NOCTI Mechatronics 2023
What is a circuit?
A closed path for electricity.
What is a proposition?
A declarative statement that can be true or false.
What is a network?
A group of interconnected devices that can communicate and share resources.
What is a wide area network (WAN)?
A network that covers a large geographic area, such as a city, country, or even the world.
What is a local area network (LAN)?
A network that covers a small geographic area, such as a home, office, or building.
What is Lockout Tagout?
A safety procedure to isolate energy sources during maintenance.
What is a control program in PLCs?
A set of instructions or logic statements.
What is a predicate?
A statement involving variables that can be true or false.
What is the analysis performed during Lockout Tagout preparation?
A thorough analysis of the equipment and its energy sources to identify all potential sources of energy that need to be isolated.
What is a level?
A tool used to check for levelness.
What is a plumb?
A tool used to check for verticality.
What is a multimeter?
A tool used to measure voltage, current, and resistance.
What is a torque wrench?
A tool used to tighten bolts or nuts to a specific level of torque.
What does the longest line on a standard ruler represent?
A whole inch.
What is Wi-Fi?
A wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections.
What is the output of an AC power supply?
AC voltage output
What logical operations can PLCs perform?
AND, OR, NOT, timers, counters, and value comparison.
What are some materials used in sound absorption?
Acoustic panels, porous materials, insulation materials.
What is the purpose of timers in PLCs?
Activating or deactivating outputs after a specific time delay.
How do you use a level?
Adjust until bubble is centered.
What is balancing in vibration control?
Adjusting mass distribution or rotational properties of rotating machinery.
What are some examples of emergency communication systems?
Alarms, sirens, and public address systems.
What are emergency communication systems used for?
Alerting workers in the event of an emergency or evacuation.
How do you read a measurement on a metric ruler?
Align object with zero mark and look for line that aligns with other edge.
How do you read a measurement on a standard ruler?
Align the object with the zero mark and look for the line that aligns with the other edge.
What are quantifiers in predicate logic?
Allow expression of statements about all or some objects.
What is the purpose of timing and delay functions in PLCs?
Allowing for time-based control and event tracking.
What are feedback systems used for?
Allowing workers to provide feedback on safety issues or concerns.
What is an actuator in PLCs?
An output device used to control physical processes or operations.
What types of industries and workplaces use Lockout Tagout?
Any industry or workplace with hazardous energy sources.
What is DHCP?
Assigns IP addresses dynamically
What is the first step in using a torque wrench?
Attach the socket or adapter.
What are some applications of linear power supplies?
Audio equipment, laboratory instruments, analog circuits
What should you align with one side of the angle when measuring angles?
Base of the protractor
What are some examples of non-verbal communication?
Body language and gestures.
What is an open circuit?
Break in path of current.
How can you estimate the fraction of an inch on a standard ruler?
By looking at the next shortest line.
What are stiffness and damping?
Characteristics that reduce vibrations and noise
What is continuity testing?
Checking if circuit is complete or broken
What are Ethernet cables?
Commonly used to connect devices within a local area network (LAN). Examples include Category 5e (Cat5e) or Category 6 (Cat6) cables.
What are warning signs and labels?
Communicate hazards and how to avoid them
What are meetings and briefings used for?
Communicating important information and discussing safety issues.
What is a series circuit?
Components connected end-to-end.
What is a parallel circuit?
Components connected side-by-side.
What are PLCs?
Computer-based control systems used in industrial automation.
What are some applications of DC power supplies?
Computers, televisions, radios
What is the principle behind KCL?
Conservation of charge.
What is the principle behind KVL?
Conservation of energy.
What are the advantages of hardwired systems over wireless systems in terms of reliability and stability?
Consistent and secure transmission path, not affected by interference or signal loss.
What are some applications of switching power supplies?
Consumer electronics, telecommunications, industrial applications
What is the function of output devices in PLCs?
Controlling physical processes or operations.
What is the purpose of PLCs in process control?
Controlling sequential operations and time-based events.
What is sequence control in PLCs?
Controlling sequential operations based on predefined logic.
What is a switching power supply?
Converts input power to regulated DC output through high-frequency switching
What is the output of a battery power supply?
DC voltage output
What should you inspect for before beginning electrical work?
Damage
What is propositional logic?
Deals with true/false statements using variables and logical operators.
What are computers?
Desktop computers, laptops, or workstations that connect to the network to access resources and services.
What are firewalls?
Devices or software that protect the network by monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic.
What are switches?
Devices that connect multiple devices within a network and facilitate communication between them.
What are modems?
Devices that enable communication between a computer network and an external network, such as the internet.
What are wireless network adapters?
Devices that enable wireless connectivity to a network, typically using Wi-Fi.
What are routers?
Devices that forward data packets between different networks.
What is damping in vibration control?
Dissipating or reducing energy of vibrations.
How do you convert millimeters to centimeters on a metric ruler?
Divide by 10.
How do you convert fractions to decimals on a standard ruler?
Divide the fraction by the denominator and add to the whole number.
What should you do if a tool is damaged?
Do not use it
What should you do with a tool not intended for a job?
Do not use it
What should you do if a safety device is not working?
Do not use the tool
What are training sessions used for?
Educating workers on safety procedures and best practices.
What are two-way radios?
Efficient way for workers to communicate in real-time.
What is voltage?
Electric potential energy per unit charge.
What are the potential energy sources that need to be isolated during Lockout Tagout?
Electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, and other energy sources.
What is synchronization in PLCs?
Ensuring proper coordination of sequential operations.
What are some examples of urgent matters that require immediate communication?
Equipment malfunctions or safety issues.
What are safety components?
Essential components to ensure safety in industrial settings.
What is logic control in PLCs?
Executing a control program based on predefined conditions.
How do you convert inches to fractions on a standard ruler?
Find the line that represents inches and estimate the fraction.
What are some examples of fire suppression equipment?
Fire extinguishers, sprinklers, alarms
Where are hardwired systems typically used?
Fixed installations such as buildings, industrial plants, and infrastructure.
What is current?
Flow of electric charge in a circuit.
What are truth and logic systems?
Formal frameworks for reasoning and determining truth.
What does predicate logic enable?
Formulation of more expressive statements with quantification.
What do the markings on a standard ruler represent?
Fractions of an inch.
What do the shorter lines on a standard ruler represent?
Fractions of an inch.
What is personal protective equipment?
Gear to protect from injury
What are network interface cards (NICs)?
Hardware components that allow devices to connect to a network by providing physical network connectivity.
What are the benefits of wired systems in terms of speed and bandwidth?
Higher data transfer speeds and greater bandwidth.
What is the advantage of a switching power supply over a linear power supply?
Higher efficiency, smaller size, lighter weight
What is the disadvantage of a switching power supply compared to a linear power supply?
Higher noise, lower accuracy
How do you adjust a surface using a plumb?
Hold the plumb line against the surface you want to check for verticality. Allow the plumb line to hang freely and observe which way it hangs. Adjust the surface until the plumb line is hanging directly over the center of the mark you want to measure.
What is Ohm's Law?
I = V/R; current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
What is the first step in reading measurements on a standard ruler?
Identify the markings.
Where can you find the correct torque setting for a bolt or nut?
In the manufacturer's instructions or a torque chart.
What should you do before using a tool?
Inspect for damage
What is I/O handling in PLCs?
Interfacing with sensors and controlling output devices.
What is the purpose of counters in PLCs?
Keeping track of events or pulses.
What is KCL?
Kirchhoff's first law - sum of currents entering a junction equals sum of currents leaving. . In other words, the total current flowing into a node must equal the total current flowing out of that node. This law is based on the principle of conservation of charge. Mathematically, KCL can be expressed as: ΣI(in) = ΣI(out)
What is another name for KCL?
Kirchhoff's first law.
What is KVL?
Kirchhoff's second law - sum of voltages around a closed loop equals zero. In other words, the algebraic sum of voltage rises and voltage drops in a closed loop must be equal to zero. This law is based on the principle of conservation of energy. Mathematically, KVL can be expressed as: ΣV = 0
What is another name for KVL?
Kirchhoff's second law.
What is the disadvantage of a linear power supply compared to a switching power supply?
Less efficient
What devices are used to isolate energy sources during Lockout Tagout?
Locks, tags, and other mechanisms.
What is equivalence?
Logical operator for the biconditional relationship between two propositions.
What is implication?
Logical operator for the conditional relationship between two propositions.
What is conjunction?
Logical operator for the intersection of two propositions.
What is negation?
Logical operator for the opposite of a proposition.
What is disjunction?
Logical operator for the union of two propositions.
What is the foundation of formal reasoning and proof?
Logical systems like propositional and predicate logic.
What should you check for in the wiring?
Loose connections or damaged insulation
What is the advantage of a linear power supply over a switching power supply?
Low noise, high accuracy
What is a short circuit?
Low-resistance path causing large current flow.
What is the fifth step in Lockout Tagout?
Maintenance or repair work can be performed.
What should you do to ensure a socket or adapter fits securely?
Make sure it fits snugly onto the bolt or nut.
What fields use logical systems?
Mathematics, computer science, philosophy, and artificial intelligence.
What are the markings on a metric ruler?
Millimeters and centimeters.
Why is balancing important?
Minimizes vibrations caused by uneven mass distribution, eccentricity, or misalignment.
What should you avoid exposing a torque wrench to?
Moisture or chemicals.
What are IDS and IPS?
Monitor and protect network from unauthorized access or malicious activities
What are some applications of AC power supplies?
Motor drives, HVAC systems, industrial machinery
How do you convert centimeters to millimeters on a metric ruler?
Multiply by 10.
What units of measure should you make sure the torque wrench is set to?
Newton-meters (Nm) or foot-pounds (ft-lbs).
Is tool safety a one-time process?
No, it's ongoing
What is the second step in Lockout Tagout?
Notification, which involves informing workers and the equipment owner or supervisor.
How do you use a plumb?
Observe which way it hangs.
What are hubs?
Older devices that connect multiple devices together but operate at a lower level and lack the intelligence of switches.
What is resistance?
Opposition to flow of electric current.
What are some additional features of power supplies?
Overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, thermal shutdown mechanisms
What are the communication capabilities of PLCs?
PLCs can communicate with other devices or systems through various communication protocols.
What is data logging and analysis in PLCs?
PLCs can log data related to system performance, process variables, and events for analysis and optimization.
What is the purpose of fault detection and diagnostics in PLCs?
PLCs can monitor the system for faults or abnormal conditions and trigger appropriate responses.
What is the purpose of PLCs in industrial automation?
Performing basic functions like I/O handling and logic control.
What is PPE?
Personal protective equipment
Why are hardwired systems considered more secure than wireless systems?
Physical access to wiring is required to intercept or tamper with communication.
What are machine guards?
Physical barriers to prevent contact with hazards
What is isolation in vibration control?
Physically decoupling vibrating source from surrounding structure.
What is ground?
Point in circuit with zero voltage.
What are some applications of battery power supplies?
Portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, backup power systems
What is a battery power supply?
Portable power supply that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy
What is the difference between propositional and predicate logic?
Predicate logic introduces predicates and quantifiers.
What are the steps involved in Lockout Tagout?
Preparation, Notification, Shutdown, Verification, Maintenance/Repair, Removal.
What is the first step in Lockout Tagout?
Preparation, which involves analyzing the equipment and its energy sources.
Why is a clean workspace important?
Prevent accidents
What is sound isolation?
Preventing sound transmission between areas
What are Email Servers, Web Servers, FTP Servers, etc.?
Provide specific network services to clients
What are application servers?
Provide specific services or applications to network clients.
What is an AC power supply?
Provides an AC voltage output
What is a DC power supply?
Provides constant voltage output
What is the function of sensors in PLCs?
Providing input signals from the external environment.
What is a universal quantifier?
Quantifier that expresses a statement about all objects in a domain.
What is an existential quantifier?
Quantifier that expresses a statement about some object in a domain.
What should you do before using any tool?
Read the manufacturer's instructions carefully.
What are rocker switches?
Rectangular switches used in cars and boats.
What are the two types of probes on a multimeter?
Red (positive) and black (negative).
How can noise from machinery be reduced?
Redesign, silencers, maintenance
What is sound absorption?
Reduction of noise by using materials or structures that absorb sound energy.
What should you do to maintain a tool?
Regularly inspect and maintain
What is a linear power supply?
Regulates output voltage by dissipating excess power as heat
What is the final step in Lockout Tagout?
Removal of isolation devices and testing equipment to ensure safe operation.
What should you do with damaged components?
Replace them
What are logical systems?
Rigorous frameworks for reasoning and analyzing arguments.
What rules do truth and logic systems provide?
Rules for evaluating truth or falsity of statements.
Where should you store a tool?
Safe and secure location
What are some examples of personal protective equipment?
Safety glasses, gloves, hard hat
What are some examples of PPE?
Safety goggles, gloves, hard hats, respirators, safety shoes
What are some basic safety components?
Safety signs, emergency stop buttons, safety barriers, and personal protective equipment.
What are VPNs?
Securely extend private network over public network
What is the first step in using a torque wrench?
Select the correct torque setting.
What are email and messaging systems used for?
Sending important information or updates to workers.
What is structural decoupling?
Separating vibrating components to reduce transfer
How do you choose the appropriate setting on a multimeter?
Set it to the appropriate setting for the measurement you want to make.
What is the third step in Lockout Tagout?
Shutdown, which involves turning off the equipment and isolating all energy sources.
What are some examples of visual communication?
Signs, symbols, and diagrams.
What are DIP switches?
Small switches used in electronic circuits.
What are micro switches?
Small switches with a spring-loaded lever.
What are mobile devices?
Smartphones, tablets, or other portable devices that connect to the network wirelessly.
What do sound-absorbing surfaces help reduce?
Sound reflections, reverberation, overall noise levels.
What are isolation pads or mounts?
Specialized supports to prevent vibration transmission
What are predicates in predicate logic?
Statements involving variables that can be true/false.
What are database servers?
Store and manage databases, allowing clients to access and manipulate data.
What are file servers?
Store and manage files and allow users to access and share them within the network.
What should you do after using a torque wrench?
Store it in a cool and dry place.
What should you do with a tool after using it?
Store it in a safe location
What are reed switches?
Switches activated by a magnetic field.
What are push button switches?
Switches activated by pressing a button.
What are mercury switches?
Switches activated by tilting and using mercury.
What are toggle switches?
Switches with a lever for on/off.
What are rotary switches?
Switches with a rotating dial.
What are slide switches?
Switches with a sliding lever.
What are logical operators?
Symbols used to combine propositions in propositional logic.
What are hardwired systems?
Systems that use physical cables or wiring connections to transmit data and signals between devices.
What are wireless systems?
Systems that use wireless communication technology to transmit data and signals between devices.
What are intercoms?
Systems used to make announcements or communicate with workers.
What is mechanical vibration and noise control?
Techniques to reduce unwanted vibrations and noise.
What is TCP/IP?
The fundamental protocol suite for communication in most computer networks.
What is the disadvantage of hardwired systems in terms of flexibility and mobility?
They are constrained by physical cables or wiring connections, limiting flexibility and mobility.
What is the advantage of hardwired systems over wireless systems?
They are generally more secure and have better signal quality.
What is the advantage of hardwired systems in terms of security?
They are generally more secure than wireless systems as they are not susceptible to hacking or interception.
What is the disadvantage of hardwired systems compared to wireless systems?
They are less flexible and mobile, and require more effort to install.
What is the advantage of hardwired systems in terms of signal quality?
They are less susceptible to interference, resulting in better signal quality and overall performance.
What is the disadvantage of wireless systems in terms of susceptibility to interference?
They are susceptible to interference from other wireless devices, obstacles, or environmental factors.
What is the disadvantage of wireless systems compared to hardwired systems?
They are susceptible to interference, which can impact signal quality and overall performance.
What is the advantage of wireless systems in terms of scalability?
They can easily accommodate additions or expansions without the need for extensive wiring.
What is the disadvantage of hardwired systems in terms of mobility and remote access?
They do not enable mobility or remote access to devices and data.
What is the advantage of wireless systems in terms of flexibility and mobility?
They eliminate the need for physical cables or wiring connections, allowing for more convenient installation and reconfiguration.
What is the advantage of wireless systems in terms of mobility and remote access?
They enable mobility and remote access to devices and data.
What is the advantage of wireless systems over hardwired systems?
They offer greater flexibility, mobility, and ease of installation.
What is the disadvantage of hardwired systems in terms of scalability?
They require extensive wiring for additions or expansions, making it more difficult to scale the system.
What is the advantage of wireless systems in terms of ease of installation?
They require minimal installation effort compared to hardwired systems.
What is the disadvantage of hardwired systems in terms of ease of installation?
They require more physical connections and effort to install compared to wireless systems.
What are membrane switches?
Thin, flexible switches used in consumer electronics.
What is the purpose of emergency communication systems?
To alert workers in the event of an emergency or evacuation.
What is the purpose of feedback systems?
To allow workers to provide feedback on safety issues or concerns.
Why is it important to take safety precautions when diagnosing electrical components?
To avoid injury or damage to equipment.
What is the purpose of fire suppression equipment?
To detect and extinguish fires quickly
What is the purpose of measuring with rulers?
To determine the size of an object.
What is the purpose of a torque tester?
To double-check the torque of a bolt or nut.
What is the purpose of regular training sessions?
To educate workers on safety procedures and best practices.
Why is it important to double-check the torque?
To ensure it has been tightened to the correct level.
Why is effective communication important in an industrial setting?
To ensure safety and maximize productivity.
What is the purpose of the Lockout Tagout procedure?
To ensure that equipment is not started or operated while workers are performing maintenance or repairs.
What is the purpose of the verification step in Lockout Tagout?
To ensure that isolation devices are securely in place and that the equipment cannot be started or operated.
Why should you turn off power to the circuit you want to test?
To ensure your safety.
What is the purpose of emergency showers and eyewash stations?
To flush body/eyes after exposure to hazardous materials
What is the purpose of LOTO devices?
To isolate energy sources during maintenance/repair work
What is the purpose of predefined conditions in PLCs?
To make decisions and control outputs accordingly.
Why are safety components important?
To prevent accidents and ensure the safety of workers and the facility.
What is the importance of following safety precautions and warnings?
To prevent accidents and injuries.
What is the purpose of electrical safety components?
To prevent electrical shocks and fires
What is the purpose of fall protection equipment?
To prevent workers from falling from heights
What is the importance of Lockout Tagout?
To protect workers from serious injuries or fatalities caused by unexpected equipment startup or hazardous energy release.
What is the purpose of Lockout Tagout?
To protect workers from unexpected equipment startup or hazardous energy release.
What is the purpose of ventilation systems?
To remove hazardous fumes, gasses, and dust from the air
What is the purpose of converting measurements on rulers?
To switch between standard and metric units.
What is the purpose of applying torque?
To tighten a bolt or nut.
Why is it important to follow manufacturer recommendations?
To use the tool safely
What is a multimeter?
Tool to measure electrical properties
How do you test the probes on a multimeter?
Touch them together and the meter should read zero.
What is safety training?
Training to understand workplace hazards and operate machinery safely.
What are the components of a linear power supply?
Transformer, rectifier, voltage regulator
What is DNS?
Translates domain names to IP addresses
What are fiber optic cables?
Transmit data as pulses of light and are used for high-speed and long-distance connections.
What is the first step before beginning any electrical work?
Turn off power
What are some steps to safely diagnose electrical components?
Turn off power, inspect for damage, use a multimeter, test for continuity, test for voltage, check the wiring, replace damaged components.
How do you set the torque wrench to the correct torque setting?
Turn the handle or use the adjustment mechanism on the wrench.
What do warning signs and labels communicate?
Type of hazard and how to avoid it
What can happen if Lockout Tagout is not used?
Unexpected equipment startup or hazardous energy release can cause serious injuries or fatalities.
What are some examples of non-urgent matters that can be communicated through email or messaging?
Updates on projects or schedules.
How do you check if a surface is square?
Use a square and check if both edges are flush
What is visual communication?
Use of signs, symbols, and diagrams to convey information.
What is fire suppression equipment?
Used to detect and extinguish fires quickly
What are emergency showers and eyewash stations?
Used to flush body/eyes after exposure to hazardous materials
What are LOTO devices?
Used to isolate energy sources during maintenance/repair work
What are electrical safety components?
Used to prevent electrical shocks and fires
What is fall protection equipment?
Used to prevent workers from falling from heights
What are ventilation systems?
Used to remove hazardous fumes, gasses, and dust from the air
What is the fourth step in Lockout Tagout?
Verification, which involves checking that isolation devices are securely in place.
What are Authentication Servers?
Verify user identities and control access to network resources
What are some isolators used in vibration control?
Vibration mounts, resilient materials, rubber pads.
What are some damping techniques?
Viscoelastic materials, tuned mass dampers, friction dampers.
What should you test for with the power on?
Voltage
What do the numbers on a standard ruler indicate?
Whole inches.
What is Ethernet?
Wired LAN connection
Which type of system is better suited for long-distance communication?
Wired systems.
What is Wi-Fi?
Wireless network protocol
What is the difference between wireless and hardwired systems?
Wireless systems use wireless communication technology, while hardwired systems use physical cables or wiring connections to transmit data and signals between devices.
Who is notified in advance during Lockout Tagout?
Workers who will be affected and the equipment owner or supervisor.
How do you know when the torque has been achieved?
You will hear or feel a 'click'.
What is the mathematical expression for KCL?
ΣI(in) = ΣI(out)
What is the mathematical expression for KVL?
ΣV = 0