ORGANISM; BACILLUS (ACCEPT: ALL BUT NON-MOTILE)
What is the most common name for the field, which is believed to act somewhat like a fluid that fills space and endows quarks with mass?
HIGGS FIELD (ACCEPT: HIGGS)
What is the molecular formula for the conjugate acid of the following Brønsted-Lowry base: SO42-
HSO4-
Arrange the following 4 substances in order of increasing pH: orange juice; human gastric juice; blood; aqueous ammonia
HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE; ORANGE JUICE; BLOOD; AQUEOUS AMMONIA
Name all of the following 4 animals for which L-ascorbate is an essential nutrient: humans; dogs; cats; horses
HUMANS
What is the sling psychrometer used to measure?
HUMIDITY (ACCEPT: RELATIVE HUMIDITY; AMBIENT HUMIDITY)
Order the following 3 isotopes from the one with the LOWEST nuclear binding energy to the HIGHEST: iron-58; hydrogen-2; oxygen-16
HYDROGEN-2; OXYGEN-16; IRON-58
The conversion of olein, a liquid oil, into stearin, a solid fat, by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst and high heat is commonly known as what type of reaction?
HYDROGENATION
Identify the type of conic section represented by the equation, x^2 - 16y^2 = 64:
HYPERBOLA
How does the center of mass of an object change when going from a 1 g to a 0 g environment?
IT DOES NOT CHANGE
What specific class of antibodies is most commonly responsible for degranulation of basophils or mast cells?
IgE (ACCEPT: IMMUNOLGLOBULIN E)
What is the most plentiful class of immunoglobulins in human plasma?
IgG (ACCEPT: G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN G)
What is the common name for the joint that is formed by the articulation of the tibia, the fibula, and the femur?
KNEE
Of the following group of 4 cations, which are the LARGEST and SMALLEST ions, respectively: K+; Na+; Rb+; Li+
LARGEST = Rb+; SMALLEST = Li+ (ACCEPT: RUBIDIUM AND LITHIUM)
Name all of the following 5 muscles that are NOT part of the human rotator cuff: supraspinatus; infraspinatus; subscapularis; teres minor; latissimus dorsi
LATISSIMUS DORSI
In the radioactive decay scheme of uranium, what is the final stable element produced?
LEAD
What are the leading coefficient and degree, respectively, of the following polynomial: 3x^2 - 6x^5 + 7
LEADING COEFFICIENT = -6; DEGREE = 5
Giving your answer as up, down, left, or right, the graph of the equation x = 5y - 8y2 - 1 opens in what direction?
LEFT
Find the length and width in meters of a rectangle with perimeter of 200 meters and maximum possible area.
LENGTH AND WIDTH = 50
Kent holds up a potato at dinner and announces to his family that the spud is actually made up of cells with lots of large organelles that contain the carbohydrates stored by the plant. What are these organelles called?
LEUCOPLASTS
Although not known as such at the time, what was the first form of spectacular electric discharge seen by humans?
LIGHTNING
Billions of tiny ice crystals rub together to produce electron imbalances within storm clouds. What do we see when electrons arc to another cloud or to the ground?
LIGHTNING
Name all of the following 4 diseases that are caused by viruses: measles; AIDS; tuberculosis; leprosy
MEASLES; AIDS
A wind energy system first converts the kinetic energy of the wind into what type of energy?
MECHANICAL
Arrange the following 3 liquids in order of DECREASING surface tension at 20ºC: water; ethanol; mercury
MERCURY; WATER; ETHANOL
What simple alcohol is commercially produced by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas under pressure and heat and in the presence of a catalyst?
METHANOL (ACCEPT: CH3OH or METHYL ALCOHOL or WOOD ALCOHOL) (Solution: CO + 2H2 --> CH3OH)
What chemical term is given to the formations that occur in water when a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail organize into spheres that orient the tails within the sphere?
MICELLE
In what specific part of a eukaryotic cell will pyruvate be converted into acetyl Co-enzyme A?
MITOCHONDRION (ACCEPT: MITOCHONDRIA)
Name the process in which a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
MITOSIS (ACCEPT: CYTOKINESIS)
What reduced coenzyme donates its electrons to complex-one in the electron transport system?
NADH
Beadle and Tatum primarily used what organism to show that mutations in a single gene caused disruptions in metabolic pathways because of the lack of a single enzyme?
NEUROSPORA (ACCEPT: BREAD MOLD or NEUROSPORA CRASSA)
What are the Ice Cube observatory under construction at the South Pole and the ANTARES telescope off the coast of France primarily designed to detect?
NEUTRINOS
During beta minus decay, what nucleon type is reduced by one?
NEUTRON
How many neutrons and how many protons are present in a single oxygen-15 nucleus, respectively?
NEUTRONS = 7; PROTONS = 8
Name all of the following 4 cells that are leukocytes: neutrophil; basophil; melanocyte; macrophage
NEUTROPHIL; BASOPHIL
In general, metals are relatively hard except for what group of metals in the Periodic Table?
ONE (ACCEPT: GROUP 1A or ALKALI METALS)
What cell type is MOST directly responsible for secreting the bone matrix in developing humans?
OSTEOBLASTS (DO NOT ACCEPT: OSTEOCYTE)
Name the elements in the following reaction that have been oxidized and reduced, respectively: Zn(solid) + CuSO4(aqueous) ZnSO4(aqueous) + Cu(solid)
OXIDIZED = Zn (ACCEPT: ZINC); REDUCED = Cu (ACCEPT: COPPER)
During photorespiration, the plant enzyme RuBisCO (read as: rue-BIS-ko) will bind what molecular substance rather than carbon dioxide?
OXYGEN (ACCEPT: O2)
In addition to iron, what 2 substances must be present for iron to rust?
OXYGEN; WATER (ACCEPT: O2, H2O)
When emissions of nitrogen oxides and VOC's react in the presence of sunlight, what ground-level pollutant is formed?
OZONE (ACCEPT: O3)
What is the biological term most often used for the act of a cell engulfing a particle by extending its pseudopodia (read as: SU-doe-POH-dee-ah) around the particle?
PHAGOCYTOSIS
What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical characteristics of an organism caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?
PHENOTYPE
What is the general biological term for organisms that synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules using light as an energy source?
PHOTOAUTOTROPHS (ACCEPT: PHOTOTROPHS)
Name all of the following 3 processes that do NOT occur in E. coli: glycolysis; photosynthesis; glycogenolysis (read as: GLYKO-jen-oh-LY-sis)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Using the traditional system of classification, when organisms belong to the same class, name all of the following 4 taxonomic categories to which they must also belong: order; family; phylum; kingdom
PHYLUM; KINGDOM
Name all of the following 4 cells that typically possess mitochondria: erythrocytes; plasma cells; lymphocytes; neurons
PLASMA CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; NEURONS (ACCEPT: ALL BUT ERYTHROCYTES)
If the electronegativity difference in the bonding atoms is intermediate in strength, what general type of bond is typically formed?
POLAR COVALENT (DO NOT ACCEPT: COVALENT)
What is the most common name for the micro-gametophyte in flowering plants?
POLLEN (ACCEPT: POLLEN GRAINS)
In an electrolytic cell, what is the sign of the charge associated with the anode?
POSITIVE (ACCEPT: PLUS)
What are the names for positive and negative ions, respectively?
POSITIVE = CATIONS; NEGATIVE = ANIONS
The fertilizer potash provides plants with what element necessary for healthy growth and which is also the seventh most abundant element on Earth?
POTASSIUM (ACCEPT: K)
During what phase of meiosis-one do homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information?
PROPHASE-ONE (ACCEPT: PROPHASE)
Name all of the following 4 choices that are typically considered human autoimmune dysfunctions: Rheumatoid arthritis; Lupus; shingles; Down's syndrome
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; LUPUS
What is the common name for the units in DNA to which phosphates are covalently linked?
RIBOSE SUGARS (ACCEPT: PENTOSE SUGARS or SUGARS or DEOXYRIBOSE SUGARS)
Order the following 4 objects found in the human body from the SMALLEST to the LARGEST: mitochondrion; ribosome; erythrocyte; average monocyte
RIBOSOME; MITOCHONDRION; ERYTHROCYTE; AVERAGE MONOCYTE
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is named rough because it possesses what cellular structures?
RIBOSOMES
If the distribution graph of a set of data has a positive skew, then which tail of the graph is longer?
RIGHT
In what chamber of the human heart is the sinoatrial (read as: sine-oh-AYE-tree-al) node located?
RIGHT ATRIUM
From what chamber of the human heart does blood carried by the left pulmonary artery leave?
RIGHT VENTRICLE
What is the specific intermediate informational molecule for human retrotransposons (read as: rhet-tro-trans-POE-zons):
RNA (ACCEPT: RIBONUCLEIC ACID or mRNA or MESSENGER RNA)
What specific molecule binds immediately upstream of the structural genes in the lac (read as: LACK) operon and functions to transcribe these genes?
RNA POLYMERASE
What is the name of the universal constant that relates atomic spectra of elements to that of hydrogen?
RYDBERG CONSTANT (ACCEPT: RYDBERG)
What is the MOST common term for the general type of nourishment characteristic of mushrooms where the organism derives its nutrients by absorbing the biological products of another organism?
SAPROPHYTIC (or: SAPROBE or SAPROPHAGE or SAPROPHYTE)
Identical wind turbines are put in four locations: sea level, 5,000 feet, 10,000 feet, and 14,000 feet. Assuming the same wind speed, which turbine will produce the most energy?
SEA LEVEL
For a standing wave on a guitar string, the first overtone represents what harmonic?
SECOND
Choosing from primary through quaternary, what level of protein structure is conferred by a beta pleated sheet?
SECONDARY
In what specific part of the testes does spermatogenesis occur in mammals?
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
How many sigma and pi bonds, respectively, are there in a molecule with the following formula: [read slowly] CH3CHCHCH2CH3
SIGMA 14; PI = 1
As opposed to spontaneous emission, what is the type of emission, first theorized by Albert Einstein, where a photon interacts with an atom's electron which, when it returns to a ground state, emits a coherent photon?
STIMULATED EMISSION (ACCEPT: STIMULATED)
Darwin's finches all descended from one species, the Blue-Black Grassquit Finch. These finches evolved in overlapping and sometimes identical ranges, often occurring together on the same islands. What is the name for speciation that occurs in this way?
SYMPATRIC
The lush forest of the Pacific northwest is classified as what type of rain forest?
TEMPERATE (ACCEPT: TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST)
When the drag force acting on a skydiver and the force of gravity are equal, how can you characterize his or her velocity?
TERMINAL (ACCEPT: CONSTANT)
According to VSEPR bonding theory, what type of geometry does a molecule have when the central atom is surrounded by 4 bonded groups, such as in methane?
TETRAHEDRAL
Until the Large Hadron Collider came on-line at CERN, what accelerator was generally believed to be the only one energetic enough to produce top quarks?
TEVATRON (ACCEPT: FERMILAB ACCELERATOR)
The force between two electrically charged objects can be changed by altering what two quantities?
THE AMOUNT OF CHARGE AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE OBJECTS
In most cars, what acts as the circuit ground?
THE BODY (ACCEPT: FRAME or CHASSIS)
In the 1960s, a group of bacteria were discovered with magnetic crystals in a specialized organelle. It is believed that these bacteria used the crystals to help them align with what natural phenomenon?
THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD
What is the name for the phenomenon that occurs when a light beam becomes visible after passing through a colloid, an example of which is a beam of light passing through fog at night?
THE TYNDALL EFFECT
What is the MOST common term for the type of energy that is most directly related to t
THERMAL
When a girl wearing roller blades throws a ball in front of her, she slides backwards. Her movement is an illustration of which of Newton's Laws of Motion?
THIRD
What human gland, which is mostly lymphoid tissue, is critical to the normal development of cell mediated immunity and, if removed after young adulthood, seems to have no ill effects on the immune system?
THYMUS
Name all of the following 4 hormones that are formed primarily from the amino acid tyrosine: glucagon; thyroxine; epinephrine; erythropoietin (read as: EE-rith-roe-POE-ih-tin)
THYROXINE; EPINEPHRINE
What was the most sensitive device Coulomb used to measure the electric forces between pith balls?
TORSION BALANCE
For an object to travel in a circle, it must experience acceleration in what direction?
TOWARDS THE CIRCLE'S CENTER
Name all of the following 4 diseases that are caused by protists: botulism; rabies; typhoid fever; toxoplasmosis
TOXOPLASMOSIS
Order the following 4 processes from the one to typically occur the EARLIEST to the one to occur the LATEST in the production of collagen: (read slowly) spliceosome (read as: SPLY-see-oh-zome); transcription; translation; golgi modification
TRANSCRIPTION; SPLICEOSOME; TRANSLATION; GOLGI MODIFICATION
What specific type of microscopy passes a beam of electrons through an ultra-thin specimen that is usually stained with an electron opaque substance, producing an image which can be captured by a charged coupled device?
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (ACCEPT: TEM) (DO NOT ACCEPT: SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OR SEM)
What is the specific type of protein from which spindle fibers are composed?
TUBULIN (ACCEPT: ALPHA AND/OR BETA TUBULIN)
If it is 7:47 AM, Tuesday September 23rd in Beijing China at 116º east longitude, what day and time, respectively, would it be in London, England?
TUESDAY; 12:47 AM
Name all of the following 5 animal groups that are NOT echinoderms: sea urchins; sand dollars; tunicates; rotifers; brittle stars
TUNICATES; ROTIFERS
In a Venn diagram, what is the most appropriate name of the rectangle that contains the circles that represent the subsets?
UNIVERSAL SET
Pitchblende is one of the main ores of what element?
URANIUM
Name all of the following 4 isotopes that release energy if they undergo fission: helium-4; hydrogen-2; uranium-235; iron-56
URANIUM-235
What is the anticodon on a tRNA for AAA (read as: A, A, A)?
UUU
What do we call a mathematical object that possesses both magnitude and direction?
VECTOR
What is the name for the test that can be used to visually determine whether or not a relation defined by a graph represents a function?
VERTICAL LINE TEST (ACCEPT: VERTICAL LINE)
A transformer is often used in electric circuits to alter what quantity?
VOLTAGE (ACCEPT: ELECTRIC POTENTIAL, POTENTIAL, POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE)
The electronegativity of oxygen is 3.4 and the electronegativity of calcium is 1.0. Which of the following best describes the formation of the calcium oxide: W) 2 electrons are transferred from calcium to oxygen X) 2 electrons are transferred from oxygen to calcium Y) 2 electrons are shared between calcium and oxygen Z) 1 electron is shared and another is transferred from calcium to oxygen
W) 2 ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM CALCIUM TO OXYGEN
Which of the following is the RNA complementary sequence of the following sequence: 5'CCGCGA 3' (read as: 5-prime, CCGCGS, 3-prime) W) 5' UCGCGG 3' (read as: 5-prime, UCGCGG, 3-prime) X) 5' GGCGCU 3' Y) 5' GGCGCT 3' Z) 5' TCGCGG 3'
W) 5' UCGCGG 3'
Clean or unpolluted rain water has a pH of about: W) 5.6 X) 6.5 Y) 7.0 Z) 7.6
W) 5.6
Which of the following is a second quadrant angle in standard position: W) 500º X) -180º Y) -680º Z) 930º
W) 500º
Which of the following numbers has 6 significant figures: W) 55.0000 X) 555,000 Y) 0.00500 Z) 0.55000
W) 55.0000
Which of the following is most directly responsible for the colloid osmotic pressure in humans that acts to retain fluid in the vascular system: W) albumin X) sodium ions Y) calcium ions Z) potassium ions
W) ALBUMIN
Fruits primarily function in order to entice animals to eat them. In what way does this benefit the fruiting plant? W) Animals disperse the seeds X) Animals pollinate while eating the fruits Y) Animals eat the fruit instead of other parts of the plant Z) There is no benefit to the plant
W) ANIMALS DISPERSE THE SEEDS
Which of the following tissues is most directly responsible for the growth in height of a tree: W) apical meristem X) shoot terminus Y) terminal cambial Z) cambium terminus
W) APICAL MERISTEM
Which of the following is a molecule having a nonpolar covalent bond: W) bromine gas X) hydrogen fluoride Y) water Z) hydrogen bromide
W) BROMINE GAS
The black fur allele B (read as: big b), is dominant over the white fur allele b (read as: little b). Two mice with black fur mate, producing four offspring: one is white and three are black. What are the likely genotypes of the two parents? W) Bb and Bb X) BB and Bb Y) BB and BB Z) BB and bb
W) Bb AND Bb
How can 2 batteries and three capacitors be arranged to store the maximum amount of energy? W) Connect the capacitors in parallel and the batteries in series X) Connect the capacitors in series and the batteries in parallel Y) Connect the capacitors and batteries in parallel Z) Connect the capacitors and batteries in series
W) CONNECT THE CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL AND THE BATTERIES IN SERIES
A constant force acting on a body experiencing no change in its environment will give the body: W) constant acceleration X) constant speed Y) constant velocity Z) zero acceleration
W) CONSTANT ACCELERATION
The conversion of solid CaSO4 into solid CaO and SO2 gas is an example of what class of chemical reaction: W) decomposition X) hydrolysis Y) combustion Z) single replacement
W) DECOMPOSITION
Which of the following is NOT true about aqueous solutions: W) diluting a buffer with water can change the pH of the water X) metal cations can act as weak acids in water solutions Y) an acid whose Ka = 6 × 10-10 is weaker than an acid whose Ka = 5.8 × 10-4 Z) an acid whose pKa is 3.0 is stronger than an acid whose pKa is 7.0
W) DILUTING A BUFFER WITH WATER CAN CHANGE THE PH OF THE WATER
Which of the following experimental approaches was used by scientists to discover that the atomic nucleus held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge: W) directing alpha particles at thin metal strips X) finding the amount of magnetic deflection in cathode rays within a well-evacuated tube Y) exposing photographic film to certain radium salts Z) using a crude cyclotron to disintegrate large nuclei
W) DIRECTING ALPHA PARTICLES AT THIN METAL STRIPS
Which of the following is characteristic of a compound? W) Elements must be combined in a very specific ratio X) Properties can vary throughout the sample Y) It can be classified as a colloid Z) It can be classified as heterogeneous
W) ELEMENTS MUST BE COMBINED IN A VERY SPECIFIC RATIO
Human epidermis is mostly composed of which of the following basic animal tissues types: W) epithelial X) connective Y) nervous Z) muscle
W) EPITHELIAL
Which of the following statements best describes the sex chromosome content of female and male cells in birds? W) Females are ZW, males are ZZ X) Females are WW, males are ZW Y) Females are ZZ, males are ZW Z) Females are ZZ, males are WW
W) FEMALES ARE ZW, MALES ARE ZZ
The molal (read as: moe-lahl) is a concentration unit that is most appropriately used in experimental designs that determine: W) freezing point depression X) osmotic pressure Y) density Z) vapor pressure lowering
W) FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION
Anthropogenic means: W) generated by humans X) created many years ago Y) carried in primate genes Z) harmful to elderly people
W) GENERATED BY HUMANS
Which of the following is a diprotic acid: W) H2C2O4 X) H3PO4 Y) HCl Z) HNO2
W) H2C2O4 (Solution: oxalic acid with 2 acidic H atoms)
For a series of chemical reactions, Hess's law provides a method for the summation of which property? W) Heat of formation X) Entropy Y) Equilibrium constant Z) Reaction rate
W) HEAT OF FORMATION
Which of the following best describes the catalyst in the destruction of ozone by chlorofluorocarbons: W) homogeneous X) heterogeneous Y) enzymatic Z) autocatalytic
W) HOMOGENEOUS (Solution: all in the same phase, namely gases)
Most VOC's, or volatile organic compounds, are: W) hydrocarbons X) oxides Y) nitrogenous wastes Z) particulates
W) HYDROCARBONS
Which of the following is NOT true: W) hydrogen gas found in nature exists as a monatomic molecule X) when 2 oxygen atoms combine to form O2, energy is released Y) when chlorine gains 1 electron, it becomes larger Z) noble gases tend not to bond because of their stable valence configurations
W) HYDROGEN GAS FOUND IN NATURE EXISTS AS A MONATOMIC MOLECULE
What specific part of the human brain has the most influence on heart rate, sleep, body temperature, and metabolism, and is a large part of the ventral portion of the diencephalon (read as: die-en-SEFF-ah-lon): W) hypothalamus (read as: hypo-THAL-ah-mus) X) cerebellum Y) pituitary Z) sella turcica (read as: TURR-sik-ah)
W) HYPOTHALAMUS
Which of the following changes will increase the reaction rate of the reaction between solid magnesium and gaseous oxygen: 2 Mg(s) + O2(g)→ (read as: yields) 2 MgO(s) + heat? W) Increasing the concentration of oxygen X) Removing the magnesium oxide as soon as it is formed Y) Reducing the temperature Z) Decreasing the concentration of oxygen
W) INCREASING THE CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN
In humans, where does the organ responsible for balance reside? W) Inner ear X) Middle ear Y) Outer ear Z) Hypothalamus
W) INNER EAR
From which of the following does the seed coat of angiosperm seeds typically develop: W) integuments X) polar nuclei Y) nucleus Z) cotyledons
W) INTEGUMENTS
What is the process that best describes the transfer of electrons from one atom to another through electrostatic attraction? W) Ionic bonding X) Repulsion Y) Nuclear force Z) Covalent bonding
W) IONIC BONDING
Carbon monoxide, or CO, will be adsorbed (read as: ADD-sorbed) onto the surface of which of the following metals the MOST strongly: W) iron X) nickel Y) cobalt Z) gold
W) IRON
Ignoring air resistance, wind velocity, and the rotation of the Earth, if a projectile is fired directly upwards, the horizontal component of the projectile's velocity: W) is zero X) remains a non zero constant Y) continuously increases Z) continuously decreases
W) IS ZERO
If two solutions that are separated by a semipermeable membrane have the same osmotic pressure, they are said to be: W) isotonic X) hypotonic Y) hypertonic Z) hyperosmotic
W) ISOTONIC
Which of the following best explains why carbon monoxide is very harmful to animals: W) it binds very strongly to hemoglobin X) it is an irritant to the alveolar lining Y) it is a highly potent neurotoxin Z) it causes a severe allergic reaction
W) IT BINDS VERY STRONGLY TO HEMOGLOBIN
Bees are essential pollinators, pollinating approximately 80% of flowering agricultural crops. Why do bees pollinate? W) It is an inadvertent product of collecting food X) Bees benefit when plants procreate Y) Bees harvest the fruits for food Z) It is an inadvertent product of mating
W) IT IS AN INADVERTENT PRODUCT OF COLLECTING FOOD
Which of the following choices describes one reason why the greenhouse effect is important? W) It warms the Earth to a temperature necessary for life on Earth X) It allows solar radiation to escape, preventing extreme radiation Y) It cools the Earth to a temperature necessary for life on Earth Z) It creates nitrogen for Earth's atmosphere
W) IT WARMS THE EARTH TO A TEMPERATURE NECESSARY FOR LIFE ON EARTH
The sea nettle is the Bering Sea's most common: W) jellyfish X) crab Y) sea urchin Z) walleye pollock
W) JELLYFISH
Which of the following compounds is most SOLUBLE in water at 10ºC: W) KNO3 X) CaSO4 Y) BaSO4 Z) AgBr
W) KNO3
The acceleration of two different masses connected by a light string suspended by a light frictionless pulley is: W) Less than 9.8 meters per second squared X) Greater than 9.8 meters per second squared Y) Equal to 9.8 meters per second squared Z) 0
W) LESS THAN 9.8 METERS PER SECOND SQUARED
Which of the following describes the quantum number that indicates the direction in space of the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of an atom: W) magnetic quantum number X) principle quantum number Y) angular momentum quantum number Z) spin quantum number
W) MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER
Bioluminescence is a phenomenon most common in which of the following environments: W) marine X) fresh water Y) land Z) atmosphere
W) MARINE
Which of the following is the most common term for the general type of wave that results from the vibration of a physical medium: W) mechanical X) electromagnetic Y) perfect Z) pulsed
W) MECHANICAL
Which of the following are the most important calibration references that Celsius used to devise his temperature scale: W) melting point and boiling point of water X) ice-point and freeze-thaw point of water Y) specific gravity of water Z) boiling point and steam point of water
W) MELTING POINT AND BOILING POINT OF WATER
Which of the following is an all but obsolete battery technology stopped by government regulations in this country because of toxicity issues: W) nickel-cadmium cells X) mercury-oxide cells Y) zinc-air cells Z) aluminum-air cells
W) MERCURY-OXIDE CELLS
Which of the following is the most common term for an area of primitive cells in plants where active cell division occurs: W) meristem X) ground tissue Y) primary cells Z) germinal tissue
W) MERISTEM
All Homo sapiens are thought to share a common matrilineage. What genetic information has been used as key evidence for this shared matrilineage? W) Mitochondrial (read as: my-toh-KOHN-dree-ahl) DNA X) Nuclear DNA Y) Plasma membranes Z) Cytoplasmic tRNA
W) MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
How does neural transmission across a synaptic gap occur? W) Neural impulses cause the release of neurotransmitters that diffuse across the gap X) Neural impulses open potassium-gated channels, allowing sodium to move across the gap Y) Neural impulses travel across the gap as unidirectional electrical currents Z) Neural impulses travel across the gap as multidirectional electrical currents
W) NEURAL IMPULSES CAUSE THE RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS THAT DIFFUSE ACROSS THE GAP
What is the challenge with regard to wind energy and transmission line capacity? W) Not enough transmission lines connect cities to the windiest parts of the country X) Transmission lines only have the capacity to transfer wind energy from small turbines Y) Transmission lines must be buried Z) We have more transmission lines than our power plants can currently support
W) NOT ENOUGH TRANSMISSION LINES CONNECT CITIES TO THE WINDIEST PARTS OF THE COUNTRY
Which of the following is never considered evidence of a chemical change? W) Phase change X) Color change Y) Formation of a precipitate Z) Formation of a gas
W) PHASE CHANGE
Monster Ralph and Monster Hilda get married and hatch Friendly Freddy, their son. Freddy has purple and red striped hair and four eyes: 2 green and 2 gray. Freddy's hair and eye color are his: W) Phenotype X) Genotype Y) Alleles (read as: ah-LEELS) Z) Genes
W) PHENOTYPE
Bananas, citrus fruits, and day lilies are all examples of plants that have more than two sets of chromosomes. What is the term for this phenomenon? W) Polyploidy X) Genetic variability Y) Mutation Z) Diploidy
W) POLYPLOIDY
Suppose you measured the voltage of a fully-charged 12-volt battery and you get 3 identical results of 10.45 volts. Which of the following BEST describes your data: W) precise but not accurate X) accurate but not precise Y) both accurate and precise Z) neither accurate nor precise
W) PRECISE BUT NOT ACCURATE
Which of the following types of biological molecules is digested by trypsin: W) proteins X) nucleic acids Y) carbohydrates Z) lipids
W) PROTEINS
A clothes dryer can be a high consumer of household electricity. Which of the following options is NOT a way in which to reduce energy consumption when using your clothes dryer? W) Purchase a dryer model that has an ENERGY STAR label X) Use the moisture sensor option, if you have one Y) Clean the lint filter to improve the efficiency of the dryer Z) Scrub the lint filter if you use dryer sheets
W) PURCHASE A DRYER MODEL THAT HAS AN ENERGY STAR LABEL* [*NOTE: THERE ARE NO ENERGY STAR DRYERS- SEE WWW.ENERGYSTAR.GOV]
Cats have a special layer of tissue behind their retina called the tapetum lucidum that does which of the following: W) reflects back to the retina stray photons of light X) allows for color vision Y) allows only for black, white and grey vision Z) serves as a second eyelid to protect the eye
W) REFLECTS BACK TO THE RETINA STRAY PHOTONS OF LIGHT
If triangle ABD is congruent with triangle EFG, which of the following MUST be true: W) side AB is congruent to side EF X) side AD is congruent to side FG Y) measure of angle B = measure of angle G Z) measure of angle A = measure of angle G
W) SIDE AB IS CONGRUENT TO SIDE EF
Which of the following choices is NOT an example of a rigid body? W) Slinky X) Wheel Y) Pool ball Z) CD
W) SLINKY
The type of muscle that is in the walls of human arteries is: W) smooth X) striated Y) skeletal Z) fast twitch
W) SMOOTH
The Meissner effect is most directly associated with which of the following: W) superconductors X) rare earth magnets Y) very strong electromagnets Z) Tesla coils
W) SUPERCONDUCTORS
According to VSEPR bonding theory, if one of the bonded atoms in a trigonal bipyramidal molecule is replaced by 2 electron pairs, the molecule will assume what geometric shape, such as in ClF3: W) t-shaped X) see-saw Y) linear Z) bent
W) T-SHAPED
In addition to the "sniff test", which of the following is a standard laboratory test for a sulfide, such as hydrogen sulfide gas: W) the gas passed over a filter paper soaked in colorless lead nitrate turns the paper brown X) when inserted into a flame, a glowing wooden splint bursts into flames Y) a flame test gives off a deep purple color Z) paper chromatography
W) THE GAS PASSED OVER A FILTER PAPER SOAKED IN COLORLESS LEAD NITRATE TURNS THE PAPER BROWN (Solution: H2S(g) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) ) --> 2HNO3 + PbS(s))
Before a light marble and a heavy marble experience a head-on elastic collision, the heavy marble has a much higher speed than the light marble. During the collision, which marble experiences greater acceleration? W) The light marble X) The heavy marble Y) Both experience the same acceleration Z) In an elastic collision, neither marble accelerates
W) THE LIGHT MARBLE
Which of the following conditions must be true for Hooke's law to apply: W) the spring must be within its proportional elastic limit X) the spring must me made of cold formed steel coils Y) the deflection of the spring must be less than one tenth the spring's free length Z) the carbon content of the metal must be over 0.023 percent
W) THE SPRING MUST BE WITHIN ITS PROPORTIONAL ELASTIC LIMIT
Nuclear reactions, such as those that occur in power generating reactors, are said to be critical when: W) They are able to sustain their level of activity without an external neutron source X) They have been shut down by the introduction of neutron poisons such as boron Y) They are increasing in power at a rate faster than expected Z) They are producing more thorium than uranium
W) THEY ARE ABLE TO SUSTAIN THEIR LEVEL OF ACTIVITY WITHOUT AN EXTERNAL NEUTRON SOURCE
Underwater mountains called seamounts provide a solid surface to cling to for many kinds of marine animals. Seamounts are important for all of the following reasons, except: W) They are sustainable locations for deep-sea fishing X) They may be breeding grounds Y) They support distinctive groups of animals, including corals Z) Their altitude they causes complex current patterns
W) THEY ARE SUSTAINABLE LOCATIONS FOR DEEP-SEA FISHING
Which of the following is the main reason why Africanized honey bees are much more dangerous to humans and animals than European honey bees: W) they defend their nests more intensely X) their venom is 10-times more potent Y) they can sting multiple times Z) they are larger and carry more venom
W) THEY DEFEND THEIR NESTS MORE INTENSELY
An experiment aboard a recent Space Shuttle mission exposed Salmonella typhimurium (read as: TIE-fee-muhr-EE-um) to a space environment. Which of the following resulted when the bacteria came back to Earth: W) they were more virulent X) they were less virulent Y) they had about the same virulence Z) they changed into a new but similar species of bacteria
W) THEY WERE MORE VIRULENT (Solution: NASA's Space Shuttle mission STS-115)
Which of the following BEST describes the most common functions for which most transistors are used: W) to switch on and off or amplify electronic signals X) to allow electric current to pass in only one direction while increasing or decreasing the voltage Y) to store electrical energy Z) to regulate the frequency of electrical sine waves
W) TO SWITCH ON AND OFF OR AMPLIFY ELECTRONIC SIGNALS
Which of the following is NOT true regarding vertebrate muscle contractions? W) Tropomyosin (read as: trōe-poh-MY-oh-sin) binds the calcium ions and exposes the myosin binding sites on actin filaments X) The H zone and I band become shorter Y) T Tubules spread action potentials into the muscle fiber Z) The contraction is terminated when calcium ions are taken up by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
W) TROPOMYOSIN BINDS THE CALCIUM IONS AND EXPOSES THE MYOSIN BINDING SITES ON ACTIN FILAMENTS
Some plants spread their pollen via the wind while others use animals to spread their pollen. When a plant uses an animal to spread its pollen, this type of pollination is called: W) Vector pollination X) Seed dispersal Y) Evolutionary adaptation Z) Reproductive guarantee
W) VECTOR POLLINATION
Which of the following is the term used to describe the resistance to flow of a liquid: W) viscosity X) surface tension Y) maleability Z) vapor pressure
W) VISCOSITY
Boyle's gas law concerns which of the following two variables: W) volume and pressure X) volume and temperature Y) pressure and temperature Z) pressure and moles
W) VOLUME AND PRESSURE
In order to replenish the supply of steam at the geothermal plant called The Geysers, which of the following does an underground pipeline deliver? W) Wastewater X) River water Y) Ocean water Z) Rain water
W) WASTEWATER
The largest deposits of diatomite, or diatomaceous earth, are typically found in which of the following regions of the U.S.: W) western X) eastern Y) midwest Z) southern
W) WESTERN (Solution: most formed in shallow lakes and marine environments)
Wind energy is the conversion of wind power into electricity, using wind turbines. Which of the following statements is true about wind energy systems? W) Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from the wind X) Wind farms have to be located on unoccupied pieces of land Y) Wind energy systems have high impact on air emissions Z) Construction costs for wind-powered generators are minimal
W) WIND TURBINES CONVERT KINETIC ENERGY FROM THE WIND
Which of the following is the source of alpha radiation most often used in household ionization smoke detectors: W) americium-241 X) uranium-238 Y) radium-226 Z) iron-59
W) americium-241
In which of the following processes would isinglass (read as: eye-zen-glass) most likely be used: W) clarification of beers and wines X) baking of yeast-free breads Y) glazing of ceramics Z) thickening of puddings
W) clarification of beers and wines
The cloaca (read as: klo-AY-ka) is a reproductive structure of: W) female bird X) male shark Y) female cestode Z) male lobster
W) female bird
Which of the following is MOST closely related to the mosquito: W) fly X) wasp Y) human body louse Z) dragonfly
W) fly
Which of the following is the target tissue of the hormone leptin where it binds with LepRB (read as: L, E, P, R, B) receptors: W) hypothalamus X) pancreas Y) adipose tissue Z) kidney
W) hypothalamus
Which of the following age groups would have the most brown fat per kilogram of body weight: W) infant X) adolescent Y) middle age Z) elderly
W) infant
Which of the following is NOT true of DNA replication: W) it is initiated by a short DNA primer X) the growing strand is polymerized in a 5-prime to 3-prime direction Y) DNA polymerase helps form the phosphodiesterase (read as: FOSS-foe-die-ESS-ter-ase) bonds Z) synthesis of the lagging strand is discontinuous
W) it is initiated by a short DNA primer
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of human blast cells in on observation with light microscopy: W) large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio X) small nucleolus and mostly heterochromatin in the nucleus Y) lack of cytoplasmic granules and small overall size compared to mature cells Z) absence of nucleolus (read as: NEW-clee-oh-luss) and endoplasmic reticulum
W) large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
A data set has a mean of 10 and variance of 10. If every set element is multiplied by 2, which of the following is TRUE of the new mean and variance: W) mean is 20, variance is 40 X) mean is 20, variance is 10 Y) mean is 20, variance is 20 Z) mean is 10, variance is 20
W) mean is 20, variance is 40
If a beam of white light passes through a prism, which of the following colors color will emerge on the other side at the lowest angle with respect to the incident beam: W) orange X) indigo Y) green Z) blue
W) orange
Which of the following BEST describes spin quantum numbers: W) orientation of intrinsic angular momenta of electrons X) centripetal accelerations of atoms Y) angular momenta of only hadrons Z) centripetal acceleration of electrons
W) orientation of intrinsic angular momenta of electrons
Which of the following plays the greatest role in the effect of acid rain on the environment: W) the ability of soils and bedrock to neutralize the acid X) the initial pH of the rain in the upper troposphere Y) low-level ozone concentration Z) temperature of the troposphere
W) the ability of soils and bedrock to neutralize the acid
When the same amount of energy is applied to 1-gram portions of water, ethanol, copper and iron, for which one does the temperature increase the least?
WATER
Order the following 4 choices from the one with the LOWEST temperature to the one with the HIGHEST temperature: copper freezes; water boils; solar corona; lead melts
WATER BOILS; LEAD MELTS; COPPER FREEZES; SOLAR CORONA
An isotonic solution of sodium chloride, also known as normal saline, is what percent by mass: W) 0.045% X) 0.9% Y) 2.5% Z) 10%
X) 0.9%
Which of the following BEST describes the size of a typical animal virus: W) 600 micrometers X) 100 nanometers Y) 1 nanometer Z) 1 angstrom
X) 100 NANOMETERS
If the circuit breaker in a 110-volt circuit is listed at 30 amperes, how many 100 watt light bulbs could you have on that circuit, which includes a TV with 250 watts, a hair dryer of 1500 watts and a computer of 150 watts? W) 10 X) 14 Y) 18 Z) 20
X) 14
Which of the following numbers is evenly divisible by 4: W) 1,722 X) 2,636 Y) 4,114 Z) 6,126
X) 2,636 (Solution: 36, the last 2 digits, is a multiple of 4)
In which of the following wavelengths does DNA absorb the best: W) 3,900 angstroms X) 260 nanometers Y) 340 nanometers Z) 540 nanometers
X) 260 nanometers
Which of the following is closest to the pKa of an acid whose Ka = 5.0 × 10-4: W) 2.3 X) 3.3 Y) 4.0 Z) 5.0
X) 3.3 (Solution: pKa = -log10Ka = 3.3)
Hydrogen gas effuses through a pinhole opening from one compartment to another about how many times as fast as nitrogen gas: W) 2.4-times X) 3.7-times Y) 5.3-times Z) 8.2-times
X) 3.7-TIMES
Which of the following most accurately represents the complete range of wavelengths to which the human eye is sensitive: W) 320 to 600 nanometers X) 380 to 740 nanometers Y) 450 to 850 nanometers Z) 480 to 950 nanometers
X) 380 to 740 nanometers
In a gearing arrangement where a 10-tooth pinion drives a 40-tooth gear, what is the gear ratio: W) 1 to 4 X) 4 to 1 Y) 1 to 10 Z) 40 to 1
X) 4 TO 1
1 cubic foot per second equals approximately how many gallons per minutes: W) 256 X) 449 Y) 646 Z) 724
X) 449
The length of a rectangle is 5 inches less than twice the width. What is the width in inches if the perimeter is 38 inches? W) 5 X) 8 Y) 11 Z) 14
X) 8
During positron emission, which of the following most likely occurs: W) a proton changes to an electron X) a proton changes to a neutron Y) a neutron changes to an electron Z) a neutron changes to a proton
X) A PROTON CHANGES TO A NEUTRON
People with insulin-dependent diabetes are now treated with pure human insulin produced by human genes inserted into bacteria. What is the name for an organism produced by taking genes from one organism and inserting them into the cells of a different organism? W) Clone X) A transgenic organism Y) Hybrid Z) A mutagenic organism
X) A TRANSGENIC ORGANISM
Which of the following is a widely-used analgesic and antipyretic medication which is not considered an NSAID (read as: en-say'd): W) acetylcysteine X) acetaminophen Y) acetylsalicylic acid Z) ibuprophen
X) ACETAMINOPHEN
When sound waves travelling through the air reach the human ear, the cochlea (read as: KŌE-klee-ah) converts the sound wave into: W) A chemical response transmitted through the blood stream X) An electrical impulse sent to the brain Y) A lower frequency wave, which resonates within the ear Z) Many small wave vectors that are separately communicated to the brain
X) AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE SENT TO THE BRAIN
Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water? W) Barium acetate X) Beryllium acetate Y) Lead acetate Z) Silver acetate
X) BERYLLIUM ACETATE
What are the two conditions that distinguish bioluminescence from chemiluminescence (read as: keh-mee-luh-mi-NEH-sehns)? W) Bioluminescence occurs in living organisms and has hydrogen as a common reactant X) Bioluminescence occurs in living organisms and requires an enzyme catalyst Y) Bioluminescence occurs in living organisms and involves the emission of light at a lower energy than chemiluminescence (read as: keh-mee-luh-mi-NEH-sehns) Z) Bioluminescence occurs uniquely in living organisms and has oxygen as a common reactant
X) BIOLUMINESENCE OCCURS IN LIVING ORGANISMS AND REQUIRES AN ENZYME CATALYST
In 1901, 63-year-old retired schoolteacher Annie Edson Taylor went over the Niagara Falls in a barrel. The Horseshoe Falls have a height of about 51 meters. Using 9.8 meters per second squared as the acceleration due to gravity; about how long in seconds did it take for her to reach the water surface? Assume that her initial velocity was zero, and neglect the effect of the air on the barrel during the fall. W) Between 3 and 4 seconds X) Between 5 and 6 seconds Y) Between 10 and 11 seconds Z) Between 27 and 28 seconds
X) Between 5 and 6 seconds
Which of the following molecules do methanogens (read as: meth-AN-oh-gens) most often use as their final electron acceptor in their generation of energy: W) hydrogen X) carbon dioxide Y) methane Z) oxygen
X) CARBON DIOXIDE
Which of the following MOST closely represents the location of the temporal bone in humans: W) above the eye X) cheek or lateral border of the eye Y) back of skull Z) top of skull
X) CHEEK OR LATERAL BORDER OF THE EYE
Which of the following was first proposed by Peter Mitchell as a potential energy ion gradient across a selectively permeable membrane that is responsible for the production of ATP: W) osmosis X) chemiosmosis (read as: chem-ee-oz-MOE-sis): Y) electro-phosphorylation Z) photosynthesis
X) CHEMIOSMOSIS
Eggs exit a chicken's body through what specific structure: W) rectal plexus X) cloaca (read as: KLO-aye-ka) Y) rostrum Z) spiculum
X) CLOACA
Which of the following produces the largest share of electric power generation in the U.S.? W) Natural gas X) Coal Y) Nuclear power Z) Hydropower
X) COAL
Which of the following is an element that is very important to human life, is contained in vitamin B-12, belongs to a group of transition metals, and has magnetic properties like iron: W) selenium X) cobalt Y) zinc Z) manganese
X) COBALT
Which of the following is NOT true of ideal gases: W) 2 or more gases form homogeneous mixtures in all proportions X) collisions between gas particles are both elastic and inelastic Y) they diffuse rapidly Z) they assume the shapes of their containers
X) COLLISIONS BETWEEN GAS PARTICLES ARE BOTH ELASTIC AND INELASTIC
Which of the following is a group of about 20 proteins that aid in the attraction and phagocytosis of microorganisms by macrophages: W) alpha interferons X) complement system Y) TNF Z) hemopoietins
X) COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
Which of the following is a molecule with a square pyramidal molecular geometry around its central atom: W) PCl5 X) ClF5 Y) XeF4 Z) SF6
X) ClF5 (Solution: PCl5 = trigonal bipyramidal; XeF4 = square planar; SF6 = octahedral)
Which of the following pure substances has the highest melting point at 1 atmosphere of pressure: W) magnesium oxide X) diamond Y) sodium chloride Z) cesium chloride
X) DIAMOND (Solution: MgO = 2800ºC; diamond = 3550ºC; NaCl = 801ºC; Cs = 645ºC)
A beaker of concentrated aqueous ammonia is placed next to a beaker of concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid at room temperature. After a short while, a white cloud forms between the beakers. This is a demonstration of: W) effusion X) diffusion Y) efflorescence Z) effervescence
X) DIFFUSION
The release of hydrogen gas in the above experiment is called: W) combustion X) effervescence Y) diffusion Z) ebullition
X) EFFERVESCENCE
Which of the following MOST directly determines the permittivity of a material: W) ability of the material to magnetize X) electrical susceptibility Y) electrical insulation capacity Z) electrical conductivity
X) ELECTRICAL SUSCEPTIBILITY
Which of the following has NOT been shown to be a practical use of electrolytic cells? W) Recovering pure metal from alloys X) Electrolysis Y) Plating of one metal with another Z) Manufacturing of sodium hydroxide
X) ELECTROLYSIS
Which of the following is NOT a fermentation product of yogurt: W) acetaldehyde X) formaldehyde Y) acetic acid Z) lactic acid
X) FORMALDEHYDE
Which of the following molecules exhibits a dipole moment: W) CH4 X) H2S Y) CO2 Z) SO3
X) H2S
The common shore ragworm only leaves its sandy tube to feed. If a shadow passes overhead, it will quickly return to the safety of its burrow. If the shadow passes overheard repeatedly and nothing happens, the worm will eventually ignore the shadow. This type of learning is called: W) Sensitization X) Habituation Y) Conditioned response Z) Mimicry
X) HABITUATION
Which of the following molecules would have the most peptide bonds: W) glycogen X) hemoglobin Y) lecithin Z) DNA
X) HEMOGLOBIN
Which of the following is a gas that is tested for by ignition in air on contact with a lighted splint to produce a high-pitched "popping" sound: W) oxygen X) hydrogen Y) helium Z) nitrogen monoxide
X) HYDROGEN
Which of the following BEST describes the Balmer series: W) a series of quantum numbers indicating certain energy levels X) hydrogen atom spectral line emission Y) a sequence of elements that are produced chronologically in supernovae Z) the energy spectrum of the early universe
X) HYDROGEN ATOM SPECTRAL LINE EMISSION
Honey doesn't spoil easily because bacteria falling into the honey are often killed. The water in the bacteria rushes out of the cell and the bacteria shrivel up because honey is a: W) Isotonic solution X) Hypertonic solution Y) Hypotonic solution Z) Inorganic solution
X) HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
Which of the following is TRUE of a sound wave traveling in dry air at STP at a constant velocity: W) if frequency increases, wavelength increases X) if frequency increases, wavelength decreases Y) if frequency decreases, wavelength decreases Z) if frequency increases, wavelength stays the same
X) IF FREQUENCY INCREASES, WAVELENGTH DECREASES
When the distance travelled and displacement are equal and nonzero for a given object in motion, the object must have travelled: W) Back and forth X) In a straight line without changing direction Y) In a circle Z) In an ellipse
X) IN A STRAIGHT LINE WITHOUT CHANGING DIRECTION
In which of the following locations has water at its highest temperature ever been recorded in nature: W) within gullies on Venus X) in very deep ocean hydrothermal vents along the mid-Atlantic ridge Y) at the bottom of Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National Park Z) within volcanic vents high atop Hawaii's Kilauea volcano
X) IN VERY DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENTS ALONG THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
At x = −1/2, the graph of y = x^3 is: W) increasing and concave up X) increasing and concave down Y) decreasing and concave up Z) decreasing and concave down
X) INCREASING AND CONCAVE DOWN (Solution: at the indicated value the 1st derivative is positive (implying increasing) and the 2nd derivative is negative (implying concave down))
Which one of the following terms is used to indicate the natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion at a constant speed along a straight line? W) Equilibrium X) Inertia (read as: i-NEHR-shah) Y) Stability Z) Interaction
X) INERTIA
When a fighter pilot fires on a plane directly in front of her, the momentum of the fighter pilot and her plane changes in what way? W) It increases X) It decreases Y) It stays the same Z) It changes direction
X) IT DECREASES
Mary and Joe are on a merry-go-round. Mary is seated near the center of rotation and Joe is on the outer edge. Which of the following BEST describes their motion: W) Mary has a greater acceleration than Joe X) Joe has a greater acceleration than Mary Y) neither Mary nor Joe are accelerating Z) both Mary and Joe have the same acceleration
X) JOE HAS A GREATER ACCELERATION THAN MARY
Which of the following BEST describes Fermat's principle: W) light disperses in a specific medium depending on the medium's refractive index X) light follows the path of least time between two points Y) the angle of incidence can be greater than the angle of reflection Z) light always travels in the same medium at the same speed
X) LIGHT FOLLOWS THE PATH OF LEAST TIME BETWEEN TWO POINTS
Consider an electric charge moving through a magnetic field. A force acts on the charge perpendicular to the direction of the charge's motion and direction of the magnetic field. Which of the following is the MOST common name for this force: W) B field X) Lorentz force Y) electrodynamic force Z) Faraday force
X) LORENTZ FORCE
Which of the following are the units of the rate constant for a 2nd order reaction given that concentration is measured in molarity and time in seconds: W) M-2s-1 X) M-1s-1 Y) Ms-1 Z) M-2minutes-1
X) M-1s-1 (Solution: units relationship is M1-order × time-1)
Which of the following is a trace element in coal that is a pollutant and neurotoxin released into the atmosphere when coal is burned, for which some states are currently developing technologies to reduce these emissions by 70 to 90%: W) sulfur X) mercury Y) carbon Z) chromium
X) MERCURY
Methane hydrate is a cage-like lattice of ice inside which are trapped molecules of methane, the chief constituent of natural gas. Which of the following is NOT true about methane hydrate? W) Deposits generally occur beneath Arctic permafrost and the ocean floor X) Methane extraction from methane hydrate has been documented in large-scale field experiments Y) If pressures are high enough, it is stable far above the melting point of water ice Z) The energy content of methane hydrate is very high
X) METHANE EXTRACTION FROM METHANE HYDRATE HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED IN LARGE-SCALE FIELD EXPERIMENTS
Which of the following substances has the greatest density: W) hexane X) methylene chloride Y) diethyl ether Z) ethyl acetate
X) METHYLENE CHLORIDE (Solution: halogenated solvents possess a higher density than non-halogenated ones)
The human brain contains as many as 100 billion neurons. Theneurons communicate with each other through electrochemical signals. Which of the following is NOT true? W) Each neuron can connect to at least 1,000 other neurons X) Neurons have a short life span Y) Brain signals involve less than one-tenth the voltage of an ordinary flashlight battery Z) Some messages pass through the nervous system more quickly than others
X) NEURONS HAVE A SHORT LIFE SPAN
The hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico, and many other areas in the world, is largely caused by the influx of which of the following into waterways: W) phosphorous X) nitrogen Y) potassium Z) sulfur
X) NITROGEN
Cranial nerves two, three, seven, and ten refer to which cranial nerves, respectively? W) Occulomotor, trochlear, optic and facial X) Optic, occulomotor, facial and vagus Y) Trigeminal, olfactory, trochlear and vagus Z) Olfactory, vagus, facial and optic
X) OPTIC, OCCULOMOTOR, FACIAL AND VAGUS
Which of the following molecules has a double covalent bond: W) hydrogen X) oxygen Y) nitrogen Z) methane
X) OXYGEN
Which of the following is NOT a strong acid? W) Hydrochloric Acid X) Phosphoric Acid Y) Sulfuric Acid Z) Perchloric Acid
X) PHOSPHORIC ACID
Which of the following is LEAST accurate: W) alpha particles are the same as helium nuclei X) polarization of light supports the particle behavior of light Y) a photon is a particle of light Z) light slows down when it moves from a vacuum into glass
X) POLARIZATION OF LIGHT SUPPORTS THE PARTICLE BEHAVIOR OF LIGHT
Which of the following plastics is very tough, optically transparent, and often used in the manufacture of CD's: W) polypropylene X) polycarbonate Y) low density polyethylene Z) polyvinyl chloride
X) POLYCARBONATE
The enthalpy in the reaction 3Q + 2R + 300 kilojoules→ (read as: yields) 6Y + Z is +150 kilojoules per mole of: W) Q X) R Y) Y Z) Z
X) R
Which of the following is the magnitude of the focal length of a spherically curved convex mirror in air, where R stands for the radius of curvature: W) R divided by 1.22 X) R divided by 2 Y) R divided by 1.5 Z) R times 4
X) R DIVIDED BY 2
Which of the following BEST describes the Lorentz Contraction: W) reduction in the mass of a body as it approaches the speed of light X) reduction in the length of a body along the direction of motion as it approaches the speed of light Y) loss of kinetic energy when any object slows Z) loss of potential energy when any body emits electromagnetic radiation
X) REDUCTION IN THE LENGTH OF A BODY ALONG THE DIRECTION OF MOTION AS IT APPROACHES THE SPEED OF LIGHT
From which of the following sources is the food additive carrageenan (read as: carr-ah-GEE-nan) derived: W) petroleum X) seaweed Y) corn husks Z) yarrow root
X) SEAWEED
The graph of the relation y = -sqrt(25 -x^2) is a: W) circle X) semi-circle Y) parabola Z) straight line
X) SEMI-CIRCLE
The graph of the relation y = -√(25-x^2) is a: W) circle X) semi-circle Y) parabola Z) straight line
X) SEMI-CIRCLE
Which of the following mutations would most likely affect a gene the LEAST: W) single base deletion X) single base substitution Y) single base insertion Z) quadruple base deletion
X) SINGLE BASE SUBSTITUTION
The reaction Fe3O4 + 4H2 3Fe + 4H2O, is an example of what class of chemical reaction: W) decomposition X) single replacement Y) combustion Z) combination
X) SINGLE REPLACEMENT
Of the following choices, what is the primary direct use of geothermal energy? W) Aquaculture X) Space heating Y) Gold mining Z) Dehydration of vegetable and fruit products
X) SPACE HEATING
Geothermal power plants use which of the following to generate electricity: W) coal X) steam Y) sunlight Z) pressurized water
X) STEAM
Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the suffix 'lith': W) outside X) stone Y) side Z) surface
X) STONE
What is the difference between heat and temperature? W) Temperature is a form of heat, while heat is a measurement X) Temperature is a measurement of molecular kinetic energy, while heat is a form of energy Y) Heat and temperature have different wavelengths Z) Heat and temperature have similar wavelengths but different amplitudes
X) TEMPERATURE IS A MEASUREMENT OF MOLECULAR KINETIC ENERGY, WHILE HEAT IS A FORM OF ENERGY
During a safety test, a small car and a truck move toward each other at the same speed and experience a head-on collision. Afterward, the two objects move away from each other along the same line. Which of the following is correct? W) The truck will experience a greater speed than the car X) The car will experience a greater speed than the truck Y) The speeds of the truck and the car will be the same Z) Sometimes the truck will experience a greater speed and sometimes the car will experience the greater speed
X) THE CAR WILL EXPERIENCE A GREATER SPEED THAN THE TRUCK
Which of the following is NOT true of coelacanths (read as: SEE-laa-kanths): W) the coelacanth is considered a living fossil X) the coelacanth is a bottom dweller fish and uses its 4 limbs for walking Y) the coelacanth is essentially inedible to humans Z) the coelacanth gives birth to live young
X) THE COELACANTH IS A BOTTOM DWELLER FISH AND USES ITS 4 LIMBS FOR WALKING
In order to calculate the heat of fusion for a piece of ice placed in warm water, you must know: W) The energy released by the warm water and the mass of the water X) The energy released by the warm water and the mass of the ice Y) The energy released by the ice and the mass of the warm water Z) The energy released by the ice and the mass of ice
X) THE ENERGY RELEASED BY THE WARM WATER AND THE MASS OF THE ICE
An object is dropped from an office window. The amount of air resistance is unknown. After 1 second of falling, which of the following cannot be true? W) The velocity is 1 meter per second X) The velocity is 11 meters per second Y) The acceleration is 0 meters per second squared Z) The acceleration is 5 meters per second squared
X) THE VELOCITY IS 11 METERS PER SECOND
From which of the following is camphor derived: W) petroleum distillate X) the wood of an evergreen tree of the laurel family Y) the bark of a fir tree from the Mediterranean Z) the seed pod of the camphor herb
X) THE WOOD OF AN EVERGREEN TREE OF THE LAUREL FAMILY
What characteristic has made angiosperms so successful during the last 140 million years? W) They are very tall, outcompeting other plants for sunlight X) They have flowers to attract pollinators Y) They are thorny to deter herbivores from consuming them Z) They are the only plants that can reproduce asexually
X) THEY HAVE FLOWERS TO ATTRACT POLLINATORS
If a plant had a taproot, it would also most likely have: W) parallel leaf venation X) two cotyledons in its seedling stage Y) diffusely arranged vascular bundles in its stem Z) no stomata on the upper surfaces of its leaves
X) TWO COTYLEDONS IN ITS SEEDLING STAGE
Which of the following is NOT true of the human body: W) there are substantial numbers of lymph nodes in the wall of the large intestine X) veins have comparatively thick walls with more muscle than arteries Y) there are two layers of smooth muscle in the walls of the small intestine Z) the small intestine is longer than the large intestine
X) VEINS HAVE COMPARATIVELY THICK WALLS WITH MORE MUSCLE THAN ARTERIES
Which of the following is a mixing incompatibility of common household products that can produce toxic products: W) vinegar and baking soda X) vinegar and bleach Y) vinegar and borax Z) castile soap and salt
X) VINEGAR AND BLEACH (Solution: small amounts of vinegar can be added to bleach to acidify the bleach, but it's generally not a good idea to mix these two solutions)
Which of the following is a substance that is very reactive with the oxygen in air and must be stored under water or some other substance to keep it from becoming incendiary: W) fullerene X) white phosphorous Y) calcium fluoride Z) calcium oxide
X) WHITE PHOSPHOROUS
Which of the following BEST explains why leaves fall off trees in the autumn: W) the leaves die and passively fall off X) an abscission layer forms at the base of the leaf stem causing it to fall off Y) the leaves slowly dry out from the bottom up because of abscisic acid that prevents phloem from delivering nutrients Z) the vascular
X) an abscission layer forms at the base of the leaf stem causing it to fall off
In a double reciprocal plot of Michaelis-Menton kinetics, what is the effect of a competitive inhibitor: W) change in the vertical axis intercept X) change in the slope only Y) change in the horizontal axis intercept only Z) change in both vertical and horizontal axes intercepts
X) change in the slope only
Which of the following is one of the MAIN ways of preventing Brucellosis in humans: W) avoid person-to-person contact X) consume only pasteurized dairy products Y) avoid flea bites Z) boil all drinking water
X) consume only pasteurized dairy products
Robert Hooke coined the term 'cell' mostly because of: W) his observations of red blood cells X) his observations of cork cells Y) his analysis of hundreds of different protozoans Z) his readings of the works of other early microscopists
X) his observations of cork cells
Which of the following is the primary detrimental effect to humans and animals who ingest high levels of melamine: W) impaired nerve transmission X) impaired kidney function Y) liver failure Z) severe gastrointestinal distress
X) impaired kidney function
Which of the following physiological processes generates most of the heat needed to keep an infant warm: W) digestion of food in the gut X) oxidative metabolism Y) inspiration of air Z) bacterial activity in the gut
X) oxidative metabolism
Because of its linear-temperature relationship and its chemical inertness, which of the following materials is almost always used in resistance temperature detectors: W) mercury X) platinum Y) iron Z) brass
X) platinum
Which of the following is probably the most significant limitation for PET scans being used in remote rural hospital sites: W) lack of properly trained personnel X) the proximity to production facilities for short-lived radioisotopes Y) the high level of radiation requiring special training and increased radiation risk Z) difficulty in PET radiotracers binding to receptors when imaging certain human tissues
X) the proximity to production facilities for short-lived radioisotopes
Which of the following BEST explains how a radium isotope with a half-life of about 1,600 years can be found in the crust of the Earth that was formed millions of years ago: W) its decay is slowed by the pressure of the Earth X) the radium is replenished by decay of longer lived radioactive elements Y) the radium was replenished by meteors and asteroids over the millennia Z) the radium is recycled from the Earth's core where magnetic fields slow the decay
X) the radium is replenished by decay of longer lived radioactive elements
Find the x and y intercepts of the line passing through the point (4, 8) that is perpendicular to the line 3x - 6y - 12 = 0:
X-INTERCEPT = (8, 0) (ACCEPT: 8); Y-INTERCEPT = (0, 16) (ACCEPT: 16)
Order the following 3 choices from the MOST penetrating through a thin sheet of cardboard to the LEAST: beta rays; alpha rays; x-rays
X-RAYS; BETA RAYS; ALPHA RAYS
Which of the following represents the inverse function of f(x) = x^3 + 5: W) (x - 5)^3 X) x^3 - 5 Y) (x-5)^(1/3) Z) (1/(x-5))^3
Y) (x-5)^(1/3)
Which of the following intervals contains both solutions of x2 - 3x =0? W) 0 less than x less than 2 X) 0 less than x less than 4 Y) 0 less than or equal to x less than 4 Z) -3 less than x less than or equal to 2
Y) 0 less than or equal to x less than 4
Which of the following is NOT a Pythagorean triple: W) 15, 20, 25 X) 10, 24, 26 Y) 16, 24, 30 Z) 33, 44, 55
Y) 16, 24, 30
A math teacher is trying to describe her favorite triangle. The lengths of two sides are 4 centimeters and 6 centimeters. The angle opposite the 4 centimeter side is 12°. How many non-congruent triangles fit this description? W) 0 X) 1 Y) 2 Z) An infinite number
Y) 2
Find the derivative of 2xe^x (read as: 2x e to the x). W) 2ex+2x X) 2xex + ex Y) 2xex + 2ex Z) 2xex
Y) 2xex + 2ex
What are the solutions for x in the following equation: x^2 − 2x = 8? W) 0 X) 0 and 2 Y) 4 and -2 Z) -4 and 2
Y) 4 AND -2
Neglecting air resistance, at what angle above the horizontal would you aim your garden hose nozzle to obtain the greatest horizontal distance if the nozzle is at ground level: W) 0º X) 30º Y) 45º Z) 60º
Y) 45º
In a tug-of-war, each person on a team pulls with an average force of 500 newtons. What is the tension in the center of the rope if there are 10-man teams on each side: W) 0 newtons X) 2,500 newtons Y) 5,000 newtons Z) 10,000 newtons
Y) 5,000 NEWTONS
Which of the following numbers is evenly divisible by both 11 and 3: W) 7791 X) 7553 Y) 5181 Z) 8769
Y) 5181
Which of the following is the atomic sublevel with the next highest energy after the 4p sublevel: W) 4d X) 4f Y) 5s Z) 5p
Y) 5s
What is the product of the following 2 values: (1) the greatest common divisor of 7 and 14; and (2) the least common multiple of 7 and 14: W) 21 X) 49 Y) 98 Z) 196
Y) 98 (Solution: the product will be the same as the product of the two numbers, 7 and 14)
Which of the following is NOT true of matrices: W) a square matrix that has an inverse is called invertible X) a matrix does not have to have an inverse Y) a matrix that does not have an inverse is called non-singular Z) a matrix must be square in order to have an inverse
Y) A MATRIX THAT DOES NOT HAVE AN INVERSE IS CALLED NON-SINGULAR (Solution: it's called singular)
The equation x2 + y2 = 121 with x > 0 and y < 0 would result in the graph of: W) A semicircle below the x-axis X) A quarter circle in the 2nd quadrant Y) A quarter circle in the 4th quadrant Z) A complete circle with a radius of 11
Y) A QUARTER CIRCLE IN THE 4TH QUADRANT
Which of the following is LEAST accurate regarding human genetics: W) genes from gametes are typically unchanged during their passage to the zygote X) the zygote gets 1 allele from each parental gene pair Y) all genes independently segregate Z) the number of copies of a particular gene can vary among individuals
Y) ALL GENES INDEPENDENTLY SEGREGATE (Solution: genes on the same chromosome do not independently segregate)
Which of the following best defines biodiesel? W) Ethanol X) Raw vegetable oil Y) Alternative diesel fuel produced from renewable resources Z) U.S. diesel fuel
Y) ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL PRODUCED FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Down syndrome is caused by: W) A missing copy of chromosome 21 X) Genetic mutations on various chromosomes Y) An extra copy of chromosome 21 Z) A contagious disease passed from mother to fetus
Y) AN EXTRA COPY OF CHROMOSOME 21
Which of the following types of fatty acids would alpha linolenic or all cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic (read as: octa-deca-tri-en-oh-ick) acid most commonly be classified: W) an alpha 9 fatty acid X) an alpha 9,12,15 fatty acid Y) an omega 3 fatty acid Z) an omega 6 fatty acid
Y) AN OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID
Which of the following is the part of an electric motor that functions as an electromagnet: W) ballast X) relay Y) armature Z) brushes
Y) ARMATURE
Jay walks to his car and drives to the store. The trip takes 20 minutes. Jay figures how far he traveled on foot and by car and divides the distance by how long the trip took. Which of the following BEST describes what Jay has computed: W) total velocity X) average acceleration Y) average speed Z) instantaneous velocity
Y) AVERAGE SPEED
If b is a negative vector of a given vector a, then how do b and a compare? W) a has a smaller magnitude than b X) b has a smaller magnitude than a Y) b has the same magnitude as a, applied in the opposite direction Z) b has a larger magnitude than a, applied in the opposite direction
Y) B HAS THE SAME MAGNITUDE AS A, APPLIED IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION
Through which of the following mechanisms do allosteric inhibitors typically operate: W) binding the substrate X) binding to an enzyme's active site Y) binding to a site other than the active site and changing the shape of an enzyme Z) acting as a competitive inhibitor and overpowering the active sites of enzymes
Y) BINDING TO A SITE OTHER THAN THE ACTIVE SITE AND CHANGING THE SHAPE OF AN ENZYME
A golf cart and a fire truck collide. Which vehicle experiences a greater force in the collision? W) Golf cart X) Fire truck Y) Both vehicles experience the same force Z) Depends on the speeds of the vehicles
Y) BOTH VEHICLES EXPERIENCE THE SAME FORCE
Which of the following BEST describes how Pasteur attenuated the rabies virus to create an effective vaccine: W) by heat-treating the purified virus X) by treating the live virus with a weak solution of formaldehyde Y) by passing the rabies infection through a successive series of rabbits Z) by purifying the protein from the viral capsids
Y) BY PASSING THE RABIES INFECTION THROUGH A SUCCESSIVE SERIES OF RABBITS
Which of the following did J. J. Thompson use that primarily led him to conclude that electrons were basic particles of atoms and carried electric charge: W) a compass and batteries X) a solenoid Y) cathode ray tubes Z) electromagnets
Y) CATHODE RAY TUBES
Which of the following is the main target of bacteria by the antibiotic penicillin: W) energy production X) DNA synthesis Y) cell wall synthesis Z) translation
Y) CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the suffix 'tropic' (read as: troh-PIK): W) hot X) wet Y) changing Z) under
Y) CHANGING
Which of the following best describes the concept upon which Kirchhoff's current law or first law is based: W) charges come in unit dimensions X) all charges flow from the negative to the positive Y) charge can neither be created nor destroyed Z) what goes up must come down
Y) CHARGE CAN NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED
A student at your school conducts a survey about hair products. He determines the hair color of 50 of his classmates, and then randomly selects 5 redheads and 5 brunettes to participate in his survey. What type of sampling did he use? W) Simple random X) Stratified random Y) Cluster Z) Systematic
Y) CLUSTER
Which of the following occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis: W) spindle apparatus attaches to kinetochores X) nuclear membrane is not visible Y) crossing over Z) chromosomes line up at central area of cell
Y) CROSSING OVER
A Lewis base is defined as any species that does which of the following in a chemical reaction: W) donates a proton X) accepts a proton Y) donates a pair of electrons Z) accepts a pair of electrons
Y) DONATES A PAIR OF ELECTRONS
The reaction CuCl2 + Na2S CuS + 2NaCl2, is an example of what class of chemical reaction: W) synthesis X) single replacement Y) double replacement Z) decomposition
Y) DOUBLE REPLACEMENT
Ed the entomologist is setting up mosquito traps in a farmer's field in Nebraska. Which of the following would be the BEST mosquito attractant to ensure he traps the greatest number and variety of mosquitoes: W) oxygen X) nitrogen Y) dry ice Z) methane
Y) DRY ICE (Solution: mosquitoes attracted to CO2)
Diatomite, or diatomaceous earth, is readily available in the U.S. and is used primarily for which of the following functions: W) soil improvement X) crushed stone Y) filtering agent Z) lubricant
Y) FILTERING AGENT
What is the formula for iron II phosphate? W) Fe3P2 X) FePO4 Y) Fe3(PO4)2 Z) Fe3(PO3)2
Y) Fe3(PO4)2
Which of the following is NOT true regarding glycogen: W) glycogen synthesis is endergonic (read as: en-der-GONE-ick) X) glycogen is a polysaccharide Y) glycogen side branches have beta 1,4 linkages Z) glycogen in the human liver often has more than 10,000 glucose monomers
Y) GLYCOGEN SIDE BRANCHES HAVE BETA 1,4 LINKAGES (Solution: beta-1,4 linkages are indigestible to humans and are found in cellulose. Glycogen has alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 linkages)
In which of the following areas of the human body is the zygomatic (read as: ZYE-go-MAT-ick) arch found: W) shoulder X) pelvis Y) head Z) knee
Y) HEAD
Which of the following gases will have the LOWEST freezing point: W) hydrogen X) water Y) helium Z) carbon dioxide
Y) HELIUM
What is the most appropriate term for the genetic character of an organism having a pair of identical alleles for a certain trait: W) dominant X) recessive Y) homozygous Z) heterozygous
Y) HOMOZYGOUS
Which of the following is TRUE: W) chimpanzees are an ancestor of Homo sapiens X) bipedal motion dominated hominoid ancestors by about 30 million years ago Y) humans and modern apes have a common ancestor Z) Neanderthals were ancestors to modern humans
Y) HUMANS AND MODERN APES HAVE A COMMON ANCESTOR
Which of the following is a metallic element, composes about 5% of the Earth's crust, oxidizes very easily, and when pure is a dark, silver-grey metal: W) cobalt X) nickel Y) iron Z) titanium
Y) IRON
Which of the following is a principal component of a siderite meteorite: W) neptunium X) carbon Y) iron Z) erbium
Y) IRON
In a safety crash test, a big truck and a small car have a head-on collision. What can we say about total system momentum? W) It is equal to zero X) It is less after the crash than before the crash Y) It is the same before and after the crash Z) It is more after the crash than before the crash
Y) IT IS THE SAME BEFORE AND AFTER THE CRASH
Which of the following represents a chemical property of sodium? W) It is less dense than water X) It has a melting point of 98.7 degrees Celsius Y) It reacts with water to release hydrogen gas Z) When cut with a knife, it has a shiny surface with a metallic luster
Y) IT REACTS WITH WATER TO RELEASE HYDROGEN GAS
Which of the following is true about the alpha particle? W) It is a hydrogen atom X) It was discovered by J.J. Thomson Y) It was used by Ernest Rutherford in experiments relating to the nucleus of the atom Z) It is purely electromagnetic radiation
Y) IT WAS USED BY ERNEST RUTHERFORD IN EXPERIMENTS RELATING TO THE NUCLEUS OF THE ATOM
John has twice the mass of Carl. They jump off a cliff into the water below. Just before the splash: W) John has half as much kinetic energy as Carl X) John and Carl have the same kinetic energy Y) John has twice as much kinetic energy as Carl Z) John has four times as much kinetic energy as Carl
Y) JOHN HAS TWICE AS MUCH KINETIC ENERGY AS CARL
Which of the following is a jaw-less fish: W) lungfish X) catfish Y) lamprey Z) sturgeon
Y) LAMPREY
Which of the following is NOT true: W) phosphorous is used in the manufacture of detergents X) nitric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizers Y) lead ore is most commonly mined in bauxite Z) flotation separation is used in the preparation of ores
Y) LEAD ORE IS MOST COMMONLY MINED IN BAUXITE (Solution: lead ore is galena)
Which of the following types of battery is most commonly used in automobiles? W) Lithium-ion (read as: LI-thee-uhm) X) Nickel Cadmium Y) Lead-acid Z) Zinc chloride
Y) LEAD-ACID
The amplitude of a sound wave most closely relates to its: W) frequency X) wavelength Y) loudness Z) overtones
Y) LOUDNESS
A molecular solid will most typically have which of the following melting points: W) very high X) high to very high Y) low Z) variable
Y) LOW
Which of the following is NOT a significant limitation to the further development of U.S. hydropower? W) Availability of sites for new large hydro facilities X) Regulatory requirements Y) Maintenance costs Z) Environmental concerns
Y) MAINTENANCE COSTS
Which of the following is an EXTENSIVE property of matter: W) temperature X) density Y) mass Z) viscosity
Y) MASS (Solution: extensive properties depend on the amount of substance present)
Which of the following is NOT true: W) any foreign substance added to water will cause a freezing point drop X) a nonvolatile solute raises the boiling point of a solvent Y) methane has a higher boiling point than ethane Z) freezing point depression is a colligative property
Y) METHANE HAS A HIGHER BOILING POINT THAN ETHANE
Which of the following is NOT true regarding ribosomes: W) they are about 20 nanometers in diameter X) eukaryotic ribosomes are slightly larger than prokaryotic ribosomes Y) mitochondrial ribosomes have 40S (read as: forty S) small subunits Z) they are found in chloroplasts
Y) MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMES HAVE 40S SMALL SUBUNITS
Which of the following BEST describes the function of the golgi (read as: GOAL-gee) complex: W) metabolism of carbohydrates X) production of peroxides Y) modification and packaging of proteins for exocytosis Z) storage of lipids
Y) MODIFICATION AND PACKAGING OF PROTEINS FOR EXOCYTOSIS
If a parent organism experiences a mutation, then all subsequent offspring of that individual will: W) Always carry the mutated gene, but only as a recessive X) Always carry the gene, but never express it phenotypically Y) Only carry the mutated gene if it is heritable Z) Never carry the gene as mutations cannot be heritable
Y) ONLY CARRY THE MUTATED GENE IF IT IS HERITABLE
Which of the following is LEAST accurate regarding non-fuel petroleum products: W) petroleum jelly is often used to make household toiletries X) asphalt is often used in making roof shingles Y) petrochemicals are used to make latex Z) printing inks and paint solvents are often petroleum-based
Y) PETROCHEMICALS ARE USED TO MAKE LATEX
According to the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, which of the following species cannot function as an acid? W) Water X) Hydrogen carbonate ion Y) Phosphate Z) Hydroxide
Y) PHOSPHATE
Which of the following is NOT true of globular proteins in mammals: W) most are soluble in water X) some serve as transport molecules in the plasma Y) plasma enzymes typically have an optimal operating pH of about 6.8 to 7.0 Z) most protein hormones are globular
Y) PLASMA ENZYMES TYPICALLY HAVE AN OPTIMAL OPERATING PH OF ABOUT 6.8 TO 7.0
Biomagnification is MOST likely to result in the concentration of toxic chemicals in: W) chemoautotrophs X) eutrophic lakes Y) primary consumers Z) primary producers
Y) PRIMARY CONSUMERS
Which trophic level has the most energy? W) Consumers X) Decomposers Y) Producers Z) Scavengers
Y) PRODUCERS
Which of the following is NOT generally true of reaction equilibria: W) if the temperature of an exothermic reaction is raised, the equilibrium shifts to the left X) the equilibrium constants for forward and reverse reactions are the reciprocals of each other Y) pure liquids appear in the equilibrium expression but pure solids do not Z) an equilibrium constant greater than 1 means that the reaction favors products at equilibrium
Y) PURE LIQUIDS APPEAR IN THE EQUILIBRIUM EXPRESSION BUT PURE SOLIDS DO NOT (Solution: pure solids and liquids do not appear in the equilibrium expression)
A child learns that mixing approximately equal amounts of the paint colors orange and green produces brown. This is an example of: W) additive color mixing X) summative color generation Y) subtractive color synthesis Z) neutral coloration
Y) SUBTRACTIVE COLOR SYNTHESIS
Wind can be harnessed to generate electricity via turbines. Which of the following is the greatest challenge to widespread use of wind for electricity? W) Wind turbines are huge, expensive, and not particularly aesthetic X) Wind has major negative ecological and environmental effects Y) Suitable locations for wind farms with sufficiently constant and fast winds are limited Z) Wind farms lead to significant loss of agricultural lands
Y) SUITABLE LOCATIONS FOR WIND FARMS WITH SUFFICIENTLY CONSTANT AND FAST WINDS ARE LIMITED
Upon which of the following does the mass of a body MOST directly depend: W) its magnetic properties X) how much volume it has Y) the amount of matter it contains Z) its location
Y) THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IT CONTAINS
Which of the following is NOT true: W) all central angles in a regular polygon are equal X) irregular polygons are not considered to have centers and have no central angles Y) the circumcircle of a regular polygon is the circle that passes through at least one vertex Z) all regular polygons are convex
Y) THE CIRCUMCIRCLE OF A REGULAR POLYGON IS THE CIRCLE THAT PASSES THROUGH AT LEAST ONE VERTEX
Which of the following BEST explains why a single base substitution in a gene-coding region for amino acids will sometimes lead to no change in amino acid sequence: W) all nucleotides are subject to the same mutation rate X) some nucleotide bases are covalently joined by stronger bonds Y) the code is degenerate with more than one triplet coding for the same amino acid Z) some amino acids act in the same fashion in determining the tertiary structure of a protein
Y) THE CODE IS DEGENERATE WITH MORE THAN ONE TRIPLET CODING FOR THE SAME AMINO ACID
The Chesapeake Bay Foundation has enlisted the help of volunteers to raise oysters within cages tied to docks just below the water's surface. Which of the following is the BEST reason why these amateur conservationists will not be tempted to eat their oysters: W) they are genetically engineered and their impact on human heath has not been assessed X) they were irradiated prior to seeding to ensure they were disease-free Y) there is a water pollution advisory against eating oysters grown within most of the watershed Z) some are equipped with a radio transmitter to allow biologists to easily measure population changes
Y) THERE IS A WATER POLLUTION ADVISORY AGAINST EATING OYSTERS GROWN WITHIN MOST OF THE WATERSHED
Which of the following statements is NOT true: W) an ideal gas cannot undergo condensation X) the less mass a particle has, the faster it will effuse Y) when a gas is compressed, its temperature always increases Z) a gas is easier to compress than a liquid
Y) WHEN A GAS IS COMPRESSED, ITS TEMPERATURE ALWAYS INCREASES
In which of the following instances would using a student t-test be most appropriate: W) comparing yes or no answers on a single question on a questionnaire X) determining statistical differences between 5 different age groups of males that received a drug that increases red blood cell production Y) finding the statistical differences between two groups in an experiment on a drug's effect in raising or lowering blood pressure Z) comparing the strengths of 5 different types of fishing lines
Y) finding the statistical differences between two groups in an experiment on a drug's effect in raising or lowering blood pressure
Which of the following BEST explains how cyclic AMP can cause so many different intracellular responses in a mammalian cell: W) it is produced in large quantities X) it migrates to the DNA where it binds to a variety of histones Y) it activates a wide variety of specific protein kinases Z) it prevents the activation of other hormonal signals
Y) it activates a wide variety of specific protein kinases
Which of the following is one of the main unique capabilities of the GLAST observatory: W) it operates completely on photovoltaic cells X) it contains the largest superconducting magnet in space Y) it can survey the entire celestial sphere several times each day Z) it orbits the Moon
Y) it can survey the entire celestial sphere several times each day
To early astrophysical researchers, the Sun was originally found to emit about one-third of the expected amount of neutrinos. Which of the following BEST explains why: W) about 66% of the neutrinos were deflected by the Earth's magnetic field X) two-thirds of the neutrinos were too energetic to be detected Y) neutrinos were changing flavor on their way to Earth Z) original estimations of the numbers emitted by the Sun were incorrect
Y) neutrinos were changing flavor on their way to Earth
Which of the following anthropogenic air pollutants is the major contributor to reduced visibility in most regions of the U.S., excluding fires and dust: W) elemental carbon X) hydrogen sulfide Y) sulfate particles Z) lead
Y) sulfate particles
Which of the following properties BEST explains why small liquid water droplets on a clean sheet of glass often coalesce into larger spherical water droplets: W) tensile strength X) capillary action Y) surface tension Z) viscosity
Y) surface tension
Which of the following is TRUE about any two successive terms in the Fibonacci sequence: W) their product is a Fibonacci number X) they are either both odd or both even Y) they are relatively prime Z) their quotient is the golden ratio
Y) they are relatively prime
Solve the quadratic equation 3x2 + 2x − 8 = 0 . W) x = 2 or − 4 X) x = 8 or −12 Y) x = −2 or 4/3 Z) x = 8 or − 4/3
Y) x = -2 OR 4/3
500 metric gigatons is approximately equal to how many pounds: W) 1.1 trillion X) 11 trillion Y) 110 trillion Z) 1,100 trillion
Z) 1,100 TRILLION (Solution: ~2205 × 500 × 1000 = 1,102,000,000)
A cylinder and a cone share the same radius and height. What is the ratio of the cylinder's volume to the cone's volume? W) 1:1 (read as: 1 to 1) X) 1.5:1 (read as: 1.5 to 1) Y) 2:1 (read as: 2 to 1) Z) 3:1 (read as: 3 to 1)
Z) 3:1
About how many calories per gram will it take to sublimate water at standard pressure: W) 180 X) 360 Y) 540 Z) 720
Z) 720 (Solution: sublimation is solid vapor; 80 cal + 100 cal + 540 cal = 720 cal)
One-fifth of 0.04% is equal to: W) 8 × 10-2 X) 8 × 10-3 Y) 8 × 10-4 Z) 8 × 10-5
Z) 8 × 10-5 (Solution: (0.2)(0.0004) = 0.00008)
In the northern hemisphere, which of the following degrees latitude would experience a length of day of 6 months: W) 0 X) 30 Y) 60 Z) 90
Z) 90
Which of the following is NOT true: W) a spring scale can be used to indirectly measure acceleration X) momentum is a vector Y) impulse is a vector Z) a change in direction of an object's motion cannot affect its momentum
Z) A CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF AN OBJECT'S MOTION CANNOT AFFECT ITS MOMENTUM
Charles law is particularly useful in explaining which of the following: W) dry air is more dense than humid air X) CO2 escapes from a bottle of soda when opened Y) the change in enthalpy when nitrogen and oxygen react to form nitrogen dioxide Z) a hot-air balloon rises when the air in the balloon is heated
Z) A HOT-AIR BALLOON RISES WHEN THE AIR IN THE BALLOON IS HEATED (Solution: W = Avogadro's law; X = Henry's law; Y = Hess's law)
What is the term for the rate at which an object's velocity changes with time? W) Instantaneous velocity X) Motion Y) Speed Z) Acceleration
Z) ACCELERATION
Which of the following is the main advantage for the use of geothermal heat pumps in the U.S.: W) geothermal steam reservoirs can be tapped almost anywhere in the U.S. X) heat can be delivered directly for its intended use Y) steam can be used to directly generate electricity Z) all areas of the U.S. have nearly constant shallow-ground temperatures
Z) ALL AREAS OF THE U.S. HAVE NEARLY CONSTANT SHALLOW-GROUND TEMPERATURES
Which of the following BEST describes how and why electrical resistance is related to temperature: W) as temperature increases, resistance decreases because electrons move faster X) as temperature increases, resistance decreases because electrons are lost from the conductor Y) as temperature increases, resistance increases because protons move faster Z) as temperature increases, resistance increases because atoms vibrate more, increasing electron scattering
Z) AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES, RESISTANCE INCREASES BECAUSE ATOMS VIBRATE MORE, INCREASING ELECTRON SCATTERING
Which of the following results will identify an unknown substance as a mixture instead of a compound? W) It cannot be separated by distillation X) It is homogeneous Y) It has a constant melting point Z) Centrifuging can separate the components
Z) CENTRIFUGING CAN SEPARATE THE COMPONENTS
Which of the following techniques employs a moving phase and a stationary phase to separate components of a mixture: W) filtration X) centrifugation Y) distillation Z) chromatography
Z) CHROMATOGRAPHY
Which of the following is NOT an endothermic process: W) sublimation X) melting Y) vaporization Z) condensation
Z) CONDENSATION
Aquaculture applications for geothermal energy are particularly promising for all of the following reasons, except: W) A variety of freshwater or marine organisms can be raised X) There is an abundance of geothermal resources at the required temperature range Y) Consistent water temperatures increase survival rates Z) Consistent water circulation enables year-round harvesting of consistently-sized fish
Z) CONSISTENT WATER CIRCULATION ENABLES YEAR-ROUND HARVESTING OF CONSISTENTLY-SIZED FISH
Which of the following most commonly functions to limit current to one direction: W) capacitor X) transformer Y) resistor Z) diode
Z) DIODE
Which of the following is NOT true of the most common form of DNA: W) it is a right-handed helix X) it has 3.4 nanometers between each successive nucleotide base of the same strand Y) the strands are considered anti-parallel Z) each strand has a 3-prime phosphate and a 5-prime hydroxyl at opposite ends
Z) EACH STRAND HAS A 3-PRIME PHOSPHATE AND A 5-PRIME HYDROXYL AT OPPOSITE ENDS
Hydrogen fuel cells use hydrogen to generate energy. Which of the following is true about hydrogen fuel cells? W) Fuel cells are similar to batteries and store hydrogen, which is an energy source by itself X) Fuel cells extract the hydrogen from other compounds in nature Y) Fuel cells dissolve water into hydrogen, creating oxygen and energy Z) Fuel cells convert chemical energy in hydrogen into electrical energy by combining hydrogen gas with oxygen from the air to produce water and energy
Z) FUEL CELLS CONVERT CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY BY COMBINING HYDROGEN GAS WITH OXYGEN FROM THE AIR TO PRODUCE WATER AND ENERGY
The combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population is known as the: W) Allele (read as: ah-LEEL) frequency X) Genome Y) Directional selection Z) Gene pool
Z) GENE POOL
Gas to liquids, or GTL, fuels are produced by converting natural gas into liquid fuels. Which of the following is NOT a benefit for production and use of GTL fuels? W) They are cleaner than conventional petroleum-based diesel fuel X) They are compatible with the current petroleum infrastructure Y) They can be produced domestically Z) GTL plants are relatively inexpensive to build
Z) GTL PLANTS ARE RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE TO BUILD
Which of the following gases has the highest effusion rate through a pinhole opening from one compartment to another and at room temperature: W) argon X) CO2 Y) SO2 Z) helium
Z) HELIUM
Martin is swinging a yo-yo in a large room with a circular motion perpendicular to a level floor. If the yo-yo breaks away from its string at the top of the yo-yo's circular path, in what direction will the yo-yo initially move: W) at an angle between horizontal and vertical X) straight up, toward the ceiling Y) straight down, to the floor Z) horizontally, tangent to its original circular path
Z) HORIZONTALLY, TANGENT TO ITS ORIGINAL CIRCULAR PATH
An increase in which of the following conditions would NOT lead to an increase in pressure of a gas in a piston: W) increased temperature X) increased number of gas molecules Y) increased average kinetic energy of gas particles Z) increased volume
Z) INCREASED VOLUME
Which of the following is NOT generally true of activation energies in chemical reactions: W) activation energies vary from reaction to reaction X) the Arrhenius equation can be used to determine the activation energy of a reaction Y) the lower the activation energy is, the faster the reaction Z) increasing the temperature of a reaction decreases the activation energy
Z) INCREASING THE TEMPERATURE OF A REACTION DECREASES THE ACTIVATION ENERGY
What kind of behavior causes bees to visit flowers to collectnectar and pollen? W) Learned X) Conditioned Y) Sensitization Z) Instinctual
Z) INSTINCTUAL
Which of the following classifications of crystalline solids is NOT true: W) quartz is a covalent network solid X) calcium carbonate is an ionic solid Y) sucrose is a molecular solid Z) iron sulfide is a glassy solid)
Z) IRON SULFIDE IS A GLASSY SOLID
Which of the following is the most common method of producing alternating current? W) Circuits varying from parallel to series X) Switches automatically turning on and off Y) Turbines rotating backwards and forwards Z) Magnets spinning in a coil of wire
Z) MAGNETS SPINNING IN A COIL OF WIRE
Which of the following would be LEAST applicable for determining the end point in a titration experiment: W) pH meter X) phenolphthalein (read as: fee-knoll-THAY-lean) solution Y) potentiometer Z) mass spectrometry
Z) MASS SPECTROMETRY
How is geothermal power produced? W) Heat energy is extracted from high temperature lava after eruptions X) Water from extremely hot springs is circulated in pipes in nearby homes for heating Y) Hot dry volcanic rocks are extracted from deep underground and processed in place at a geothermal plant Z) Mile-or-more-deep wells are drilled into underground reservoirs to tap steam and very hot water that drive turbines
Z) MILE-OR-MORE-DEEP WELLS ARE DRILLED INTO UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS TO TAP STEAM AND VERY HOT WATER THAT DRIVE TURBINES
Which of the following units can be used to express the volume of a liquid? W) Micrometers X) Milligrams Y) Grams per cubic centimeter Z) Nanoliters
Z) NANOLITERS
Which of the following ions does NOT have a noble gas electron configuration in ionic compounds: W) Ca2+ X) F- Y) Al3+ Z) Na-
Z) Na-
Which of the following does NOT belong to the Arthropoda: W) Arachnida X) Diplopoda Y) Chilopoda Z) Nematoda
Z) Nematoda
Under which of the following conditions is the average velocity equal to the average of an object's initial and final velocity: W) always X) never Y) only when the acceleration changes Z) only when the acceleration is constant
Z) ONLY WHEN THE ACCELERATION IS CONSTANT
According to EPA nationwide emission trends for common air pollutants and excluding fires and dust, which of the following accounted for the least amount of emissions in the past 5 years: W) volatile organic compounds X) carbon monoxide Y) sulfur dioxide Z) particulate matter
Z) PARTICULATE MATTER (Solution: VOC ~ 15; CO ~ 81 mT/yr; SO2 ~ 13; particulates ~ 3)
Which of the following is a substance that is generally considered friable: W) concrete X) topaz Y) quartz Z) perlite
Z) PERLITE (Solution: it is easily reduced to smaller pieces with little effort)
Which of the following is NOT true: W) only a few harmful algal bloom species actually produce toxins that are poisonous to people X) algal blooms occur in marine and freshwater environments Y) algal blooms can occur in the open ocean far from any coastal inlets Z) pollution is always to blame for harmful algal blooms along coastal waters
Z) POLLUTION IS ALWAYS TO BLAME FOR HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS ALONG COASTAL WATERS
Which of the following 1.0 molar solutions will have the largest change in boiling point from that of pure water? W) Sodium bromide X) Magnesium iodide Y) Sucrose Z) Potassium phosphate
Z) POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE
A standard rain gauge consists of a metal canister open at the top in which a funnel drains rainwater into a narrow cylinder. Each time they are deployed to the field, a small amount of light oil is added to the cylinder. This is done to: W) deter birds from drinking the water X) stop the canister from oxidizing Y) prevent the growth of blue-green algae Z) prevent water evaporation
Z) PREVENT WATER EVAPORATION
With which of the following does human interstitial fluid differ in concentration the most when compared with plasma: W) sodium ions X) potassium ions Y) magnesium ions Z) proteins
Z) PROTEINS
What term best describes the type of reaction that converts uranium in the soil to radon? W) Acid-base X) Fusion Y) Electromagnetic radiation Z) Radioactive decay
Z) RADIOACTIVE DECAY
Which of the following is the device in a galvanic cell that completes the electric circuit by connecting the two sides of the cell with an inert electrolyte: W) electrolytic reservoir X) cathode Y) conducting wire Z) salt bridge
Z) SALT BRIDGE
Which of the following substances is transported into cells via carrier-assisted transport? W) Water X) Carbon dioxide Y) Oxygen Z) Sodium ion
Z) SODIUM ION
In recent years, honey bee populations have been decreasing. What impact would the extinction of honey bees have on human agriculture? W) Different types of pollinators could be used; there would be no impact on agriculture X) All honey bee pollinated plants would go extinct Y) Plants would asexually reproduce instead; there would be no impact on agriculture Z) Some species are only pollinated by honey bees and would therefore need to be hand pollinated or face extinction
Z) SOME SPECIES ARE ONLY POLLINATED BY HONEY BEES AND WOULD THEREFORE NEED TO BE HAND POLLINATED OR FACE EXTINCTION
Which of the following is the MOST reliable measure of the remaining percentage of stored energy in a lead acid battery: W) pH of the electrolyte X) voltage remaining in the battery as measured on a voltmeter Y) amount of oxygen gas released Z) specific gravity of the electrolyte
Z) SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE ELECTROLYTE
Of which of the following acid-base titrations would the pH be less than 7 at the equivalence point? W) Strong base, weak acid X) Strong base, strong acid Y) Weak base, weak acid Z) Strong acid, weak base
Z) STRONG ACID, WEAK BASE
Which of the following has a melting point of 185ºC and readily dissolves in water at room temperature, but is NOT an electrolyte: W) NaCl X) decane Y) methane Z) sucrose
Z) SUCROSE
Which of the following BEST describes what the term virulence means: W) the specificity of a virus to cause disease in a certain host X) the ability of a microbe to cause cellular damage Y) any transmissible disease caused by a microbe Z) the degree to which a microbe causes disease or harm to its host
Z) THE DEGREE TO WHICH A MICROBE CAUSES DISEASE OR HARM TO ITS HOST
A rock is dropped from a building, and a second rock is dropped one second later. Ignoring air resistance, what happens to the distance between the two rocks over time until one lands? W) The distance between them will depend on the masses of the rocks X) The distance between them will decrease Y) The distance between them will stay the same Z) The distance between them will increase
Z) THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM WILL INCREASE
Salmon dine on smaller fish like tiny herring, thus acquiring the energy in the herring's meat. The herring ate a lot of food energy over its lifetime that was not transferred to the salmon, however. What happened to that energy? W) The energy was destroyed by electrical impulses X) The herring converted the energy to oxygen Y) The herring converted the energy to carbon dioxide Z) The herring used the energy of its food for metabolic processes and entropy
Z) THE HERRING USED THE ENERGY OF ITS FOOD FOR METABOLIC PROCESSES AND ENTROPY
Which of the following is NOT true: W) over 50% of all stars that appear to be single are double or multiple systems X) aurora borealis can occur in all 4 seasons Y) tetanus toxin causes muscle stiffness in affected humans Z) the Large Hadron Collider at CERN began colliding electrons in September of 2008
Z) THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER AT CERN BEGAN COLLIDING ELECTRONS IN SEPTEMBER OF 2008 (Solution: the LHA collides hadrons...electrons are leptons)
Which of the following is true of genetic mutations? W) They are always harmful and usually hurt the organism X) They are always beneficial and frequently help the organism adapt to the environment Y) They are not natural and should not happen unless something goes wrong Z) They can be harmful, helpful, or have no effect on the organism
Z) THEY CAN BE HARMFUL, HELPFUL, OR HAVE NO EFFECT ON THE ORGANISM
Euglena are unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom Protista. Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of euglena? W) They can make their own food by photosynthesis X) They can absorb food from their environment Y) They move by the motion of their flagella Z) They prefer saltwater
Z) THEY PREFER SALTWATER
Which of the following are elements in the Periodic Table whose outer shell electrons are on two principal energy levels: W) alkali metals X) noble gases Y) alkaline Earth metals Z) transition elements
Z) TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Roberto lives in Florida. Which of the following is NOT a way that he could use less energy at home? W) Close the window curtains during the day in the summer X) Open the curtains on south-facing windows during the day in the winter Y) Hang his wet clothes on clotheslines outside when it is sunny Z) Turn thermostats to a colder temperature during the summer
Z) TURN THERMOSTATS TO A COLDER TEMPERATURE DURING THE SUMMER
Which of the following could be considered a multicellular eukaryotic (read as: yew-KEHR-ee-otic) heterotroph whose cells lack cell walls? W) Fern X) Bacterium Y) Euglena Z) Whip scorpion
Z) WHIP SCORPION
Which of the following BEST describes one of Maxwell's equations that is a mathematical conceptualization of Faraday's law: W) a magnetic B-field is a solenoid vector field X) an EMF induced in a conductor opposes that motion Y) induced currents are caused by the magnetic field and in opposition to the opposed flux Z) a time-varying B-field produces an E-field
Z) a time-varying B-field produces an E-field
Which of the following is a function of the pollen tube in flowering plants: W) attaches pollen to the developing anther X) allows pollen to absorb nutrients as they develop in the anther Y) enables the ovule to breach through the micropyle Z) carries the sperm nuclei to the ovule
Z) carries the sperm nuclei to the ovule
Which of the following best illustrates a limitation of a supercapacitor, or electric double-layer capacitor, versus an electrochemical battery: W) virtually unlimited cycle life X) rapid recharging Y) low impedance Z) high self-discharge rate
Z) high self-discharge rate
For a given time interval, when is the average velocity of an object equal to the instantaneous velocity for every time in the interval: W) never X) always Y) only when the velocity is changing at a constant rate Z) only when the velocity is constant
Z) only when the velocity is constant
Which of the following BEST describes the function of a spliceosome (read as: SPLY-see-oh-zome): W) splicing DNA together during replication X) splicing out mutations Y) joining multiple copies of structural genes Z) removing introns
Z) removing introns
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the burning of biodiesel versus gasoline in automobile engines: W) biodiesel combustion does not emit SO2 X) biodiesel contains more oxygen than gasoline Y) the CO2 released when biodiesel is burned is the same CO2 the plants removed from the atmosphere as they grew Z) the energy content per gallon of biodiesel is approximately 28% lower than that of ethanol
Z) the energy content per gallon of biodiesel is approximately 28% lower than that of ethanol
Which of the following BEST describes how one would compute the speed for a sound wave through a liquid: W) the square of the density of liquid divided by its bulk modulus X) the square of the bulk modulus of the liquid divided by its density Y) the square root of the density of liquid divided by its bulk modulus Z) the square root of the bulk modulus of the liquid divided by its density
Z) the square root of the bulk modulus of the liquid divided by its density
Which of the following BEST describes how the most accurate value for the gravitational constant has been determined: W) through theoretical calculations from General Relativity X) through theoretical calculations using the masses and motions of certain celestial bodies Y) through theoretical calculations from quantum electrodynamics Z) through experimentation
Z) through experimentation
Which of the following vitamins is NOT properly matched with its function in humans: W) vitamin E and antioxidant action X) vitamin C and collagen production Y) vitamin D and calcium absorption Z) vitamin A and absorption of iron
Z) vitamin A and absorption of iron
How many neutrons does the most common isotope of hydrogen have?
ZERO
What matrix is the multiplicative inverse of the 2 by 2 matrix█(3 1@5 2 ) (read as: row 1: 3, 1; row 2: 5, 2).
[█(2 ⁻1@⁻5 3)]
Simplify the following, giving your answer in simplest radical form: 9 x6 (read as: the ninth root of x to the sixth power)
cube root of x squared
Give all solutions for h in the following equation: h2 + 3h = - 2.
h = -2 AND h = -1
What is the spin of the muon, in quantum units?
½ (Solution: muons are fermions which have a spin of ½)
What matrix of integers is equal to 3 - (read as: 3[█(⁻2 1 @ 0 5 )]-[█(4 0@⁻4 1 )] times the 2 by 2 matrix with row 1: -2, 1, and row 2: 0, 5 minus the 2 by 2 matrix row 1: 4, 0, and row 2: negative 4, 1)
█(⁻10 3@ 4 14)
Giving your answer as an ordered pair, find the solution of the system of the following 2 equations: x = 2/3y - 2 and x = y - 3:
(0, 3)
The point (1, 2) is reflected across the x axis. What are the coordinates of its image?
(1, -2)
The point (3, 2) is reflected across the graph of y = 6 and the resulting point is then reflected across the graph of y = x. What are the coordinates of the final point?
(10, 3) (Solution: the 1st reflection (3,10); 2nd reflection interchanges the x and y coordinates)
Factor the following expression completely over the integers:16a^4 - 81b^4
(4a^2+9b^2)(2a+3b)(2a-3b)
An organic compound with the formula C6H14 is an: W) alkane X) alkene Y) alkyne Z) arene
W) ALKANE (Solution: alkanes = CnH2n+2)
Which of the following is one of the main reasons why oxygenates are used as gasoline additives: W) allow for more complete combustion X) decrease sulfur buildup in engine pistons Y) prevent water condensation in stored fuels Z) corrosion inhibition
W) ALLOW FOR MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION
Which of the following is a weak electrolyte: W) ammonia X) dilute sulfuric acid Y) 1 molar sodium chloride Z) dilute perchloric acid
W) AMMONIA
Which of the following is the p value for F = 0 in an ANOVA F test: W) 0.00 X) 0.50 Y) 0.95 Z) 1.00
Z) 1.00
Which of the following is a quadratic equation with a root of multiplicity of 2: W) 9x^2 - 30x^2 + 25 = 0 X) x^2 + 2x - 15 = 0 Y) 6x^2 - 11x - 2 = 0 Z) 4x^2 - 1 = 0
W) 9x^2 - 30x^2 + 25 = 0 (Solution: x = 5/3)
Which of the following is NOT true: W) a reaction that requires free energy is spontaneous X) gases, as a group, have higher entropies than liquids Y) standard molar entropies of pure substances are always positive values Z) spontaneous processes involve non-equilibrium conditions
W) A REACTION THAT REQUIRES FREE ENERGY IS SPONTANEOUS
The slope of a velocity versus time graph represents: W) acceleration X) velocity Y) position Z) displacement
W) ACCELERATION
Darwin's finches differ from other finches in the size and shape of their beaks. Which of the following factors has been identified as the major influence on the development of the differing beaks? W) Access to different food sources X) Sexual competition Y) Protection against predators Z) Genetic drift
W) ACCESS TO DIFFERENT FOOD SOURCES
Multiply the following, giving your answer in standard form and without negative exponents or radicals: [a^(2/3) + b^(2/3)]^2
a^(4/3) + 2a^(2/3) * b^(2/3) + b^(4/3)
What are the coordinates of the hole in the graph of the function, g(x) = (2x^2-8) / (x-2)
(2, 8) (Solution: simplifies to 2(x + 2); graph looks like a line except at the indicated hole)
Giving your answer in simplest radical form, rationalize the denominator of the following expression: (-3sqrt2)/(sqrt3 - sqrt5)
(3 sqrt6 + 3 sqrt10)/ 2 ( ACCEPT: 3/2 (sqrt6 + sqrt10)
What is the determinant of a 2-by-2 square matrix whose rows are 4, 2 and -3, -4?
-10 (Solution: D = ad - bc = 4(-4) - (-3)(2) = -10)
Providing your answer to the nearest degree, what is absolute zero in degrees Celsius?
-273 DEGREES CELSIUS (ACCEPT: 273 DEGREES CELSIUS BELOW ZERO)
What is the Gibbs free energy, in joules, of chlorine gas formation?
0
What is the acceleration of a falling body in meters per second squared after it reaches terminal velocity?
0
What is the oxidation state of Hydrogen in H2?
0
Solve the following inequality for x: x^2 < 3x
0 < x < 3
Solve the following equation for all real values of X: (1/8)x^2 - (1/4)x - 1 = 0
4 OR -2
Solve the following equation for x: 2^7 x 2^(x^2-2) = 2^21
4 OR -4 (ACCEPT: x=±4) (Solution: 7 + x^2 - 2 = 21; x = 4 and -4)
Solve the following equation for x: 2^7 x 2^(x^2-2)=2 ^21
4 OR -4 (ACCEPT: x=±4) (Solution: 7 + x^2 - 2 = 21; x = 4 and -4)
At normal operating speed for a motor vehicle, how many times as much kinetic energy does a car have if its velocity is doubled?
4 TIMES
By name or number, which of the following four types of mixtures are generally considered homogeneous? 1) alloy, 2) suspension, 3) emulsion, 4) colloid
1) ALLOY
Name the LARGEST atom or ion in EACH of the following 3 pairs: 1) an iron 3 plus ion or an iron 2 plus ion 2) an oxygen atom or an oxygen 2 minus ion 3) a gallium 3 plus ion or a gallium atom
1) IRON 2 PLUS ION; 2) OXYGEN 2 MINUS ION; 3) GALLIUM ATOM
What are the first three terms of the Taylor series for e^x at 0?
1, x, x^2/2 (ACCEPT: 1, x/1!, x^2/2!)
Convert 1 cubic decimeter into cubic centimeters:
1,000
Meteorologists commonly use the hectopascal for air pressure. 1,000 hectopascals equals how many millibars?
1,000 (Solution: 1 Hpa = 1 mb)
0.001 grams per cubic millimeter into kilograms per cubic meter:
1,000 (ACCEPT: 1 × 10^3)
What particle of an atom is most directly responsible for the emission of light when an atom is excited by electromagnetic radiation?
ELECTRON
What property of a sound wave most directly determines the pitch of a violin's note?
FREQUENCY
The graph of the polar equation, r = 5 - 5 cosine θ, is a cardioid. In which two quadrants is most of the area of this cardioid?
II AND III (ACCEPT: 2 AND 3 or SECOND AND THIRD)
Mirages, such as the silvery glimmer you sometimes see on a distant hot highway, are caused by heating of the air near the ground. What relevant property of the heated air is changed?
INDEX OF REFRACTION (ACCEPT: DENSITY OF THE AIR)
If 8x3 - 4y = -16x, express y as a function of x in simplest form.
y = 2x3 + 4x
Giving your answer in standard form, what is the last term in the binomial expansion of the following: (x + y)^6
y^6
Short Answer Giving your answer in scientific notation, convert 10 square meters into square millimeters:
1 × 10^7 (DO NOT ACCEPT: 10^7)
Express 600º in radians as a reduced fraction in terms of π:
10π/3
What is the side of a square, in centimeters to the nearest whole number, given that its diagonal is 16 centimeters?
11 (Solution: s = 16/ sqrt(2) = 11.3 cm)
What is the complex conjugate of the product of 3 + 6i and -10 - 7i?
12 + 81i
If the shortest leg of a 30-60-90 right triangle is 6 inches, what is the measure, in inches, of the other 2 sides?
12 AND 6 sqrt 3
An emergency floodlight draws 1 ampere from its battery pack. How many coulombs will flow through the light in 4 hours?
14,400
Which law of thermodynamics could be stated as: energy tends to distribute itself among the greatest number of particles possible?
2ND (ACCEPT: LAW OF ENTROPY)
A 4.0 gram sample of calcium chloride contains 6.0 × 1022 cations. Giving your answer in scientific notation to the nearest whole number, determine the number of anions in 2 grams of CaCl2. Assume the atomic mass of calcium is 40 and chloride is 35.
6 × 1022 (Solution: (2g CaCl2)(6.0 × 1022 Ca2+/4g CaCl2)(2 Cl-/1 Ca2+) = 6.0 × 1022 Cl-)
A 4.0 gram sample of calcium chloride contains 6.0 × 1022 cations. Giving your answer in scientific notation to the nearest whole number, determine the number of anions in 2 grams of CaCl2. Assume the atomic mass of calcium is 40 and chloride is 35.
6 × 10^22 (Solution: (2g CaCl2)(6.0 × 10^22 Ca2+/4g CaCl2)(2 Cl-/1 Ca^2+) = 6.0 × 10^22 Cl-)
How many solutions are there for the equation, cosine 4x = 1/2, for the interval 0 ≤ x < 2π?
8 (Solution: 4 cycles, 2 solutions per cycle)
The curve defined by the equation, Ax^2 + Bx + Cy^2 + Dy + E =0, can be an ellipse if which of the constants are positive?
A AND C
Solve the following equation for x: -10 |(x + 2)| = -50 (read as: negative 10 times the absolute value of, open parenthesis, x + 2, close parenthesis, equals negative 50)
3 AND -7
By words or numbers, name all of the following 4 choices that are TRUE for an object moving at a constant speed: 1) it must have a constant velocity 2) it must be constantly moving in the same direction 3) it can be accelerating 4) it must have a constant weight
3) IT CAN BE ACCELERATING
One side of an equilateral triangle is 6. In simplest form, what is the altitude?
3√3
A jar of 100 marbles contains only 2 colors of marbles, red and blue. If there are 13 red marbles for every 12 blue marbles, how many blue marbles are in the jar?
48 (Solution: 12/25 = B/100, B = 48)
Find the area, in centimeters squared and in simplest radical form, of a regular or equilateral triangle whose circumcircle has a radius of 8 centimeters:
48 sqrt3 (Solution: apothem = 4; perimeter = (8 sqrt3)(3); A = ½(4)(24 sqrt3) = 48 sqrt3 cm^2)
Solve the following inequality for x: |(x + 5)| > -7 (read as: the absolute value of, open parenthesis, x + 5, close parenthesis, is greater than -7)
ALL REAL NUMBERS (or: + INFINITY TO -INFINITY)
Uranium-238 and plutonium-239, primarily decay by what mode?
ALPHA (ACCEPT: ALPHA EMISSION or ALPHA DECAY)
What are the two forms of electrical current?
ALTERNATING AND DIRECT CURRENT (ACCEPT: AC AND DC)
What are the common names for the 2 functional groups that combine to form a peptide bond?
AMINO; CARBOXYL (ACCEPT: AMINE AND CARBOXYLIC ACID)
What do we call the ability of a single molecule to act both as a base and an acid?
AMPHOTERISM
What is the term that describes the separation of visible light into its component colors by a prism?
DISPERSION
What boson is the only particle predicted by the Standard Model of Particle Physics that had not yet been observed as of June 2008?
HIGGS BOSON (ACCEPT: HIGGS)
Simplify the following expression, where a is not equal to zero if b = 0 or if b = -1: (a^b^2)(a^b)
a^(b^2 +b)
A viper had a length of 30 centimeters at 6 months of age and a length of 1.3 meters at 15 years old. Assuming that its growth was linear, which of the following is closest to its length in meters at 10 years old? W) 0.6 X) 0.8 Y) 1 Z) 1.2
Y) 1
Which of the following is the theoretical end of a titration: W) end point X) indicator point Y) equivalence point Z) standardization point
Y) EQUIVALENCE POINT (Solution: end point is the observed end of a titration)
Simplify i^17 (read as: i to the 17th power):
i (Solution: i^17 = i^1 = i)
Name all of the following 3 sub-atomic particles that interact with all 4 of the fundamental forces: electron; quarks; neutrino
quarks
Solve the following equation for x: 2√x=x-15
x = 25 (DO NOT ACCEPT: x = 9)
How many unpaired electrons are in a neutral bromine atom?
1
You need to prepare 500 milliliters of a 0.100 molar NaOH solution from a 0.250 molar solution. What volume, in milliliters, of the 0.250 molar solution must be diluted to 500 milliliters?
200 (Solution: M1V1 = M2V2; (0.250M)(x) = (0.100M)(500ml), x = 200 ml)
If 200 coulombs pass through a wire in 0.5 seconds, what is the average current, in amps, passing through the wire?
400
What causes low-pressure weather systems, such as tropical cyclones, to spin counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere?
CORIOLIS EFFECT (ACCEPT: CORIOLIS FORCE, ROTATION OF THE EARTH)
What is the area of the human brain that functions to allow the two hemispheres to communicate?
CORPUS CALLOSUM
Find the cotangent and cosecant, respectively, of a 90º angle:
COTAN = 0; COSECANT = 1
What is the SI unit of electric charge?
COULOMB
What are the names for the pyrimidine bases found in DNA?
CYTOSINE; THYMINE
If a car is accelerating along a road, the force acting on the car that causes it to move forward is the reaction force from the car pushing on the ground. What is this reaction force due to?
FRICTION BETWEEN THE TIRE AND THE GROUND (ACCEPT: FRICTION)
What is the most common term for the direct addition of water to an alkene (read as: al-KEEN) to make an alcohol?
HYDRATION
When a strip of sodium reacts with dilute HCl, what gas is produced?
HYDROGEN
What type of interaction occurs between molecules of H2O that causes it to have a higher boiling point than H2S?
HYDROGEN BONDING
What adjective is used to describe a set that can be placed in one-toone correspondence with a subset of itself?
INFINITE
If the electronegativity difference in the bonding atoms is large, what general type of bond is formed?
IONIC
Short Answer Give the chemical name for the compound formed when pure iron and pure sulfur are mixed together and heated:
IRON SULFIDE (ACCEPT: IRON(II) SULFIDE or FERROUS SULFIDE)
According to general solubility rules, name all of the following 5 substances that are NOT soluble in water: lithium iodide; sodium chloride; iron(II) hydroxide; sodium nitrate; barium sulfate
IRON(II) HYDROXIDE; BARIUM SULFATE
Sieve cells and sieve tube members are types of what specific conductive plant cell type?
PHLOEM
Through what two particles is most of the energy released by a star like our Sun?
PHOTONS AND NEUTRINOS
What specific biological process is believed to have produced most of the diatomic oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Order the following 5 taxonomic group with the MOST members to the one with the FEWEST members: genus; order; phylum; class; family
PHYLUM; CLASS; ORDER; FAMILY; GENUS
From what vitamin is the electron carrier FAD (read as: F, A, D) derived?
RIBOFLAVIN (ACCEPT: VITAMIN B2)
An aqueous solution in which the concentration of OH- ions is greater than that of H+ ions is: W) basic X) acidic Y) neutral Z) in equilibrium
W) BASIC
Which of the following is a substance whose molecular and empirical formulas are NOT the same: W) benzene X) water Y) ammonia Z) sulfur dioxide
W) BENZENE
Pyrex glass contains many of the same components as soda lime glass but in addition contains at least 5%: W) boric acid X) pure silica Y) clay Z) dyes
W) BORIC ACID
Order the following 3 choices from the EARLIEST stage to the LATEST stage of ovarian follicle development, and identify which of the structures is typically the LARGEST: secondary follicle; corpus luteum; corpus albicans
SECONDARY FOLLICLE; CORPUS LUTEUM; CORPUS ALBICANS; LARGEST = CORPUS LUTEUM
The terminal side of angle θ (read as: theta) in standard position passes through the point (-5, 12). Find the sine, cosine and tangent, in fractional form:
SIN = 12/13; COS = -5/13; TAN = -12/5
In an alternating electric current, what is the term most commonly used to describe the tendency of charged particles to travel along the surface of their conductor?
SKIN EFFECT
Given the equation 2x - y + 5 = 0, find the slope and y-intercept of the line it represents.
SLOPE = 2; Y-INTERCEPT = 5 OR (0, 5)
According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for the sulfite ion?
SO32- (ACCEPT: SO3-2)
What 2 ions are most directly involved with the conduction of a nerve cell message down an axon?
SODIUM AND POTASSIUM (ACCEPT: Na+ AND K+)
Jan is riding her bike northward on Main Street at 20 kilometers per hour and applies her brakes. In what direction would a physicist MOST likely record her acceleration?
SOUTH
What is the scientific term for the ratio between the density of a given substance to that of water when both are at the same temperature?
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (ACCEPT: RELATIVE DENSITY)
What is the scientific name for the openings in the grasshopper body through which air enters?
SPIRACLES
In photosynthesis II (read as: two), what is light energy most notably used to initially accomplish?
SPLITTING OF WATER
A circuit with 2 different resistors wired in series will have a total resistance that is: W) equal to the sum of the two resistances X) less than either resistance Y) equal to that of the greater resistance Z) equal to that of the lesser resistance
W) EQUAL TO THE SUM OF THE TWO RESISTANCES
Which of the following substances is water soluble: W) ethanol X) dichloro-methane Y) chloroform Z) benzene
W) ETHANOL
Which of the following would BEST describe the quaternary structure of collagen: W) fibrous X) globular Y) planar Z) transport
W) FIBROUS
If you were using a 50-millimeter camera lens and changed the lens aperture from 8.0 to 5.6, about how much LESS light would the lens be allowing to pass through it: W) 60% less X) 50% less Y) 35% less Z) 22% less
X) 50% LESS (Solution: 5.6/8.0 = 0.70; (0.70)^2 = 0.49 ~ 50%)
Which of the following is closest to the diameter of a plasmodesmata (read as: PLAS-mo-dez-MAH-tah): W) 2 angstroms X) 60 nanometers Y) 80 microns Z) 180 microns
X) 60 nanometers (Solution: this is the only logical size considering the average plant cell size and the size of transported molecules)
How many walking legs are found in arachnids?
8
What is the van 't Hoff factor for glucose?
1
What is the largest triangular number less than 25?
21
Determine the slope of the line that has the equation: y - 14 = 7 (x + 2) - 5.
7
In a strong acid-base titration, what is the pH of the solution when the equivalence point is reached?
7
What are the 2 basic categories of lymphocyte cells?
T AND B (ACCEPT: B AND T CELLS)
What is the common name for the product of human lachrymal (read as: LACK-reh-mal) glands?
TEARS
How many atoms of each element are in the following molecule: Al2(SO4)3
Al = 2; S = 3; O = 12
Which of the following is considered a weak acid: W) HCO2H X) HClO4 Y) HNO3 Z) HBr
W) HCO2H
Which of the following is a common ion? W) Na2+ X) Al3+ Y) B2+ Z) Kr2+
X) Al3+
If $10,000 is placed in a savings account that pays 5% interest compounded annually, what is the total amount of money in the account at the end of 2 years, to the nearest dollar?
$11,025 (Solution: A = P[1 + (r/n)]nt; = $10,000[1 + (0.05/1)](1x2) = $11,025)
If a 250 acre farm were leased for wind evelopment with income of $50 per acre per year, how much income would be produced each year?
$12,500
Solve the following equation for x over the integers: x^2 = 3x
0; 3
Giving your answer as a proper fraction, what is the cube root of 125/343?
5/7
Convert 2,000 meters per second into kilometers per hour:
7,200
What is a common name for adipose tissue?
FAT
The sinoatrial (read as: sine-oh-AYE-tree-al) node is located in what human organ?
HEART
What is the name of the sex-linked genetic disorder that is characterized by excessive bleeding?
HEMOPHILIA
What is the characteristic shape of tourmaline crystals?
HEXAGONAL
What is the BEST term for the tendency of any mass at rest to remain at rest?
INERTIA
Factor the following expression completely over the integers: x^4 - 16
(x - 2)(x + 2)(x^2 + 4)
Add the following rational expressions and give your answer in fully factored form: (x/(x+2)) + (4x/(x-6))
(x(5x+2))/((x-6)(x+2))
What is the oxidation number of manganese in potassium permanganate?
+7
What is the oxidation state of Hydrogen in LiAlH4?
-1
Providing your answer as a decimal to the nearest tenth, if you start with 3 grams of Carbon-14, how many grams of isotope will remain after 3 half lives?
0.4
Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence whose first three terms are 7, 11, and 15:
250
Find the sum of all interior angles, in degrees, in a regular polygon having 100 sides:
17,640 (Solution: (100 - 2)(180) = 17,640º)
How many grams of sodium chloride is in 2,000 milliliters of 0.9% NaCl solution?
18 (Solution: 0.9g/100 mL × 2000 mL = 18.0 g)
Convert the angle, 18º18'36" (read as: 18 degrees, 18 minutes, 36 seconds) to degrees, to the second decimal place:
18.31 (Solution: 18 + 18/60 + 36/3600 = 18.31)
Consider an organ pipe open at both ends. For a standing wave in the pipe, what is the wavelength of the fundamental tone, in terms of the pipe's length?
2 (ACCEPT: 2 PIPE LENGTHS)
What is the overall reaction order for the following rate law: rate = k[NH4+][NO2-] (read as: k times the concentration of NH4+ times the concentration of NO2-)
2 (ACCEPT: 2nd ORDER) (Solution: exponents 1 + 1 = 2)
If Emily can paint a fence in 4 hours but Kathy takes 6 hours, how many hours will it take them to paint the fence if they work together?
2 2/5 or 12/5 or 2.4 (Solution: 1/x = 1/4 + 1/6; x = 12/5 hrs or 2 2/5 hrs)
Find the inverse of the 2-by-2 matrix whose rows are 3, 5 and 7, -2. Give your answer in rows.
2/41, 5/41, 7/41, 3/41
Rounded to the nearest whole degree, what is the obliquity of the ecliptic?
23 (ACCEPT: 24)
Assuming the universal gravitational constant is 6.67 × 10^-11 newton-meters squared per kilogram squared, what is the gravitational attraction, in newtons, between two, 10-kilogram perfectly uniform spheres separated by a center-to-center distance of 10 meters?
6.67 × 10^-11 (Solution: F = [(6.67 × 10^-11)(10)(10)]/10^2 = 6.67 × 10^-11 NEWTONS)
What is the least common denominator of the following 3 fractions: 2/5,7/6 and 7/12
60
Convert 140ºF into degrees Celsius:
60 (Solution: 5/9(140º - 32º) = 60º C)
What is the sum of the first 5 terms of the geometric sequence in which the first term is 2 and the common ratio is 2?
62 (Solution: 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 62)
Which of the following points is closest to the point (1, -2): W) (3, -5) X) (0, 3) Y) (3, 0) Z) (-5, -5)
ANSWER: Y) (3, 0)
What was the electrolyte used in the first voltaic piles built by Volta?
BRINE (ACCEPT: SALT WATER)
What is the most common term used to describe the velocity of an object at any one discrete moment along its path?
INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
What is the MOST common anatomical synonym for ventral, when locating a part of the human body in relation to another part?
ANTERIOR
Name all of the following 4 plants that produce seeds with a fleshy covering that are eaten by animals and dispersed in their droppings: apple; orchid; cherry; sphagnum moss
APPLE; CHERRY
What is the most common term for the method Louis Pasteur used to create the first rabies vaccine?
ATTENUATION
What plant hormone is primarily responsible for apical dominance in angiosperms?
AUXIN (ACCEPT: INDOLE-ACETIC ACID or IAA)
According to standard chemical nomenclature, what is the formula for aluminum bicarbonate?
Al(HCO3)3
A solution of barium hydroxide is neutralized with a phosphoric acid solution. Identify the molecular forms of the two products that are produced in this reaction.
Ba3(PO4)2 AND H2O
In the electrolysis of a copper chloride solution, what forms at the cathode and anode, respectively?
CATHODE = COPPER (ACCEPT: Cu); ANODE = CHLORINE (ACCEPT: CHLORINE GAS or Cl2)
What is typically the largest organelle of a mature plant cell and can comprise up to 80% of the cell's volume?
CENTRAL VACUOLE (or just VACUOLE)
What is the empirical formula for the following: C18H33N6O3
C6H11N2O
What is the primary calcium-binding protein in eukaryotic cells, that is about 148 amino acids long, and has a wide variety of functions often through kinases and phosphatases (read as: foss-fah-TAY-sis)?
CALMODULIN
Name all of the following 4 cellular structures that are NOT typically found in diploid higher plant cells: centrioles; flagella; lysosomes; plasmodesmata
CENTRIOLES; FLAGELLA; LYSOSOMES (Solution: flagella are found in certain plants sperm cells; centrioles in some algae)
What is the MOST common term for the inwardly directed force exerted on an object to keep the object moving in a circle?
CENTRIPETAL (ACCEPT: CENTRIPETAL FORCE)
Birds and bats belong to which taxonomic phylum?
CHORDATA
Which one of the following 5 atoms can violate the octet rule with more than 8 electrons: O; F; Cl; N; C
Cl
Although in many respects difficult to define, what term is MOST often described as a push or a pull that can cause an object to accelerate?
FORCE
Mercury or other liquid barometers work by balancing the force exerted by the atmosphere with what?
FORCE EXERTED BY THE LIQUID
What substance converts pepsinogen (read as: pep-SIN-oh-gen) into its active form in the human stomach?
HCl (ACCEPT: HYDROCHLORIC ACID) (DO NOT ACCEPT: GASTRIC JUICES)
What is the genus name of the most thoroughly studied bacterium?
Escherichia
Arrange the following 3 choices in order of increasing bond energies: O2; N2; F2
F2; O2; N2
What is the SI unit of capacitance equal to one coulomb per volt?
FARAD
What constant is given as the amount of electric charge per mole of electrons?
FARADAY CONSTANT (ACCEPT: FARADAY)
What are the SI units for permittivity?
FARADS PER METER
Cells that become quiescent enter G-zero from what stage of the cell cycle?
G-1
From the FIRST to the LAST, what are the stages into which interphase is most commonly divided?
G-1; S; G-2 (ACCEPT: GAP ONE, DNA SYNTHESIS, GAP 2)
Yersinia, Drosophila and Homo are all what taxonomical category?
GENUS (ACCEPT: GENERA)
Name all of the following 5 plants that are dicots: wheat; geranium; garlic; bamboo; rose
GERANIUM; ROSE
From what monosaccharide is cellulose primarily composed?
GLUCOSE (ACCEPT: Β-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL or D-GLUCOSE)
What is the name for the most malleable and ductile metal which can be dissolved in aqua regia but is unaffected by air and most other reagents?
GOLD
Arrange the following 4 metals in order of increasing reactivity in dilute HCl: zinc; aluminum; gold; calcium
GOLD; ZINC; ALUMINUM; CALCIUM
According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for hydrogen sulfide?
H2S
In a chemical reaction, what is the term that describes the time required for a reactant to reach half its original concentration?
HALF-LIFE (or: t½ )
Classify the following 3 elements as a halogen, metalloid, or transition metal, respectively: silicon; iron; iodine
HALOGEN = IODINE; METALLOID = SILICON; TRANSITION METAL = IRON
What is the general name for a hypothetical gas that obeys Boyles's law at all temperatures and pressures?
IDEAL GAS (ACCEPT: IDEAL)
What class of immunoglobulins is most directly responsible for hay fever and common allergies in humans?
IGE (ACCEPT: E or IMMUNOGLOBULIN E)
Name 2 of the following 4 choices that are the 2 main logical reasoning methods used in science: inductive; synthetic; observational; deductive
INDUCTIVE; DEDUCTIVE
What is the most common name for the pattern of light and dark lines produced when coherent light is passed through two horizontal slits in a thin opaque sheet, causing superposition of waves projected on a wall?
INTERFERENCE PATTERN (ACCEPT: INTERFERENCE)
What is the specific name for a common tangent that intersects the segment joining the centers of 2 circles?
INTERNAL COMMON TANGENT (ACCEPT: INTERNAL or INTERNAL TANGENT)
What term describes the specific type of hybridization that occurs between two subspecies of the same species, such as the Bengal Tiger and the Siberian Tiger?
INTRA-SPECIFIC HYBRIDS
What are the three metals that generally comprise ferromagnetic materials?
IRON, COBALT AND NICKEL
Without leap days every 4 years, the winter solstice would start on what month and day after 70 years?
JANUARY 7 (ACCEPT: JANUARY 6 TO 8) (Solution: 17 days later)
Identify the following 3 fabrics as derived from animals or plants, respectively: jute; linen; wool
JUTE = PLANTS; LINEN = PLANTS; WOOL = ANIMALS
Find the mass percent composition, rounded to the nearest whole number, for each atom in KClO3. Assume the atomic masses of potassium = 39, chlorine = 35, and oxygen = 16
K = 32%; Cl = 29%; O = 39% (Solution: K = 39g/122g × 100% = 32%; Cl = 35/122 × 100% = 29%; O = 48/122 × 100% = 39%)
According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for potassium perchlorate?
KClO4
Arrange the following 4 bonds in order of decreasing polarity: Br-Br; K-Br; P-Cl; Li-F
Li-F; K-Br; P-Cl; Br-Br
What are the two features of displacement?
MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION
What are typically given as the two parameters of a velocity vector?
MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION (ACCEPT: SPEED FOR MAGNITUDE)
What physical property of neutrinos, which was confirmed in the past decade, contradicts earlier assumptions that neutrinos travel at the speed of light?
MASS (ACCEPT: NEUTRINOS HAVE MASS)
Into what specific mitochondrial compartment are hydrogen ions pumped out during chemiosmosis (read as: chem-ee-oz-MOE-sis)?
MATRIX
What is the Roman numeral equivalent of the year 1776?
MDCCLXXVI
Name all of the following 3 concentration units that are temperature-dependent: molal (read as: moe-LAHL); molarity; normality
MOLARITY; NORMALITY
What is the most common term in physics for the product of mass times velocity?
MOMENTUM
What cell in the peripheral blood is the immediate precursor of the macrophage?
MONOCYTE
A sarcomere is a basic unit in what specific tissue of mammals?
MUSCLE
What is the main respiratory pigment of skeletal muscle cells?
MYOGLOBIN
What is the chemical formula for the conjugate base of HNO2?
NO2-
Giving your answer as north, south, east, or west relative to a point on the Equator, in what direction is the Earth's angular velocity as it rotates daily about its axis?
NORTH (Solution: fingers of right hand go towards east (direction of Earth's rotation) and thumb goes north)
What is the most common name for the histone octamer used in the coiling and packing of DNA and regulation of gene expression?
NUCLEOSOMES
Name all of the following 4 species that contain an odd number of electrons: O21-; O22-; SO2; CO
O2 ^1-
What is the SI unit given to a volt per ampere?
OHM
What specific human bone cell is antagonist
OSTEOCLASTS
What scientific principle BEST describes why fresh pickles soaked in brine shrivel up after a period of time?
Osmosis
What protein, that takes its name from its apparent molecular weight, can arrest cells in the G1-S checkpoint, initiate apoptosis (read as: aye-pop-TOE-sis) and, when deactivated, is implicated in a wide variety of cancers?
P53
From what basic plant cell type are the majority of cells in a corm (read as: KORM) composed?
PARENCHYMA
What is the name for the straight-chain alkane containing 5 carbons?
PENTANE
Name all of the following 4 substances that would typically be considered exocrine products: insulin; pepsin; hemoglobin; epinephrine
PEPSIN
Name all of the following 4 sub-atomic particles that are never found in isolation: electrons; protons; quarks; positrons
QUARKS
What term describes momentum transfer from a photon to a physical object ?
RADIATION PRESSURE (ACCEPT: LIGHT PRESSURE)
Which of the following are transmitted by electromagnetic waves: 1) radio, 2) television, 3) Rayleigh, or 4) P-waves?
RADIO, TELEVISION (ACCEPT: 1, 2)
Radon is primarily produced naturally on Earth most directly from the decay of what element?
RADIUM
What color of flame does lithium produce in a flame test?
RED
What letter designates the lowest energy subshell in any shell?
S
What is the common biological name for the product of human sublingual glands?
SALIVA
Which one of basic plant cell types has a primary and secondary cell wall that is dead when mature?
SCLERENCHYMA
In humans, backflow of blood from ventricles into atria during contraction is prevented primarily by what structures?
VALVES
Which of the following relationships is true? W) 1 food calorie is equal to 4.18 kilojoules X) 1 joule is equal to 1 food calorie Y) 1 joule is equal to 4.18 food calories Z) 1 food calorie is equal to 4.18 joules
W) 1 FOOD CALORIE IS EQUAL TO 4.18 KILOJOULES
Which is the approximate percentage of energy transfer from one trophic level to the next? W) 10% X) 50% Y) 75% Z) 100%
W) 10%
At which of the following pH levels will human pepsin be most active: W) 2 X) 4 Y) 6 Z) 8
W) 2
During the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, which of the following northern latitude positions will have a day length of 10.1 hours: W) 30º X) 40º Y) 50º Z) 60º
W) 30º
Which of the following is the equation for the tangent line for y = x^4 at the point (1, 1): W) y = 4x - 3 X) y = 4x - 1 Y) y = 4x + 1 Z) y = 4x + 3
W) y = 4x - 3 (Solution: using the derivative, y' = 4x^3, the slope of the tangent line at x = 1 is 4. The line must pass through (1, 1) so y - 1 = 4(x - 1))
A Buchner (read as: BYOU-kh-ner) funnel is a piece of laboratory glassware often used in chemistry labs for which of the following procedures: W) combustion X) filtration Y) centrifugation Z) distillation
X) FILTRATION
Which of the following reagents would be labeled as highly flammable because of its low flash point: W) glycerol X) methanol Y) carbon tetrachloride Z) sulfuric acid
X) METHANOL
Which of the following is a renewable resource? W) Diamonds X) Wood Y) Coal Z) Propane
X) WOOD
Which of the following BEST describes how Thomas Young produced sufficiently coherent separate light sources in order to produce interference patterns: W) passing coherent light through 2 closely spaced holes in the same opaque screen X) passing incoherent light 1st through an opaque screen with a single hole, and then through a 2nd opaque screen with 2 holes Y) passing polarized light through 2 holes in a single opaque screen Z) passing laser light through 2 holes in a single opaque screen
X) passing incoherent light 1st through an opaque screen with a single hole, and then through a 2nd opaque screen with 2 holes
Solve for x in simplest form for 3x^2+2x =2
X=-1±√7/3 (ACCEPT: -1/3±√7/3)
If e^(x/5) = 30, which of the following is the value of x, assuming that the natural log of 2 = 0.7, and the natural log of 15 = 2.7: W) 15 X) 16 Y) 17 Z) 18
Y) 17 (Solution: x/5 = ln 15 + ln 2 = 3.4; x/5 = 3.4; x = 17)
A boat's velocity has a northward velocity component of 15 kilometers per hour and an eastward component of 10 kilometers per hour. Which of the following BEST represents the direction of the boat's motion: W) 35 kilometers per hour northeast X) 35 kilometers per hour southwest Y) 18 kilometers per hour northeast Z) 12 kilometers per hour northeast
Y) 18 KILOMETERS PER HOUR NORTHEAST
Of which of the following is endosperm in wheat primarily composed: W) protein X) nucleic acid Y) carbohydrate Z) lipid
Y) CARBOHYDRATE
Consider the following equilibrium reaction, FeO(solid) + CO(gas) ↔ Fe(solid) + CO2(gas), where ΔH (read as: delta H) equals -10 kilojoules. Which of the following would have a similar effect on the equilibrium position as lowering the temperature: W) adding iron X) increasing pressure Y) removing carbon dioxide Z) removing carbon monoxide
Y) REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE (Solution: shifts to the right)
The lambdoid suture is found in which of the following parts of the human body: W) scapula X) pelvis Y) skull Z) knee
Y) SKULL
According to VSEPR bonding theory, if 2 of the bonded atoms in an octahedral molecule are replaced by 2 electron pairs, the molecule will assume what geometric shape, such as in XeF4: W) linear X) trigonal bipyramidal Y) square planar Z) square pyramidal
Y) SQUARE PLANAR
Which of the following best describes why the optical spectrum of an atom exists as discrete lines and not as a continuous spectrum: W) atoms have electrons with unit charge X) all atoms when excited emit light Y) all energy levels of atoms are quantized Z) all electrons have spin
Y) all energy levels of atoms are quantized
Line 1 and line 2 are parallel. If line 1 contains the points (6, 13) and (4, 11) and line 2 contains the point (8, 20), determine which of the following points lies on line 2. W) (12, 15) X) (18, 10) Y) (10, -12) Z) (14, 26)
Z) (14, 26)
One kilogram is nearly equivalent to how many pounds: W) 454 X) 4.54 Y) 220 Z) 2.2
Z) 2.2
The bones of a human forearm are homologous to all the following structures except for a: W) Whale flipper X) Dog forelimb Y) Bat wing Z) Fly wing
Z) FLY WING
Brain computer interfaces can measure minute differences in the voltage between neurons, amplify and filter the signal, and then a computer interprets it. All of the following are current applications of brain computer interfaces, except: W) Controlling a computer cursor via mental commands X) Interpreting brain signals for movement for someone who can't physically move Y) Providing a communication link for people who suffer from "locked in" syndrome Z) Repairing damaged neurons
Z) REPAIRING DAMAGED NEURONS
What is the electron capacity in each of the 4 sublevels s, p, d, and f, respectively?
s = 2; p = 6; d = 10; f = 14
A lead chromate solution is typically what color: W) blue X) red Y) yellow Z) green
Y) YELLOW
Which of the following molecules is most likely to have a zero dipole moment based on its molecular shape: W) PF3 X) H2O Y) PCl3 Z) BeF2
Z) BeF2
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 300 cubic centimeters at a pressure of 2 atmospheres. Calculate what the pressure would have to be, in atmospheres to the first decimal place, in order for the gas to have a volume of 500 cubic centimeters at constant temperature:
1.2 (Solution: P2 = P1V1/V2 = (2 atm)(300 cm3)/500 cm3 = 1.2 atm)
Find the center of the circle given by the following equation: x^2 + y^2 + 4x + 16y + 3 = 0
(-2, -8)
If a point has polar coordinates (3, π), what are the rectangular coordinates?
(-3, 0) (Solution: x = 3 cos π = -3 and y = 3 sin π = 0)
Factor the following expression completely: 81x^2 + 180xy + 100y^2
(9x + 10y)^2
According to standard chemical nomenclature, what is the formula for ammonium sulfate?
(NH4)2SO4
Factor the following expression completely over the integers: a^5+32
(a + 2)(a^4-2a^3+4a^2-8a+16)
1 bar equals how many Pascals?
100,000 (ACCEPT: 1 × 10^5 or 10^5)
A hexadecimal number is a numeral system with a radix or a base of what?
16
What is the maximum number of 100-watt light bulbs that can run on a 110-volt residential circuit protected by a 15-amp fuse without blowing the fuse?
16 (Solution: 100W/110 = 0.9 amps; 15 amp fuse/0.9 amp = 16.7 or 16 bulbs)
What is the resistance, giving your answer in standard SI units, of an electric device operating on a 9-volt battery that requires 0.05 amps to run?
180 OHMS (Solution: R = V/I = 9/0.05 = 180 ohms)
By what factor will the gravitational attraction between two masses be multiplied, if the distance between their centers of mass remains the same, but the mass of one doubles?
2 TIMES (ACCEPT: 2 or DOUBLES)
Find the prime factorization of 240:
2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 (ACCEPT: 24 × 3 × 5)
Multiply the following 4 numbers and give your answer in scientific notation: 30,000 × 3,000 × 30 × 0.1
2.7 × 10^8
Giving your answer to the first decimal place and in liters, one mole of gas at 1.00 atmosphere pressure and a temperature of 273.15 kelvin occupies what volume?
22.4
What is the most common name for the terminus of a tRNA molecule to which amino acids are attached?
3-PRIME TERMINUS (ACCEPT: CCA 3-PIME END or 3-PRIME END or 3-PRIME)
What is the specific gravity, to the first decimal place, of a cubic foot of metal that has a density of 188 pounds per cubic foot if water has a density of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot?
3.0 (Solution: 188/62.4 = 3.01)
What is the bond order for each oxygen-oxygen bond in the ozone or O3 molecule?
3/2 (ACCEPT: 1.5)
What is the most electronegative element?
FLUORINE
According to one of the most common color triangles, if blue and green are primary colors, what is the third primary color?
RED
Which one of the following 5 colors of light has the LEAST angle of refraction in normal glass: blue; green; orange; yellow; red
RED
