NOUNS

Common Nouns

A word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things common noun, or to name a particular one of these proper noun. Common nouns name non-specific people, places, things or ideas.

Abstract Nouns

Abstract nouns. We cannot see, hear, smell, tatse or feel; abstract noun because they are ideas, qualities and feelings. Ex. Bravery, kindness, happiness, or justice.

3. Appositive

An appositive is a word or phrase that comes after another word. It explains, identifies or gives information about that word. The appositive is set off from the sentence by one or two commas. Example: Our teacher, *Mr. Ford*, taught us English.

7. Object Complement.

An object complement is a word that completes *the meaning of* a direct object. It is used when the direct object would not make complete sense by itself. Examples: I named my cat *Garfield*.

Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted. Most nouns in English are countable. Ex. Two *dogs*; three *cars*; ten *dollars*.

Femenine Gender

Femenine nouns refer to words for female figure.

Gender Nouns

In English there are *four* genders of noun are *masculine*, *femenine*, *common* and *neuter*.

Masculine Gender

Masculine nouns refer to words for a male figure.

Neuter Gender

Neuter noun refers to things that have no gender (rock, table, pencil, etc).

Noun Case

Case indicates if the noun is a subject, an object, a predicate complement, a possessive modifier, or an appositional element. The case of a noun tell us about the position of that noun in the sentence.

Cases of nouns (5).

Cases of nouns: 1. Possessive Case. (or Genitive case) 2. Nominative Case. 3. Objective Case. (or Accusative case) 4. Dative Case. 5. Vocative Case.

Common Gender

Common nouns refer to members of species and don't specify the gender (parent, friend, client, student, etc.).

5. Indirect object of a verb.

The indirect object receives the action of the verb indirectly. Example: Our teacher gave *us* a gift.

1. Subject of the sentence.

The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about. Example: The *book* was heavy.

Eight uses of nouns.

There are eight uses of nouns.

Singular Noun

Singular relates to the quantity "one" for count nouns, to theunique referent for most proper nouns and to undifferentiated mass for uncountable nouns.

Noun functioning as an adjective.

The *water* pump is broken. The word water is a noun, but in this application it functions as an adjective that describes the kind of pump.

4. Direct object of a verb.

The direct object is the person, place, thing or idea, that receives the action of the verb. Ex. Jack slammed the *door*.

Collective Nouns

A Collective Noun is word that refers to a group of *objects* including groups of people, animal and things. Ex. A *pod* of peas, a *bouquet* of flowers; a baseball *team*; a *herd* of horses; a *pride* of lions; a *cluster* of grapes; a math *class*. Other collective nouns: Colony, flock, family, commitee, audience, club, group, troop, collection, crowd, jury, swam, orchestra, platoon, bunch, etc.

Noun as possessive modifier.

A noun can be esed to modify another noun. that is, a noun can function as an adjective or adverb. A noun can also convey a sense of possession. Consider the following example: The *town's* water supply is in jeopardy. The word town is a noun. Inthe sentence above the word TOWN'S identifies which water supply is in jeopardy. TOWN'S is a possessive case. The town possesses the water supply.

Nominative Case.

A noun is said to be in Nominative case if it is the subject of a verb. (Sobject is the person or the thing who or wich carries out the action of the verb in the sentence. Ex. Mr. Ram is an inteligent boy. 1. (Mr. Ram is a proper noun in Nominative case). 2. The painter paints the portraits. (The painter is a common noun in Nominative case).

Dative Case.

A noun is said to be in dative case if it is the direct object of the verb. (Indirect object of the verb is the noun *for whom* or for which the action of the verb is carried out). there should not be a preposition before the indirect object because in that case it will be the object of that preposition. Examples: 1. The teacher gave the students few exercises. "students" is in dative case. It is the indirect object of the verb "give". 2. the postman brought me a letter. "Me" is in dative case. 3. Get him a pen. "Him" is in the dative case.

Vocative Case.

A noun or a pronoun is said to be in Vocative case if it is used to call ( or to get the attention of) a person or persons. Examples: 1. Mr. Bill, students are waiting for you in the main hall. ("Mr. Bill" is in vocative case. 2. You there, stand up. ("you" is in vocative case). 3. Chairman, all the letters are posted two days ago. ("Chairman" is in vocative case).

Possessive Case Noun or Genetive Case.

A possessive case of a noun is a noun that names who or what owns or has possession of something. In most cases, for singular nouns to show that possession, we add an apostropheand ('s). For singular nouns we simply add an apostrophe except for thoses few plural nouns that do not end in S. A noun is said to be in possessive case, if it denotes possession or ownership. A noun or a pronoun in the possessive case is governed by the noun that follows it.

8. To show possession.

A possessive noun tells *who* or *what* owns something. Example: *Hawaii's* volcanoes are still avtive.

2. Predicate Noun.

A predicate nouncomes after the verb to be or linking verb that replaces or means the same thing as the subject of the sentence. Example: My brother is a *clown*.

6. Object of the preposition.

A preposition is a word that shows location, movement or *direction*. Common ones are IN, ON, WHITH, UNDER FOR, and BY. A preposition is always followed by a noun or pronoun that is called the object of the preposition. Together, they form a prepositional phrase. Examples: 1. Over the *house*. 2. Under the *highway*.

Noun functioning as an adverb.

I walked *home*. The word home is a noun, but in this application it functions as an adverb that defines *where* I walked.

ObjectiveCase.

Nouns or pronouns are said to be in Objective cases if they are the direct objects of verbs or if they are the objects of prepositions. (Direct object is the person or the thing upon whom or upon which the action of the verb is carried out. Examples: 1. I met your sister. ("your sister" is in OC.) 2. The book is on the table. ("table" is in OC. (It is object of the preposition "on").

Number Noun

Number is a gramatical category that requires a noun to be understood gramatically as either *singular* or *plural*.

Plural Noun

Plural relatesto the quantity "two or more" for count nouns, to the unique referent for some proper and to individual units that are seen as reflecting plural composition.

Proper Nouns

Proper nouns name specific people, places, things or ideas. Since these nouns are naming specific things, they begin with a capital letter. Sometimes, they contain two or more important words. Ex. Britney Spears, Central Park Zoo, Pacific ocean.

Uncontable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are not counted in English. This usually has to do with the way English speakers think of these nouns. We often picture these nouns as a single concept or one big thing wich is hard to divide. Many of these words are countable in others languages, but they are not countable in English. Generally, we do not use plural forms of these words; however some of these words do end in "s", don't get confused. Ex. A *lot* of *water*; great *advice*; Paul enjoys *politics*. (Ends "s" but uncountable).