Normal Curve: Chapter 13 Personality

extraversion-introversion

According to Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck, the individual variation that is apparent across people can be reduced to several dimensions, including

2 or 3

According to Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck, variations in human personality can be reduced to ______ dinmensions

Reciprocal Determinism

According to the social-cognitive perspective, people's personalities shape how they interpret and react to events. For example, anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentially threatening events; that is, they perceive the world as threatening. This is known as _____.

social cognitive; reciprocal determinism

Albert Bandura proposed the ________-_________ perspective on personality, which emphasizes the interaction of people with their environment. To describe the interacting influences on behavior thoughts, and environment, he used the term __________ _________.

The Big Five

Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that seem to be consistent with a set of factors called:

lie

As a psychologist, Calvin asks a client to complete the MMPI. After he scores the client's test, he notices that her answers made her seem healthier than she seems to be. These false answers may be detected on the:

Possible selves

Benton imagines the self he wants to be, such as a great athlete, well loved, and well educated. He also imagines the self he fears becoming, such as a homeless person—lonely and unemployed. These visions reflect the concept of:

Recommendations from his past employers

Carlos is applying for a new job. The company has asked for copies of his college transcripts, a list of personal references, and letters of recommendations from past employers. He also has to complete a face-to-face interview. Which of these is the BEST indicator of his potential performance at this new job?

Learning to ice skate

Donnie enjoys ice skating with his friends. What would be a behavioral factor associated with ice skating for Donnie?

exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition

Eli is an extravert. There is some evidence that people like Eli seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. For example, extraverts:

Conscientiousness

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit the MOST?

Reciprocal Determinism

Ginny is a worrier. She worries about her family, her friends, and herself. She is particularly aware of potential hazards in the environment, and she sees the world as a dangerous place. Albert Bandura called this process _____.

Her academic transcripts

In applying to graduate school, Bernadette must submit not only the completed application form but also letters of recommendation, GRE scores, transcripts, and a personal statement. Which of these is the BEST indicator of her potential for success in graduate school?

Possible self

John Daydreams of being a firefighter. He is envisioning a(n)

Conscientiousness

Jonathan is known for never being on time for work, appointments, and meeting friends. He has lost jobs due to his tardiness and his poor record for completing work-related tasks. While he is considered very intelligent, he has never performed well in school because he never completes his homework or required projects. One can safely assume that Jonathan's behavior is related to which of the following personality factors?

Reciprocal determinism

Joshua's history of romantic relationships influences his attitudes toward romantic relationships, which affects how he responds to his current girlfriend. This is an example of:

behavioral

Khloe loves horseback riding. Learning how to canter is a(n) _____ factor associated with horseback riding for Khloe.

Elicit reassuring comments

Krista had a really hard day at work. She is feeling worthless and unlovable. She is overheard making disparaging comments about herself such as, "No one likes me." Psychologists indicate that she might be doing this to

Childhood experiences, social support, and influences of the situation

List some of the social-cultural influence in the biopsychosocial approach to the study of personality

Internal

Perry loves horseback riding. His thoughts and feelings about horseback riding are a(n) _____ personal factor associated with horseback riding for Perry.

maturity principle

Principle that up to age 40, we become more conscientious and agreeable, less neurotic; idea that traits stabilize after age 40

Factor Analysis

Psychologists would use _________ to assess whether a single personality trait is reflected in a cluster of characteristics that include ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance

Extraversion

Research has shown that our traits appear in our language patterns. In text messaging, _____ predicts use of personal pronouns.

Reciprocal Determinism

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This BEST illustrates:

Environmental

Sharon loves horseback riding. Having friends who also ride horses is a(n) _________ factor associated with horseback riding for Sharon

Collectivism

Shih-Han is from China. She defines herself in relation to her identification with her family and her family's values, and she discusses her family rather than her own goals. Shih-Han is demonstrating: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Personality measurement

Starke Hathaway

Possible self

Teresa is worried that she will flunk out of college. This is a(n) _____ that she does not want to become.

Social-cognitive

The _____ perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction of people's traits with their situations.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

The _______ includes a lie scale that is designed to assess the extent to which a person is faking to make a good impression

Social-cognitive

The ________ perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction of people's traits with their situation

40

The big five personality factors are reported to have a heritability of appox 40% for each dimension

agreeable

The maturity principle is the idea that we become conscientious and ______ and less neurotic up to age 40

MMPI

This theoretical perspective emphasizes the importance of both learning and mental processes in personality development

Factor analysis

This theoretical perspective emphasizes the importance of both learning and mental processes in personality development.

Social-cognitive

This theoretical perspective emphasizes the importance of both learning and mental processes in personality development.

social-cognitive

This theoretical perspective emphasizes the importance of both learning and mental processes in personality development.

the spotlight effect

Trenady's friend is giving a speech tomorrow and is worried because she just got an unflattering haircut. She is convinced everyone will stare at her bangs and focus on her unattractive hair. Her overestimation of people's reactions is known as _____.

Narcissism

Vincent was a famous rock musician during the 1980s. Even though he has not had a hit in more than 25 years, he constantly brags about his past musical hits and wants people to recognize him for his past accomplishments. His psychologist thinks Vincent is excessively self-absorbed and thus believes he displays a high level of:

Low-self esteem

Walter always seems to make judgmental comments about others—for example, about their clothing, the way they walk, and the way they talk. Why might Walter act this way?

past behavior in similar situations

What is the best indicator of future behavior?

Extraversion

When Samuel was hired as an advertising executive, he was told that he got the job because of the charisma he displayed to clients. According to "Thinking Critically About the Stigma of Introversion," _____ is the trait thought to be a basic requirement to be successful in this field.

reciprocal determinism

Yesterday, Harold thought Grant was mad at him, and so he ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. In truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of:

Collectivism

Yu-Fin is from China. She defines her goals in terms of her family's goals and values. Her identity is based on her identification with her extended family, which brings her great comfort and security. Yu-Fin is demonstrating _____.

A trait

_____ describes a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

Trait

_____ describes a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

Collectivism

giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly

spotlight effect

people overestimate the extent to which other people are noticing them

Possible selves

people's specific goals for the future are a reflection of their__________

Cultural Neuroscience

the study of how neurobiology and cultural traits influence each other is called.

MMPI

was empirically derived