NREMT Questions

The best ways to protect against the effects of radiation include which of the following? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Shielding -Time -Inoculation -Distance

1)Shielding 2)Time 3)Distance

Which of the following are types of pelvic fractures? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Straddle -Vertical shear -Open-book -Mid-shaft

1)Straddle 2)Vertical shear 3)Open-book

A three-year-old female patient has copious amounts of mucus in her oropharynx that may cause aspiration. To avoid hypoxia, what is the maximum amount of time that a pediatric patient should be suctioned? -15 seconds -20 seconds -5 seconds -10 seconds

10 seconds

Which of the following terms describes the pressure in the heart as blood volume increases prior to contraction? -Afterload -Contractility -Systolic blood pressure -Preload

Preload

Which of the following would be expected for a patient who experienced stimulation to their sympathetic nervous system? -Bradypnea -Constricted pupils -Tachycardia -Hypotension

Tachycardia

Which of the following is not a sign of labored respiration and inadequate oxygenation? -Adventitious breath sounds -Inadequate chest expansion -Nasal flaring -Vesicular breath sounds

Vesicular breath sounds

Which of the following signs/symptoms is not expected in a patient requiring albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler? -Retractions -Vesicular breath sounds -Cyanosis -Coughing

Vesicular breath sounds

The Glasgow Coma Scale assigns a numerical score to three individual parameters based on a patient's overall level of consciousness following an injury. Which one of the following is not evaluated as part of the Glasgow Coma Scale? -Verbal response =Motor response =Visual acuity =Eye-opening response

Visual acuity

Which anatomical structure closes during swallowing? -Epiglottis -Carina -Cricoid cartilage -Vallecula

Epiglottis

For at least how long should you rub your hands when washing with soap and water? -45 seconds -30 seconds -20 seconds -10 seconds

20 seconds

What is the maximum oxygen concentration that can be delivered via a nasal cannula? -22% -36% -44% -95%

44%

Which of the following patients has a contraindication to the administration of nitroglycerin? -A 48-year-old female who has not taken a previous dose of nitroglycerin, has a blood pressure of 110/60 mmHg, and has chest pain that is 10/10 -A 59-year-old female who has taken 2 previous doses of nitroglycerin 5 minutes apart, has a blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg, and has chest pain that is 7/10 -A 52-year-old male who took a dose of nitroglycerin 6 minutes ago, has a blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, and has chest pain that is 7/10 -A 65-year-old male who has nitroglycerin prescribed to his wife, a blood pressure of 120/85 mmHg, and chest pain that is 7/10

A 65-year-old male who has nitroglycerin prescribed to his wife, a blood pressure of 120/85 mmHg, and chest pain that is 7/10

Which of the following patients should be placed on high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask? -A 65-year-old male with a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute who is exhibiting restlessness and tachycardia -A responsive 50-year-old male who is breathing eight times per minute and has blue lips -An alert three-year-old female who is breathing at a rate of 26 breaths per minute with adequate depth and pink lips -A 40-year-old male with a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute and shortness of breath

A 65-year-old male with a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute who is exhibiting restlessness and tachycardia

Where does oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange take place in the respiratory system? -Alveoli -Carina -Bronchioles -Bronchi

Alveoli

Which of the following factors does not affect how a patient tolerates environmental changes? -Illness -Nutrition -Anxiety -Age

Anxiety

A six-year-old patient is unresponsive. Their carotid pulse is 64 beats per minute. Respirations are shallow and at a rate of six breaths per minute. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Begin assisted ventilation -Place the patient in the recovery position -Give high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions

Begin assisted ventilation

You are off duty and watching your one-year-old niece while her parents are shopping. You go into your room to see if she has woken from her nap and find her unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. What is the first action you should take? -Flick the soles of her feet -Call 911 -Begin chest compressions -Perform mouth-to-mouth ventilations

Begin chest compressions

Which of the following can occur when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated? -Bradycardia -Increased force of heart contraction -Bronchodilation -Constricted blood vessels

Bradycardia

Which of the following is a late sign of respiratory distress for an adult patient? -Retractions -Bradycardia -Vesicular breath sounds -Tachypnea

Bradycardia

Which of the following signs or symptoms is least likely to be present in a patient who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting? -Wheezing -Anxiety -Bradycardia -Hypotension

Bradycardia

Which of the following terms is not used to characterize a pulse? -Bounding -Thready -Regular -Full

Full

When taking a patient's blood pressure, the top reading, or high point, is called the systolic blood pressure. What is happening to the heart when obtaining the systolic reading? -The heart is skipping a beat -The heart is contracting -The heart is accelerating -The heart is relaxing

The heart is contracting

A 28-year-old female involved in a motor vehicle collision is found still restrained in the driver's seat of her car. She is conscious and alert but complains of neck and back pain. Which of the following should be asked to help assess for possible spinal injuries? -"Are you able to lift both legs and hold them together?" -"How did the accident happen?" -"Can you squeeze my hands?" -"What is the day of the week?"

"Can you squeeze my hands?"

Which of the following would be the best question to get information about the "S" of the "OPQRST" mnemonic? -"Does anything make the symptoms better or worse?" -"On a scale of zero to ten, how would you rate your symptom?" -"When did the symptom start? " -"What does the symptom feel like?"

"On a scale of zero to ten, how would you rate your symptom?"

Which of the following history-taking questions would be specific to a patient in a respiratory emergency? -"Can you tell me what medications you take?" -"Can you tell me what medical conditions you have?" -"Sir, what is going on today?" -"Sir, when was the last time you used your metered-dose inhaler?"

"Sir, when was the last time you used your metered-dose inhaler?"

A 56-year-old male patient with a cardiac history complains of substernal chest pain. Which question is asked to assess the "O" portion of the OPQRST mnemonic? -"How long has this been occurring?" -"When did the symptoms start?" -"Have you ever had these symptoms before?" -"What were you doing when the pain began?"

"What were you doing when the pain began?"

Which of the following is not commonly asked of a patient during an orientation evaluation? -"Would you please tell me your name?" -"Would you please tell me where we are right now?" -"Would you please tell me today's date?" -"Would you please tell me who is president of the United States?"

"Would you please tell me who is president of the United States?"

Which of the following are forms of distributive shock? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Obstructive -Psychogenic -Hypovolemic -Neurogenic -Septic -Cardiogenic

-1)Psychogenic 2)Neurogenic 3)Septic

A patient has a partial-thickness burn to the palm of one hand. What is the approximate total body surface area of the burn? -1% -3% -5% -7%

1%

When assessing an infant or child using the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) to determine if a child is sick or not sick, what three elements make up the triangle? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Appearance -Actively crying -Pulse oximetry -Spontaneous eye opening =Circulation to the skin -Work of breathing

1) Appearance 2) Circulation to the skin 3) Work of breathing

Before being found guilty of negligence as an EMT, the determination of negligence is based on four factors. Which of the following are some of the factors in determining negligence? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Abandonment -Damages -Breach of duty -Duty

1) Damages 2) Breach of duty 3) Duty

You have delivered a newborn and notice a portion of the spinal cord protruding outside of the body in the lumbar area. Which of the following is the proper treatment for the patient? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Cover the open area of the spinal cord with a dry, sterile dressing -Have someone hold the newborn against their body -Cover the open area of the spinal cord with antibioctic ointment -Cover the open area of the spinal cord with a moist, sterile dressing -Cover the open area of the spinal cord with a non-occlusive dressing -Cover the open area of the spinal cord with an occlusive dressing

1) Have someone hold the newborn against their body 2) Cover the open area of the spinal cord with a moist, sterile dressing 3) Cover the open area of the spinal cord with an occlusive dressing

You are dispatched to a vehicle accident involving two vehicles with unknown patients or injuries. Upon your arrival, law enforcement is on scene and tells you there is one patient in a car that was rear-ended at approximately 60 miles per hour. You approach the car and find a pale, diaphoretic, alert, and oriented 30-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain and neck pain. The airbag deployed, and you notice the patient is wearing a lap belt across his stomach with bruising and tenderness upon palpation. The patient has a pulse of 160, a B/P of 100/60, and a respiratory rate of 20. Suspecting possible internal injuries and bleeding, which of the following treatments are appropriate? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Administer oxygen via nasal cannula -Give the patient warm liquids -Monitor and record vital signs every 15 minutes -Monitor and record vital signs every 5 mins -Keep the patient warm -Administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

1) Monitor and record vital signs every 5 mins 2) Keep the patient warm 3) Administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

You arrive at a private residence for an unconscious male with a history of terminal cancer. Which are considered presumptive signs of death? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Profund cyanosis -Absence of chest rise and fall -Unresponsive to painful stimuli -Lack of a radial pulse

1) Profound cyanosis 2) Absence of chest rise and fall 3) Unresponsive to painful stimuli

Which of the following are maternal physiological changes in pregnancy? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -30-50% increase in blood volume -Decreased cardiac output by 30-50% -Increased heart rate up to 20% -Faster blood clotting time

1)30-50% increase in blood volume 2)Increased heart rate up to 20% 3)Faster blood clotting time

Which of the following would be considered normal respiratory rates? Select the three answer options which are correct. -A one-year old breathing 16 times a minute -A two-day old neonate breathing 65 times per minute -A 12-day-old patient with 52 breaths per minute -An eight-year-old patient with 12 breaths per minute -A six-month-old patient with 46 breaths per minute -A four-year-old patient with 26 breaths per minute

1)A 12-day-old patient with 52 breaths per minute 2)A six-month-old patient with 46 breaths per minute 3)A four-year-old patient with 26 breaths per minute

Which of the following should be classified as a severe burn? Select the two answer options which are correct. -A 5-year-old with 8% partial-thickness burns to the legs -A 32-year-old with smoke inhalation and a 10% superficial-thickness burn to the face -A 22-year-old with 15% full-thickness burns to the legs -An 18-year-old with 4% full-thickness burns to the chest -A 14-year-old with 15% superficial burns to the torso and legs

1)A 32-year-old with smoke inhalation and a 10% superficial-thickness burn to the face 2)A 22-year-old with 15% full-thickness burns to the legs

Which of the following injury mechanisms would be considered blunt trauma? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -A baseball pitcher struck in the chest by a line drive hit -A hockey player struck in the head by a fast-moving puck -A rider kicked in the side by their horse -A construction worker has his arm stuck in a machine

1)A baseball pitcher struck in the chest by a line drive hit 2)A hockey player struck in the head by a fast-moving puck 3)A rider kicked in the side by their horse

Which of the following statements are false regarding partial airway obstructions in a responsive patient? Select the three answer options. -Performing the Heimlich maneuver may create a complete airway obstruction. -A patient cannot clear a partial airway obstruction on their own. -Discourage a patient from coughing if they have a partial airway obstruction. -Encourage the patient to cough if they have a partial airway obstruction. -Allowing a patient to drink something will clear most partial airway obstructions.

1)A patient cannot clear a partial airway obstruction on their own. 2)Discourage a patient from coughing if they have a partial airway obstruction. 3)Allowing a patient to drink something will clear most partial airway obstructions.

Placement in the recovery position would be appropriate for which of the following patients? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -A patient who is breathing and confused after being defibrillated out of cardiac arrest by an AED. -A patient who is breathing and weak with possible heatstroke -A patient who is breathing but unresponsive after diving into a pool head first -A patient who is not breathing but has a pulse after being shocked by a high-voltage power line

1)A patient who is breathing and confused after being defibrillated out of cardiac arrest by an AED. 2)A patient who is breathing and weak with possible heatstroke

Which of the following mass-casualty victims would be tagged "yellow" or delayed using the START triage system? Select the two answer options which are correct. -A patient who is unable to stand due to dizziness with a respiratory rate of 32, pulse of 100, and GCS of 15 -A patient who is unable to stand due to a back injury with a respiratory rate of 28, pulse of 84, and GCS of 15 -A patient who is unable to walk due to a possible femur fracture with a respiratory rate of 28, pulse of 118, and GCS of 15 -A patient who is unable to walk due to a leg injury with a respiratory rate of 26, pulse of 90, and GCS of 15

1)A patient who is unable to stand due to a back injury with a respiratory rate of 28, pulse of 84, and GCS of 15 2)A patient who is unable to walk due to a leg injury with a respiratory rate of 26, pulse of 90, and GCS of 15

Which of the following are the signs/symptoms of a shoulder dislocation? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Crepitus in the upper arm -A squared-off or flattened shoulder -A numb patch on the outer aspect of the shoulder -Guarding of the affected limb

1)A squared-off or flattened shoulder 2)A numb patch on the outer aspect of the shoulder 3)Guarding of the affected limb

The electrical conduction system of the heart controls most aspects of heart rate and enables the four chambers to work together. Which of the following are parts of the heart's electrical conduction system? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -AV node -Circumflex -SA node -Purkinje fibers

1)AV node 2)SA node 3)Purkinje fibers

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of pancreatitis? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Abdominal tenderness -Pain that radiates to the left shoulder -Nausea and vomiting (particularly after eating) -Abdominal pain that radiates to the back

1)Abdominal tenderness 2)Nausea and vomiting (particularly after eating) 3)Abdominal pain that radiates to the back

Research has identified the "trauma lethal triad" as a major contributor to death in patients with severe traumatic bleeding. What are the components of the trauma lethal triad? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Alkalosis -Hypertension -Hyperthermia -Acidosis -Hypothermia -Coagulopathy

1)Acidosis 2)Hypothermia 3)Coagulopathy

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia. Which of the following conditions are considered ACS? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Acute myocardial infarction -Myocarditis -Congestive heart failure -Angina pectoris

1)Acute myocardial infarction 2)Angina pectoris

Which of the following statements are true regarding AED use on children? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Adult AED pads can be used on children if pediatric-sized pads are not available -AEDs can safely be used in children and infants using pediatric-sized pads and an energy reducer -Only use a pediatric AED on infants -If adult AED pads do not fit a child, cut them to fit

1)Adult AED pads can be used on children if pediatric-sized pads are not available 2)AEDs can safely be used in children and infants using pediatric-sized pads and an energy reducer

Which of the following statements are correct regarding AED use on an adult cardiac arrest patient? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -After a shock is delivered, immediately resume CPR -Do not stop during transport to use the AED -Stop CPR briefly when the machine advises or push the analyze button (if present) -Gather information about the arrest event if possible

1)After a shock is delivered, immediately resume CPR 2)Stop CPR briefly when the machine advises or push the analyze button (if present) 3)Gather information about the arrest event if possible

Which of the following are medications that an EMT may administer if protocols and medical direction allow? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Fentanyl -Albuterol -Epinephrine -Lasix -Atropine -Zofran -Oxygen

1)Albuterol 2)Epinephrine 3)Oxygen

Which of the following are medications used in the management or treatment of asthma? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Albuterol -Fluticasone -Lasix -Ipratropium -Digoxin -Topiramate

1)Albuterol 2)Fluticasone 3)Ipratropium

Which of the following patients have a significant mechanism of injury (MOI) and should be transported to the highest-level trauma center available? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -An adult struck by a car traveling under 20 mph -An adult in a motorcycle crash going 15 mph -An adult in an auto crash with a death in the same passenger compartment -An adult who fell 30 feet

1)An adult in an auto crash with a death in the same passenger compartment 2)An adult who fell 30 feet

Several conditions are associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Which of the following is associated with ACS? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Pulmonary embolism -Angina pectoris -Transcient ischemic attack -Acute myocardial infarction

1)Angina pectoris 2)Acute myocardial infarction

Your patient is a 74-year-old female complaining of difficulty breathing with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What are the early signs of hypoxia? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Anxiety -Altered mental status -Tachycardia -Weak, thready pulse

1)Anxiety 2)Tachycardia

Which of the following medical terms are associated with speech? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Aphasia -Dysarthria -Aphagia -Agnosia

1)Aphasia 2)Dysarthria 3)Agonsia

What are the 3 parts of the pediatric assessment triangle? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Appearance -Awake -Circulation to the skin -Work of breathing

1)Appearance 2)Circulation to the skin 3)Work of breathing

Which of the following are components of the APGAR score? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Appearance -Pressure -Perfusion -Grimace -Pulse -Reactivity

1)Appearance 2)Grimace 3)Pulse

The APGAR score is used to record the condition of a newborn. What are the components of the APGAR score? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Appearance -Pain -Respiration -Grimace

1)Appearance 2)Respiration 3)Grimace

Which of the following can be a common cause of abdominal pain in adult patients? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Appendicitis -Pancreatitis -Small bowel obstruction -Renal calculi

1)Appendicitis 2)Pancreatitis 3)Small bowel obstruction

Which of the following are acceptable methods of bleeding control that an EMT can use? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Application of a tourniquet -Application of a pressure dressing -Application of topical hemostatic agents with direct pressure -Application of cold pack with a pressure dressing

1)Application of a tourniquet 2)Application of a pressure dressing 3)Application of topical hemostatic agents with direct pressure

Which of the following are signs of decompensated shock from blood loss? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Ashen, mottled, cyanotic skin -Weak or absent peripheral pulses -Constricted pupils -Systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg

1)Ashen, mottled, cyanotic skin 2)Weak or absent peripheral pulses 3)Systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg

According to AHA guidelines, which of the following should be considered for adult patients with ischemic-type chest discomfort (unless an allergy or a contraindication exists)? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Start oxygen at 4 L/min regardless of oxygen saturation -Aspirin -Nitroglycerin -Placing an AED

1)Aspirin 2)Nitroglycerin

Which of the following are treatments that an EMT could provide for a patient who is in respiratory distress? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Implementing endotracheal intubation -Assisting with nebulized medication administration -Administering CPAP -Assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device

1)Assisting with nebulized medication administration 2)Administering CPAP 3)Assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device

Which of the following are signs that a patient has sustained myocardial contusion from blunt force trauma to the chest? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Vesicular lung sound changes -Auscultation of crackles in lungs -Chest pain -Pedal edema -Irregular pulse

1)Auscultation of crackles in lungs 2)Chest pain 3)Irregular pulse

Which of the following terms are used to describe specific parts of a motor vehicle? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -B post -A post -L post -T post

1)B post 2)A post

Which of the following are concerns related to a low-head dam? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Backwash -Strainers -Hangers -Boils -Rip tides -Slow-moving water

1)Backwash 2)Strainers 3)Boils

Which of the following are the correct steps for suctioning a patient's airway using a powered, portable suction unit? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Before suctioning, clamp the tubing and ensure the unit generates a vacuum of more than 300 mmHg -Apply suction in a circular motion while withdrawing the catheter -Turn the patient's head (if no C-spine injury is suspected) to the side, open the mouth, and insert the catheter to the predetermined depth. -Measure the catheter from the corner of the mouth to the back of the throat

1)Before suctioning, clamp the tubing and ensure the unit generates a vacuum of more than 300 mmHg 2)Apply suction in a circular motion while withdrawing the catheter 3)Turn the patient's head (if no C-spine injury is suspected) to the side, open the mouth, and insert the catheter to the predetermined depth.

What are the components of the perfusion triangle? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Blood -Lungs -Heart -Blood vessels

1)Blood 2)Heart 3)Blood vessels

Signs and symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) include which of the following? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Blood glucose levels above 400 mg/dL -Slow, shallow respirations -Fruity breath odor -Cool, wet skin -Abdominal pain

1)Blood glucose levels above 400 mg/dL 2)Fruity breath odor 3)Abdominal pain

Which of the following are the signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Cool, clammy skin -Bounding pulse -Ringing in the ears -Thready pulse -Severe headache

1)Bounding pulse 2)Ringing in the ears 3)Severe headache

Which of the following are signs that a spinal injury patient is in neurogenic shock? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Cool, clammy skin below the level of spinal cord injury -Bradycardia -Hypotension -Warm, flushed skin below the level of spinal cord injury -Paralysis of the large intestine

1)Bradycardia 2)Hypotension 3)Warm, flushed skin below the level of spinal cord injury

START triage is used in mass casualty scenes to sort and prioritize patients. What are the components of START triage? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Breathing -Circulation -Mental status -Age

1)Breathing 2)Circulation 3)Mental status

Which of the following may cause erroneous pulse oximeter readings? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Bright ambient light -Low perfusion -Hypoxia -Nail polish

1)Bright ambient light 2)Low perfusion 3)Nail polish

Which of the following are considered lower airway infections? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Sinus infection -Bronchiolitis -Cystic fibrosis -Respiratory syncytial virus -Pneumonia -Flu

1)Bronchiolitis 2)Respiratory syncytial virus 3)Pneumonia

Which of the following are pathologic conditions found in asthma? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Bronchospasm -Excessive mucus secretion -Bronchial edema -Atelectasis

1)Bronchospasm 2)Excessive mucus secretion 3)Bronchial edema

Which of the following are indications for CPAP administration? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -COPD exacerbation -Pulmonary edema -Apnea -Pneumonia

1)COPD exacerbation 2)Pulmonary edema 3)Pneumonia

Which of the following interventions are required in the management of an adult patient in cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation (VFIB)? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -CPR -Advanced airway placement -Narcan administration -Defibrillation

1)CPR 2)Defibrillation

Which of the following medications are anticonvulsants that an EMT may see prescribed for a patient with a seizure disorder? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Donepezil (Aricept) -Carbamazepine (Tegretol) -Clonazepam (Klonopin) -Warfarin (Coumadin)

1)Carbamazepine (Tegretol) 2)Clonazepam (Klonopin)

Patients who have smoke inhalation from a house fire may have been exposed to which toxic gases? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Carbon monoxide -Hydrogen sulfide -Nitrogen -Hydrogen cyanide

1)Carbon monoxide 2)Hydogen sulfide 3)Hydrogen cyanide

Gas exchange in the lungs and tissues is known as respiration. Which of the following are considered external factors that may affect this process? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Carbon monoxide inhalation -Pulmonary edema -COPD -Bronchus -High altitude -Asthma

1)Carbon monoxide inhalation 2)High altitude

Which types of shock are related to pump failure? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Hypovolemic shock -Distributive shock -Cardiogenic shock =Obstructive shock

1)Cardiogenic shock 2)Obstructive shock

Which of the following are correct treatments for removing a foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Use blind finger sweeps to locate the object -Check the airway and remove the foreign body if visible -Perform back blows and chest thrusts, keeping the patient's head lower than the rest of their body. -Perform abdominal thrusts using the heel of one hand

1)Check the airway and remove the foreign body if visible 2)Perform back blows and chest thrusts, keeping the patient's head lower than the rest of their body.

What are some complications of CPAP administration? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Hypertension -Claustrophobia -Bradycardia -Gastric distention -Hypotension -Decreased intrathoracic pressure

1)Claustrophobia 2)Gastric distention 3)Hypotension

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of beta-blocker toxicity? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Coma -Bradycardia -Hyperglycemia -Hypotension

1)Coma 2)Bradycardia 3)Hypotension

In many systems, the EMT will assist a paramedic with endotracheal intubation. Which of the following are steps of intubation? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Confirm the placement of ET tube or supraglottic airway -Hyperventilate after tube placement -Evaluate the airway for difficulty -Bag-valve mask ventilation to pre-oxygenate the patient

1)Confirm the placement of ET tube or supraglottic airway 2)Evaluate the airway for difficulty 3)Bag-valve mask ventilation to pre-oxygenate the patient

Which of the following are the signs of hypothermia? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Confusion -Bounding pulse -Slow, shallow breathing -Lack of coordination

1)Confusion 2)Slow, shallow breathing 3)Lack of coordination

Which of the following are venomous snakes found in North America? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Copperhead -King Snake -Cottonmouth -Cobra -Rattlesnake -Bullsnake

1)Copperhead 2)Cottonmouth 3)Rattlesnake

Which of the following are signs/symptoms of classic heat stroke? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Core body temperature of 104 °F (40 °C) or higher -Alteration in sweating -Bradycardia -Altered mental status

1)Core body temperature of 104 °F (40 °C) or higher 2)Alteration in sweating 3)Altered mental status

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Crackles in the lungs -Low blood pressure -Edema in the feet and ankles -Shortness of breath

1)Crackles in the lungs 2)Edema in the feet and ankles 3)Shortness of breath

The Department of Transportation's (DOT) North American Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) classifies Hazardous Materials into nine different groups. Identify the classes below that are matched correctly with the chemical family. Select the three answer options which are correct. -DOT Class 8: Corrosives -DOT Class 4: Radioactive materials -DOT Class 1: Explosives -DOT Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides

1)DOT class 8: Corrosives 2)DOT class 1: Explosives 3)DOT class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides

Positive pressure ventilation forces air into the lungs and is used for ineffective or absent breathing. Which of the following can result from positive pressure ventilation? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Increase in blood pressure -Increased cardiac output -Decreased blood pressure -Decreased blood return to the heart (preload) -Increased blood return to the heart (preload) -Increase in stroke volume

1)Decreased blood presure 2)Decreased blood return to the heart (preload)

Which of the following are common complications of providing artificial ventilation with a bag-mask device? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Increased cardiac output from increased intrathoracic pressure -Decreased cardiac output from increased intrathoracic pressure -Gastric distention -Improper positioning of the patient's head -Hyper-oxygenation

1)Decreased cardiac output from increased intrathoracic pressure 2)Gastric distention 3)Improper positioning of the patient's head

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of intracranial pressure elevation? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Normal respirations -Constricted pupils -Priapism -Decreased pulse rate -Tachycardia -Unilaterally fixed and dilated pupil -Abnormal respirations

1)Decreased pulse rate 2)Unilaterally fixed and dialted pupil 3)Abnormal respirations

Which of the following are the types of cranial fractures? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Depressed -Linear -Basilar -Le Fort

1)Depressed 2)Linear 3)Basilar

Which of the following are the signs/symptoms of cholinergic poisoning? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Diarrhea -Severely dry mucous membranes -Constipation -Excessive tearing of the eyes -Inability to urinate -Drooling

1)Diarrhea 2)Excessive tearing of the eyes 3)Drooling

Which of the following are phases of a rescue operation? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Disentanglement -Gaining access -Decontamination -Arrival and scene size-up

1)Disentanglement 2)Gaining access 3)Arrival and scene size-up

Which of the following statements are correct in regard to driving an ambulance safely? Select the 4 answer options which are correct. -Go against the flow of traffic to ensure the fastest response. -Drive within the speed limit while transporting patients, except in extreme emergencies. -Always assume other drivers do not hear or see you, even while using lights and sirens. -Stay at least 4 seconds behind another vehicle in the same lane. -Select the shortest and least-congested route to the scene at the time of the dispatch.

1)Drive within the speed limit while transporting patients, except in extreme emergencies. 2)Always assume other drivers do not hear or see you, even while using lights and sirens. 3)Stay at least 4 seconds behind another vehicle in the same lane. 4)Select the shortest and least-congested route to the scene at the time of the dispatch.

Which of the following are examples of containers that are used to transport hazardous materials? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Bulk tanks -Drums -Cylinders -Storage Buildings -Carboys

1)Drums 2)Cylinders 3)Carboys

Which of the following are antidote kits that may be used after exposure to a nerve agent? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Pasadena -DuoDote -Cyanokit -Anitdote Treatment Nerve Agent Auto-Injector (ATNAA). Narcan

1)DueDote 2)Anitdote Treatment Nerve Agent Auto-Injector (ATNAA). Narcan

Which of the following is likely to be a complication of hemodialysis? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Electrolyte imbalance -Hyperglycemia -Muscle cramps -Hypotension

1)Electrolyte imbalance 2)Muscle cramps 3)Hypotension

Which of the following can be used to identify hazardous materials in a transportation incident? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Emergency Response Guidebook -Waybill -NFPA 704 system -Chemtrec -Poison control

1)Emergency Response Guidebook 2)Waybill

Which of the following statements are correct regarding AED use for an adult patient in cardiac arrest? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Ensure high-quality chest compressions are not interrupted for longer than 10 seconds. -Power on the AED, then apply the pads and analyze. -If no shock is advised, contact medical control before resuming CPR. -If a shock is advised, make sure everyone is clear of the patient before pushing the shock button.

1)Ensure high-quality chest compressions are not interrupted for longer than 10 seconds. 2)Power on the AED, then apply the pads and analyze. 3)If a shock is advised, make sure everyone is clear of the patient before pushing the shock button

The rule of nines is a quick method to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) of a burn. Which options below pair the right body part with TBSA percent for an adult? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Entire arm = 9% -Anterior torso = 18% -Head = 9% -Entire leg = 9%

1)Entire arem = 9% 2)Anterior torso = 18% 3)Head = 9%

The GEMS diamond mnemonic was created to help EMS providers recall key concepts about the assessment of geriatric patients. Which of the following are categories of the GEMS diamond? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Environmental assessment -Gastrointestinal assessment -Social assessment -Medical assessment

1)Environmental assessment 2)Social assessment 3)Medical assessment

Which of the following results from infections and will most likely cause respiratory distress in pediatric patients? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Asthma -Epiglottitis -Tracheitis -Croup

1)Epiglottitis 2)Tracheitits 3)Croup

Which of the following can be a cause of upper GI bleeding? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Polyps -Ulcerative colitis -Hemorrhoids -Esophageal rupture -Mallory-Weiss syndrome -Cholelithiasis

1)Esophageal rupture 2)Mallory-Weiss syndrome

An injury to the neck could damage which of the following? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Esophogus -Larynx -Carotoid arteries -Aortic arch

1)Esophogus 2)Larynx 3)Carotoid arteries

Which of the following are considered critical EMS assessments and actions in out-of-hospital acute stroke care? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Establish the time of symptom onset (last-known normal) -Check glucose and treat if indicated -Triage to the most appropriate stroke center -Obtain a 12-lead ECG

1)Establish the time of symptom onset (last-known normal) 2)Check glucose and treat if indicated 3)Triage to the most appropriate stroke center

Which of the following may be signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an EMT after responding to a mass-casualty event? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Feelings of hopelessness, guilt, or low self-worth -Having thoughts about the incident -Losing interest in activities -Changes in eating habits

1)Feelings of hopelessness, guilt, or low self-worth 2)Losing interest in activities 3)Changes in eating habits

Which of the following are opioid drugs used to treat pain (also known as narcotics)? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Fentanyl -Xanax -Valium -Morphine -Ativan -Oxycodone

1)Fentanyl 2)Morphine 3)Oxycodone

Which of the following are goals established by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the management of a suspected STEMI (ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction) patient? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Percutaneous coronary intervention should begin within 120 minutes from first medical contact. -12 Lead should be obtained within 15 minutes of being on scene. -Fibrinolytic administration should begin within 30 minutes of the patient's arrival in the ED if a cath lab is not available. -Obtain a 12-lead ECG within ten minutes of EMS contact with the patient. -Rapid transport to the closest facility. -Percutaneous coronary intervention should begin within 90 minutes from first medical contact.

1)Fibrinolytic administration should begin within 30 minutes of the patient's arrival in the ED if a cath lab is not available. 2)Obtain a 12-lead ECG within ten minutes of EMS contact with the patient. 3)Percutaneous coronary intervention should begin within 90 minutes from first medical contact.

The 5 major functional areas of the Incident Command System (ICS) include which of these? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Staging -Safety -Triage -Medical -Finance/administration -Command -Planning

1)Finance/administration 2)Command 3)Planning

The NFPA 704 system is used to indicate hazards found in buildings. The components of NFPA 704 include which of the following? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Transportation hazard -Flammability hazard -Special Information -Rail car transport -Airline transport -Health hazard

1)Flammability hazard 2)Special Information 3)Health hazard

Energy that is emitted from a radiological source can be categorized as which of the following? Select the four answer options which are correct. -Gamma radiation -Alpha radiation -Delta radiation -Neutron radiation -Beta radiation

1)Gamma radiation 2)Alpha radiation 3)Neutron radiation 4)Beta radiation

Which of the following is considered a common cause of acute abdomen? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Gastroenteritis -Pancreatitis -Gallstones -Kidney stones

1)Gastroenteritis 2)Pancreatitis 3)Gallstones

Which of the following are techniques an EMT can use to reduce the risk of being injured by lightning? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Get away from bodies of water -Shelter under an isolated tree. -Avoid extreme high ground for shelter -Stay in the open whenever possible

1)Get away from bodies of water 2)Avoid extreme high ground for shelter

Which of the following findings are expected for a patient with a concussion injury to the brain? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Gradual improvement in mental status -No loss of coordination -Amnesia before or after the event -Gradual decline in mental status -Patient denies weakness -Denies nausea and vomiting

1)Gradual improvement in mental status 2)Amnesia before or after the event

Which of the following conditions are endocrine system disorders? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Graves disease -Addison's disease -Becks disease -GERD -Kidney Stones -Diabetic ketoacidosis

1)Graves disease 2)Addison's disease 3)Diabetic ketoacidosis

Eponymous medical signs are named after a person or persons, usually, the physician(s) who first described them. Which of the following eponyms are correct? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Grey-Turner sign indicates retroperitoneal hemorrhage -Kehr's sign indicates a lower GI bleed -Cullen sign indicates intraperitoneal hemorrhage -Murphy's sign indicates appendicitis

1)Grey-Turner sign indicates retroperitoneal hemorrhage 2)Cullen sign indicates intraperitoneal hemorrhage

Which of the following are considered altitude illnesses? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -HACE -HAPE -AGE -AMS

1)HACE 2)HAPE 3)AMS

Many EMS systems will allow EMTs to apply cardiac monitoring and transmit an ECG to a hospital. Which of the following is true regarding 12-lead ECG acquisition? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Have the patient lay as still as possible while obtaining the ECG -Consider shaving the skin for electrode placement, because hair will prevent good contact with the skin -There are 4 chest leads and 3 limb leads on a 12-lead ECG -In a moving ambulance, stop the vehicle while obtaining the ECG

1)Have the patient lay as still as possible while obtaining the ECG 2)Consider shaving the skin for electrode placement, because hair will prevent good contact with the skin 3)In a moving ambulance, stop the vehicle while obtaining the ECG

Which of the following would not be appropriate management of bystanders and unprotected workers at the scene of a suspected toxic gas leak? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Have them move downwind to reduce their exposure risk. -Contact poison control to see what isolation distances are recommended. -Have them move to an area officially identified as the cold zone. -Utilize the Emergency Response Guidebook -Chemtrec -Have them move to a building with no windows.

1)Have them move downwind to reduce their exposure risk. 2)Contact poison control to see what isolation distances are recommended. 3)Have them move to a building with no windows.

Gas exchange in the lungs and tissues is known as respiration. Which of the following are internal factors that can affect this process? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Wheezing -Heart failure -Carbon monoxide poisoning -Pneumonia -High altitude

1)Heart failure 2)Pneumonia

Ventricular tachycardia (VTACH) is a rapid heart rhythm that is life-threatening and requires rapid intervention. Which of the following are signs/symptoms of VTACH? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -High blood pressure -Heart rate of 150-220 beats/min -Impalpable pulse -Unresponsiveness

1)Heart rate of 150-220 beats/min 2)Impalpable pulse 3)Unresponsiveness

Which types of hepatitis can be transmitted through blood? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Hepatitis A -Hepatitis B -Hepatitis C -Hepatitis D

1)Hepatitis B 2)Hepatitis C 3)Hepatitis D

Chemical suicides involve mixing common household substances in an enclosed space, resulting in the release of which of the following gases? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Anhydrous ammonia -Carbon monoxide -Hydrogen sulfide -Anhydrous cyanide -Carbon dioxide -Hydrogen cyanide

1)Hydrogen sulfide 2)Hydrogen cyanide

Which of the following are the results of hypoventilation? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Hypercarbia -Minute volume reduction -Atelectasis -Hypocarbia

1)Hypercarbia 2)Minute volume reduction 3)Atelectasis

Which of the following findings characterize an anticholinergic overdose or poisoning? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Constricted pupils -Hyperthermia -Warm, dry, and reddened skin -Dilated pupils

1)Hyperthermia 2)Warm, dry, and reddened skin 3)Dilated pupils

Which of the following conditions can lead to respiratory alkalosis? Select the three answer options which are correct. Opioid overdose -Hyperventilation syndrome -Decreased respirations -Fever -Aspirin overdose

1)Hyperventilation syndrome 2)Fever 3)Aspirin overdose

The AHA's "Hs and Ts" mnemonic summarizes the possible reversible causes of cardiac arrest in an adult patient. Which of the following are included in this mnemonic? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Hypoxia -Toxins -Hypovolemia -Hyperglycemia

1)Hypoxia 2)Toxins 3)Hypovolemia

Which of the following are common over-the-counter (OTC) medications? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Ibuprofen -Ipratropium -Diphenhydramine -Aspirin

1)Ibuprofen 2)Diphenhydramine 3)Aspirin

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the provision of artificial ventilation for a patient with a stoma? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -If a stoma becomes clogged, suction it with a rigid suction catheter. -If air leaks through the nose and mouth while ventilating the stoma, cover the nose and mouth with a gloved hand to seal it. -Ventilate with a bag-mask device using a pediatric mask placed directly over the stoma. -Ventilate with a bag-mask device placed over the nose and mouth and cover the stoma with a gloved hand.

1)If air leaks through the nose and mouth while ventilating the stoma, cover the nose and mouth with a gloved hand to seal it. 2)Ventilate with a bag-mask device using a pediatric mask placed directly over the stoma.

Which of the following are appropriate treatments for a trauma patient with suspected internal bleeding? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Immediate transport to a trauma center -Allowing the patient to drink water if thirsty -Keeping the patient warm -Oxygen administration

1)Immediate transport to a trauma center 2)Keeping the patient warm 3)Oxygen administration

Which of the following are the potential negative consequences of backboarding a patient? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Impaired ventilation -Pain -Pressure sores -Hyperflexion of the cervical spine

1)Impaired ventilation 2)Pain 3)Pressure sores

Which of the following are contraindications for placing an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Inability to open the patient's mouth -Traumatic brain injury -Intact gag reflex -Consciousness

1)Inability to open the patient's mouth 2)Intact gag reflex 3)Consciousness

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used in the management of patients with acute pulmonary edema. Which of the following would be contraindications to using CPAP? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Inability to protect the airway -Respiratory distress after a recent submersion incident -Rapid respiratory rate -History of recent upper GI surgery

1)Inability to protect the airway 2)History of recent GI surgery

Which of the following are unpredictable situations that may occur while responding to an emergency call? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Roads that are closed -Heavy commuter traffic -Road construction -Inclement weather -Stalled vehicles

1)Inclement weather 2)Stalled vehicles

A paramedic has placed an endotracheal tube and an EMT is supporting the management of the patient. Which of the following are signs of endotracheal tube complications? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Increased resistance when ventilating -Easy ventilation through the tube -Sudden drop in end-tidal CO2 levels -Absence of sounds in epigastrium when ventilating

1)Increased resistance when ventilating 2)Sudden drop in end-tidal CO2 levels

What are the two main types of stroke? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Embolic -Ischemic -Hemorrhagic -Atherosclerotic -Thrombolitic

1)Ischemic 2)Hemorrhagic

An EMT may assist an ALS provider with endotracheal intubation. The paramedic will perform the skill, but the EMT partner will play a vital role in monitoring the patient and assisting with BLS airway maneuvers. Which of the following are reasons to perform endotracheal intubation? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -It makes ventilating the patient easier. -It provides a route for medication. -It protects the airway from aspiration. -It removes the need for suctioning.

1)It makes ventilating the patient easier. 2)It provides a route for medication. 3)It protects the airway from aspiration.

Which of the following are devices that are appropriate to provide spinal motion restriction for a patient with a suspected spinal injury? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -KED device -Traction splint -Full-body vacuum mattress -Long spine board

1)KED device 2)Full-body vacuum mattress 3)Long spine board

Which of the following is correct regarding the difference between Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Bradycardia occurs in HHNS. -Ketones are present in DKA and not in HHNS. -The level of consciousness is not altered in DKA. -Blood glucose levels are higher in HHNS. -Ketones are present in both DKA and HHNS. -The pulse changes minimally in HHNS.

1)Ketones are present in DKA and not in HHNS. 2)Blood glucose levels are higher in HHNS.

Which of the following conditions is not expected to cause referred pain? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Cholecystitis -Kidney stone -Diverticulitis -Osteoporosis

1)Kidney stone 2)Diverticulitis 3)Osteoporosis

Which of the following are considered supraglottic airway devices available for EMS use? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -King LT -i-Gel -Shiley -Laryngeal mask airway

1)King LT 2)i-Gel 3)Laryngeal mask airway

Which of the following joints can EMS professionals attempt to reduce in a pre-hospital setting (if protocol or medical control allows)? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Knee -Elbow -Nose -Wrist -Shoulder

1)Knee 2)Wrist 3)Shoulder

Which of the following are contraindications to placing a supraglottic airway device? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Known lung disease -Known caustic substance ingestion -Known esophageal disease -Intact gag reflex

1)Known caustic substance ingestion 2)Known esophageal disease 3)Intact gag reflex

Which of the following are leads placed on a patient's limbs to acquire a 12-lead ECG? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -LA -RL -V6 -V3

1)LA 2)RL

Which of the following are part of the Department of Transportation (DOT) marking system for hazardous materials? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Labels -Placards -Waybill -Markings

1)Labels 2)Placards 3)Markings

EMS providers can calculate how long the supply of oxygen in a cylinder will last by using constant flow rates. Differently sized cylinders have different constant flow rates. Which of the following pairs of cylinder sizes and constant flow rates are correct? Select the three answer options which are correct. -K cylinder = 2.41 -M cylinder = 1.56 -D cylinder = 0.16 -E cylinder = 0.28

1)M cylinder = 1.56 2)D cylinder = 0.16 3)E cylinder = 0.28

Which of the following are considered sympathomimetic substances? Select the three answer options which are correct. -MDMA -Fentanyl -Methamphetamine -Cocaine -Heroin -Oxycodone

1)MDMA 2)Methamphetamine 3)Cocaine

Which of the following are risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Maternal smoking during pregnancy or after birth -Maternal age younger than 20 years -Low birth weight -Lower socioeconomic class

1)Maternal smoking during pregnancy or after birth 2)Maternal age younger than 20 years 3)Low birth weight

Which of the following statements are true regarding hip dislocations? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Most hip dislocations involve posterior dislocation. -Most hip dislocations involve anterior dislocation. -The leg on the affected side of a posterior hip dislocation will be shortened and internally rotated. -The leg on the affected side of a posterior hip dislocation will be lengthened and externally rotated.

1)Most hip dislocations involve posterior dislocation. 2)The leg on the affected side of a posterior hip dislocation will be shortened and internally rotated.

Which of the following oxygen-delivery devices and concentrations provided are listed accurately? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Nasal cannula: 24-44% -Non-rebreather mask: 90% -Bag-valve mask with an oxygen reservoir: 80-100% -Venturi mask: 100%

1)Nasal cannula: 24-44% 2)Non-rebreather mask: 90% 3)Bag-valve mask with an oxygen reservoir: 80-100%

Which of the following are signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Nasal flaring -Retractions -Inspiratory stridor -Jugular vein distention

1)Nasal flaring 2)Retractions 3)Inspiratory stridor

Which of the following agents used in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) would cause symptoms of exposure at the scene of the attack? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Nerve agents -Radiological agents -Pulmonary agents -Vesicant agents -Bacteria agent -Biological agent

1)Nerve agents 2)Pulmonary agents 3)Vesicant agents

Which of the following are considered classes of chemical agents used in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Bacterial hemorrhagic fevers -Nerve agents -Vesicants -Respiratory agents -Viral hemorrhagic fevers

1)Nerve agents 2)Vesicants 3)Respiratory agents

Which of the following statements are true regarding neonates? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Newborns weighing under 2.5 pounds are at higher risk for complications. -Complications occur more frequently in newborns aged 38-40 weeks. -Prematurity is the most common cause of respiratory distress in neonates. -The risk of complications is not increased for multiple gestation pregnancies.

1)Newborns weighing under 2.5 pounds are at higher risk for complications. 2)Prematurity is the most common cause of respiratory distress in neonates.

Which of the following may be indicated for an adult patient with pulmonary edema? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Nitroglycerin -Albuterol -CPAP -Aspirin -Epi

1)Nitroglycerin 2)CPAP

Which of the following are correct treatments for a patient with pulmonary edema from Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Nitroglycerin -CPAP -Supplemental oxygen -Place patient in the supine position -Aspirin

1)Nitroglycerin 2)CPAP 3)Supplemental oxygen

The administration of nitroglycerin for cardiac-related chest pain can have strong benefits for a patient experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Which of the following statements is correct regarding the administration of nitroglycerin? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Nitroglycerin loses potency over time, and expired medication will most likely not be as effective -A headache is a common side effect of nitroglycerin -Patients may report a fizzing sensation when a nitroglycerin tablet is placed under the tongue -Do not give nitroglycerin if the maximum dose has been given, usually 4 doses

1)Nitroglycerin loses potency over time, and expired medication will most likely not be as effective 2)A headache is a common side effect of nitroglycerin 3)Patients may report a fizzing sensation when a nitroglycerin tablet is placed under the tongue

Which of the following criteria should be met prior to terminating resuscitative efforts on an adult cardiac arrest patient in a pre-hospital setting? Select the three answer options which are correct. -No AED or shock delivered -Advanced airway placement -Consult with Medical Director -IV established -No ROSC -Arrest not witnessed by EMS

1)No AED or shock delivered 2)No ROSC 3)Arrest not witnessed by EMS

Which of the following are criteria that must be met to withhold using a long spine board? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -No intoxication -Numbness in the hands or fingers -No neurologic findings or complaints -Normal level of consciousness

1)No intoxication 2)No neurologic findings or complaints 3)Normal level of consciousness

Which of the following are examples of surgically implanted devices that may be used to help patients with cardiac disease? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Pacemaker -Defibrillator vest -Internal cardiac defibrillator -Left ventricular assist device

1)Pacemaker 2)Internal cardiac defibrillator 3)Left ventricular assist device

Which of the following are possible causes of tachycardia in an adult patient? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Alcohol use -Pain -Heart disease -Stimulant medication use

1)Pain 2)Heart disease 3)Stimulant medication use

Which of the following are signs of compartment syndrome? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Flaccid muscle tone -Pain -Numbness -Tenderness

1)Pain 2)Numbness 3)Tenderness

Which of the following are endocrine glands? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Gallbladder -Parathyroid glands -Pancreas -Adrenal glands

1)Parathyroid glands 2)Pancreas 3)Adrenal glands

You are part of the first team at the scene of a motor vehicle crash (MVC). Which of the following directions are correct in regard to parking the ambulance? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Park as close as possible to the damaged vehicle. -Park 100 feet away from the scene if possible. -Park the ambulance with the wheels turned away from the scene. -Park at an angle in the "fend off" position.

1)Park 100 feet away from the scene if possible. 2)Park the ambulance with the wheels turned away from the scene. 3)Park at an angle in the "fend off" position.

For which of the following wounds would an occlusive dressing be indicated? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Penetrating injury to the anterior neck -Avulsion to the finger -Penetrating injury to the chest -Burn injury to the face

1)Penetrating injury to the anterior neck 2)Penetrating injury to the chest

You and your EMT partner arrive at a scene and find an unresponsive and pulseless adult patient. Which of the following are steps in the management of this patient? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Perform CPR using a 30:2 ratio of chest compressions to ventilations, ensuring that compressions are not interrupted for more than 10 seconds. -Continue cycles of compressions and ventilations until ROSC or additional help arrives. Perform CPR using a 15:2 ratio of chest compressions to ventilations, ensuring that compressions are not interrupted for more than 10 seconds. -Place AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts.

1)Perform CPR using a 30:2 ratio of chest compressions to ventilations, ensuring that compressions are not interrupted for more than 10 seconds. 2)Continue cycles of compressions and ventilations until ROSC or additional help arrives. 3)Place AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts.

Which of the following are recommended management principles from the American Heart Association (AHA) that EMTs can employ after a cardiac arrest patient has a Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Treat for hyperthermia -Perform a neurological examination -Obtain and transmit a 12-lead ECG -Monitor for spontaneous respirations and provide oxygen via a bag-mask device at 10 breaths per minute as needed -Maintain oxygen saturation between 90% and 100%

1)Perform a neurological examination 2)Obtain and transmit a 12-lead ECG 3)Monitor for spontaneous respirations and provide oxygen via a bag-mask device at 10 breaths per minute as needed

You are an EMT assisting a paramedic with endotracheal intubation. The paramedic asks you to position the patient's head. Which of the following positions would not be beneficial for attempting endotracheal intubation in an adult patient? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Placing the head in a chin-down position -Placing the head in a hyperflexed position -Placing the head in a sniffing position -Placing the head in a neutral position

1)Placing the head in a chin-down position 2)Placing the head in a hyperflexed position 3)Placing the head in a neutral position

Which of the following are components of blood? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Platelets -Erythrocytes -Bile -Plasma

1)Platelets 2)Erythrocytes 3)Plasma

Which of the following are considered causes of shock? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Poor vessel function -Low fluid volume -Brain injury -Pump failure

1)Poor vessel function 2)Low fluid volume 3)Pump failure

Which of the following is correct regarding air medical landing zones? Select the three answer options which are correct. -50 x 50 landing zone is ideal -Position emergency vehicles at the corners of the LZ with headlights facing inward. -A flat area of 100 × 100 feet is ideal. -The landing zone should be as close to the scene as possible. -Use flares to mark the corners of the landing zone.

1)Position emergency vehicles at the corners of the LZ with headlights facing inward. 2)A flat area of 100 × 100 feet is ideal. 3)The landing zone should be as close to the scene as possible.

Which of the following conditions can mimic a stroke? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Postictal state -Pulmonary embolism -Alcohol intoxication -Hypoglycemia

1)Postictal state 2)Alcohol intoxication 3)Hypoglycemia

Which of the following is appropriate for the management of a patient with a head injury and signs of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Preparation for the patient to vomit -Airway management -Hyperventilation to reduce ICP -Rapid transportation to a trauma center

1)Preparation for the patient to vomit 2)Airway management 3)Rapid transportation to a trauma center

Which of the following are signs/symptoms of preeclampsia? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Protein in urine -Swelling of the hands and feet Nausea and vomiting Low blood glucose -Headaches Seizures

1)Protein in urine 2)Swelling of the hands and feet 3)Headaches

Which of the following potentially lethal chest injuries would most likely be identified in the secondary assessment? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Open pneumothorax -Pulmonary contusion -Myocardial contusion -Traumatic aortic disruption

1)Pulmonary contusion 2)Myocardial contusion 3)Traumatic aortic disruption

Which of the following conditions can cause crackles in lung sounds? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Pulmonary edema -COPD -Bronchitis -Emphysema -Asthma -Congestive heart failure

1)Pulmonary edema 2)Congestive heart failure

Which of the following are possible causes of pleural effusion? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Pulmonary edema -Pedal Edema -Pulmonary embolism -Cancer -Pneumonia -Congestive heart failure

1)Pulmonary embolism 2)Cancer 3)Congestive heart failure

In which of the following situations would nitroglycerin administration be contraindicated? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Pulse of 146 Shortness of breath with chest pain -Erectile dysfunction medication use within 24 hours -Systolic blood pressure of 82 mm Hg

1)Pulse of 146 2)Erectile dysfunction medication use within 24 hours 3)Systolic blood pressure of 82 mm Hg

Which of the following are indications that artificial ventilation is adequate? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Pulse returning to a normal rate -Improved oxygen saturation -ETCO2 levels above 45 cm H2O -Equal rise and fall of the chest

1)Pulse returning to a normal rate 2)Improved oxygen saturation 3)Equal rise and fall of the chest

Which of the following are considered late signs of hemorrhagic shock? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Rapid breathing -Cold, clammy skin -Anxiousness -Dull, slightly dilated pupils

1)Rapid breathing 2)Cold, clammy skin 3)Dull, slightly dilated pupils

Which of the following would most likely be present in a trauma patient with a blood loss of >20% of circulating blood volume? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Rapid, bounding pulse -Rapid breathing -Confusion or anxiousness -Rapid, weak pulse

1)Rapid breathing 2)Confusion or anxiousness 3)Rapid, weak pulse

Which of the following are indications for CPAP? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Rapid breathing that affects minute volume -Unable to maintain their own airway -Respiratory distress after a submersion incident -Vomiting -Hypoventilation -Pulse oximetry below 90% despite supplemental oxygen

1)Rapid breathing that affects minute volume 2)Respiratory distress after a submersion incident 3)Pulse oximetry below 90% despite supplemental oxygen

Which of the following are considered links in the American Heart Association's (AHA's) "chain of survival"? Select the four answer options which are correct. -Early transport -Reassessment -Rapid defibrillation -Post-cardiac arrest care -Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system -Immediate high-quality CPR

1)Rapid defibrillation 2)Post-cardiac arrest care 3)Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system 4)Immediate high-quality CPR

Which findings characterize hypoglycemia? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Rapid onset of symptoms -Pale, cool, and moist skin -Altered mental status -Bradycardia

1)Rapid onset of symptoms 2)Pale, cool, and moist skin 3)Altered mental status

The Stroke Chain of Survival described by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Stroke Association (ASA) includes which of the following? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Rapid use of 9-1-1 and EMS dispatch -Rapid recognition of and reaction to stroke warning signs and symptoms Rapid administration of fibrinolytic medications -Rapid EMS recognition of stroke, triage, transport, and pre-hospital notification to the receiving hospital

1)Rapid use of 9-1-1 and EMS dispatch 2)Rapid recognition of and reaction to stroke warning signs and symptoms 3)Rapid EMS recognition of stroke, triage, transport, and pre-hospital notification to the receiving hospital

The most widely used water-rescue model consists of which components? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Float -Reach -Push -Throw -Pull

1)Reach 2)Throw

Which of the following tip color and size combinations are correct for a King LT airway? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Red - Size 4 -Purple - Size 5 -White - Size 3 -Yellow - Size 3

1)Red - Size 4 2)Purple - Size 5 3)Yellow - Size 3

Which of the following symptoms characterize an allergic reaction? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Red, flushed, warm skin -Persistent, dry coughing -Bradycardia -Urticaria on large areas of the body -Hypertension -Normal mental status -Pale, cool, diaphoretic skin

1)Red, flushed, warm skin 2)Persistent, dry coughing 3)Urticaria on large areas of the body

Which of the following would most likely be found at the scene of an MCI rather than an off-site emergency operations center? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Rehabilitation officer -Liaison officer -Finance officer -Safety officer

1)Rehabilitation officer 2)Liaison officer 3)Safety officer

Which of the following are ways to calculate the Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA) for a pediatric patient? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Rule of nines -Rule of fist -Parkland formula -Rule of palms -Rule of thumbs

1)Rule of nines 2)Rule of palms

What are the differences between the SALT and START triage methods? Select the two answer options which are correct. -SALT does not allow for any interventions. -SALT allows for limited rapid interventions. -SALT has five categories, not four. -START does not direct those who can walk to a treatment/collection area. -SALT is used for pediatric patients, not adults.

1)SALT allows for limited rapid interventions. 2)SALT has five categories, not four.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the glass on a vehicle? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Safety glass is found in the front windshield and is not easily broken. Safety glass is found in the side windows and is most easily broken with a window punch. -Tempered glass is found in the side windows and is most easily broken with a window punch. Safety glass is found in the rear window and is most easily broken with a window punch.

1)Safety glass is found in the front windshield and is not easily broken. 2)Tempered glass is found in the side windows and is most easily broken with a window punch.

Which of the following represents the categories of blast injuries? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Stationary -Secondary -Primary -Tertiary

1)Secondary 2)Primary 3)Tertiary

Which of the following are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Sertraline (Zoloft) -Fluoxetine (Prozac) -Phenytoin (Dilantin) -Paroxetine (Paxil)

1)Sertraline (Zoloft) 2)Fluoxetine (Prozac) 3)Paroxetine (Paxil)

Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis include which of the following? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Severe pain in the upper right or left abdominal quadrant -Nausea and vomiting -Abdominal pain that worsens after eating -"Coffee-ground" emesis

1)Severe pain in the upper right or left abdominal quadrant 2)Nausea and vomiting 3)Abdominal pain that worsens after eating

Normal pulse oximetry readings (SpO2) should be between 95% and 98%. Some clinical conditions warrant different target oxygen saturations. Which of the following correctly identifies the appropriate target oxygen saturation levels recommended by the American Heart Association? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Stroke: 95% to 98% -ACS: 90% -ACS: 100% -Post-cardiac-arrest care: 100%

1)Stroke: 95% to 98% 2)ACS: 90%

Which of the following blood vessels returns blood to the heart? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Superior vena cava -Pulmonary vein -Pulmonary artery -Corotid artery -Inferior vena cava

1)Superior vena cava 2)Pulmonary vein 3)Inferior vena cava

Dermatomes are areas of skin that are innervated by spinal nerves and can be used to identify the area of the spinal cord that is injured. Which of the following dermatomes are correctly identified? Select the two answer options which are correct. -L1 = umbilicus -C3 = nipple line -L5 = umbilicus -T4 = nipple line -T10 = umbilicus -C5 = nipple line

1)T4 = nipple line 2)T10 = umbilicus

What are the signs of hyperglycemia? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Cool, moist skin -Tachycardia -Deep, rapid respirations -Polyuria

1)Tachycardia 2)Deep, rapid respirations 3)Polyuria

Which of the following can cause obstructive shock? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Tension pneumothorax -Anaphylaxis -Cardiac tamponade -Pericardial effusion

1)Tension pneumothorax 2)Cardiac tamponade 3)Pericardial effusion

Which of the following conditions will cause changes in breath sounds? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Tension pneumothorax -Hemothorax -Pulmonary embolism -Pleural effusion

1)Tension pneumothorax 2)Hemothorax 3)Pleural effusion

Which of the following are emergency conditions that may be a result of scuba diving? Select the two answer options which are correct. -The bends -Ascent pains -HACE -HAPE -The squeeze

1)The bends 2)The squeeze

Which of the following statements are correct regarding ischemic stroke? Select the three answer options which are correct. -The critical period for the administration of reperfusion therapy begins with the onset of symptoms. -A 12-lead ECG should be obtained within ten minutes of the first contact by medical personnel. -EMS crews need to notify the receiving facility as soon as possible when transporting a patient with a suspected stroke. -The window for stroke starts when the family finds the patient and calls 911. -The timeframe for ischemic stroke interventions may be between three and six hours, depending on the system.

1)The critical period for the administration of reperfusion therapy begins with the onset of symptoms. 2)EMS crews need to notify the receiving facility as soon as possible when transporting a patient with a suspected stroke. 3)The timeframe for ischemic stroke interventions may be between three and six hours, depending on the system.

Which of the following statements describe the correct location of key elements of a HAZMAT scene? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -The incident command post is in the warm zone. -The decontamination corridor is in the warm zone. -Triage occurs in the hot zone. -The command post is in the cold zone.

1)The decontamination corridor is in the warm zone. 2)The command post is in the cold zone.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding EMS helicopter landing zones? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -The ideal landing zone is a level area of grass or hard surface that is 100 feet by 100 feet or larger. -The landing zone should be a minimum of 200 feet from the scene. -The landing zone should be free of overhead obstacles such as power lines, trees, etc. -The landing zone should be free of debris such as gravel, litter, etc.

1)The ideal landing zone is a level area of grass or hard surface that is 100 feet by 100 feet or larger. 2)The landing zone should be free of overhead obstacles such as power lines, trees, etc. 3)The landing zone should be free of debris such as gravel, litter, etc.

Using the START (simple triage and rapid transport) triage criteria, which of the following patients would be categorized as immediate or red? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -The patient follows commands, has a respiratory rate of 36, and a capillary refill of 3 seconds -The patient is unresponsive, is apneic, and has no pulse -The patient follows commands, has a respiratory rate of 26, and a capillary refill of < 2 seconds -The patient is confused and lethargic with a respiratory rate of 20 and a capillary refill of < 2 seconds

1)The patient follows commands, has a respiratory rate of 36, and a capillary refill of 3 seconds 2)The patient is confused and lethargic with a respiratory rate of 20 and a capillary refill of < 2 seconds

A supraglottic device is preferred if intubation attempts fail, but it does not eliminate the risk of vomiting and aspiration as well as an endotracheal tube does. Which of the following are contraindications for using a supraglottic airway such as a King LT or an LMA? Select the two answer options which are correct. -The patient has a gag reflex -The patient is apneic -The patient has known esophageal disease -Intubation attempts have failed

1)The patient has a gag reflex 2)The patient has known esophageal disease

Which of the following are events that would cause the EMT to stop CPR? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -The AED indicates "no shock advised" -The patient starts breathing and has a pulse -The patient's care is transferred to another provider of equal or higher level -You are out of strength and can no longer physically continue CPR

1)The patient starts breathing and has a pulse 2)The patient's care is transferred to another provider of equal or higher level 3)You are out of strength and can no longer physically continue CPR

Which of the following are signs of adequate bag-valve mask ventilation? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Absent lung sounds are noted during auscultation -The patient's skin color becomes less cyanotic -The chest rises with ventilations -Pulse oximetry changes from 90% to 98%

1)The patient's skin color becomes less cyanotic 2)The chest rises with ventilations 3)Pulse oximetry changes from 90% to 98%

Which of the following are indicators of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in an adult cardiac arrest patient? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Ventilations becomes harder -Chest compressions becomes easier -Ventilation becomes easier -SpO2 suddenly decreases -The pulse becomes palpable -PETCO2 suddenly increases

1)The pulse becomes palpable 2)PETCO2 suddenly increases

The Hartford Consensus recommends prioritized actions in a mass shooting event. Which of the following are correct components of the THREAT mnemonic that identifies these recommended actions? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Threat suppression -Rapid extrication to safety -Active suppression of threats -Hemorrhage control

1)Threat suppression 2)Rapid extrication to safety 3)Hemorrhage control

Which of the following are considered endocrine emergencies? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Thyroid storm -Hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome -Sickle cell disease -Diabetic ketoacidosis

1)Thyroid storm 2)Hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome 3)Diabetic ketoacidosis

Which of the following are signs of a tension pneumothorax? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Hypertension -Tracheal deviation away from the affected side -Jugular venous distention -Tracheal deviation toward the affected side -Stridor -Absent breath sounds on the affected side

1)Tracheal deviation away from the affected side 2)Jugular venous distention 3)Absent breath sounds on the affected side

Which of the following are risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? Select the three answer options which are correct. -Traveling while sitting for extended periods, such as on a bus or airplane -Taking blood thinners -Undergoing recent joint replacement surgery -Being bedridden

1)Traveling while sitting for extended periods, such as on a bus or airplane 2)Undergoing recent joint replacement surgery 3)Being bedridden

In a mass casualty or large-scale event, the Incident Command System (ICS) coordinates resources and improves efficiency in incident responses and scene management. Which of the following are components of the medical or EMS group of the ICS? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Public information officer -Treatment unit leader -Transportation unit leader -Triage unit leader

1)Treatment unit leader 2)Transportation unit leader 3)Triage unit leader

Which of the following are part of the EMS branch within the Incident Management System? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. Public Information Officer -Triage -Transportation -Treatment

1)Triage 2)Transportation 3)Treatment

Which of the following would be established by the first units that arrive at a mass-casualty incident (MCI)? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -A transportation group leader -Triage -Treatment area -Incident command

1)Triage 2)Treatment area 3)Incident command

Identify which ambulance types are correctly described. Select the two answer options which are correct. -Type II is a standard van chassis that is all one piece. -Type II is a standard van chassis separated from the patient compartment. -Type I is a conventional truck-cab chassis separated from the patient compartment. -Type III is a conventional truck-cab chassis separated from the patient compartment.

1)Type II is a standard van chassis that is all one piece. 2)Type I is a conventional truck-cab chassis separated from the patient compartment.

Which of the following is appropriate for the management of a pelvic fracture? Select the four answer options which are correct. -Use a KED to stabilize pelvis -Apply downward pressure to the greater trochanters of the hip -Secure to a long device such as a scoop or long spine board -Tie a sheet around the pelvis -Treat for shock

1)Use a KED to stabilize pelvis 2)Secure to a long device such as a scoop or long spine board 3)Tie a sheet around the pelvis 4)Treat for shock

Which of the following ECG leads are correctly paired with the proper placement of the electrodes for obtaining a 12-lead ECG? Select the three answer options which are correct. -V4: 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line -V2: 4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum V6: Midclavicular at the same level as V4 and V5 -V1: 4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum V3: 5th intercostal space to the left of the sternum

1)V4: 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line 2)V2: 4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum 3)V1: 4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum

Which of the following are nerve agents that cause the immediate onset of symptoms after exposure? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -VX -Lewisite -Sarin -Tabun

1)VX 2)Sarin 3)Tabun

Which of the following statements are true regarding emergency transport vehicles? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -The original federal guidelines established four major emergency medical vehicle designs. -Vehicle readiness inspections must be completed at the beginning of each shift. -Many organizations have influenced the development of the supplies and equipment carried on vehicles. -Regulatory agencies may require specific equipment or supplies to be carried on the vehicle.

1)Vehicle readiness inspections must be completed at the beginning of each shift. 2)Many organizations have influenced the development of the supplies and equipment carried on vehicles. 3)Regulatory agencies may require specific equipment or supplies to be carried on the vehicle.

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) will shock which heart rhythm? Select the two answer options which are correct. -Ventricular Tachycardia (V-TACH) -Sinus rhythm -Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib) -PEA -Sinus Tachycardia -Asystole

1)Ventricular Tachycardia (V-TACH) 2)Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)

Which of the following arrhythmias will an AED shock? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Asystole -Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) -Ventricular tachycardia (VTach) -Ventricular fibrillation (VFib)

1)Ventricular tachycardia (VTach) 2)Ventricular fibrillation (VFib)

Overaggressive ventilation with a bag-valve mask device can complicate a respiratory failure situation and can cause which of the following? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Vomiting -Barotrauma -Hypercapnia -Gastric distention

1)Vomiting 2)Barotrauma 3)Gastric distention

Which of the following are signs/symptoms of cholecystitis? Select the three answer options which are correct. Dark, tarry stools -Vomiting -Referred pain to the right shoulder -Upper-right-quadrant abdominal pain -Constipation -Referred pain to the left shoulder

1)Vomiting 2)Referred pain to the right shoulder 3)Upper-right-quadrant abdominal pain

Which of the following adventitious lung sounds are associated with lower airway problems? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Wheezing -Stridor -Rales -Rhonchi

1)Wheezing 2)Rales 3)Rhonchi

Which of the following are examples of personal safety precautions an EMT can take to reduce the risk of being harmed by violence against first responders? Select the three answer options which are correct. -While approaching a vehicle from behind, stay behind the B post to look inside the vehicle. -Hold a flashlight away from your body while illuminating an object. Stand on the hinge side of the door so you can see the door is opened. -Stand at the side of a doorway while knocking/announcing your presence. Stand in front of a window as your partner is knocking on the front door.

1)While approaching a vehicle from behind, stay behind the B post to look inside the vehicle. 2)Hold a flashlight away from your body while illuminating an object. 3)Stand at the side of a doorway while knocking/announcing your presence.

Cushing's triad is indicative of brainstem herniation in a patient with a closed head injury. The three components of Cushing's triad include which of the following? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Loss of consciousness -Widening pulse pressure -Changes in respiration -Bradycardia

1)Widening pulse pressure 2)Changes in respiration 3)Bradycardia

Which of the following are hand tools that may be used in a vehicle rescue? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Window punch -Jaws of life -Pry bar -Lifting bags

1)Window punch 2)Pry bar

Which of the following types of radiation is considered a ray, not a particle? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -X-ray radiation -Gamma radiation -Alpha radiation -Beta radiation

1)X-ray radiation 2)Gamma radiation

Which of the following substances are examples of sedative-hypnotic drugs? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Morphine -Xanax -Valium -Ketamine

1)Xanax 2)Valium 3)Ketamine

Which of the following are management principles for the treatment of a patient with an animal bite? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Irrigate with sterile water to decontaminate the wound -Apply a dry, sterile dressing -Immobilize the area with a splint if needed -Allow the wound to bleed to flush bacteria

1)irrigate with sterile water to decontaminate the wound 2)Apply a dry, sterile dressing 3)Immobilize the area with a splint if needed

A two-month-old child is bleeding from the mouth. What is the maximum amount of time that the patient's mouth should be suctioned? -Until the airway is clear -15 seconds -5 seconds -10 seconds

10 seconds

Assuming the assessment of a patient's pulse and breathing are done simultaneously, what is the maximum time these assessments should take? -60 seconds -15 seconds -30 seconds -10 seconds

10 seconds

You are on scene at a supermarket with an 83-year-old male who collapsed while shopping with his granddaughter. Your patient is unconscious and unresponsive with no obvious signs of trauma. You simultaneously check for breathing and a pulse. How long do you spend checking for the patient's pulse? -8 seconds -12 seconds -5 seconds -10 seconds

10 seconds

You have a three-year-old female patient who was found face down in the bathtub after being left alone for two to three minutes. Her mother started CPR when she was found not breathing, and the patient vomited. Upon assessment, the patient has agonal respirations and vomit in her airway. What is the maximum time you can suction before oxygenating the patient? -15 seconds -20 seconds -5 seconds -10 seconds

10 seconds

What is the correct supplemental oxygen flow rate for a non-rebreather mask? -1-6 liters per minute -15-20 liters per minute -10-15 liters per minute -6-10 liters per minute

10-15 liters per minute

During resuscitation, what is the appropriate rate of compressions on an adult patient? -100 to 120 compressions per minute -80 to 100 compressions per minute -120 to 140 compressions per minute -60 to 80 compressions per minute

100 to 120 compressions per minute

A patient is receiving ventilation with a bag-valve mask with a filled reservoir bag and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute. What approximate oxygen concentration is being delivered? -100% -80% -44% -95%

100%

What is the normal respiratory range for adults? -15 to 30 breaths per minute -6 to 8 breaths per minute -25 to 50 breaths per minute -12 to 20 breaths per minute

12 to 20 breaths per minute

What is the average length of the first stage of labor in a primigravida patient? -24 hours -One to two hours -Eight hours -12-18 hours

12-18 hours

A patient has had skin contact with a poison. For how long should their skin be flooded with water? -Five to ten minutes -20-30 minutes -15-20 minutes -At most five minutes

15-20 mins

How long after birth will a newborn infant start to breathe spontaneously? -30-45 seconds -Longer than one minute -15-30 seconds -45-60 seconds

15-30 seconds

What is the maximum tidal volume of a reservoir bag on an adult bag-valve mask? -1600 mL -240 mL -1000 mL -700 mL

1600 mL

A six-year-old male accidentally ingested a bottle of baby aspirin less than 15 minutes before EMS arrival. Medical direction orders the administration of activated charcoal at a dose of 1 gram per kilogram of the patient's body weight. Which of the following dosages would be appropriate for this 40-pound patient? -14 grams -24 grams -18 grams -12 grams

18 grams

Which of the following is the normal respiratory rate range for an 8-year-old patient at rest? -22-34 breaths per minute -6-10 breaths per minute -18-30 breaths per minute -12-20 breaths per minute

18-30 breaths per minute

How many bones are in each foot? -20 -26 -32 -34

26

ALS providers are preparing to hyperventilate a patient with a suspected brainstem herniation. As waveform capnography becomes available, what should be the target end-tidal carbon dioxide level during hyperventilation? -45-50 mm Hg -30-35 mm Hg -60-70 mm Hg -20-25 mm Hg

30-35 mm Hg

Which of the following is the normal respiratory range for an infant patient at rest? -12-16 breaths per minute -24-40 breaths per minute -30-60 breaths per minute -18-30 breaths per minute

30-60 breaths per minute

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for one-person CPR on a child? -5:1 -30:2 -15:2 -3:1

30:2

Which of the following is an appropriate respiratory rate for an infant? -62 breaths per minute -100 breaths per minute -36 breaths per minute -24 breaths per minute

36 breaths per minute

A three-year-old boy pulled a boiling pan of oil off the stove. He has third-degree burns over his entire head and the front of his trunk. Using the rule of nines, what percentage of the child's body's surface area is affected? -18% -27% -36% -45%

36%

An adult male trauma patient does not respond verbally or with eye-opening to painful stimuli and speech. He extends his arms and legs during the motor response test. What is his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score? -0 -4 -8 -14

4

How long can the brain be deprived of oxygen before developing irreversible damage? -10-12 minutes -4-6 minutes -1-3 minutes -8-10 minutes

4-6 minutes

Which of the following is the approximate time from conception to delivery for a normal gestation? -36 weeks -46 weeks -30 weeks -40 weeks

40 Weeks

What is the maximum percentage of oxygen that can be delivered via a nasal cannula at a maximum flow rate of six liters per minute? -55% -100% -44% -95%

44%

If a patient has a stroke volume of 75 mL per beat and a heart rate of 75 beats per minute, what is their cardiac output? -75 mL/min -100 mL/min -5.6 L/min -1 mL/min

5.6 L/min

You are treating an 80-year-old female for shortness of breath. The patient has a history of COPD and pneumonia and has no known allergies. The patient takes bronchodilators and steroids and is on home oxygen. What percentage of the vital capacity do older adults over 75 years of age have compared to young adults? -50% -25% -75% -80%

50%

Assisted ventilation is about to be initiated for a patient with inadequate respirations. Which of the following is the approximate tidal volume that should be administered to an adult? -500 mL -250 mL -1000 mL -750 mL

500 mL

When providing assisted ventilation to an adult via a bag-valve mask, which approximate tidal volume will cause a noticeable rise of the chest? -500 mL -400 mL -1000 mL -800 mL

500 mL

An adult patient has sustained a likely closed femur fracture. Swelling, deformity, and diminished pulses are noted. The patient is beginning to show early signs of hypovolemic shock but has no obvious external blood loss. How much blood can be lost due to internal bleeding secondary to a closed femoral shaft fracture? -1,500-2,000 mL -500-1,000 mL -Over 2,000 mL -1,000-1,500 mL

500-1,000 mL

An unconscious adult patient has sustained a large laceration to the upper right thigh. Their skin is cool, clammy, and pale. The patient has a palpable carotid pulse but no palpable radial pulse. The patient's systolic blood pressure must be at least which of the following? -60 mm Hg -100 mm Hg -70 mm Hg -80 mm Hg

70 mm Hg

What is the normal blood glucose range for an adult? -80-120 mg/dL -60-80 mg/dL -60-90 mg/dL -120-160 mg/dL

80-120mg/dL

For most adults, at what level must a patient's systolic blood pressure be in order to demonstrate a palpable radial pulse? -76 mm Hg -68 mm Hg -100 mm Hg -90 mm Hg

90 mm Hg

At what percentage of total body surface area is a pediatric burn considered to be severe? -25% superficial burn -5% 2nd degree burn -5% 1st degree burn - > 10% partial thickness burn

> 10% partial thickness burn

In which scenario is activated charcoal most appropriate? -A 25-year-old woman who was bitten by an unknown insect -A 5-year-old child who has ingested an acid -A 36-year-old woman who has inhaled carbon monoxide gas -A 2-year-old child who has ingested blood pressure medication

A 2-year-old child who has ingested blood pressure medication

An automated external defibrillator (AED) is indicated in which of the following scenarios? -A 36-year-old male with a suspected opioid overdose who is unresponsive and apneic -A 78-year-old male with a cardiac history who is complaining of shortness of breath and chest discomfort -A 24-year-old female who is unresponsive and has no palpable pulse -A 42-year-old female who is unresponsive and apneic but has a palpable pulse

A 24-year old female who is unresponsive and has no palpable pulse

Which of the following patients is most likely to suffer from a heat emergency? -A 28-year-old female with noticeably decreased reflexes after exercise -A 36-year-old female with constricted pupils -A 48-year-old male complaining of itchy skin on a hot afternoon -A 24-year-old male complaining of leg cramps after running several miles

A 24-year-old male complaining of leg cramps after running several miles

A 20-car pile-up inflicts multiple injuries, and triage is initiated. Which of the following patients is considered the highest priority? -An 84-year-old female in cardiac arrest -A 43-year-old male with moderate burns to his forearm and abdomen -A 28-year-old male with a sucking chest wound -An 8-year-old female with a closed tibia fracture

A 28-year-old male with a sucking chest wound

Which of the following patients requires rapid transport? -A 13-year-old female who fell off a bicycle with a possible fractured wrist, minor cuts, and bruising -A 24-year-old female at 40 weeks of gestation with crowning but no complications -A 28-year-old male with an allergic reaction to a bee sting who has dyspnea and a rapid pulse -A 53-year-old female with alleviated chest pain after assisted administration of nitroglycerin

A 28-year-old male with an allergic reaction to a bee sting who has dyspnea and a rapid pulse

Which of the following patients has the highest score on the Glasgow Coma Scale? -A 49-year-old male who opens his eyes to painful stimuli, does not respond to speech, and has no motor response to verbal commands or painful stimuli -A 51-year-old female who opens her eyes to painful stimuli, responds with incomprehensible sounds, and withdraws from painful stimuli -A 30-year-old male who maintains eye contact, responds with incomprehensible sounds, and follows basic commands -A 24-year-old female who opens her eyes in response to speech, responds with inappropriate words, and withdraws from painful stimuli

A 30-year-old male who maintains eye contact, responds with incomprehensible sounds, and follows basic commands

Which of the following patients is most likely to experience cardiac compromise? -A 76-year-old female with a regular pulse at 108 beats per minute -A 42-year-old female with difficulty breathing, urticaria, and wheezing -A 23-year-old athlete with a pulse rate of 58 beats per minute -A 32-year-old male with an irregular pulse and dyspnea

A 32-year-old male with an irregular pulse and dyspnea

Which of the following burn patients would be considered the most critical? -A 28-year-old with full-thickness burns covering 5% of the body -A 12-year-old with full-thickness burns to the mid-leg covering 1% of the body -A 32-year-old with partial-thickness burns covering 20% of the body -A 32-year-old with partial-thickness burns covering 36% of the body

A 32-year-old with a partial-thickness burns 36% of the body

Which of the following patients is most likely to present with angina pectoris? -A 32-year-old female who is wheezing and has an extensive hay fever history -A 70-year-old male with a history of osteoporosis and diabetes without current symptoms -A 38-year-old overweight male with chest heaviness and a history of hypertension -A tall, thin, 21-year-old male with sudden-onset dyspnea and unequal breath sounds

A 38-year-old overweight male with chest heaviness and a history of hypertension

For which of the following patients would the administration of oral glucose be indicated? -A 42-year-old male with a history of diabetes and sudden-onset altered mental status -A 36-year-old female with no known medical history and sudden-onset hemiplegia -A 28-year-old female with a history of diabetes who collapsed after treadmill exercise and is unresponsive -A 41-year-old male with a history of epileptic seizures who is confused after a hit on the head

A 42-year-old male with a history of diabetes and sudden-onset altered mental status

With which of the following patients should a high-efficiency particle-absorbing (HEPA) respirator such as an N95 mask be used? -A 32-year-old patient with suspected pertussis -A 46-year-old homeless patient with a nonproductive cough of unknown cause -A 26-year-old patient with known hepatitis B -A 21-year-old patient with controlled bleeding and a history of HIV

A 46-year-old homeless patient with a nonproductive cough of unknown cause

For which of the following patients would nitroglycerin be indicated? -A 52-year-old male who took one previous dose of nitroglycerin 6 minutes ago, has a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg, and has chest pain that is 7/10 -A 59-year-old female who took a dose of nitroglycerin 2 minutes ago, has a blood pressure of 95/85 mm Hg, and has chest pain that is 7/10 -A 48-year-old female who has not taken a dose of nitroglycerin, has a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg, and has chest pain that is 10/10 -A 65-year-old male who has nitroglycerin prescribed to his wife, has a blood pressure of 120/85 mm Hg, and has chest pain that is 7/10

A 52-year-old male who took one previous dose of nitroglycerin 6 minutes ago, has a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg, and has chest pain that is 7/10

Nitroglycerin is an effective medication that helps reduce chest pain caused by ischemia. From which of the following patients should nitroglycerin be withheld? -A 60-year-old patient with prescribed nitroglycerin who takes carbamazepine, complains of radiating chest pain, and has a blood pressure of 138/80 mm Hg -A 55-year-old patient with prescribed nitroglycerin who took tadalafil 32 hours ago, complains of chest discomfort and diaphoresis, and has a blood pressure of 150/60 mm Hg -A 66-year-old patient with prescribed nitroglycerin who took sildenafil 72 hours ago, complains of chest pressure and lightheadedness, and has a blood pressure of 108/50 mm Hg -A 50-year-old patient with prescribed nitroglycerin who complains of crushing chest pain, nausea, and vomiting and has a blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg

A 55-year-old patient with prescribed nitroglycerin who took tadalafil 32 hours ago, complains of chest discomfort and diaphoresis, and has a blood pressure of 150/60 mm Hg

In which of the following scenarios is oral glucose most appropriate? -A 48-year-old female with a cardiac history who is behaving erratically after falling and hitting her head -A 38-year-old male who reports being intoxicated, complains of dizziness, and claims to have low blood sugar -A 58-year-old male who is acting intoxicated and takes injectable insulin -A 72-year-old female with a long-standing history of diabetes mellitus who is unconscious and has snoring respirations

A 58-year-old male who is acting intoxicated and takes injectable insulin

Which of the following patients would be considered a high priority? -A 28-year-old female in labor with contractions six minutes apart and no signs of complications or imminent childbirth -A 69-year-old female who appears confused but responds to commands -A 35-year-old male with moderate traumatic pain from a leg injury -A 62-year-old female with severe chest pain

A 62-year-old female with severe chest pain

Which of the following patients is most likely to suffer from hypothermia? -A 50-year-old female who is swimming actively in 72 °F (22.2 °C) water -A 10-year-old male who is swimming actively in 72 °F (22.2 °C) water -A 26-year-old female who is living in an unheated house in 38 °F (3.3 °C) weather -A 74-year-old male who is living in an unheated house in 38 °F (3.3 °C) weather

A 74-year-old male who is living in an unheated house in 38 °F (3.3 °C) weather

Which of the following is a possible sign of abuse in a pediatric patient? -A child not seeking comfort from their caregiver -A school-age child with fatigue who clings to their caregiver -A toddler with knee abrasions -A toddler with elbow bruises

A child not seeking comfort from their caregiver

Which of the following patients would not be considered a high priority? -An unconscious 29-year-old who was thrown from a horse -A conscious and alert 18-year-old with lower extremity contusions and epistaxis after a bicycle accident -A responsive 24-year-old unrestrained driver of a vehicle who is unable to follow commands -A 30-year-old who was ejected from a car during a high-speed collision with a suspected cervical spine injury

A conscious and alert 18-year-old with lower extremity contusions and epistaxis after a bicycle accident

Which of the following statements regarding a patient's right to refuse treatment is correct? -A DNR cannot expire or be revoked -A healthcare power of attorney gives EMS orders to administer medications -A conscious, alert adult with the capacity to make decisions may refuse treatment and/or transport -A minor who understands the consequences involved may refuse treatment and/or transport

A conscious, alert adult with the capacity to make decisions may refuse treatment and/or transport

Which of the following physical findings would be most indicative of a patient with suspected pneumothorax? -A decrease in breath sounds -Tracheal deviation away from the affected side -Paradoxical chest wall movements -Wet, crackling breath sounds within the lungs

A decrease in breath sounds

In which of the following situations should patient care be rendered under the criteria of implied consent? -A disoriented 76-year-old patient with no friends or family members present -An alert, responsive 47-year-old patient who is complaining of chest pain and called 911 himself -An alert, responsive 5-year-old patient with a broken arm who gives permission for treatment -An alert, responsive 18-year-old patient in a postictal state who is refusing transport

A disoriented 76-year-old patient with no friends or family members present

What is the preferred method for defibrillation of an infant? -An adult-sized Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) -A dose-attenuating system -A manual defibrillator -Pediatric-sized pads

A manuel defibrillator

Which of the following is an example of a special reporting situation? -A patient reluctant to receive treatment -An error in documentation -A mass-casualty incident -Witnessing a crime while off duty

A mass-casualty incident

Which of the following statements is not correct about nitroglycerin? -A patient's systolic blood pressure must be greater than 100 mm Hg to receive nitroglycerin. -A maximum of two doses can be given. -Nitroglycerin may be given as a tablet, spray, or skin patch. -Nitroglycerin tablets should be administered under the tongue.

A maximum of two doses can be given.

Which of the following can be treated with a traction splint? -A tibia/fibula fracture -An ankle fracture -A pelvic fracture -A mid-femoral fracture

A mid-femoral fracture

Which of the following statements is false in regard to oxygen administration through a nasal cannula? -Nasal cannulas may be used if a patient is unable to tolerate a non-rebreather mask. -A nasal cannula is the preferred method of oxygen delivery in a prehospital setting. -The recommended supplementation oxygen flow rate is one to six liters per minute. -A nasal cannula delivers approximately 24% to 44% oxygen.

A nasal cannula is the preferred method of oxygen delivery in a prehospital setting.

A 21-year-old intoxicated male requires ventilatory assistance. He has a clenched jaw and is somewhat combative. Which of the following airway adjuncts would be appropriate to assist in the opening of his airway? -An oropharyngeal airway -A King LTD airway -A nasopharyngeal airway -A laryngeal mask airway

A nasopharyngeal airway

What is the ideal position in which to place a child's head for the delivery of adequate ventilation? -Flexed forward -Hyperextended -A neutral sniffing positon -Sideways

A neutral sniffing position

An adult patient has shallow spontaneous breathing at 18 breaths per minute. Medical direction orders the delivery of at least 90% oxygen to the patient. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of oxygen delivery in this case? -A nasal cannula and supplemental oxygen flowing at six liters per minute -A non-rebreather mask with a reservoir bag and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute -A simple face mask and supplemental oxygen flowing at 12 liters per minute -A bag-valve mask with reservoir bag and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

A non-rebreather mask with a reservoir bag and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

Which of the following findings would be the best indication that a patient has good oxygen perfusion? -A normal level of consciousness and good skin color -Pink skin and dry mucous membranes -Pulse oximetry of 94% -Lack of dyspnea

A normal level of consciousness and good skin color

Which of the following is true regarding the use of a pocket mask to ventilate an adult patient who is not breathing? -Oxygen levels of 100% may be achieved. -There is direct contact between the rescuer and the patient's mouth. -Supplemental oxygen cannot be connected to the barrier device. -A one-way valve prevents the backflow of secretions, vomitus, and gases.

A one-way valve prevents the backflow of secretions, vomitus, and gases.

During the initial assessment of a semiconscious patient's airway, snoring respirations are heard. What do these respirations indicate? -Mucus or secretions in the larger airway -Constricted bronchi -Fluid in the upper airway -A partially obstructed airway

A partially obstructed airway

In which of the following scenarios is an automated external defibrillator (AED) indicated? -A patient who is unresponsive and apneic when you have difficulty palpating a pulse -A patient who is unresponsive with tachypnea and tachycardia -All of these patients should have an AED applied -A patient who is unresponsive, breathing adequately, and bradycardic

A patient who is unresponsive and apneic when you have difficulty palpating a pulse

Which of the following would not be considered a high-priority patient? -A patient with an avulsion of the left lower leg -A patient with a cervical spinal injury -A patient with an obstructed airway -A patient with uncontrolled venous hemorrhage

A patient with an avulsion of the left lower leg

In general, which of the following is not a situation in which high-flow oxygen should be provided? -A patient complaining of dyspnea -A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and an oxygen saturation of 95% -A patient showing signs and symptoms of heart failure -A patient showing signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and an oxygen saturation of 95%

A nasopharyngeal airway is contraindicated in which of the following situations? -A conscious adult without a gag reflex -A conscious eight-year-old who cannot maintain an airway effectively -A patient who has an active gag reflex -A patient with ecchymosis behind one ear

A patient with ecchymosis behind one ear

Which of the following patients should not be treated with CPAP? -A patient with an SpO2 of 84% -A patient in respiratory distress -A patient with facial trauma -A patient with pulmonary edema

A patient with facial trauma

A nasal cannula is an appropriate oxygenation method for which of the following patients? -An unresponsive patient with unobtainable pulse oximetry -A patient with mild respiratory distress and adequate pulse oximetry who cannot tolerate devices over their mouth -A COPD patient with 89% pulse oximetry reading -A geriatric patient who is confused and feeling short of breath

A patient with mild respiratory distress and adequate pulse oximetry who cannot tolerate devices over their mouth

Sterilization is defined as which of the following? -A process that eliminates all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial forms -A process that reduces the level of microbial contamination so that infection transmission is eliminated -A process that removes all microbial contamination -The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, and other visible contaminants

A process that removes all microbial contamination

Which set of adult vital signs suggests early hypothermia? -A pulse of 96 beats per minute, rapid/shallow respirations at 28 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 116/72 mm Hg, and skin that is cool and flushed -A pulse of 60 beats per minute, respirations of 22 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 145/90 mm Hg, and skin that is red, hot, and dry -A pulse of 76 beats per minute, respirations of 18 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 122/82 mm Hg, and skin that is warm, pink, and dry -A pulse of 58 beats per minute, shallow respirations at 10 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 94/62 mm Hg, and skin that is cyanotic

A pulse of 96 beats per minute, rapid/shallow respirations at 28 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 116/72 mm Hg, and skin that is cool and flushed

For which of the following patients is an emergency move appropriate? -A pulseless 54-year-old male slumped over a table -An unresponsive 45-year-old female supine on the ground -A semiconscious 64-year-old female lying face-up in bed, exhibiting early signs of shock -A conscious 36-year-old female showing signs of inadequate breathing

A pulseless 54-year-old male slumped over a table

Which of the following situations is most likely to result in a whiplash injury? -A frontal-impact motor vehicle crash -A rollover motor vehicle crash -A lateral-impact motor vehicle crash -A rear-end-impact motor vehicle crash

A rear-end-impact motor vehicle crash

Which of the following patients would be considered a high priority? -A responsive 20-year-old male who had blunt trauma, shows no obvious external injuries, and has tachypnea and tachycardia. -A responsive 30-year-old female who has sustained a possible radial fracture of her left arm with good distal pulses, good sensation, and decreased movement -A responsive 34-year-old male who complains of ankle pain but has no obvious deformity -A responsive but intoxicated 25-year-old male who sustained abrasions and a broken tooth after tripping and falling

A responsive 20-year-old male who had blunt trauma, shows no obvious external injuries, and has tachypnea and tachycardia.

Which of the following scenarios would be labeled as the lowest priority in a mass-casualty incident (MCI)? -A responsive 42-year-old female with signs of internal bleeding from a pelvic injury -An unresponsive 24-year-old female with moderate burns to the face, with respiratory involvement -A responsive 76-year-old female with multiple arm fractures without severe bleeding -An unresponsive 48-year-old male with a compromised airway

A responsive 76-year-old female with multiple arm fractures without severe bleeding

The Heimlich maneuver is indicated for which of the following patients? -A responsive 20-year-old with stridor due to a foreign body obstruction -An unresponsive infant with a potential airway obstruction -A responsive four-year-old who has a foreign body and is unable to speak as a result -An unresponsive 35-year-old with a severe airway obstruction

A responsive four-year-old who has a foregin body and is unable to speak as a result

Which of the following cases would require the highest priority in a mass-casualty incident (MCI)? -A semiconscious patient with a suspected broken tibia -A responsive patient with unequal breath sounds and a respiration rate of 36 breaths per minute, secondary to a suspected open pneumothorax -An unresponsive patient in cardiac arrest -A responsive patient with a suspected spinal injury

A responsive patient with unequal breath sounds and a respiration rate of 36 breaths per minute, secondary to a suspected open pneumothorax

During a mass-casualty incident, which of the following patients would be tagged "immediate" according to START triage guidelines? -An alert patient with a tibial fracture and no severe bleeding -A patient who is unresponsive, pulseless, and not breathing -A semiconscious patient with an open head injury -A patient who is alert, oriented, and complaining of abdominal pain

A semiconscious patient with an open injury

Your patient is a 58-year-old female complaining of indigestion and overall fatigue. You are considering the possibility that your patient might be experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). What is an AMI without chest pain called? -A non-existent MI -An abnormal MI -A hidden MI -A silent MI

A silent MI

Which of the following would have rights to otherwise confidential information without expressed patient consent? -A close relative, such as a son or daughter -The patient's employer -A third-party billing representative -The patient's legal spouse

A third-party billing representative

Which of the following best describes the epiglottis? -A valve that is the narrowest portion of an adult's airway -A valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering -A valve that allows air to pass into the esophagus but prevents food and liquid from entering -A valve where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins

A valve the allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering

You arrive on the scene of a motorcycle accident where the motorcyclist hit a tree. The patient is lying approximately 20 feet from his motorcycle with an altered level of consciousness. Which acronym do you use to measure a patient's responsiveness? -AEIOU-TIPS -DCAP-BTLS -AVPU -SAMPLE

AVPU

An alert and stable male patient is brought to an emergency department. Upon arrival, all of the emergency staff are busy. The patient is left in an empty exam room; the patient agrees to this, stating he will be fine alone until the staff is free to attend to him. The report is left in the room with the patient. Which of the following has occurred? -Abandonment -Acceptable standard of care -Breach of duty to act -Negligence

Abandonment

An adult patient has been in cardiac arrest for several minutes without any response to resuscitation. Medical direction advises continuing basic life support procedures during the 15-minute transport to the hospital. Resuscitation is discontinued as the patient will likely die anyway, despite medical direction's advisement. No do-not-resuscitate order or advance directive is present. What two answers have occurred? -abandonment and implied consent -Nothing, as resuscitation cessation is determined by on-scene EMS, not medical control -Abandonment and negligence -Assault and battery

Abandonment and negligence

Which of the following is not a sign of increased work of breathing in a pediatric patient? -Nasal flaring -Tachypnea -Head bobbing -Abdominal breathing

Abdominal breathing

Which of the following is considered a symptom? -Jaundice -Pinpoint pupils -Blood pressure of 90/58 mm Hg -Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain

A four-year-old child is choking and has a complete foreign body airway obstruction. Which of the following would be the most effective removal method? -Abdominal thrusts -Chest compressions -Encouraging forceful coughing -Back blows

Abdominal thrusts

Which anatomical landmark(s) may be involved when performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious child with an airway obstruction? -Above the umbilicus and below the lower tip of the sternum -Along the body of the sternum -Below the cricoid cartilage and above the upper tip of the sternum -Approximately at the level of the umbilicus

Above the umbilicus and below the lower tip of the sternum

When performing the Heimlich maneuver on an adult, where should you deliver the inward and upward thrusts? -Above the umbilicus and below the xiphoid process -Between the shoulder blades -Just below the xiphoid process -On the sternum

Above the umbilivus and below the xiphoid process

You receive a call for a 29-year-old female with vaginal hemorrhaging. Upon your arrival, the patient states she is 38 weeks pregnant and had a sudden onset of vaginal bleeding accompanied by lower back and stomach pain. What is the name of the serious condition where the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall? -Eclampsia -Abruptio placenta -Placenta previa -Miscarriage

Abruptio placenta

Which of the following statements is true regarding the pathophysiology of abruptio placentae? -Pain is commonly mild or absent, -Abruptio placentae is the result of the uterus compressing the inferior vena cava. -Abruptio placentae may result in shock. -Abruptio placentae is the development of the placenta over the vaginal opening.

Abruptio placentae may result in shock

A 14-year-old male was playing baseball and began complaining of left knee pain. Which of the following signs and symptoms would be unexpected with a dislocation? -Marked deformity -Absence of pain -Numbness or impaired circulation distal to the affected area -Tenderness on palpation

Absence of pain

Which of the following findings has the least level of suspicion for a fracture? -Shortened extremity -Crepitus -Absent peripheral pulses -Deformity -False motion

Absent peripheral pulses

A 56-year-old obese male reports left-sided chest pain that started when he was walking his dog. The patient describes the pain as "pressure" that has persisted for over an hour. He is short of breath and feels like he's sweating more than usual. The patient explains these episodes have happened before and usually improve with rest. He smoked 1.5 packs of cigarettes per day for 25 years but quit two months ago. He denies drug or alcohol use. A physical exam shows a pulse of 110 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 188/96. What is the most likely diagnosis? -Aortic dissection -Pulmonary embolism -Acute coronary syndrome -Esophageal rupture

Acute coronary syndrome

Which of the following is not part of the minimum information collected by dispatch for an emergency request? -Any potential hazards -Additional information reference to call history at the location -Show Explanation -The nature of the call -The age of the patient -Is the patient conscious and breathing

Additional information reference to call history at the location

Which of the following is the best indication that an adult patient is being adequately ventilated? -Clear lung sounds -Adequate chest rise and fall during ventilations -Increased heart rate -Pulse oximetry

Adequate chest rise and fall during ventilations

A five-year-old female patient swallowed a marble. She is conscious, but air exchange cannot be heard, and air is not felt coming from her mouth. What is the most appropriate next step? -Administer abdominal thrusts -Provide oxygen by pediatric non-rebreather mask -Perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver -Immediately begin chest compressions

Administer abdominal thrusts

A 67-year-old female complains of chest pain. Her skin is cool to the touch and clammy. She states her chest feels very tight during inhalation. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Assist the patient in applying her husband's nitroglycerin paste to her chest -Administer high-flow oxygen -Place an automated external defibrillator, as the patient is likely to become pulseless -Ask about past medical history to determine the likelihood of a true cardiac event

Administer high-flow exygen

A 76-year-old male complains of chest pain. He has a pulse of 68 beats per minute, blood pressure of 124/86 mm Hg, and respirations of 22 breaths per minute. Nitroglycerin is administered. His blood pressure changes to 93/56 mm Hg, and his pain persists. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Administer high-flow oxygen and a repeated dose of nitroglycerin and transport -Administer high-flow oxygen and 324 mg aspirin (chewed), place the patient in a position of comfort, and transport -Administer a repeated dose of nitroglycerin -Administer 162 mg of aspirin (chewed) and place the patient in a position of comfort until his blood pressure increases

Administer high-flow oxygen and 324 mg aspirin (chewed), place the patient in a position of comfort, and transport

A 26-year-old male was involved in a physical altercation with another adult male. Law enforcement advises that the scene is now safe to enter. Upon examination, the patient has an obvious stab wound to his chest that is causing severe pain and distress. A six-inch blade was found by law enforcement at the scene. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Provide assisted ventilation via a bag-valve mask and cover the wound with an occlusive dressing -Administer high-flow oxygen and cover the wound with an occlusive dressing -Administer high-flow oxygen and leave the wound open for air to escape from the chest cavity -Provide assisted ventilation via a bag-valve mask and cover the wound with a sterile dressing

Administer high-flow oxygen and cover the wound with an occlusive dressing

An adult male has a partially obstructed airway. Bystanders state he is choking on pizza. The patient is slightly cyanotic around the mouth, nose, and nailbeds. Decreased breath sounds and stridor are noted. He is still managing to move air and cough. The obstruction is not visualized. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Perform chest compressions -Perform a blind finger sweep to clear the obstruction -Administer high-flow oxygen and rapidly transport -Wait until the patient can cough out the obstruction

Administer high-flow oxygen and rapidly transport

A 66-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing an emphysema exacerbation. They are in obvious distress, with rapid and shallow breathing, with an oxygen saturation of 81% on room air. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate at this point? -Administer low-flow oxygen via nasal cannula -Administer a metered-dose inhaler -Administer a nebulizer treatment -Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask

Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask

A 35-year-old female was recently diagnosed with diabetes. Bystanders stated that her blood sugar was 60 mg/dL approximately ten minutes ago. The patient complains of lightheadedness but denies any other symptoms. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Administer oxygen -Administer oral glucose -Do nothing since the blood glucose level is appropriate -Continue to monitor the blood glucose value

Administer oral glucose

A 30-year-old hypoglycemic diabetic patient is conscious but somewhat confused about person, place, and time. Which of the following would be most appropriate for treatment? -Administer oral glucose, as long as the patient has an intact gag reflex -Place the patient on high-flow oxygen and transport to the hospital -Place the patient in the left lateral recumbent position and request an ALS unit -Help the patient administer insulin to help correct the imbalance

Administer oral glucose, as long as the patient has an intact gag reflex

A 14-year-old male complains of lower abdominal pain. His blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg, his pulse is 130 beats per minute, his respirations are 28 breaths per minute, and his temperature is 104.8°F (40.4°C). The pain is located in the right lower quadrant. The patient has recent contacts with gastroenteritis. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? -Do not transport, as gastroenteritis is not life-threatening -Recommend acetaminophen for fever and reassess in 15 minutes -Recommend acetaminophen for fever and ask the parents to follow up with the patient's pediatrician -Administer oxygen and transport

Administer oxygen and transport

A 45-year-old male complains of chest pain. He has a heart condition and took a nitroglycerin tablet about 10 minutes ago; the tablet provided minor relief. After an assessment of his vital signs, which of the following is the appropriate order of interventions? -Give the patient 81 mg of aspirin, contact medical control, administer oxygen at 15 liters per minute, and perform a thrombolytic screen -Administer oxygen as needed to maintain oxygen saturation between 95% and 99%, contact medical control, and request permission to assist the patient in taking another nitroglycerin if his systolic blood pressure is above 100 mm Hg -Have the patient lie on the stretcher to determine cardiac relation to the pain, contact medical control for permission to assist the patient in taking more nitroglycerin if his systolic blood pressure is above 100 mm Hg, and apply oxygen at 6 liters per minute. -Since the patient received some relief, instruct him to continue to take nitroglycerin and then call 911 again if the pain returns, have him sign a refusal, and return to service

Administer oxygen as needed to maintain oxygen saturation between 95% and 99%, contact medical control, and request permission to assist the patient in taking another nitroglycerin if his systolic blood pressure is above 100 mm Hg

A 58-year-old female is complaining of 10/10 chest pain and has a history of heart disease. She is assisted with the administration of nitroglycerin. After five minutes, her blood pressure is 94/66 mm Hg, and she is still experiencing chest pain (8/10). Medical direction has previously allowed for the administration of up to three doses of nitroglycerin for this patient. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Place the patient in a supine position to improve blood pressure -Administer oxygen to keep SpO2 at 95-99% and transport -Repeat measuring blood pressure in five minutes, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport -Assist in the administration of nitroglycerin

Administer oxygen to keep SpO2 at 95-99% and transport

A 52-year-old female patient complains of chest discomfort. She is placed in a comfortable position but appears restless and anxious. The patient's respiratory rate is 28, and her pulse oximetry is 89%. What is the most appropriate next step? -Administer oxygen with a non-rebreather mask at 6 liters per minute -Ventilate the patient using a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen at 15 liters per minute -Administer oxygen with a nasal cannula at 15 liters per minute -Administer oxygen with a non-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute

Administer oxygen with a non-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute

A 40-year-old male complains of substernal chest pain that began while at rest. He has a cardiac history and is prescribed nitroglycerin but had not taken any prior to EMS arrival. His vital signs are within normal limits, and his skin is warm and dry. Which of the following would be the most appropriate treatment at this time? -Oxygen via nasal cannula -Obtaining and interpreting a 12-lead ECG -Oxygen via NRB mask -Administration of nitroglycerin

Administration of nitroglycerin

Which of the following is not part of the chain of survival? -Administration of nitroglycerin -ALS and post-arrest care -Rapid defibrillation -Recognition/activation of EMS

Administration of nitroglycerin

A 20-year-old female complains of rapid-onset abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. The management of a patient experiencing acute abdominal pain should include which of the following? -Supine placement to minimize nausea and vomiting during transport -Administration of small sips of water to prevent dehydration and combat nausea and vomiting -Administration of supplemental oxygen if needed and left-sided placement of the patient -Auscultation of the bowel sounds throughout the epigastric area

Administration of supplemental oxygen if needed and left-sided placement of the patient

Which of the following statements about the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) is correct? -An automated external defibrillator (AED) is contraindicated in patients under 18 years old. -Adult automated external defibrillator (AED) pads can be used on pediatric patients if pediatric pads are not available. -An automated external defibrillator (AED) is contraindicated in children weighing under 90 pounds. -An automated external defibrillator (AED) is contraindicated in patients under one year of age.

Adult automated external defibrillator (AED) pads can be used on pediatric patients if pediatric pads are not available.

Which of the following individuals has training in specific aspects of advanced life support, such as intravenous therapy and the administration of certain emergency medications? -Emergency medical responder -Emergency medical technician -Paramedic -Advanced emergency medical technician

Advanced emergency medical technician

An elderly female is in respiratory distress. Gasping for breath, the patient attempts to explain the history of her respiratory problems, beginning in her youth. What is the appropriate response? -Advise the patient to focus on her current complaint -Continue with the assessment, ignoring the patient's talking -Advise the patient to write down everything to conserve oxygen -Document everything the patient states in detail

Advise the patient to focus on her current complaint

How often should the ambulance be cleaned? -Whenever the ambulance is exposed to blood or body fluids -Weekly -At the beginning of each shift -After each run and daily

After each run and daily

Which of the following is not a common time to contact dispatch? -After each treatment/intervention -Upon arrival at a receiving hospital -When directional assistance is needed -Upon arrival to a call

After each treatment/intervention

During CPR and defibrillation of an adult patient, which of the following is an appropriate time to check for a pulse? -After five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR is completed -Just before a shock is given -Upon arrival at a hospital -After a shock is given

After five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR is completed

Your EMS unit is dispatched to a shooting and are advised by dispatch to stage (wait to enter) until the scene is safe. When can your unit enter the crime scene? -After a neighbor reports the scene is safe to enter -After dispatch is told by the 911 caller that the scene is safe to enter -After law enforcement secures the scene and deems it is safe to enter -EMS personnel can never enter a crime scene

After law enforcement secures the scene and deems it is safe to enter

An active shooter incident is occurring. When would it be appropriate to begin triaging potential victims? -As soon as patients are located within the cold zone -As soon as patients are located within the warm zone -When dispatch advises the scene is safe -After law enforcement states the scene is safe

After law enforcement states the scene is safe

An armed robbery has just occurred at a local store. Police are on the scene. Through a large front window of the store, several injured people are visible. At what time is it appropriate to enter the scene? -After police officers state the scene is safe -After the patients state the threat is gone -After dispatch states the scene is safe -After EMS personnel report via the radio that the scene is safe

After police officers state the scene is safe

A new mother has delivered her baby. When is it appropriate to cut the umbilical cord? -Immediately after the baby is delivered -After the cord stops pulsating -Prior to the baby's delivery -Immediately after the placenta is delivered

After the cord stops pulsating

Which of the following is true regarding suctioning for children? -Aggressive suctioning can cause vagal stimulation -A tonsil-tip (Yankauer tip) catheter should be used when suctioning of the nose is required -The tip of the catheter may be inserted into the mouth until resistance is met -A French (whistle-tip) catheter should be used to suction infants and children

Aggressive suctioning can cause vagal stimulation

Which of the following is an early sign of respiratory distress in a pediatric patient? -Bradypnea -Hypertension -Cyanosis -Agitation

Agitation

Which of the following is the most immediate, life-threatening concern for a patient with a penetrating neck injury? -Subcutaneous emphysema -Air embolism -Cervical spinal injury -Tracheal deviation

Air embolism

In what way is tuberculosis typically transmitted? -Contact -Airborne -Vector-borne -Blood-borne

Airborne

Which of the following is a potential complication specific to burns of the airway and not most other external burns? -Hemorrhaging -Infection -Airway inflammation -Compartment syndrome

Airway inflammation

An adult patient is in cardiac arrest. Which of the following is not a general guideline indicating the need for transport if ALS is not available? -If six to nine shocks have been delivered, transport is required. -If an automated external defibrillator (AED) gives three consecutive "no shock advised" messages, transport is required. -All cardiac arrest patients require immediate transport. -If the patient regains a pulse, transport is required.

All cardiac arrest patients require immediate transport.

A nasal cannula is not appropriate in which of the following scenarios? -A 55-year-old arthritis patient with respirations of 20 breaths per minute who complains of chest pain and cannot tolerate anything over the mouth or nose -A semi-conscious 45-year-old COPD patient with dyspnea who is on long-term home-oxygen therapy -All of these -A 34-year-old patient who is hypoxenic due to pulmonary edema

All of these

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of angina pectoris? -Dyspnea -Chest pain -Diaphoresis -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a contraindication for aspirin administration in a prehospital setting? -All of these -Asthma -Bleeding disorders -Liver damage

All of these

Which of the following may cause an inaccurate pulse oximetry reading? -Carbon monoxide poisoning -Dark/metallic nail polish -All of these -Exposure to cold temperatures (e.g., hypothermia)

All of these

EMS personnel should advise against which of the following for a survivor of sexual assault? -Using the bathroom -Bathing -All of these should be advised against -Rinsing the mouth

All of these should be advised against

An 11-year-old patient complains of chest tightness and itchy, red skin. They have rapid, labored breathing and a rapid heart rate. Which of the following conditions is most likely? -Smoke inhalation -Allergic reaction -Toxic ingestion -Sepsis

Allergic reaction

Which of the following conditions is not a common cause of an altered mental status? -Allergic reaction -Hypoglycemia -Traumatic brain injury -Hypoxia

Allergic reaction

An 18-year-old patient has a severely angulated closed fracture to the right humerus. Which of the following is not an appropriate step in this patient's treatment? -Splint the fracture in the deformed position if significant pain is elicited with traction -Splint the arm with a sling and swathe -Allow the arm to hang -Attempt application of traction

Allow the arm to hang

Which of the following is not appropriate after labor has begun? -Administer oxygen if indicated -Allow the patient to use the bathroom if needed -Contact medical direction for guidance -Ensure the legs are not held together

Allow the patient to use the bathroom if needed

A 9-year-old boy had a single, brief seizure at home and is now postictal. The patient's mother reports that he had a seizure once before, but it was different than this episode. Which of the following is not a critical step to achieving the best patient outcome? -Patient position -Clearing the airway of secretions -Allowing the patient to regain consciousness before assessment -Preventing aspirations

Allowing the patient to regain consciousness before assessment

Which of the following suggests a subdural hematoma? -Unexplained palpitations -Altered mental status -Sudden loss of consciousness -Difficulty breathing

Altered mental status

Which of the following is the most likely cause of dilated pupils in an adult patient? -Diazepam use -Secobarbital use -Amphetamine use -Methadone use

Amphetamine use

Which of the following patients is most likely experiencing cardiac compromise? -A 43-year-old female with wheezing, hives, and throat tightness -An 89-year-old female who had a syncopal episode and has a weak, rapid pulse -A 63-year-old female with a headache and dizziness -A 79-year-old female with difficulty breathing, a high fever, and a rapid pulse

An 89-year-old female who had a syncopal episode and has a weak, rapid pulse

Which of the following situations represents abandonment? -An EMT refuses to help a patient administer nitroglycerin that has been prescribed to the patient's wife. -An EMT begins treating a patient but turns over responsibility for that patient to a first responder. -An EMT begins CPR on a cardiac arrest patient but turns over responsibility to ALS arriving on the scene. -With the approval of medical direction, an EMT does not transport a patient who declines transport after having a seizure.

An EMT begins treating a patient but turns over responsibility for that patient to a first responder.

Which of the following is not a supraglottic airway device? -A King laryngotracheal airway device -An Endotracheal (ET) tube -A Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) device -An i-gel airway device

An Endotracheal (ET) tube

In which of the following medical cases is a non-rebreather mask an appropriate method of delivering oxygen? -An adult patient breathing at a rate of 6 breaths per minute with retractions and an oxygen saturation level of 88% -An adult patient breathing at a rate of 15 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation level of 94% who cannot tolerate anything over the face -An adult patient breathing at a rate of 32 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation level of 94% and cool, clammy skin -An adult patient breathing at a rate of 15 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation level of 90%

An adult patient breathing at a rate of 15 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation level of 90%

Following a motor vehicle collision, which of the following patients should be transported to the hospital first? -An elderly patient with bilateral lower extremity fractures -An adolescent who has a potential spinal cord injury with lower extremity paralysis -An adult with a suspected tension pneumothorax -A child with a seat belt abrasion across the chest

An adult with a suspected tension pneumothorax

In which of the following situations would the administration of albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) be the most beneficial? -An unresponsive 52-year-old female with a history of severe asthma, respirations of 28 breaths per minute, and wheezing -An alert 16-year-old female with a history of asthma who has respirations of 24 breaths per minute and is wheezing -An alert 64-year-old male with a history of emphysema who complains of difficulty breathing and has an inhaler that was prescribed for his son -An alert 6-year-old male with an active upper-respiratory infection who has respirations of 24 breaths per minute but no respiratory complaints

An alert 16-year-old female with a history of asthma who has respirations of 24 breaths per minute and is wheezing

Which of the following is a soft tissue injury that may be completely detached or hang as a flap? -An avulsion injury -An amputation injury -A subluxation injury -An evisceration injury

An avulsion injury

Which of the following situations represents abandonment? -An emergency medical technician initiates CPR on a patient and then asks an untrained bystander to continue while they assess another patient. -An alert, competent adult patient refuses treatment and signs appropriate documentation after risks, benefits and alternatives are discussed. -EMS transports a patient to the hospital and leaves the patient in the care of the emergency department staff. -An emergency medical technician leaves a patient during a fire when the scene becomes unsafe.

An emergency medical technician initiates CPR on a patient and then asks an untrained bystander to continue while they assess another patient.

Which of the following is the best definition of an incident commander (IC)? -An individual responsible for relaying information, concerns, and requests between responding agencies -An individual responsible for all incident activities, including the development of strategies and tactics and the ordering and release of resources -An individual who helps obtain and store adequate supplies during an incident -An individual who determines necessary resources for an extrication situation or special rescue

An individual responsible for all incident activities, including the development of strategies and tactics and the ordering and release of resources

Which of the following defines a medical director? -An individual responsible for locating and setting up a treatment area in a mass-casualty incident -An individual who authorizes or delegates to an EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field -An individual who audits all EMS patient care reports for an agency. -An individual who creates protocols and scope of practice

An individual who authorizes or delegates to an EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field

In which of the following situations would the use of an oropharyngeal airway be warranted? -An unconscious patient with a closed-head injury without a gag reflex and clear fluid draining from the nose and ears -An unconscious patient with an active gag reflex -A semiconscious diabetic who has copious secretions -A stroke patient who is semiconscious and having problems breathing

An unconscious patient with a closed-head injury without a gag reflex and clear fluid draining from the nose and ears

Which of the following is true regarding recording and reporting? -Records are only used to ensure continuity of patient care. -An undocumented action or procedure cannot be proven to have occurred. -Potentially committed crimes can be ignored as long as patient care is being provided. -Suspicions of child abuse do not need to be reported unless obvious signs exist.

An undocumented action or procedure cannot be proven to have occurred.

Which of the following scenarios would require the lowest priority in a Mass-Casualty Incident (MCI)? -An unresponsive 12-year-old patient with unequal breath sounds in respiratory distress -An unresponsive 64-year-old patient in cardiac arrest with agonal respirations -A responsive 22-year-old patient with partial and full thickness burns to the entirety of both legs -A responsive 32-year-old patient exhibiting signs of compensated shock

An unresponsive 64-year-old patient in cardiac arrest with agonal respirations

A 30-year-old female was found in a city park and is having trouble breathing. She complains of steadily increasing shortness of breath and urticaria and feels as if her throat or tongue is swelling. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her signs and symptoms? -Heat exhaustion -Anaphylactic shock -Asthma -Syncope

Anaphylactic shock

An adult patient is experiencing a "feeling of impending doom." Upon examination, pruritis and hypotension are noted. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms? -Pneumonia -Anaphylaxis -Asthma -Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Anaphylaxis

Which of the following conditions does not cause cyanosis? -Chronic bronchitis -Hypoxia -Anemia -Hypothermia

Anemia

A 50-year-old male is experiencing substernal chest pain. He reports that his pain began while mowing the yard. After rest, the pain subsided without further intervention. The incident was approximately 15 minutes ago. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his chest pain? -Pulmonary embolism -Angina pectoris -Pulled muscles in the chest -Myocardial infarction

Angina pectoris

How can angina pectoris be distinguished from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a prehospital setting? -A patient with AMI will have more pain. -Angina pectoris and AMI are indistinguishable in a prehospital setting. -Angina pectoris will not reveal changes on an electrocardiogram. -Chest pain from angina pectoris will respond to nitroglycerin, while chest pain from an AMI will not.

Angina pectoris and AMI are indistinguishable in a prehospital setting.

A 59-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complains of difficulty breathing that wakes him at night. His skin is hot, and pedal edema is noted. On auscultation, rales can be heard throughout his lungs. Which of the following conditions is a possible cause of this patient's dyspnea? -Any of these -Pneumonia -Emphysema -Congestive heart failure

Any of these

Which of the following structures is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart? -Pulmonary artery -Superior vena cava -Aorta -Inferior vena cava

Aorta

Which of the following findings is most likely for a patient with a core body temperature below 80°F (26.7°C)? -Rapid breathing -Apnea -Confusion and lethargy -Constricted blood vessels

Apnea

A construction worker has a thin piece of rebar impaled in his abdomen. He is conscious, alert, and complaining of right lower quadrant abdominal pain. A 10-inch piece of rounded metal is protruding from his abdomen. Which of the following should be initiated before moving the patient? -Removal of the rebar -Inspection of the depth of injury -Bleeding control around the wound with direct pressure and a pressure dressing -Application of a stabilizing bandage around the rebar

Application of a stabilizing bandage around the rebar

Which of the following is not useful in providing spinal motion restriction? -Maintenance of inline stabilization during any necessary movement or transfer -Application of a cervical collar -Application of a traction splint -Adequate security to a stretcher with minimal movement or transfer

Application of a traction splint

A patient is involved in a motor vehicle collision. They complain of neck pain. Inline spinal motion restriction is performed. During the rapid trauma assessment, after an assessment of the neck, what is the most appropriate next step? -Apply a cervical collar -Control minor external bleeding -Assess the head, looking and feeling for DCAP-BTLS -Assess the chest for DCAP-BTLS, paradoxical motion, crepitus, and abnormal breath sounds on auscultation

Apply a cervical collar

An unconscious 15-year-old female is being propped up in a sitting position by a bystander at a local pool after striking her head. The patient has a palpable pulse and is breathing. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Apply a cervical collar and provide spinal motion restriction on a long backboard prior to removing her from the pool -Initiate rescue breathing -Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions -Have the bystander assist in removing the patient from the pool

Apply a cervical collar and provide spinal motion restriction on a long backboard prior to removing her from the pool

When moving an adult patient with a suspected cervical spine injury from the ground to a long backboard, with four providers available, which of the following techniques is the most appropriate? -Sheet-drag the patient onto the board with natural inline stabilization provided by the sheet -Apply a cervical collar while maintaining incline stabilization and, under direction from the provider near the patient's head, log roll the patient to position the long backboard underneath -Maintain inline stabilization, apply a cervical collar, and slide the patient up the board, holding underneath their arms -Maintain inline stabilization, apply a cervical collar, and lift the patient under the direction of the provider at the patient's head, positioning the long backboard underneath

Apply a cervical collar while maintaining incline stabilization and, under direction from the provider near the patient's head, log roll the patient to position the long backboard underneath

A 24-year-old male has 36% partial-thickness burns. What is the most appropriate treatment? -Apply a dry, sterile dressing Show Explanation -Immerse the burn area in water -Leave the burn area exposed -Apply a wet, sterile dressing

Apply a dry, sterile dressing

A patient is bleeding profusely from a mid-thigh laceration. Direct pressure and pressure dressings have failed to stop the bleeding. Which of the following would be the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient? -Elevate the extremity -Apply a tourniquet above the injury -Apply a tourniquet in the axillary region -Apply a tourniquet directly on top of the wound

Apply a tourniquet above the injury

An adult patient is bleeding profusely from a puncture wound on the upper left leg, five inches below the groin. Bleeding is not well controlled with direct pressure and a pressure dressing over the wound. What is the next step? -Apply a tourniquet proximal to the area of injury Show Explanation -Continue direct pressure with a gloved hand and prepare for transport -Apply a tourniquet distal to the level of the injury -Elevate the affected leg and treat for shock

Apply a tourniquet proximal to the area of injury

An adult patient is bleeding profusely from a wound on their left forearm. Direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding. Which of the following should be attempted next to stop the hemorrhage? -Apply a pressure dressing proximal to the bleeding -Apply a tourniquet distal to the bleeding -Apply a second pressure dressing right on the wound -Apply a tourniquet proximal to the bleeding Show Explanation

Apply a tourniquet proximal to the bleeding

A 29-year-old female has severe bleeding from her forearm. Direct pressure with a pressure dressing has not controlled the bleeding. What is the most appropriate next step? -Apply a tourniquet distal to the injury -Apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury -Apply a tourniquet at the site of the wound -Elevate the extremity and apply a second pressure dressing

Apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury

An adult patient is bleeding profusely from a large laceration on the left lower thigh, just above the knee. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step? -Apply a tourniquet above the level of bleeding -Apply direct pressure to the wound -Apply a pressure dressing to the wound -Pack the wound with hemostatic gauze

Apply direct pressure to the wound

Which of the following is the most appropriate way to control external bleeding caused by damage to a large artery or vein? -Apply a pressure dressing -Elevate the extremity -Apply direct pressure to the wound -Apply a tourniquet above the level of bleeding

Apply direct pressure to the wound

A patient has an impaled object in their right thigh. Which of the following is not appropriate for impaled object injuries in the extremities? -Stabilization of the object -Control of bleeding around the object -Apply ice to help reduce swelling -Assessment for an exit wound

Apply ice to help reduce swelling

A patient suffered a possible head injury after a fall from a ladder. There is slight bleeding mixed with clear fluid from the ears and bleeding from the back of the skull. In-line spine stabilization and airway management and breathing are completed. Which of the following is not an appropriate treatment option? -Transport promptly -Anticipate vomiting -Apply pressure to the wound on the back of the skull -Continuously monitor level of consciousness

Apply pressure to the wound on the back of the skull

Which of the following is correct in regard to approaching a medical transport helicopter? -Enter between the two o'clock and four o'clock positions -Approach after the pilot signals it is clear to do so -Enter between the three o'clock and six o'clock positions -Approach after radio clearance to do so

Approach after the pilot signals it is clear to do so

An adult patient is unresponsive, with delayed capillary refill and signs of shock. You see a deep wound with bright red blood flowing intermittently from it. Which type of bleeding is likely? -Arterial -Capillary -Controlled -Venous

Arterial

How is the motor function of the lower extremities assessed in a conscious patient? -Ask the patient to flex their knees to 45o angle -Ask the patient to raise both legs to 40o angle -Ask the patient to wiggle their toes -Palpate the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis pulses

Ask the patient to wiggle their toes

A 21-year-old male marathon runner has sprained his right ankle. He is conscious, appears alert, and denies any other injury or illness. His skin is warm and dry with a pink, moist mucosa. The patient's pulse is 52 beats per minute, and his blood pressure is 116/65 mm Hg. He does not appear to be in acute distress. What is the most appropriate intervention in the management of this patient? -Administer oxygen with a nasal canula -Have the patient drink large amounts of water to rehydrate -Ask the patient what his normal pulse rate is -Apply a cervical collar and place him on a long spine board

Ask the patient what his normal pulse rate is

During a suspected myocardial infarction, which medical intervention inhibits platelet aggregation, thereby preventing clots from forming or enlarging and reducing the overall ischemic damage caused by the infarction? -Nitroglycerin -High-flow oxygen therapy -Diphenhydramine -Aspirin

Aspirin

As an uncooperative male patient is being transported to the hospital, he threatens to kill EMS personnel after he is released from the hospital. Which of the following has occurred? -Assault -Slander -Libel -Battery

Assault

A 16-year-old football player complains of right upper leg pain after being tackled. Upon examination, the knee is flexed and obviously deformed. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Apply a traction splint -Manually support and stabilize the leg -Place the patient on a long backboard -Assess and record the pulse, motor function, and sensation of the affected limb

Assess and record the pulse, motor function, and sensation of the affected limb

What is the main priority of care for a child who is having an active seizure? -Restrain the patient -Assess and treat ABCs -Place a bite stick in the patient's mouth to prevent tongue swallowing -Await the postictal state before performing any interventions

Assess and treat ABCs

A bystander is performing CPR on an adult patient in cardiac arrest. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step if you are the only responder at the time? -Cease compressions and determine whether a pulse is present -Allow bystander CPR to continue and perform a detailed physical examination -Attach an automated external defibrillator -Assess for adequate compressions before attaching the AED

Assess for adequate compressions before attaching the AED

Which of the following steps is not part of a rapid exam to assess life-threatening injuries? -Assess the chest by listening for equal, bilateral breath sounds -Assess the head while maintaining inline spinal stabilization -Assess the pelvis by gently compressing downward and inward, looking for tenderness or instability -Assess pupillary response

Assess pupillary response

During the primary assessment, what is assessed after a patient has been determined to be unresponsive with no life-threatening bleeding but a patent airway and adequate breathing? -Auscultate the lungs -Assess blood pressure -Palpate the entire head -Assess skin condition

Assess skin condition

A 29-year-old male fell off a two-story ladder. He is conscious, bleeding from a wound on his left forearm, and guarding his right thigh. After a scene size-up is completed and a general impression is formed, what is the most appropriate next step? -Insert an oropharyngeal airway -Assess the right thigh -Stop the bleeding by applying a tourniquet near the elbow -Assess the airway and stabilize the C-spine

Assess the airway and stabilize the C-spine

What is done first in a primary assessment? -Assess the circulation and identify and treat life-threatening issues -Assess the airway and identify and treat life-threatening issues -Assess the level of consciousness -Assess the breathing and identify and treat life-threatening issues

Assess the level of consciousness

Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) has been achieved in a previously pulseless apneic adult patient. What is the most appropriate next step? -Immediately transport the patient -Assess the patient's breathing -Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions -Reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm

Assess the patient's breathing

An apneic patient is receiving assisted ventilation. Which of the following is the best way to determine an adequate tidal volume? -Assess the time it takes to deliver the breath -Assess pulse oximetry -Assess the patient's chest for adequate chest rise and fall -Assess end-tidal readings

Assess the patient's chest for adequate chest rise and fall

Which of the following actions should be performed when securing a patient to a long backboard? -Assess the patient's pulse, motor function, and sensation in each extremity after securing them -Secure the head first -Secure the legs last -Secure the torso tightly

Assess the patient's pulse, motor function, and sensation in each extremity after securing them

After a suspected fracture is splinted, what is the appropriate next step? -Assess the patient's pulse, motor function, and sensation in the affected extremity -Elevate the extremity -Document the findings and treatment -Apply cold packs to the extremity

Assess the patient's pulse, motor function, and sensation in the affected extremity

What is the most appropriate treatment for a patient with respiratory failure? -Airway adjunct and non-rebreather mask -Nasal cannula -Assisted ventilation -Non-rebreather mask

Assisted ventilation

A 44-year-old male presents with labored shallow breathing at 30 breaths per minute, with an oxygenation saturation of 88% on room air. He is conscious, alert, extremely restless, and irritable. His skin is cool, clammy, and slightly cyanotic. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Breathing into a paper bag -Oxygen supplementation using a non-rebreather mask and oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute -Oxygen supplementation using a nasal cannula and oxygen flowing at 6 liters per minute -Assisted ventilation using a bag-valve mask with oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

Assisted ventilation using a bag-valve mask with oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

A 56-year-old female has respirations at a rate of 34 breaths per minute that are shallow and labored. She has an altered level of consciousness and is cool, cyanotic, and diaphoretic on physical examination. What is the most appropriate treatment? -Non-rebreather mask with supplemental oxygen flowing at a rate of 10 liters per minute -Assisted ventilation with a bag-valve mask and high-flow oxygen -Mouth-to-mask assisted ventilation with a one-way valve -Nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at a rate of 6 liters per minute

Assisted ventilation with a bag-valve mask and high-flow oxygen

A three-year-old girl is in severe respiratory distress. Her skin is cool and mottled. She is breathing spontaneously six to seven times per minute and is unresponsive to verbal or physical stimuli. She has a palpable pulse at a rate of 138 beats per minute. What is the most appropriate treatment? -Assist ventilation with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute -Begin chest compressions -Apply a non-rebreather mask with supplemental oxygen flowing at 10 liters per minute -Administer blind finger sweeps to attempt removal of the obstruction

Assisted ventilation with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

Which of the following statements is false regarding viral hepatitis? -Jaundice and right upper quadrant pain often occur several weeks after infection. -Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus. -Asymptomatic patients with hepatitis C cannot transmit the virus. -Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B.

Asymptomatic patients with hepatitis C cannot transmit the virus.

Where should automated external defibrillator (AED) pads be placed on a patient with a pacemaker? -At least one inch away from the device -As a last resort since AED use is contraindicated in patients with pacemakers -As instructed by medical direction -With one pad directly over the pacemaker

At least one inch away from the device

How often should an automated external defibrillator (AED) be checked? -At least once per week -As often as the manufacturer recommends -Every day -At the start of each shift

At the start of each shift

Which of the following is associated with increased intracranial pressure? -Wheezing -Kussmaul respirations -Ataxic respirations -Stridor

Ataxic respirations

Which of the following is not considered part of acute coronary syndrome? -Unstable angina pectoris -Atherosclerosis -Stable angina pectoris -Acute myocardial infarction

Atherosclerosis

A 73-year-old male is pulseless and apneic. Witnesses say he collapsed 10 minutes ago, and uninterrupted, high-quality bystander CPR was initiated five minutes ago. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Provide rescue breathing while setting up an automated external defibrillator -Attach an automated external defibrillator and proceed with rhythm analysis and defibrillation -Open the airway while setting up an automated external defibrillator -Immediately transport the patient without interventions

Attach an automated external defibrillator and proceed with rhythm analysis and defibrillation

An unresponsive 63-year-old male with a history of cardiac disease does not have a palpable pulse. CPR is initiated. What is the most appropriate next step? -Administer oxygen -Request medical direction -Attach an automated external defibrillator -Call for ALS backup

Attach an automated external defrillator

An unconscious adult patient with a cardiac history has a palpable pulse and is breathing. In this case, management includes all of the following except: -Applying high-flow oxygen -Obtaining as much history as possible from family/friends -Requesting an ALS unit -Attaching an automated external defibrillator and analyzing the cardiac rhythm

Attaching an automated external defibrillator and analyzing the cardiac rhythm

Which of the following is a concern when family members of a patient are at the scene? -Attempting to help with patient care -Relating an accurate history -Interpreting for non-English-speaking patients -Ensuring the patient remains calm

Attempting to help with patient care

In which of the following scenarios are gloves likely to be the only personal protective equipment required? -Assisting with the emergency birth of a child -Suctioning a patient's airway -Treating a patient who is actively vomiting -Attempting to stop minor bleeding from a suspected capillary source

Attempting to stop minor bleeding from a suspected capillary source

Which of the following describes an accurate pulse assessment of a 2-month-old child? -Auscultating the carotid artery with a stethoscope -Palpating the radial artery -Auscultating the brachial artery with a stethoscope -Palpating the dorsalis pedis artery

Auscultating the brachial artery with a stethoscope

Which of the following is true regarding internal cardiac pacemakers? -Pacemakers are only capable of defibrillating patients. -Automated external defibrillator pads should not be placed directly over a pacemaker. -Defibrillator paddles may be placed over a pacemaker. -Pacemakers are placed in fat tissue.

Automated external defibrillator pads should not be placed directly over a pacemaker.

Which of the following is a way to minimize personal injury during the lifting of a patient? -Keep the patient's weight as far away as possible -Only communicate with team members when absolutely necessary -Bend at the waist when lifting -Avoid twisting of the body while lifting

Avoid twisting the body while lifting

Which of the following is a way to protect the privacy of a patient when communicating via an EMS radio? -Use the patient's initials -Give subjective information about the patient to assist in the description -Avoid using the patient's name -Speak freely, as EMS radio frequencies are only used by medical professionals

Avoid using the patient's name

Which of the following is not generally associated with internal bleeding? -Blast injury -Avulsion -Aneurysm -Penetrating trauma

Avulsion

A shooting has occurred at a local mall. Police are already on the scene, searching for the shooter. A person who has been shot can be seen through the store window. What is the appropriate next step? -Await police instructions on whether the scene is safe -Ask fire command via radio if the scene is safe -Request armed cover for law enforcement to enter and retrieve the patient -Ask dispatch whether the scene is safe

Await police instructions on wheather the scene is safe

A call comes for a patient who has been shot. When you arrive, the police are en route, and the patient is lying on the porch. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Retrieve the patient and get into the ambulance for safety -Await police instructions on whether the scene is safe -Retrieve the patient and leave the scene immediately -Ask dispatch for permission to enter the scene

Await police instructions on whether the scene is safe

Which of the following delivers the highest percentage of oxygen? -Nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute -Bag-valve mask with a reservoir bag with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute -Non-rebreather mask with a reservoir bag with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute -Mouth-to-mask device with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

Bag-valve mask with a reservoir bag with supplemental oxygen at 15 liters per minute

A 10-year-old girl has a cut on her face. Which of the following is not an appropriate way to interact with this patient? -Give the child simple, appropriate choices -Bargain with the child if necessary to complete the assessment -Talk to the child, not just the parent/caregiver, while taking their medical history -Ask questions to direct the conversation

Bargin with the child if necessary to complete the assessment

Which of the following is typically used to carry a patient across uneven terrain from a remote location? -Vacuum mattress -Basket stretcher -Scoop stretcher -Flexible stretcher

Basket tretcher

If emergency care is given without consent, which of the following charges may apply? -Assault -Abandonment -Battery -Negligence

Battery

Of the following choices, which is the least common cause of error when using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)? -Battery failure -Presence of fine ventricular fibrillation -Turning off the AED before analysis/shock is completed -Attempting to analyze a patient who is moving or being transported

Battery failure

Which of the following is a safety guideline for a behavioral crisis or psychiatric emergency? -Command the situation using a loud voice -Avoid personal protective equipment -Restrain a potentially volatile patient -Be aware of exits and keep them open

Be aware of exits and keep them open

An unresponsive adult patient is found soaked and outside in the rain. They are apneic and pulseless. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? -Provide 2 rescue breaths -Begin CPR while moving the patient out of the rain in anticipation of using an automatic external defibrillator -Begin CPR and defibrillate the patient via an automatic external defibrillator before moving the patient -Defibrillate the patient via an automatic external defibrillator

Begin CPR while moving the patient out of the rain in anticipation of using an automatic external defibrillator

A 73-year-old male is in cardiac arrest. His wife states he collapsed two minutes prior to EMS arrival, and his physician has signed a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order. However, she is unable to find the written order. What is the appropriate next step? -Begin resuscitation -Contact dispatch to request a medical examiner -Contact medical control before doing anything else -Provide oxygen only

Begin resuscitation

An 11-year-old female complains of a possible allergic reaction. Upon arrival, the patient's mother presents an epinephrine auto-injector. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Direct the mother to administer the epinephrine auto-injector -Begin the primary assessment -Administer the epinephrine auto-injector -Contact the physician who prescribed the epinephrine auto-injector

Begin the primary assessment

What is the best way to lift a patient who is lying on a stretcher? -Bend at the knees and lift with palms facing upward -Bend at the waist and lift with palms facing downward -Bend at the waist and lift with palms facing upward -Bend at the knees and lift with palms facing downward

Bend at the knees and lift with palms facing upward

Which of the following is the correct placement of the V3 electrode when obtaining a 12-lead ECG? -Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border -Between V2 and V4 -Fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line -Fourth intercostal space, right sternal border

Between VS and V4

Where is the tricuspid valve located? -Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery -Between the right atrium and the right ventricle -Between the superior vena cava and the right atrium -Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Which of the following is not a sign of internal bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract? -Bloody urine -Dark, tarry stools -Melena -Coffee-ground emesis

Bloody urine

Which of the following is not a risk factor for a spontaneous pneumothorax? -Emphysema -Blunt trauma to the chest -Asthma -Being a tall, thin male

Blunt trauma to the chest

Which of the following is the most likely cause of a tension pneumothorax? -Penetrating trauma to the chest -Ruptured, torn, or lacerated coronary artery or vein -Blunt trauma to the chest -Penetrating trauma to the neck

Blunt trauma to the chest

Which of the following items is not commonly used as personal protective equipment (PPE) in a prehospital setting? -Body armor -Respirator -Face shield -Gown

Body armor

A 20-year-old male patient sustained a laceration to his proximal right forearm while skateboarding. If a tourniquet was applied, from which artery would the tourniquet cut off blood supply? -Femoral artery -Internal carotid artery -Brachial artery -Ulnar artery

Brachial artery

A 6-month-old infant is unresponsive. Where should a pulse be assessed to determine if CPR should be initiated? -Carotid artery -Femoral artery -Brachial artery -Radial artery

Brachial artery

Which pulse point is best for assessing an unresponsive infant? -Carotid pulse -Radial pulse -Femoral pulse -Brachial pulse

Brachial pulse

A 28-year-old patient with a closed head injury has a Glasgow Coma Score of seven. Which of the following findings would indicate an increased intracranial pressure? -Narrowing pulse pressure -Anxiety -Bradycardia -Highly reactive pupils

Bradycardia

A 55-year-old female complains of sudden-onset shortness of breath while at rest. Following a quick examination, you determine that the patient may be experiencing non-traumatic cardiac tamponade. If so, the patient will likely exhibit all of the following signs and symptoms except: -Bradycardia -Jugular vein distension -Narrow pulse pressure -Muffled heart sounds

Bradycardia

A patient is experiencing hypovolemic shock due to uncontrolled hemorrhaging. Which of the following signs or symptoms is not expected? -Bradycardia -Tachypnea -Confusion -Clammy skin

Bradycardia

A patient is exposed to a chemical that overstimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. Which of the following signs is expected? -Cool, clammy skin -Bradycardia -Tachycardia -Bronchodilation

Bradycardia

An adult patient may have alcohol toxicity. Which of the following signs is expected? -Bradypnea -Restlessness -Hypertension -Arrhythmia

Bradypnea

Which of the following is a sign of impending respiratory arrest in a pediatric patient? -Bradypnea -Capillary refill of greater than 2 seconds -Strong central pulses -Tachycardia

Bradypnea

A 23-year-old male was involved in a motorcycle accident. Which of the following injuries should be assessed/treated first? -An impaled object protruding from the chest -Bright red, spurting blood from an open wound in the leg -Blood oozing from a wound in the neck -Numbness of both arms

Bright red, spurting blood from an open wound in the leg

What is the common name for a contusion? -Cut -Scrape -Tissue flap -Bruise

Bruise

An adult male was cleaning his garage where several bags of dry lime were stored. He is now covered with lime and in pain from the chemical burns to his hands and face. Which action should be done first? -Brush the remaining dry chemical from the skin and clothing -Initiate oxygen therapy -Wrap the burn areas with gauze -Spray copious amounts of cool water to remove the remaining acid

Brush the remaining dry chemical from the skin and clothing

Which of the following is not a type of medical direction? -Previous EMS training -Bystander information -Direction given by an individual designated by a physician -Standing orders

Bystander information

Which of the following is not an example of an emergency medical responder? -Bystander trained in BLS -Ski patroller -Park ranger -Firefighter

Bystander trained in BLS

Which of the following scenarios illustrates implied consent? -CPR is given to an unconscious patient -A school nurse takes care of a student with minor injuries -At the site of a motor vehicle accident, the driver asks for an unconscious child in the back seat to receive care first -A patient with an active, valid DNR is unresponsive

CPR is given to an unconscious patient

A 350-pound male patient requires transport from the fourth floor of his apartment building to the ambulance. There is no working elevator, but the staircase is wide and sturdy. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step? -Call for additional rescuers to assist with the transfer -Use a stair chair to transfer the patient -Enlist the assistance of family and/or bystanders -Carry the patient down the stairs on a stretcher with belts in place

Call for additional rescuers to assist with the transfer

Which of the following directly regulates the blood flow through the capillary beds? -Arteriovenous shunts -Arterioles -Tunica media -Capillary sphincter

Capillary sphincter

Which of the following occurs during the peripheral capillary cellular exchange? -The capillaries and body cells exchange hormones for communication. -Carbon dioxide from cells enters the capillaries, and oxygen leaves the capillaries and enters the cells. -Oxygen-poor blood from the capillaries passes into the alveoli. -Body cells obtain energy from stored glycogen.

Carbon dioxide from the cells enters the capillaries, and oxygen leaves the capillaries and enters the cells.

A call is received during cold weather for a 7-year-old with general malaise and vomiting. The patient's mother states that overnight, all three of her children developed a "bug." In addition to malaise, the children are lethargic, slightly confused, nauseated, and complaining of headaches. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms? -Carbon monoxide poisoning -Food poisoning -Cyanide poisoning -Carbon dioxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide poisoning

A 30-year-old patient was electrocuted while working on a high transmission line and has suffered severe electrical burns. Which of the following is a primary concern for this patient? -Internal bleeding -Allergic reaction -Cardiac arrest -Heat shock

Cardiac arrest

An adult patient with chest pain presents with low blood pressure, jugular vein distension (JVD), and muffled or distant heart tones. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's signs? -Cardiac tamponade -Myocardial infarction -Pulmonary embolus -Spontaneous pneumothorax

Cardiac tamponade

In which of the following conditions does the area around the heart fill with blood or fluid? -Angina pectoris -Cardiac tamponade -Congestive heart failure -Acute myocardial infarction

Cardiac tamponade

A 64-year-old post-myocardial infarction patient presents with severe chest pain, respiratory distress, and pulmonary edema. They have an altered level of consciousness. Their skin is cool and clammy, and they are hypotensive. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings? -Cardiogenic shock -Septic shock -Cardiac tamponade -Cerebrovascular accident

Cardiogenic shock

A 65-year-old female fell and hurt her ankle. The ankle has an obvious deformity. After splinting the ankle, which of the following is appropriate to assess? -Cardiovascular and neurological function of all limbs -Cardiovascular and neurological function of the affected limb -Sensation, proximal to the injury -Pulse, proximal to the injury

Cardiovascular and neurological fuction of the affected limb

What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge where the trachea divides into the right and left main-stem bronchi? -Epiglottis -Pharynx -Carina -Cricoid cartilage

Carina

Which of the following arteries indicate central pulses? -Posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries -Carotid and brachial arteries -Carotid and femoral arteries -Radial and brachial arteries

Carotid and femoral arteries

You have found a seven-year-old unresponsive child. Which pulse should you palpate? -Carotid artery -Femoral artery -Brachial artery -Radial artery

Carotid artery

An adult male has sustained a severe facial injury. Which of the following is not a likely cause of an airway obstruction? -Swelling -Loosened teeth -Cervical spinal injury -Bleeding

Cervical spinal injury

A non-trauma patient presents with apnea and bradycardia. Assisted ventilation is attempted but is unsuccessful. If the patient's head is repositioned and repeated ventilation is unsuccessful, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Attempt ventilation using an alternative method -Continue to reposition the head until assisted ventilation is successful -Continue with chest compressions only -Check for an airway obstruction

Check for an airway obstruction

Which of the following is not a common sign or symptom of congestive heart failure? -Relief from dyspnea while sitting upright -Distended neck veins -Chest pain -Crackles

Chest pain

Which of the following is a classic symptom of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)? -Low back pain with radiation to the legs -Chest pain or discomfort described as pressure or heaviness -Dull pain that does not radiate -Abdominal pain

Chest pain or discomfort described as pressure or heaviness

When administering aspirin to a patient with cardiac chest pain in the field, how would an EMT instruct the patient to ingest the medication? -Place the whole tablet between the lips and gums -Place the tablet under the tongue -Chew the tablet before swallowing it -Swallow the tablet whole

Chew the tablet before swallowing it

A child's airway can be more difficult to manage than an adult's airway. What anatomical differences in children make airway management more challenging? -Children have a propartionally smaller tongue and fewer teeth. -Children have a proportionally longer airway and a smaller jaw. -Children have a proportionally larger tongue and a smaller jaw. -There are no anatomical differences that interfere with airway management.

Children have a proportionally larger tongue and a smaller jaw.

Why are children more susceptible to airway obstruction than adults? -An adult has a larger tongue compared to a child. -Children have a proportionally smaller mandible and a larger tongue. -Children have a proportionally smaller occiput. -Children have harder ribs and cartilage.

Children have a proportionally smaller mandible and a larger tongue.

A woman is giving birth in a prehospital setting. As the baby's head is being delivered, the umbilical cord is wrapped tightly around the baby's neck; the cord cannot be slipped over their head. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Suction the infant's mouth and nose to clear secretions -Clamp the cord about two inches apart and cut between the clamps -Place the mother on her side and transport rapidly -Deliver the infant with the cord wrapped around their neck

Clamp the cord about two inches apart and cut between the clamps

An ambulance is responding to a call for an apneic patient. Lights and sirens are used as the ambulance approaches a four-way intersection controlled by traffic lights. The light for the direction of the ambulance's travel begins to change from green to yellow upon approach. Which of the following is the safest way to proceed through the intersection? -Reduce speed, change the tone of the siren, and prepare for an emergency maneuver if necessary -Use the air horn to warn that an emergency vehicle is approaching the intersection -Come to a brief stop at the light, look for motorists and pedestrians before proceeding, and move forward when it is safe -Slow down, change the tone of the siren, and move through the intersection

Come to a brief stop at the light, look for motorists and pedestrians before proceeding, and move forward when it is safe

While driving an ambulance in emergency mode with lights and sirens, which steps should be taken to proceed through an intersection with a red light? -Reduce speed, change the tone of the siren, and prepare for an emergency maneuver if necessary -Use the air horn to warn that an emergency vehicle is approaching the intersection -Come to a brief stop at the light, look for motorists and pedestrians before proceeding, and move forward when it is safe -Reduce speed, change the tone of the siren, and move through the intersection

Come to a brief stop at the light, look for motorists and pedestrians before proceeding, and move forward when it is safe

Which of the following is the most appropriate position in which to place an adult patient who is experiencing chest pain? -Comfort position -Recovery -Supine -Prone

Comfort position

A patient exhibits tachycardia, tachypnea, and a decreased level of consciousness. Their skin is cool and clammy. This patient is most likely in which stage of shock? -No discernible stage of shock -Decompensated shock -Moderate shock -Compensated shock

Compensated shock

Which of the following is expected for a patient who has suffered a retinal detachment? -Complaints of flashes of light -Severe pain when closing the eyelid -Decreased tear production -Cloudy lenses

Complaints of flashes of light

A 25-year-old male is bleeding profusely from a penetrating head injury after a motor vehicle accident. He is conscious, appears alert, and complains of numbness and the inability to move any body part below the neck. What is the most appropriate next step? -Complete inline stabilization and treat the head wound -Note both issues and continue a rapid assessment -Complete inline stabilization and continue a rapid assessment -Treat the head wound and continue a rapid assessment

Complete inline stabilization and treat the head wound

Which of the following causes supine hypotensive syndrome? -Compression of the vagus nerve by the uterus -Fetal hypertension -Compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus -Placenta previa

Compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus

Which of the following is accurate regarding chest compressions during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation? -Compressions are completed in cycles of 30, at a depth of 2.5-3 inches (6 to 7.6 cm) and a rate of 100 to 120 per minute -Compressions are performed in cycles of 30, at a depth of 2-2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) and a rate of 100-120 per minute -Compressions are completed in cycles of 30, at a depth of 2-2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) and a rate of 80 to 100 per minute -Compressions are completed in cycles of 20, at a depth of 2-2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) and a rate of 80 to 100 per minute

Compressions are performed in cycles of 30, at a depth of 2-2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) and a rate of 100-120 per minute

A 45-year-old female fell and hit her head while skiing. She was not wearing a helmet and experienced a brief loss of consciousness but was alert upon EMS arrival. She does not feel like she needs transport. What is the most likely diagnosis? -Subdural hematoma -Basilar skull fracture -Concussion -Epidural Hematoma

Concussion

Which of the following signs or symptoms can be expected from the early adverse effects of hypothermia? -Decreased mucus production -Confusion -Peripheral edema -Blood-tinged sputum

Confusion

A 74-year-old female is complaining of chest pain and trouble catching her breath. She has a cough that produces pink, frothy sputum. Crackles are noted on auscultation of the lungs. Which of the following is most likely causing her signs and symptoms? -Cardiogenic shock -Emphysema -Congestive heart failure -Stable angina pectoris

Congestive heart failure

An adult patient with a cardiac history presents with cyanotic, clammy skin and audible crackles throughout his lung fields. They have a productive cough and distended jugular veins. Which of the following conditions would most likely cause these findings? -Pulmonary embolism -Chronic renal failure -Congestive heart failure -Acute myocardial infarction

Congestive heart failure

You are assessing a 73-year-old female who complains of swelling in her feet and a sudden onset of severe dyspnea. The patient is tachycardic with a history of a recent myocardial infarction. As you are listening to her lung sounds, she coughs up pink, frothy sputum. What do you suspect the patient has? -Pneumonia -Cardiac tamponade -Bronchitis -Congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure

A responsive 66-year-old patient is experiencing substernal chest pain. Which of the following must be completed prior to the administration of nitroglycerin? -Complete a detailed medical exam and determine the extent of pain -Contact medical direction with a set of vital signs -Determine whether the patient has a cardiac history -Attach an automated external defibrillator to determine whether a shock is advised

Contact medical direction with a set of vital signs

Which of the following is a system of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system? -Primary prevention -Medical control -Quality control -Continuous quality improvement

Continuous quality improvement

An unconscious patient with signs of shock has an obvious open injury to the proximal femur that is spurting bright red blood. What is the first assessment or treatment that should be completed? -Elevate both lower extremities -Assess and manage the airway -Begin shock management -Control life-threatening bleeding

Control life-threatening bleeding

An unresponsive female is found after a motor vehicle collision with obvious soft tissue injuries to her face and neck. She is bleeding profusely. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Apply a cervical collar -Open the airway with the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver -Apply a tourniquet -Control life-threatening bleeding

Control life-threatening bleeding

An alert and oriented adult male was trimming tree branches in his yard when he fell about six feet from a ladder. He has a large, deep laceration on his right thigh that is spurting bright red blood. He also complains of lower back pain but denies any loss of consciousness and has been ambulatory since the accident. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Create an open airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver and provide assisted ventilation -Apply high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask and perform spinal immobilization -Immediately place a tourniquet distal to the spurting wound -Control the hemorrhage and perform spinal immobilization

Control the hemorrhage and perform spinal immobilization

In which of the following scenarios would eye protection be required? -Controlling arterial bleeding that is spurting bright red blood -Caring for a patient covered in motor oil -Taking vital signs of a sweaty patient who has previously vomited -Eye protection is always required for every patient

Controlling arterial bleeding that is spurting bright red blood

Which of the following is typically not a sign of septic shock? -Cool, clammy skin -Tachycardia -Warm skin -Hypotension

Cool, clammy skin

Which of the following signs is most indicative of hypovolemic shock in an adult? -Sluggish pupils -Cool, clammy skin -Decreased respiration rate -Jugular vein distention

Cool, clammy skin

Which of the following blood vessels provides oxygenated blood to the heart muscle? -Carotid arteries -Femoral arteries -Coronary arteries -Cerebral arteries

Coronary arteries

You have an 82-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain. He has a history of a myocardial infarction ten years prior and says he had heart surgery to fix the problem. As you open up his shirt to place him on the cardiac monitor, you notice a long surgical scar on his chest. Which procedure results in a long surgical scar on the chest? -Coronary artery stent -Balloon angioplasty -Coronary agioplasty -Coronary artery bypass graft

Coronary artery bypass graft

Which of the following statements is true regarding eviscerations? -Remove any clothing that is inside the wound -Cover the wound with a sterile, dry dressing -Cover the wound with a sterile, moist dressing -Evisceration does not often cause shock

Cover the wound with a sterile, moist dressing

A 23-year-old male patient was injured in an industrial accident. He is conscious and alert but has a large abdominal laceration with internal organs protruding from the wound. What is the most appropriate treatment for the wound? -Cover the wound with ice packs and secure with an occlusive dressing -Cover the wound with sterile, dry gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing -Cover the wound with absorbent cotton and secure with an occlusive dressing -Cover the wound with sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline solution and secure with an occlusive dressing

Cover the wound with sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline solution and secure with an occlusive dressing

Which of the following is not a common sign or symptom of an ankle sprain? -Swelling -Crepitus -Muscle spasm -Paresthesia

Crepitus

A 23-year-old pregnant patient reports she may be in active labor. At the scene, which of the following would best indicate that delivery is imminent? -Rupture of the amniotic sac (water breaking) -Multigravida patient -Crowning -Past due date

Crowning

Which of the following chest pain descriptions is most consistent with acute myocardial infarction? =Sharp pain that worsens with inspiration =Burning chest pain =Crushing chest pain radiating to the neck with shortness of breath =Crushing chest pain alleviated with rest

Crushing chest pain radiating to the neck with shortness of breath

An emergency medical technician (EMT) has been exposed to several serious trauma calls recently. They are irritable at home and work, and they cannot sleep well. From which of the following is the EMT most likely suffering? -General adaptation syndrome -Cumulative stress reaction -Acute stress reaction -Delayed stress reaction

Cumulative stress reaction

Which of the following is considered a sign of hypothermia? -Cyanosis with rapid respirations -Hypertension -Strong pulse -Temperature that does not exceed 101°F (38.3°C)

Cyanosis with rapid respirations

Which of the following is not a cause of obstructive shock? -Damaged cervical spine -Tension pneumothorax -Cardiac tamponade -Saddle embolism

Damaged cervical spine

A patient requires assistance with the administration of nitroglycerin. Medical direction has been consulted, and the medication is indicated. In addition to the patient's name, the correct medication, route of administration, and dose, what other information on the bottle should be checked? -Date of prescription -Date of manufacture -Date of expiration -Date of prescription renewal

Date of expiration

Which of the following suggests a significant mechanism of injury during a motor vehicle collision? -Broken glass at the scene -Deployment of an airbag -Involvement of multiple vehicles -Death of another vehicle occupant

Death of another vehicle occupant

A 42-year-old female at the scene of a motor vehicle collision has cool, pale extremities; an irregular, thready pulse rate of 140 beats per minute; a blood pressure of 80/42 mm Hg; and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute. Based on the assessment, which stage of shock is this patient most likely exhibiting? -Decompensated hemorrhagic shock -No discernible stage of shock -Compensated cardiogenic shock -Compensated distributive shock

Decompensated hemorrhagic shock

Which of the following is a cause of tachycardia? -Exposure to cholinergic agents -Decompensated shock -Severe hypothermia -Cushings Triad

Decompensated shock

Which of the following is not a stage of the grieving process, per Dr. Kübler-Ross's theory? -Deflection -Bargaining -Acceptance -Depression

Deflection

An 18-year-old female has had diarrhea for three days. She complains of dizziness and a dry mouth. Bystanders confirm that close contacts have had gastroenteritis. Which of the following is most likely causing this patient's dizziness and dry mouth? -Pregnancy -Dehydration -Electrolyte imbalance -Food poisoning

Dehydration

Which of the following is not considered a normal role or responsibility of an emergency medical technician (EMT)? -Ensuring and protecting patient privacy -Performing patient assessments -Maintaining continuity of care -Delegating the authority to provide medical care in the field

Delegating the authority to provide medical care in the field

Which of the following is considered to be part of the third stage of labor? -Onset of uterine contractions -Full dilation of the cervix -Delivery of the placenta -Birth of the baby

Delivery of the placenta

Which of the following is not commonly included in a patient report for a receiving hospital? -Unit identification -Estimated time of arrival -Patient's response to treatment -Detailed medical history

Detailed medical history

Which of the following is not commonly included in a patient report when communicating with a receiving hospital? -Chief complaint -Physical findings -Patient's age and gender -Detailed medical history

Detailed medical history

The scene of a multiple-car accident has been deemed safe. After standard precautions, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Request additional resources -Assess each patient's level of consciousness -Correct any life-threatening conditions -Determine the number of patients

Determine the number of patients

An adult male patient has a suspected acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following findings is expected from the physical exam? -Hot, red skin with poor turgor -Pinpoint pupils -Diaphoresis -Hemiparesis

Diaphoresis

An adult patient has a diabetic history. Which of the following findings would be expected for a patient suffering from hypoglycemia? -Diarrhea -Decubitus ulcerations -Diaphoresis -Dehydration

Diaphoresis

Which of the following signs/symptoms would not be associated with acute coronary syndrome? -Diarrhea -Vomiting -Sweating -Abdominal pain

Diarrhea

In which phase of the cardiac cycle is the left ventricle at rest? -Isovolumetric contraction -Diastole -Cardiac output -Systole

Diastole

Which of the following terms best describes the period when the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood? -Systemic vascular resistance -Diastole -Perfusion -Systole

Diastole

Which of the following defines dysphagia? -Difficulty breathing -Difficulty urinating -Difficulty swallowing -Difficulty speaking

Difficulty swallowing

Which of the following medications blocks the effects of histamine and is taken for allergic reactions? -Naloxone -Diphenhydramine -Activated charcoal -Aspirin

Diphenhydramine

Which of the following is the best method of initial hemorrhage control in a prehospital setting? -Elevation of the extremity -Tourniquet -Pressure dressing -Direct pressure

Direct pressure

A 27-year-old female is bleeding profusely from a wound on her left leg. There are no signs of skeletal injury. What is the most appropriate means of controlling her bleeding initially? -Direct pressure on the wound Show Explanation -Direct pressure on the wound and elevation of the leg -Pressure dressing applied to the wound -Tourniquet applied above the level of the bleeding

Direct pressure on the wound

An 80-year-old male is pulseless, apneic, and exhibiting dependent lividity. Which of the following best describes dependent lividity? -Decomposition of body tissue -Discoloration of the skin at the lowest point of the body -A stiffening of the body muscles -A blue tint of the skin

Discoloration of the skin at the lowest point of the body

A patient's blood pressure is 88/40 mm Hg after the assisted administration of nitroglycerin. What is the most appropriate next step? -Place the patient in the left lateral recumbent position and reassess vital signs every five minutes -Discontinue nitroglycerin and monitor vital signs closely -Administer a second and third dose of nitroglycerin, as the first dose was not effective -Administer a second dose of nitroglycerin

Discontinue nitroglycerin and minitor vital signs

An 87-year-old female is showing early signs of hypoxia. The patient is prescribed continuous oxygen therapy via nasal cannula at a rate of two liters per minute; the oxygen is currently turned off because the patient states she does not like it. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Begin assisted ventilation -Immediately transport the patient and inform the hospital that she has inadequate oxygenation and refused treatment -Discuss the appropriateness of supplemental oxygen, place the patient on two liters of oxygen per minute via nasal cannula, and continue the assessment -Continue with the assessment, noting the patient's signs and symptoms

Discuss the appropriateness of supplemental oxygen, place the patient on two liters of oxygen per minute via nasal cannula, and continue the assessmen

A 32-year-old female had two seizures within an hour. There is no suspicion of drug or alcohol use. After her postictal state resolves, she is alert and oriented and refuses further treatment or transport. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Assume the patient knows the risks of refusal and ask her to sign a refusal form -Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care or transport and have the patient sign a written refusal -Explain that she cannot refuse treatment or assessment -Explain that she cannot refuse to be transported because of her altered state

Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care or transport and have the patient sign a written refusal

If a competent adult patient refuses EMS care and/or transport to the hospital, which of the following is appropriate? -If you did not provide any treatment at the scene, no refusal form is necessary -Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care/transport and document verbal confirmation from the patient -Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care/transport and have the patient sign a written refusal -If you do not provide any treatment or assessment at the scene, verbal confirmation is adequate for refusal

Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care/transport and have the patient sign a written refusal

A 95-year-old female is experiencing chest pain. Her pulse is 99 beats per minute, blood pressure is 120/60 mm Hg, and respirations are 22 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation of 96%. She is deemed competent and refuses further treatment or transport to the hospital. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Attempt to contact the patient's family to gain consent to transport her -Contact medical control for orders -Contact the patient's medical power of attorney to get permission to treat and transport her -Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to transport and have the patient sign documentation with a witness, indicating her understanding and refusal

Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to transport and have the patient sign documentation with a witness, indicating her understanding and refusal

A 45-year-old male is alert and oriented. The patient has a large wound on his leg and refuses treatment. After some discussion, the patient allows his wound to be bandaged and his vital signs to be assessed. After completion of these tasks, the patient declines transport. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Help the patient find alternative transport to the hospital -Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to transport and have the patient sign documentation with a witness, indicating his understanding and refusal -Request a non-emergent ambulance come to transport the patient -Try to talk the patient into accepting transport because he will require antibiotics

Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to transport and have the patient sign documentation with a witness, indicating his understanding and refusal

Which of the following situations constitutes a breach of confidentiality? -Informing an emergency department nurse about a patient's medical history and allergies -Discussing the treatment provided on a call in a public area -Discussing a repeat patient's potential communicable diseases with an ambulance partner en route to the scene -Informing the social worker at the receiving facility about a patient's symptoms

Discussing the treatment provided on a call in a public area

A seven-year-old male patient jumped from a swing and injured his left leg. There is a prominent deformity of the left leg above his ankle. Which of the following bones was/were most likely fractured? -Distal femur -Proximal fibula -Proximal femur and fibula -Distal tibia and fibula

Distal tibia and fibula

Which of the following is not an appropriate way to approach a patient who has a history of schizophrenia and appears to be delusional? -Do not express interest in the patient's story -Avoid fighting with the patient -Be honest and reassuring -Calmly introduce yourself before approaching the patient

Do not express interest in the patient's story

Vital signs were not obtained from a patient when required. Which of the following is the appropriate action to remedy the situation? -Document that vital signs were not available -Document that vital signs were not obtained and the reason -Make all values for this set of vital signs zero -Document that the patient refused to have vital signs obtained

Document that vital signs were not obtained and the reason

An error is made in a patient care report. Which of the following is the appropriate way to remedy a documentation error? -Place an "X" over the error, initial and date the error, and add the correct information -Erase the mistake and rewrite the information correctly -Draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial and date the error, and add the correct information -Make no changes but provide an addendum

Draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial and date the error, and add the correct information

A breathing female newborn was delivered in a prehospital setting. She has a pink body, a pulse of 108 beats per minute, and good muscle tone. The infant is crying lustily. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Dry and completely wrap the newborn, exposing no areas to ensure warmth -Dry the infant and place her on the mother's abdomen to begin skin-to-skin contact -Provide assisted ventilation -Immediately cut the umbilical cord

Dry the infant and place her on the mother's abdomen to begin skin-to-skin contact

When a responder is assessing respiration rate, which of the following would not prompt them to restart their count? -Dyspnea -Sighing -Talking -Coughing

Dyspnea

Which of the following is defined as shortness of breath? -Dyspnea -Atelectasis -Aspiration -Hypoxia

Dyspnea

Which of the following is generally not included in a patient care report? -Patient demographics -EMS opinion of the incident -Initial assessment -Subjective findings endorsed by the patient

EMS opinion of the incident

A 28-year-old female was awakened by lower left quadrant abdominal pain. She endorses spotty vaginal bleeding. Her last menstrual period was three months ago; she assumed she was pregnant but has not taken a home test. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Which of the following is a concern? -Ectopic pregnancy -Normal pregnancy -Preeclampsia -Placenta previa

Ectopic pregnancy

What does an automated external defibrillator (AED) analyze? -Electrical rhythm of the heart -Electrical axis of cardiac conduction -Electrical conduction of the ventricles only -Force of contraction of the heart

Electrical rhythm of the heart

A 27-year-old male with an extensive psychiatric history calmly explains that his thoughts are controlling the whole universe, and he does not know what to do. His body language and speech are gentle and non-threatening. Which of the following responses is appropriate? -Engage calmly and directly -Request sedation for this patient because of the potential for violent behavior -Firmly assure him that the delusions are not real -Ask for proof of his delusions

Engage calmly and directly

A critical trauma patient is going to be transported from the scene by an air ambulance. When rescuers are operating within a landing zone, which of the following is appropriate? -Do not smoke within 25 feet of the aircraft -Approach the aircraft as soon as the loading doors open -Ensure all equipment is secured to a stretcher or backboard -Approach the aircraft from the side toward the loading doors

Ensure all equipment is secured to a stretcher or backboard

An adult patient is found pulseless and apneic. CPR was initiated by bystanders. Which of the following is appropriate during automated external defibrillator (AED) use? -Always place the pads in an anterior/posterior position -Get the patient away from any water, even small puddles -Ensure no one is touching the patient during analysis and defibrillation -Remove the patient if found in the snow

Ensure no one is touching the patient during analysis and defibrallation

An adult patient needs high-flow oxygen therapy via a non-rebreather mask. Which of the following is required to attain the highest possible oxygen delivery? -Remove the reservoir bag -Adjust the flow rate to a minimum of 8 liters per minute -Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated -Assist ventilations

Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated

A 17-year-old male was struck on the side of the head. Police found him unconscious and called for EMS assistance. By the time they arrive, the patient has regained consciousness and states that he is fine. During the primary assessment, there is no obvious bleeding or airway compromise, and his breathing is fine. As EMS proceeds, he becomes obtunded and subsequently loses consciousness. What is the likely cause of this patient's sudden decline? -Subarachnoid hemorrhage -Subdural hematoma -Hemorrhagic shock -Epidural hematoma

Epidural hematoma

Which of the following statements is true regarding epiglottitis? -Epiglottitis affects adults more often than children. -Epiglottitis can cause the epiglottis to shrink up to five times its normal size. -Epiglottitis has a rapid onset of signs and symptoms. -Epiglottitis is a non-life-threatening respiratory condition.

Epiglottitis has a rapid onset of signs and symptoms

A 7-year-old patient has a history of severe allergic reactions. He is currently experiencing facial swelling, urticaria, and inspiratory/expiratory wheezing that is equal bilaterally. If available, which intervention would be the most appropriate to initiate? -Epinephrine auto-injector -Diphenhydramine -High-flow oxygen therapy via a non-rebreather mask -Inhaled beta-agonists

Epinephrine auto-injector

An adult patient may be suffering from an ischemic stroke. After ensuring a patent airway and adequate oxygenation, which of the following should be the next priority? -Determine the patient's blood glucose level, medical history, and medications and provide rapid transport -Establish a timeline of onset and provide rapid transport -Determine the patient's blood pressure bilaterally and provide rapid transport -Complete a detailed medical examination prior to transport

Establish a timeline of onset and provide rapid transport

A 31-year-old male has a suspected spinal injury but seems otherwise stable. How often should his vital signs be reassessed during transport? -Every 15 minutes -Continuously -Every 30 minutes -Every 5 minutes

Every 5 minutes

How often should vital signs be assessed for a patient who requires airway management? -Every minute -Every 5 minutes -Every 10 minutes -Every 30 minutes

Every 5 minutes

An EMT is under noticeable stress; their mood has changed, and they fall asleep at work. Which of the following is a potential activity that could be exacerbating their response to stress? -Discussing feelings -Excessive alcohol use -Spending time with family -Adequate exercise regimen

Excessive alcohol use

A 30-year-old male is confused but cooperative. He is alert and refusing care and transport to the hospital for definitive care. His vitals are within normal ranges, and there are no obvious signs of illness or injury. Which of the following actions would be appropriate in this case? -Explain the risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment and its refusal and have him sign a refusal-of-care form with a witness -Have law enforcement coerce the patient to allow treatment and transport -Ask law enforcement to put him into protective custody -Explain that because he is confused, he cannot refuse treatment

Explain the risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment and its refusal and have him sign a refusal-of-care form with a witness

Which of the following is an indication for humidified oxygen? -Dyspnea -Respiratory arrest -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation -Extended transport

Extended transport

Which of the following is a likely sign of decompensated shock that may not occur in compensated shock? -Pale, diaphoretic skin -Falling blood pressure -Feeling of impending doom -Weak pulse

Falling blood pressure

A competent patient rescinds consent during transport and is not let out of the ambulance. Which of the following has occurred? -Assault -Abandonment -Defamation -False imprisonment

False imprisonment

Which of the following is not a common side effect of metered-dose inhalers that contain epinephrine? -Restlessness -Hypertension -Tachycardia -Fatigue

Fatigue

A two-year-old boy is in a postictal state. His mother says he had been ill for several days and developed a fever before becoming unconscious and experiencing the seizure, which lasted less than a minute. The child has no other pertinent medical history. The child is lethargic but acknowledges his mother's presence. Which of the following has most likely occurred? -Diabetic seizure -Epileptic seizure -Febrile seizure -Simple partial seizure

Febrile seizure

Which vessel transports oxygen-rich blood to the lower extremities? -Femoral artery -Brachial vein -Brachial artery -Femoral vein

Femoral artery

Which of the following is the largest bone in the body? -Skull -Femur -Pelvis -Clavicle

Femur

An unresponsive patient has slow, shallow respirations and pinpoint pupils. Which of the following is the most likely cause? -MDMA overdose -Methamphetamine overdose -Fentanyl overdose -Cocaine overdose

Fentanyl overdoes

A 34-year-old woman was involved in a motor vehicle collision and now complains of intense chest pain. She has paradoxical motion and signs of hypoxia. Which of the following findings is expected? -Tension pneumothorax -Ruptured spleen -Flail chest -Pulmonary contusion

Flail chest

An adult patient was accidentally sprayed in the eyes with a liquid insecticide. Which of the following is the appropriate treatment? -Flood the eyes with a constant gentle stream of water -Use an alkaline solution to decontaminate the eyes -Flood the eyes with a strong stream of saline solution -Place a dressing over both eyes with sterile gauze

Flood the eyes with a constant gentle stream of water

When is the jaw-thrust maneuver the most appropriate method of opening the airway? -For an unconscious patient with suspected cervical spinal trauma -A conscious trauma patient with penetrating cervical spinal injury -For an unconscious person who is snoring -A conscious trauma patient who has no motor or sensation below the nipple line

For an unconscious patient with a suspected cervical spinal trauma

During a scene size-up, all of the following components should be addressed except which one? -Ensuring the safety of the scene -Forming a general impression -Determining the need for additional resources -Determining the mechanism of injury/nature of illness

Forming a general impression

A non-traumatic adult patient is experiencing obvious respiratory distress. What is the most appropriate position in which to place the patient during transport? -Prone position -Supine position -Recovery position -Fowler position

Fowler position

Which of the following is a potential complication of performing chest compressions on an adult? -Gastric distension -Fractured ribs -Fractured clavicle -Lacerated spleen

Fractured ribs

Which of the following organs is not part of the endocrine system? -Gallbladder -Pancreas -Thyroid gland -Pituitary gland

Gallbladder

What is the most likely cause of dark-colored stool? -Appendicitis -Pancreatitis -Gallstones -Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Gatrointestinal hemorrhage

An appropriately sized oropharyngeal airway is placed in an unconscious patient. After assisting ventilations, the patient regains consciousness and is aggravated by the presence of the airway adjunct. What is the most appropriate next step? -Remove the OPA as quickly as possible -Leave the airway in place and suction any likely vomitus -Gently remove the OPA following the normal curvature of the mouth -Log-roll the patient to the side and allow the OPA to fall out

Gently remove the OPA following the normal curvature of the mouth

A 68-year-old female was in cardiac arrest; a shock has been delivered via an automated external defibrillator (AED). She has a palpable carotid pulse and is breathing adequately with good skin color. What is the most appropriate next step? -Give high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Resume CPR -Provide artificial ventilation with supplemental oxygen -Deliver another shock to ensure the patient does not arrest again

Give high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask

The return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) has been achieved for a patient who was previously pulseless and apneic. They are now semi-conscious with adequate respirations at a rate of 22 breaths per minute. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Give high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Resume CPR -Deliver another shock to ensure the patient does not experience arrest again -Provide artificial ventilation with supplemental oxygen

Give high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask

Which of the following statements is true regarding gloves and/or glove use? -Gloves are required for all patient care activities -Gloves are part of a minimum standard for all patient care if there is a possibility of exposure to blood or bodily fluids -Gloves should be removed by gripping the fingers and pulling -Gloves only need to be changed when exposed to bodily fluids

Gloves are part of a minimum standard for all patient care if there is a possibility of exposure to blood or bodily fluids

Which measure provides legal protection to someone who helps an injured person? -Malpractice insurance -Good Samaritan law -First Responders Act -Medical Protection Act

Good samaritan law

Which of the following provides the most EMS support? -Governmental fire agencies -Volunteer agencies -Governmental non-fire agencies -Private services

Government fire agencies

A newborn gives a weak cry in response to stimuli. In which section of the Apgar scoring system does this assessment belong? -Appearance -Respirations -Grimace -Activity

Grimace

A full-term pregnant female is delivering her baby. What may be required to deliver the lower (second) shoulder? -Guide the head up slightly -Apply gentle downward traction to the head -Apply resistance to the head -Massage the uterus

Guide the head up slighty

Which of the following types of oxygen tanks has the largest volume of oxygen? -D-size tank -M-size tank -E-size tank -H-size tank

H-size tank

Which of the following is the most appropriate response to a patient who does not speak English? -Use a translator app on your phone -Have a relative or friend translate -Request a translator to respond to the scene -Try to use photos or symbols to communicate with the patient

Have a relative or friend translate

A 10-year-old male has non-traumatic epistaxis. He is visibly upset and crying. Which of the following is the most appropriate step to control his bleeding? -Have the patient sit leaning forward and pack gauze into the nose -Have the patient sit leaning forward with the head tilted forward, and apply direct pressure for at least 15 minutes -Have the patient sit leaning forward with the head tilted backward and apply direct pressure for at least 15 minutes -Place the patient in a supine position and apply ice over the nose

Have the patient sit leaning forward with the head tilted forward, and apply direct pressure for at least 15 minutes

A patient has just been administered prescribed nitroglycerin. Their previous complaint of chest pain has been alleviated. Which of the following is a common side effect of nitroglycerin therapy? -Headache -Hypertension -Nausea and vomiting -Urticaria

Headache

Which of the following is a common side effect of nitroglycerin? -Hypertension -Nausea -Drowsiness -Headaches

Headaches

How does an angina pectoris attack differ from an acute myocardial infarction (AMI)? -Nitroglycerin is not indicated by angina pectoris pain. -Heart muscle can be permanently damaged by an AMI. -Angina pectoris pain typically lasts longer than AMI pain. -Angina pectoris will only present with chest pain.

Heart muscle can be permanently damaged by an AMI.

A patient has been stung by a jellyfish while swimming. Which of the following would not be a symptom of envenomation from the sting? -Heart palpitations -Dizziness -Painful, red lesions -Muscle cramps

Heart palpations

On a hot afternoon, a 64-year-old obese male with no discernible medical history complains of weakness and muscle cramps. He has a rapid heartbeat. Which of the following is most likely? -Heat exhaustion -Heat cramps -Acute coronary syndrome -Heat stroke

Heat exhaustion

Which of the following is a cause of flushed skin? -Hypoglycemia -Heat overexposure -Decompensated shock -Late-stage hypoxia

Heat exposure

A trauma patient has sustained a blunt force injury to the costovertebral region. Which of the following would be most indicative of a kidney injury? -Melena -Hematuria -Hematemesis -Epistaxis

Hematuria

Which of the following is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body? -Lactic acid -Hemoglobin -Platelets -Carbonic acid

Hemoglobin

A 66-year-old male with a history of chronic hypertension complains of a sudden-onset headache and nausea. The patient reports a strange feeling in his left arm and weakness, numbness, and tingling in his left leg. During the interview, his explanations become confusing, and he complains of visual disturbances. On a physical exam, his pulse is thready at 126 beats per minute, his respiration rate is 20 breaths per minute, and his breathing is not labored. His blood pressure is 218/130 mm Hg. What is most likely occurring? -Migraine headache -Acute coronary syndrome -Transient ischemic attack -Hemorrhagic stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke

Which of the following is not a potential prehospital treatment for an active myocardial infarction? -Nitroglycerin -Plavix -Heparin -Aspirin

Heparin

A 66-year-old male complains of right upper quadrant pain and general malaise. He has a yellowish tint to his skin and sclera. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his complaints and findings? -Pneumonia -Pancreatitis -Chronic renal failure -Hepatitis

Hepatitis

An alert and oriented patient may be suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Which of the following is the best treatment for this patient? -Low-flow oxygen via nasal cannula -Insertion of an airway adjunct -High-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask -Assisted ventilation via bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen

High-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask

An adult patient has widespread burns from an explosion. He has superficial, partial, and full-thickness burns over a large portion of his body. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment regimen? -Low-flow oxygen and flowing sterile water for pain relief -High-flow oxygen and dry occlusive dressings following burn ointment application -High-flow oxygen, dry sterile dressings, treatment for shock, and maintenance of body temperature -Low-flow oxygen, moist sterile dressings, and maintenance of body temperature

High-flow oxygen, dry sterile dressings, treatment for shock, and maintenance of body temperature

Which of the following is not a contraindication to the administration of aspirin to a patient with chest pain? -History of myocardial infarction -Allergy to aspirin -Asthma -Bleeding disorders

History of myocardial infarction

Which of the following signs or symptoms is most likely to be associated with a heat-related emergency? -Hot, dry skin -High diastolic blood pressure -Moist mucosa -Decreased body temperature

Hot, dry skin

An adult female patient with a history of type 2 diabetes complains of dark urine and generalized weakness for the last few days. Her respirations are 18 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation of 92%. Her pulse is 126 beats per minute, and her blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. After high-flow oxygen therapy, her blood glucose is 650 mg/dL. If the patient does not receive medical intervention, which of the following is most likely to occur? -Alkalosis -Infection -Chronic renal failure -Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

An adult took an overdose of diazepam, a benzodiazepine. Which of the following symptoms would be expected during the physical examination? -Hypersomnolence -Hyperactivity -Nervousness -Tachycardia

Hypersomnolence

An adult patient reports taking a newly prescribed opioid pain medication. Which of the following is not a feature of opioid use/overdose? -Bradypnea -Hypertension -Cyanosis -Sedation

Hypertension

Which of the following is not a common cause of altered mental status? -Hypertension -Trauma -Hypoglycemia -Hypothermia

Hypertension

Which of the following is not a common side effect of nitroglycerin? -Headache -Hypertension -Vasodilation -Tachycardia

Hypertension

Which of the following will not interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter? -Hypertension -Carbon monoxide poisoning -Hypovolemia -Hypothermia

Hypertension

A 23-year-old female is breathing at a rate of 45 breaths per minute and is visibly upset. She has no known medical conditions and takes no medications. She reports numbness and tingling in her hands. From which of the following is the patient most likely suffering? -Pneumonia -Diabetic ketoacidosis -Hyperventilation -Aspirin overdose

Hyperventilation

A 25-year-old female has an altered mental status. Bystanders state the patient was acting fine until her mental status changed suddenly. You observe an insulin pump. Which of the following is a likely cause of her altered mental status? -Drug intoxication -Hyperglycemia -Hypoglycemia -Alcohol intoxication

Hypoglycemia

A 32-year-old male patient appears to be intoxicated. Bystanders report that the patient seemed to be fine until he suddenly began acting drunk. His pupils are normal, and his skin is pale, cool and clammy. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms? -Allergic reaction -Opioid use -Alcohol abuse -Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia

A 50-year-old female is trapped in a car after a motor vehicle collision. She is conscious and alert but states she cannot move. Her passenger has died due to injuries sustained in the accident. There is severe compartment intrusion and damage to the car. After assessment and treatment of life-threatening conditions, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Obtain a set of vital signs -Identify the patient's priority and prepare for rapid transport -Determine the patient's chief complaint -Obtain a SAMPLE history

Identify the patient's priority and prepare for rapid transport

Which of the following is not true regarding interventions for fractures? -When splinting a fracture, assess the patient's neurovascular status before and after splinting. -If a joint is locked, do not manipulate the limb excessively. -When dealing with a hand fracture, splint the hand in a position of function. -If bone ends are protruding, attempt to push them back into place.

If bone ends are protruding attempt to push them back into place.

A 55-year-old male has an extensive cardiac history and may be experiencing cardiac compromise. When is the most appropriate time to attach automated external defibrillator (AED) pads? -When his condition starts to deteriorate -Upon learning that his cardiac history includes previous acute myocardial infarction -If he becomes pulseless and apneic -If assisted administration of nitroglycerin does not alleviate his chest pain

If he becomes pulseless and apneic

A five-year-old is unconscious and breathing inadequately. When an oropharyngeal airway is inserted, which of the following is true? -Hyperextend the neck to move the tongue out of the way. -The only way to measure an oropharyngeal airway is to use Broselow tape. -Oropharyngeal airways should be used for patients who have ingested caustic products to induce vomiting of the substance and ease suctioning. -If the airway is too large, it may obstruct the larynx.

If the airway is too large, it may obstruct the larynx.

Under what circumstances should a patient's dentures be removed in order to provide assisted ventilation? -If an oropharyngeal airway is being placed -If severe head trauma has occurred -If the dentures are loose -In every case

If the dentures are loose

An adult patient suddenly develops respiratory distress after a bee sting. Under medical direction, when can epinephrine be administered? -If the patient is in severe respiratory distress or arrest -If the medication has been stored in a refrigerator -If the medication has been prescribed for this patient by their physician -If the patient has no history of heart disease

If the medication has been prescribed for this patient by their physician

A 36-year-old female with a history of asthma is in respiratory distress with wheezing and labored respirations. Her vitals are as follows: blood pressure 160/96 heart rate 88 respiratory rate 26 SpO2% 89% Which of the following meets the criteria for the assistance of a metered-dose inhaler? -If the patient has a prescribed inhaler and medical-direction approval is obtained -If the patient has an inhaler but is unable to use it due to altered mental status from hypoxia -If your service carries rescue inhalers for the administration of albuterol -If she has an expired inhaler for COPD

If the patient has a prescribed inhaler and medical-direction approval is obtained

An adult patient has substernal chest pain. In which of the following situations should nitroglycerin be withheld? -If the patient has a history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) -If the patient is experiencing non-radiating chest pain -If the patient has taken tadalafil (Cialis) within the past 24 hours -If the patient's diastolic blood pressure is 80 mm Hg

If the patient has take tadalafil (cialis) within the past 24 hours

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) has been attached inappropriately to a patient. In which of the following situations will the AED mistakenly advise a shock to the patient? -If the patient has a pulse and a regular electrical rhythm -If the patient is pulseless and is in asystole -If the patient is responsive, has a pulse, and is in ventricular tachycardia -If the patient is pulseless and has a regular electrical rhythm

If the patient is responsive, has a pulse, and is in ventricular tachycardia

When is it appropriate to elevate an extremity to assist in the control of bleeding? -If arterial bleeding is present -If no skeletal injury is present in the extremity -If a pressure dressing does not adequately control bleeding -If there are no impaled objects, un-splinted fractures, or risks to other wounds

If there are no impaled objects, un-splinted fractures, or risks to other wounds

Which of the following is a criterion for performing an emergency move? -Anxious patient -Unresponsive patient -Severe rain without lightning -Immediate danger to the patient

Immediate danger to the patient

A 62-year-old male complains of chest discomfort. During the evaluation, he suddenly becomes unconscious, pulseless, and apneic. You have an AED on hand. Which of the following is the appropriate first step? -Immediately start CPR, place the AED, and analyze when compressions are paused -Immediately start CPR, place the AED, and analyze after 5 minutes of CPR -Provide assisted ventilation -Immediately place the AED and analyze before starting CPR

Immediately start CPR, place the AED, and analyze when compressions are paused

Which of the following is generally not included in a patient care report? -Immunization record -Objective findings -Subjective findings -Transfer of patient care

Immunization record

Which of the following is not part of the SAMPLE mnemonic? -Signs and symptoms -Immunization status -Events leading to injury/illness -Medications

Immunization status

A 7-year-old male has been struck by a car. The police are unable to reach his parents. Which of the following gives the authorization for care? -Implied consent -Expressed consent -Medical control -Standing orders

Implied consent

Which of the following principles allows an emergency medical technician to treat and transport an adult patient who is intoxicated? -Implied consent -Advance directive -Expressed consent -Informed consent

Implied consent

You find an unconscious adult patient with no one present who knows them. What type of consent is needed prior to initiating care and transport of this patient to the appropriate medical facility? -Implied consent -No need for consent -Implicit consent -In loco guardianos

Implied consent

What is the definition of implied consent? -Implied consent is the consent given by a physician. -Implied consent is the consent given by a family member. -Implied consent is the consent given by a conscious patient of a sound mind. -Implied consent is the consent given by an unconscious patient or a patient who is incapable of making an informed decision.

Implied consent is the consent given by an unconscious patient or a patient who is incapable of making an informed decision.

An adult male has ineffective spontaneous respirations. His ventilations are assisted with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen. Which of the following is the most reliable indicator that ventilations are being delivered effectively? -Improved skin color -Pulse rate -Respiratory rate -Diminished breath sounds

Improved skin color

Which of the following is a contraindication to oral glucose? -Inability to swallow -Altered mental status -Unknown blood glucose level -Prior insulin use

Inability to swallow

You are at your station having lunch when there is a knock on the door. A woman is at the door and says her father is in her car and has an altered level of consciousness. She explains he is a diabetic, and they do not have his glucose testing kit or any food with them. She asks if you could evaluate his blood sugar. You evaluate her father and find he has low blood sugar and an altered level of consciousness but follows commands. Which is a contraindication to administering oral glucose? -High blood pressure -Inability to swallow -Inability to speak -Increased respiration

Inability to swallow

Which of the following findings may indicate that a patient's tidal volume is inadequate? -Warm, dry skin with pink mucosa -Inadequate chest rise and fall during breathing -Capillary refill of less than or equal to two seconds -Elevated respiration rate

Inadequate chest rise and fall during breathing

Among infants and children, what condition causes the intercostal or substernal muscles to draw in during inspiration? -Increased work of breathing -Adequate breathing -Apnea -Shallow breathing

Increased work of breathing

What is the anatomical location of the cricoid cartilage? -Superior to the epiglottis -Within the oropharynx -Inferior to the thyroid cartilage, at the lowest portion of the larynx -At the same level as the carina

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage, at the lowest portion of the larynx

Law enforcement requests medical care for an unconscious person. Once the scene is deemed safe, assessment of the patient begins. A shotgun is noticed under the bed next to the patient. What is the appropriate next step? -If the firearm is not a concern due to the call, there is no need to address it -Ask the patient about the shotgun under the bed -Pick up the firearm and give it to the police -Inform law enforcement immediately of this discovery

Inform law enforcement immediately of this discovery

Which of the following is an effect of aspirin? -Inhibition of platelet aggregation -Anticoagulation -Prevention of stomach ulcers -Vasodilation

Inhibition of platelet aggregation

After experiencing general malaise, a 52-year-old male suddenly collapses and quickly becomes apneic and pulseless as the ambulance arrives at the hospital. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Initiate CPR -Prepare the patient and stretcher for a quick entry into the emergency department -Provide assisted ventilation -Attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) and defibrillate if indicated

Initiate CPR

An 8-month-old infant becomes unresponsive at a preschool facility. The infant has a palpable pulse of 46 beats per minute without notable respirations. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Begin assisted ventilation -Place the patient in the recovery position -Give high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions

A 58-year-old male was complaining of chest pain. As EMS arrives at the scene, he becomes unresponsive. You are not sure if you can palpate a carotid pulse. What should be done next? -Analyze the patient's rhythm via the automated external defibrillator (AED) and defibrillate while continuing to transport -Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) -Perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) -Provide assisted ventilation

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED)

An adult patient collapses and becomes pulseless after complaining of substernal chest pain. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available -Try to establish the cause of the arrest before initiating care to allow reversal -Assess the patient's level of consciousness -Quickly perform abdominal thrusts to remove any foreign body airway obstruction

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available

A 73-year-old patient is being transported to a hospital for chest pain. During transport, they suddenly become unconscious, pulseless, and apneic. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Analyze the patient's rhythm via the AED and defibrillate while continuing transport -Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, until the AED is ready to analyze -Perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram -Provide assisted ventilation

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, until the AED is ready to analyze

An adult patient is found pulseless and apneic. If three rescuers are available, what is the appropriate next step? -Initiate two-rescuer CPR, beginning analysis with an automatic external defibrillator -Initiate two-rescuer CPR, beginning with 2 rescue breaths, while the third rescuer applies an automatic external defibrillator -Initiate one-rescuer CPR, beginning with chest compressions, while two rescuers apply an automatic external defibrillator -Initiate two-rescuer CPR, beginning with chest compressions, while the third rescuer applies an automatic external defibrillator

Initiate two-rescuer CPR, beginning with chest compressions, while the third rescuer applies an automatic external defibrillator

Which of the following is considered a tertiary blast injury? -Injuries due to fires started by the blast -Injuries due to flying debris -Injuries from being hurled into a stationary object -Injuries due to the blast

Injuries from being hurled into a stationary object

An adult patient is found unresponsive. They demonstrate spontaneous respirations at a rate of 12 breaths per minute with adventitious breath sounds auscultated in both lungs. The patient has an active gag reflex and a strong carotid pulse. What is the most appropriate next step? -0Suction the patient's airway -Insert an oropharyngeal airway -Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and apply high-flow oxygen therapy -Begin mouth-to-mask ventilation

Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and apply high-flow oxygen therapy

A 70-year-old female began showing signs of confusion, facial droop, nausea/vomiting, and right-sided weakness while watching TV, per her family. Prior to EMS arrival, the patient became unconscious. She is breathing at a rate of 16 breaths per minute with snoring respirations. She has a pulse rate of 100 beats per minute with a blood pressure of 190/120 mm Hg. Her gag reflex is intact. The patient starts to show signs of hypoxia. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate after opening her airway? -Insert a nasopharyngeal airway, apply high-flow oxygen, and initiate rapid transport -Monitor vital signs and initiate rapid transport -Insert an oropharyngeal airway, apply low-flow oxygen, and initiate rapid transport -Insert an oropharyngeal airway, assist ventilation using a bag-valve mask, and initiate rapid transport

Insert a nasopharyngeal airway, apply high-flow oxygen, and initiate rapid transport

A 72-year-old male states that his wife recently died in a car accident. He is depressed and speaks of wanting to join his wife in heaven. During history taking, many pills are noted in a bowl on his dining table. Which of the following is the greatest concern? -Intentional overdose -Opioid withdrawal -Multiple medical conditions -Accidental overdose

Intentional overdoes

A 24-year-old male is found semi-conscious after an assault. Minimal external blood loss is noted, his skin is cool and clammy, and his heart rate is fast. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his symptoms? -Internal bleeding -Spinal injury -Respiratory distress -Increased intracranial pressure

Internal bleeding

A 20-year-old male has a suspected closed head injury and a closed femur fracture. He feels cool and clammy and appears anxious. The patient's respirations are 22 breaths per minute, his heart rate is 120 beats per minute, and his blood pressure is 100/48 mm Hg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of shock in this case? -Internal bleeding from a disrupted aorta -Pain from the suspected femur fracture -Internal bleeding around the femur fracture -Closed head injury

Internal bleeding around the femur fracture

A 75-year-old female complains of severe upper right quadrant abdominal pain. She also notes intermittent pain from her abdomen to her right shoulder. Her abdomen is rigid and distended. Which of the following is most likely? -Bleeding ulcer -Mallory-Weiss tear -Internal bleeding secondary to a lacerated spleen -Internal bleeding secondary to a lacerated liver

Internal bleeding secondary to a lacerated liver

Which of the following types of motor vehicle accidents involving an ambulance is most common? -Failing to stop -Hydroplaning crashes -Crashes into other emergency vehicles -Intersection crashes

Intersection crashes

Which of the following is considered a parenteral route of medication administration? -Inhalation -Oral -Transcutaneous -Intramuscular

Intramuscular

A 65-year-old female patient was stung multiple times by wasps and presents in respiratory distress with wheezing and confusion. She is able to follow only simple commands. The patient's skin is flushed, and urticaria is noted. Physical examination reveals diffuse bilateral expiratory wheezes, tachycardia, and extremities that are cool to the touch. Which of the following is the appropriate treatment? -Racemic epinephrine -Oral diphenhydramine -Intramuscular epinephrine -Oxygen

Intramuscular epinephrine

An adult patient presents with hives, hypotension, and wheezing on inspiration. Which of the following interventions would most likely benefit this patient? -Oral ondansetron -Oral diphenhydramine -Intramuscular epinephrine -Albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler

Intramuscular epinephrine

Which of the following is an early sign of respiratory distress? -Bradypnea -Bradycardia -Irritability -Lethargy

Irritability

Which of the following statements regarding a non-rebreather mask is false? -The recommended flow rate for a non-rebreather mask is 10-15 litrs per minute. -Leaving the mask in place without flowing oxygen will cause the patient to rebreathe exhaled carbon dioxide. -It provides a lower concentration of oxygen. -It contains a reservoir bag that must be filled with oxygen prior to placement on the patient's face.

It provides a lower concentration of oxygen

A 10-year-old male is found unconscious from an unknown mechanism of injury. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to open his airway? -Jaw-thrust maneuver -Padding the shoulders and placing the head in a "sniffing" position -Modified head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver -Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver

Jaw-thrust maneuver

Which of the following techniques would be an appropriate way to open a patient's airway if the mechanism of injury is unknown? -Jaw-thrust maneuver -Head-tilt maneuver -Placement of padding under the shoulders and maintaining C-spine control while pulling the lower jaw with free fingers -Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver

Jaw-thrust maneuver

Which of the following is a sign of increased pressure within the chest, secondary to a cardiac tamponade? -Palpable carotid pulse -Hypertension -Expansion of the lungs -Jugular vein distension

Jugular vein distention

Which of the following drugs is a hallucinogen? -Alcohol -Amphetamine -Cocaine -Ketamine

Katamine

What is the appropriate way to lift a heavy patient? -Lift with palms facing downward and flexing the knees -Keep the back straight, place the legs shoulder-width apart, and bend at the knees -Keep the legs straight and locked at the knees, bend at the waist, and lift with the back -Lift with palms facing downward and bending at the waist

Keep the back straight, place the legs shoulder-width apart, and bend at the knees

Which of the following is true regarding the proper lifting technique? -Keep your feet as close together as possible -Bending the legs until a standing position is achieved -Keep the patient as close to your body as possible -Keep the center of gravity toward the back of your feet and legs

Keep the patient as close to your body as possible

Which of the following is not considered part of the correct procedure for lifting and moving patients? -Avoid twisting of one's body while lifting -Constantly communicate with other partners or team members -Keep the back in a straight, locked-in position -Keep the patient's weight as far away from one's body as possible

Keep the patient's weight as far away from one's body as possible

Which of the following is an example of patient advocacy? -Assuring daily rig checks are completed -Keeping the needs of the patient at the center of care -Being able to speak multiple languages -Holding others in high regard or importance

Keeping the needs of the patient at the center of care

A 19-year-old male presents with costovertebral angle tenderness with guarding. He is conscious with a respiration rate of 16 breaths per minute, a pulse rate of 108 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 138/80 mm Hg. He denies any injury and states that the pain began this morning when he awoke. Which of the following organs is most likely involved? -Gallbladder -Pancreas -Liver -Kidneys

Kidneys

Which of the following is the cause of angina pectoris? -Cardiac chest pain -Inability to maintain cardiac output -Lack of adequate oxygenation to the heart -Insufficient power to create adequate cardiac output

Lack of adequate oxygenation to the heart

What is the definition of ischemia? -Flow of blood through body tissues and vessels -Blockage -Death of body tissue -Lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from a partial or complete blockage of blood flow

Lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from a partial or complete blockage of blood flow

Which anatomical structure marks the end of the upper airway and the beginning of the lower airway? -Glottis -Larynx -Carina -Oropharynx

Larynx

A 62-year-old obese patient complains of abdominal pain. She is conscious and alert but anxious. Her skin is cool and clammy, her heart rate is fast, and she may be experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following would be most appropriate in this case? -Lay the patient flat on her left side (left lateral recumbent) -Lay the patient face down (prone) -Sit the patient upright (Fowler or semi-Fowler) -Lay the patient flat on her back (supine)

Lay the patient flat on her back (supine)

You are called to a residential living facility where you find an 80-year-old female pulseless and apneic. The staff performs compressions while you manage the airway. Before placing the oropharyngeal airway, you notice the patient has dentures that are firmly intact. How would you proceed? -Leave the dentures in place -Remove the dentures -Use a nasopharyngeal airway instead of an oropharyngeal airway -Place the oropharyngeal airway, then remove the dentures

Leave the dentures in place

A female patient is complaining of stomach pain. She reports a history of peptic ulcers. In which region of the abdomen is the stomach located? -Left lower quadrant -Left upper quadrant -Right lower quadrant -Right upper quadrant

Left upper quadrant

Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? -Left ventricle -Right ventricle -Right atrium -Left atrium

Left ventricle

Which of the following patient behaviors suggests hypothermia? -Rapid, fluent speech -Complaints of a headache -Lethargy -Extreme thirst

Lethargy

Which of the following is an appropriate strategy while moving a patient to the ambulance? -Lift with palms facing up -Bend the back to provide extra leverage -Twist your body to maneuver around the patient -Lift with the arms turned in and palms facing down

Lift with palms facing up

Which of the following obstetrical situations requires hospital intervention to correct? -Meconium in the amniotic fluid -Crowning -Birth of multiples -Limb presentation

Limb presentation

Which of the following is not an appropriate strategy for managing stress? -Limit physical exercise until you feel better -Talk about feelings with trusted people -Practice meditation -Limit tobacco use

Limit physical exercise until you feel better

An elderly patient is in cardiac arrest, and a family member presents a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order. Which of the following is commonly required for a DNR to be valid? -List of medical problems -Events leading to cardiac arrest -List of medications -List of allergies

List of medical problems

If injured, which of the following will likely result in the greatest blood loss? -Gallbladder -Liver -Appendix -Stomach

Liver

Which of the following best describes the proper stance in preparation for a power lift? -Balance all weight on one leg -Lock the back in a slight curve and spread and bend the legs -Bend at the waist and lift with the arms -Firmly plant the legs and do not move them prior to lifting

Lock the back in a slight curve and spread and bend the legs

An unconscious patient is found with blood and possibly broken teeth or debris in the upper airway. What is the best way to clear the patient's airway safely and effectively? -Log-roll the patient to the side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger, clearing only visible foreign bodies -Log-roll the patient to the side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger using a blind finger sweep -Apply a non-rebreather mask with high-flow oxygen and allow the secretions to drain into the stomach -Use a rigid catheter to suction away the debris

Log-roll the patient to the side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger, clearing only visible foreign bodies

A 90-year-old female is found lying supine on the floor, appearing unconscious. Upon examination, she is unresponsive. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Look for absent breathing or only gasping and check the pulse simultaneously -Roll the patient onto her side to prevent aspiration of vomitus -Administer rescue breathing at a rate of one breath every five seconds -Immediately begin chest compressions

Look for absent breathing or only gasping and check the pulse

A 73-year-old male is prone in his front yard. He is unresponsive with a good pulse and adequate respirations. No witnesses to the event are present, and no family members are available to give an adequate history. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Roll the patient into a supine position and apply ammonia inhalants -Maintain inline cervical stabilization, apply a cervical collar, and log-roll the patient with assistance onto a long backboard -Roll the patient into a supine position and perform a sternal rub to assess the level of responsiveness -Assess the patient's blood sugar prior to assessing for injuries

Maintain inline cervical stabilization, apply a cervical collar, and log-roll the patient with assistance onto a long backboard

A 17-year-old male fell from a ladder approximately 30 feet onto concrete. He is semiconscious. After in-line C-spine stabilization is completed, which of the following is most important? -Provide oxygen -Immobilize the patient's spine with a cervical collar -Manage the airway -Transport the patient immediately

Manage the airway

Following a two-car collision, one vehicle has power lines across the top of the car. A crowd is standing nearby. Which of the following is the appropriate step? -Move the power lines away from the vehicle to prevent further injury -Ask the patient to jump from the vehicle -Mark a perimeter around the downed wire and do not enter the scene -Perform an emergency move without touching the ground and the car frame at the same time

Mark a perimeter around the downed wire and do not enter the scene

Which of the following is a maternal risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)? -High birth weight -Low birth weight -Maternal age under 20 years -Minimal maternal weight gain during pregnancy

Materal age under 20 years

An unconscious three-year-old is in need of an Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) to keep his tongue away from his posterior airway. Which of the following is considered the best way to determine the appropriately sized OPA for a pediatric patient? -Measure using a length-based resuscitation tape (Broselow tape) -Measure by placing the OPA at the tip of the lateral incisors and the flange approximately at the hard palate -Measure by placing the flange at the nose and the OPA at the lower jaw -Measure by placing the flange at the corner of the patients mouth and the OPA at the tip of the nose

Measure using a length-based resuscitation tape (Broselow tape)

A nearly full-term pregnant female called for assistance after discovering that her water broke; she noted green fluid in the discharge at that time. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this observation? -Meconium staining -Nuchal cord -Preeclampsia -Unruptured amniotic sac

Meconium staining

Who authorizes EMS personnel to provide medical care in the field? -Emergency medical responder -Medical director -Medical control -Emergency medical dispatch

Medical director

You arrive at a private residence after receiving a dispatch for a woman in labor. Upon arrival, you find a 32-year-old female with an infant on her chest. She says that she delivered the baby approximately five minutes ago. While you are assessing the infant and mother, the placenta delivers. You load your patients on the gurney and start transport. En route to the hospital, the mother appears pale and says she feels like she wet the gurney. When you lift the sheet, you notice a large amount of blood. What is the best treatment to control the bleeding? -Elevate the legs -Pack the vagina with gauze pads -Massage the uterus -Hold the patient's legs together

Message the uterus

Which of the following is not a cause of hyperventilation? -Metabolic Acidosis -Metabolic alkalosis -Asthma -Panic attack

Metabolic alkalosis

To effectively suction a patient when using a fixed suction unit, what vacuum pressure is needed when the tubing is clamped? -More than 40 mm Hg -More than 300 mm Hg -More than 200 mm Hg -More than 100 mm Hg

More than 300 mm Hg

Which of the following is the most common cause of brain injury? -Blast injuries -Motor vehicle crashes -Gunshot wounds -Blood clots

Motor vehicle crashes

Which of the following is the appropriate intervention for a patient having an active seizure? -Place a bite block in the patient's mouth to protect their tongue -Move objects out of the patient's way -Hold the patient's head firmly on a pillow to prevent injury -Restrain the patient to prevent injury

Move objects out of the patient's way

Which of the following patients is most likely to deliver her baby before transport? -Multigravida 24-year-old patient with visible crowning and contractions that are two minutes apart, lasting 60 seconds -Primigravida 26-year-old patient with contractions that are five minutes apart, lasting 30 seconds with a recent bloody show -Primigravida 31-year-old patient with contractions that are three minutes apart, lasting 30 seconds -Multigravida 32-year-old patient with contractions that are four minutes apart, lasting 45 seconds

Multigravida 24-year-old patient with visible crowning and contractions that are two minutes apart, lasting 60 seconds

What is the name of the middle layer of the heart? -Myocardium -Pericardium -Epicardium -Endocardium

Myocardium

An adult male who took a drug overdose in a suicide attempt, per 911 dispatch, is unconscious with shallow breathing and a slow pulse. He is exhibiting constricted pupils and cyanosis. Which of the following drug types is the most likely cause of this patient's overdose? -Sympathomimetic -Benzodiazepine -Antihistamine -Narcotic

Narcotic

Which of the following does not commonly happen during an asthma attack? -Narrowing pulse pressure -Tachypnea -Accessory muscle usage -Agitation

Narrowing pulse pressure

An unresponsive patient has an active gag reflex and requires an airway adjunct. Which of the following is indicated in this situation? -Nasopharyngeal airway -Oropharyngeal airway -Laryngeal mask airway device -Combitube

Nasopharyngeal airway

Which of the following terms indicates the portion of the airway located above the roof of the mouth and the soft palate? -Epiglottis -Nasopharynx -Oropharynx -Trachea

Nasopharynx

An appropriately trained EMT did not provide adequate ventilation during resuscitation, and a patient died as a result. Which of the following has occurred? -Defamation -Battery -Malpractice -Negligence

Negligence

An on-duty EMT refuses to initiate care for a patient who is rude but not verbally or physically abusive. The EMT stays on the scene until an alternate unit arrives. The patient dies as a result of the delay in care. Which of the following has occurred? -Assault -Abandonment -Battery -Negligence

Negligence

An adult female patient was involved in a motor vehicle crash with major compartment intrusion. She is conscious but disoriented with a current Glasgow Coma Scale score of nine. She is hypotensive and bradycardic with a thready, irregular carotid pulse. Her abdomen is flat and non-tender on palpation. Her extremities remain warm and dry, and she extends her legs when stimuli are applied. Which of the following types of shock is most likely causing these findings? -Hypovolemic shock -Cardiogenic shock -Septic shock -Neurogenic shock

Neurogenic shock

In addition to DCAP-BTLS, which of the following should be assessed in the extremities of a trauma patient? -Retractions -Paradoxical motion -Reflexes -Neurovascular status

Neurovascular status

Which of the following statements is true regarding splinting? -Clothing should be left on suspected fractures when splinting. -Neurovascular status should be assessed before and after splinting. -Move a potentially affected limb to assess for crepitus prior to splinting. -Stabilize the bone immediately above and below a suspected fracture but allow for mobility of adjacent joints.

Neurovascular status should be assessed before and after splinting.

A 56-year-old male patient complains of chest pain. He has a history of angina pectoris. Which of the following medications is most likely to alleviate his pain, if it is cardiac-related? -Nitroglycerin -Furosemide -Acetaminophen -Aspirin

Nitroglycerin

Which of the following medications relaxes the muscles of blood vessel walls, dilates coronary arteries, increases blood flow and oxygen supply to heart muscles, and decreases the workload of the heart? -Nitroglycerin -Epinephrine -Albuterol -Aspirin

Nitroglycerin

Which of the following statements is true regarding nitroglycerin? -Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator. -Nitroglycerin is indicated for patients with any type of chest pain. -Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients with a systolic blood pressure under 110 mm Hg. -Nitroglycerin should not be used for patients who have taken erectile dysfunction medication within the previous week.

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator.

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to injectable epinephrine use in a life-threatening allergic situation? -No contraindications -Angle-closure glaucoma -Hypertension -Pregnancy when maternal systolic blood pressure is over 130 mm Hg

No contraindications

Which of the following is a sign of increased intracranial pressure? -Anxiety -Non-reactive pupils -Tachycardia -Hypotension

Non-reactive pupils

A 12-year-old patient has epistaxis from an injury they received while playing basketball. Which treatment option is appropriate at this time? -Pack the nose with rolled four-inch gauze -Have the patient lay supine and apply ice over the nose -Have the patient lean their head back and apply direct pressure for at least five minutes by pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils -None of these are recommended treatments

None of these are recommended treatments

A four-month-old male is bleeding from his head. EMS has been to this home several times before to treat this child's injuries. The injuries sustained do not match the child's age and ability. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Notify the proper authorities -Immediately take the child from the parents and transport him to the hospital -Ask further questions to ensure no child abuse is occurring -Confront the parents about the inconsistencies

Notify the proper authorities

Jugular vein distension can occur in which type of shock? =Cardiogenic shock -Septic shock -Neurogenic shock -Obstructive shock

Obstructive shock

You are at the emergency department and are checking up on a patient you transported this morning. You and your partner could not figure out what might be wrong with the patient as the signs and symptoms were unusual. The nursing supervisor tells you that the patient had a massive and centrally located pulmonary embolism. What type of shock can occur with this diagnosis? -Anaphylactic shock -Septic shock -Neurogenic shock -Obstructive shock

Obstructive shock

A 62-year-old female complains of mild chest discomfort. She is conscious, alert, and oriented. She thinks she may have heartburn, although she does have a cardiac history. She is prescribed nitroglycerin but was scared to take it while she was alone. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Assist the patient with nitroglycerin to relieve the chest pain -Obtain vital signs and apply high-flow oxygen -Have her sign a refusal and return to service -Apply automated external defibrillator (AED) pads in case the patient deteriorates rapidly

Obtain vital signs and apply high-flow oxygen

Which of the following agencies would enforce proper placement of sharps containers and disinfection in ambulances? -National Incident Management System (NIMS) -Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) -Department of Transportation (DOT) -Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A 20-year-old patient was involved in a motorcycle crash while not wearing a helmet. The patient is conscious but disoriented. He has a large hematoma on the right side of his head. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to transport this patient? -On a long backboard with full spinal motion restriction, including a cervical collar -On a stretcher in the recovery position to avoid aspirating vomit -On a stretcher in a semi-Fowler position with an ice pack over the hematoma to avoid swelling or increased bleeding -With a Kendrick extrication device and a dressing applied to the hematoma

On a long backboard with full spinal motion restriction, including a cervical collar

An unresponsive 40-year-old male is apneic and cyanotic. He has a weak carotid pulse of 48 beats per minute. Rescue breathing via a bag-valve mask with a reservoir and supplemental oxygen is initiated. What is the appropriate ventilation rate for this patient? -One breath every other second until his heart rate improves -One breath every 10 seconds to match his low cardiac output -One breath every two seconds until the patient's color improves -One breath every five seconds to mimic a normal respiration rate

One breath every fice seconds to mimic a normal respiration rate

A 16-year-old patient is lethargic and not breathing adequately. Assisted ventilation is initiated. What is the appropriate rate of assisted ventilation for this patient? -One breath every three seconds -One breath every four seconds -One breath every two seconds -One breath every five seconds

One breath every five seconds

What is the best way to ventilate an apneic adult patient when at least two rescuers are available? -One rescuer inserts an oral or nasopharyngeal airway while another rescuer applies oxygen via a nasal cannula and a third rescuer administers ventilation via the one-rescuer bag-valve masking technique. -One rescuer maintains a good mask seal by securing the mask to the patients face with two hands while the other rescuer ventilates the patient with a bag-valve mask. -One rescuer ventilates the patient using mouth-to-mask ventilations while the other rescuer inserts an oral or nasophyaryngeal airway. -One rescuer maintains a good mask seal by securing the mask to the patients face with two hands while the other rescuer ventilates the patient using mouth-to-mask ventilations.

One rescuer maintains a good mask seal by securing the mask to the patients face with two hands while the other rescuer ventilates the patient with a bag-valve mask.

In which of the following settings would an occlusive dressing not be required? -Open neck injury -Evisceration -Open humeral fracture -Open pneumothorax

Open humeral fracture

A 32-year-old male was involved in a construction accident. He is unconscious and has snoring respirations. The patient has an obvious wound on his left upper arm that is bleeding. After ensuring scene safety and donning appropriate protective gear, what is the EMT's most appropriate next step? -Apply oxygen -Apply a tourniquet to the wound -Apply direct pressure to the wound -Open the airway

Open the airway

An adult trauma patient is unresponsive but breathing at a rate of 12 breaths per minute with snoring respiration. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention? -Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine stabilization and apply an oropharyngeal airway -Open the airway using a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine stabilization and apply an oropharyngeal airway -Open the airway using a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine stabilization and apply a nasopharyngeal airway -Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine stabilization and provide assisted ventilation using a bag-valve mask

Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine stabilization and apply an oropharyngeal airway

An unconscious adult patient has an active gag reflex and snoring respirations. Which of the following is most appropriate? -Tilt the patient's head back slowly and ventilate using a bag-valve mask -Open the patient's airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver and insert an oropharyngeal airway -Insert a laryngeal mask airway and confirm the ventilation port -Open the patient's airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver and insert a nasopharyngeal airway

Open the patient's airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver and insert a nasopharyngeal airway

Which types of questions allow for free conversation and encourage the patient to direct the provider to their complaint? -Closed-ended questions -Open-ended questions -Multiple-choice questions -Yes/no questions

Open-ended questions

Which of the following is an appropriate intervention during the triage of a mass-casualty incident? -Initiating CPR on an unresponsive, pulseless patient -Covering a mildly hypothermic patient -Opening the airway of an unconscious patient with a pulse -Splinting a patient with a wrist fracture

Opening the airway of an unconscious patient with a pulse

A 19-year-old female is complaining of general malaise and shortness of breath. She is sweaty, is breathing very shallowly, and has pinpoint pupils. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her signs and symptoms? -Sympathomimetic overdose -Tension pneumothorax -Opioid overdose -Sedative overdose

Opioid overdose

Which of the following interventions should be implemented first as soon as hypovolemic shock is suspected? -Control of obvious external non-life-threatening bleeding -Prevention of the loss of body heat using blankets -Oxygen supplementation and assisted ventilation if needed -Splinting of individual extremity fractures

Oxygen supplementation and assidted ventilation if needed

By which of the following routes is an auto-injectable syringe of epinephrine administered? -Buccal -Enteral -Sublingual -Parenteral

Parenteral

What is the definition of a thromboembolism? -Flow of blood through tissues and vessels -Death of body tissue -Part of a blood clot -Herniation of the endothelium

Part of a blood clot

There are three concepts of energy associated with traumatic injuries. Which of the following is not one of the concepts of energy? -Potential energy -Energy of work -Kinetic energy -Partial energy

Partical energy

A 32-year-old male is hypothermic after swimming in an icy river. Although he emerged from the river within a few minutes, he is showing a diminished level of consciousness. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Passive rewarming -Encouraging the patient to walk to improve circulation -Active rewarming -Massaging the extremities to increase circulation

Passive rewarming

Which of the following is a contraindication to an oropharyngeal airway? -Patient is unconscious -Patient has no gag reflex -Patient requires ventilation -Patient is conscious

Patient is conscious

Which of the following is known as the sniffing position? -Patient lying flat on their back -Patient sitting and leaning forward on outstretched arms with the head and chin thrust slightly forward -Patient sitting upright with the head elevated -Patient sitting upright with the head and chin thrust slightly forward

Patient sitting upright with the head and chin thrust slightly forward

Which of the following statements is true regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? -Patients commonly present with pink, frothy sputum. -Patients with COPD typically have elements of chronic bronchitis and emphysema but rarely one or the other. -Liver failure due to cor pulmonale often results from COPD. -Repeated infections are the most common cause of COPD.

Patients with COPD typically have elements of chronic bronchitis and emphysema but rarely one or the other.

A trauma patient has sustained several fractures. Which of the following fractures would be considered the most critical injury? -Tibia fracture -Femoral shaft fracture -Pelvic fracture -Humerus fracture

Pelvic fracture

An unrestrained male is driving a car at 55 miles per hour and strikes a pole. Which of the following is the most likely injury he will sustain when his knees strike the dashboard? -Fibula fracture -Tibia fracture -Patella fracture -Pelvic fracture

Pelvic fracture

Which of the following has the potential to cause the most internal bleeding? -Shoulder dislocation -Humerus fracture -Pelvic fracture -Femur fracture

Pelvic fracture

Bystanders called for assistance for a 70-year-old man who is choking on food. He is conscious, not able to speak or breathe effectively on his own, and waving for help. The patient's wife presents an appropriately documented do-not-resuscitate order. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Perform abdominal thrusts -Coach the patient to get him to cough -Withhold treatment and contact medical direction -Do nothing

Perform abdominal thrusts

An unresponsive adult fell 25 feet onto concrete, according to witnesses. No obvious life threats to the patient are apparent. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Perform a sternal rub to assure loss of consciousness -Ask more detailed questions of bystanders to determine the height from which he fell -Perform in-line stabilization and open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver -Open the airway normally and begin ventilations

Perform in-line stabilization and open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver

An unresponsive and apneic 2-month-old has a palpable brachial pulse of 70 beats per minute but is not breathing. After a ventilation attempt, the child's chest does not adequately rise. If repositioning does not open the airway, which of the following actions would be most appropriate? -Provide 100% oxygen via a bag-valve mask and transport -Adjust the size of the mask -Perform a blind finger sweep to remove any obstructions -Perform one cycle of chest compressions and attempt to visualize the obstruction

Perform one cycle of chest compressions and attempt to visualize the obstruction

A conscious adult patient has a complete foreign-body airway obstruction. The patient is unable to speak or cough. What is the best way to clear the obstruction? -Perform chest thrusts -Perform the abdominal thrust maneuver -Try blind finger sweeps to clear the airway -Attempt to suction the object with a rigid suction catheter

Perform the abdominal thrust maneuver

An unconscious trauma patient has an adequate radial pulse and snoring respirations at a rate of 16 breaths per minute. Which of the following should be performed to correct these snoring respirations? -Suction the airway -Roll the patient on his side and perform a blind finger sweep of the airway -Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver -Perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver

Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver

A 23-year-old patient is found unresponsive at the bottom of a staircase with no obvious signs of trauma. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Insert an oropharyngeal airway and assist ventilation with a bag-valve mask -Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining C-spine control -Perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver -Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and maintain C-spine control until additional help arrives

Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining C-spine control

In an uninjured limb of a pediatric patient, capillary refill time may indicate which of the following? -Blood pressure -Perfusion -Blood return -Vasodilation

Perfusion

What is the fibrous sac around the heart called? -Myocardium -Pericardium -Peritoneum -Mediastinum

Pericardium

An infant receives a 1 for skin color during an Apgar assessment. Which of the following signs must be evident? -Peripheral cyanosis -Central pontine demyelination -Neonatal sepsis -Cardiac insufficiency

Peripheral cyanosis

Which of the following is not a result of left ventricular heart failure? -Pink, frothy sputum -Pulmonary edema -Peripheral edema -Crackles

Peripheral edema

What is an EMT's primary concern? -Scene safety -Patient safety -Personal safety -Bystander safety

Personal safety

Which of the following should be included in the "O" section of a document completed using the SOAP method? -Chief complaint -Treatment provided -Past medical history -Physical findings on examination

Physical findings on examination

Which of the following statements is true regarding physical restraints? -Physically restrained patients may be left while other patients are receiving care -Only law enforcement may use physical restraints -Physical restraints should only be used when necessary to prevent injury to the patient or responders -EMS can only use one type of restraints

Physical restraints should only be used when necessary to prevent injury to the patient or responders

A 10-year-old patient has a spontaneous nose bleed that has lasted for several minutes. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Pinch the nostrils gently while leaning the head back -Place an icepack on the bridge of the nose -Firmly pinch the nostrils together using the hard cartilage on the bridge of the nose while leaning the head forward -Pinch the nostrils gently while leaning forward

Pinch the nostrils gently while leaning forward

An 18-year-old patient is showing signs and symptoms of amphetamine use. Which of the following symptoms is not expected? -Hypertension -Agitation -Tachycardia -Pinpoint pupils

Pinpoint pupuls

A 15-year-old female has profuse non-traumatic vaginal bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to control this patient's bleeding? -Place a sanitary pad on the external genitalia -Apply an ice pack -Pack the vagina with gauze -Place unpacked gauze within the vagina

Place a sanitary pad on the exteral genitalia

A 20-year-old patient has sustained a hand injury. During splinting of the patient's hand, how can a position of function be maintained? -Extend the wrist at a 90-degree angle -Lay the hand flat on a padded board -Place a soft roller bandage on the palm of the hand -Splint the forearm with the hand relaxed

Place a soft bandage on the palm of the hand

Which of the following is an appropriate way to prevent the loss of body heat for a patient in shock? -Place blankets under and over the patient until they start sweating -Place hot water bottles on the axilla and groin -Place blankets under and over the patient -Place heating pads on the axilla and along the chest

Place blankets under and over the patient

A 73-year-old female patient with a history of heart disease and hypertension complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. She is conscious and alert with warm, dry skin. Her vital signs are within normal limits. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? -Assist in the administration of low-dose aspirin -Place her in a comfortable position and administer oxygen -Assist in the administration of a nitroglycerin dose -Apply automated external defibrillator (AED) pads

Place her in a comfortable position and administer oxygen

A 66-year-old male is experiencing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is alert with cool, sweaty skin. His pulse is 104 beats per minute, blood pressure is 124/62 mm Hg, and respirations are 22 breaths per minute. On auscultation, crackles are heard in the lungs. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Apply an automated external defibrillator -Place him in the semi-Fowler position and apply high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Administer nitroglycerin -Apply oxygen via a nasal cannula

Place him in the semi-Fowler position and apply high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask

Which of the following is not an appropriate treatment for hypothermia? -Remove the patient from the cold environment -Place hot water bottles directly on the skin of the axilla and groin -Give warm, humidified oxygen -Place dry blankets over and under the patient

Place hot water bottles directly on the skin of the axilla and groin

A 20-year-old female complains of abdominal pain and severe vaginal bleeding. Which of the following is not an appropriate intervention? -Provide high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Place sterile dressings in the vagina -Leave the patient's tampon in place -Keep the patient warm with extra blankets

Place sterile dressings in the vagina

What should an EMT do with blood-soaked clothing that was cut off a trauma patient? -Place the clothes in a trash bag and dispose of them in a biohazard container at the receiving hospital -Place them in a yellow biohazard bag and dispose of them in a biohazard container at the receiving hospital -Give the clothes back to the patient in a plastic personal bag -Place the clothes in a red biohazard bag

Place the clothes in a red biohazard bag

What is the correct technique for performing the head-tilt/chin-lift procedure on a patient with no suspected spinal trauma? -Place the heel of one hand on the patients forehead. Place the heel of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and close the mouth but open the airway. -Place the heel of one hand on the patients forehead and apply firm backward pressure. Place the fingertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and lift the chin upward. -Place the fingers of both hands behind the angles of the lower jaw and move the jaw upward with the index and middle fingers while using the thumbs to help position the lower jaw. -Place the heel of one hand on the patients forehead and apply firm backward pressure. Place the fingertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and push the chin downward.

Place the heel of one hand on the patients forehead and apply firm backward pressure. Place the fingertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and lift the chin upward.

A 58-year-old female is complaining of chest pressure and experiencing difficulty breathing. Her skin is cool and pale. Her SpO2 is 96% on room air. She states the pain began an hour prior to EMS arrival. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Apply an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) -Administer appropriate oxygen therapy -Administer nitroglycerin tablets immediately -Place the patient in a position of comfort

Place the patient in a postion of comfort

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial intervention for a hypoxic patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? -Place them in the recovery position and apply oxygen via a nasal cannula -Place them in the Fowler position and apply oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Place them supine and provide respiration using a bag-valve mask -Place them in the semi-Fowler position and apply oxygen via a nasal cannula

Place them in the Fowler position and apply oxygen via a non-rebreather mask

A 16-year-old football player collided with the goal post. His only complaint is pain on the left side of his chest. Inspection reveals a bruise on the left lateral chest wall. Mildly reduced breath sounds are heard on the left side, but he displays no shortness of breath. Which of the following is most likely? -Spleen injury -Tension pneumothorax -Flail chest -Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax

Which of the following is a common cause of seizures in adults? -Poisoning -Myocardial infarction -Pelvic fracture -Burn injuries

Poisoning

Which of the following is not commonly seen in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus? -Polypharmacy -Polydipsia -Polyphagia -Polyuria

Polypharmacy

An adult patient fell from a residential rooftop. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli only, and their respirations are shallow and irregular at a rate of 36 breaths a minute. Which of the following would be the appropriate airway management for this patient? -Non-rebreather with high flow oxygen -High-flow nasal cannula at 40 lpm -Positive pressure artificial ventilation with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen -Nasal cannula with high-flow oxygen for possible facial fracture

Positive pressure artificial ventilation with a bag-valve mask device and high-flow oxygen

Which of the following is not a cause of vaginal bleeding in pregnancy? -Ectopic pregnancy -Abruptio placentae -Preeclampsia -Spontaneous abortion

Preeclampsia

When assisting with the intubation of a patient, which of the following is a good indication of the successful placement of the intubation device? -Improved level of consciousness -Presence of bilateral breath sounds during ventilation -Absence of resistance during ventilation -Presence of gastric sounds during ventilation

Presence of bilateral breath sounds during ventilation

What does amniotic fluid with a greenish color indicate? -Infectious disease -Spontaneous abortion -Excessive uterine bleeding -Presence of meconium

Presence of meconium

Which of the following is not a function of a patient care report? -Prevent lawsuits -Provide information for training -Ensure adequate continuity of care -Evaluate calls for continuous quality improvement

Prevent lawsuits

Which of the following is the most effective way to control disease transmission? -Proper handwashing -Consistent use of a standard surgical mask -Glove and eye protection -Consistent gown use

Proper handwashing

Which of the following measures is appropriate emergency care for an adult with an early, localized cold injury? -Have the patient vigorously rub the affected area -Submerge the affected body part in hot water to rewarm -Protecting the affected body parts from further cold exposure -Placing hot packs on the suspected cold-exposure site

Protecting the affected body parts from further cold exposure

An adult patient has burns that cover over 36% of their total body surface area, mainly affecting the back and lower extremities. After the burning process has been stopped and smoldering clothing removed, which of the following should be the initial treatment for this patient? -Provide airway control and high-flow oxygen therapy -Cover the burn area with antiseptic to prevent infection -Assess the patient for the possibility of other injuries -Immerse the patient in cool water or saline solution

Provide airway control and high-flow oxygen therapy

A 52-year-old male was in cardiac arrest. Three shocks were delivered via an automatic external defibrillator (AED). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) has been achieved, but the patient has shallow, infrequent respirations. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Give high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Resume CPR -Provide artificial ventilation with supplemental oxygen -Deliver another shock to ensure the patient does not arrest again

Provide artificial ventilation with supplemental oxygen

A 50-year-old patient is found semi-conscious. They have a palpable carotid pulse of 120 beats per minute. They are breathing at a rate of 30 breaths per minute; the patient's respirations are shallow. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to provide assisted ventilation initially? -Give two initial breaths and check again for a pulse -Provide assisted ventilation at the same rate as the patient's and slowly adjust to a normal rate -Provide assisted ventilation at a rate of 12-20 breaths per minute -Give two initial breaths and initiate CPR

Provide assisted ventilation at the same rate as the patient's and slowly adjust to a normal rate

A patient is in cardiac arrest. Bystanders have initiated CPR and attached an automated external defibrillator (AED). A shock has been delivered. The patient now has a palpable carotid pulse and a respiration rate of four breaths per minute. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Apply high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask, monitor vital signs, and transport -Apply high-flow oxygen and reanalyze the patient's rhythm with the AED every two minutes during transport -Provide assisted ventilation with supplemental oxygen, monitor vital signs, and transport -Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions

Provide assisted ventilation with supplemental oxygen, monitor vital signs, and transport

A patient is involved in a motor vehicle crash. The patient, who is still trapped inside the car, is reported to be apneic. Once the scene is safe to enter, it is determined the patient is entrapped in the driver's seat by the dashboard. What is the appropriate next step? -Begin extrication with tools that bystanders have available. -Attempt an emergency move without a rescue team -Provide inline stabilization, open the airway, and begin ventilation if possible -Wait for the rescue/extrication team to arrive before attempting any intervention

Provide incline stabilization, open the airway, and begin ventilation if possible

An adult patient keeps pulling off his non-rebreather mask, stating that he cannot have it on his face. The patient needs supplemental oxygen. Which of the following is most appropriate? -Do not continue to administer oxygen -Insist that the patient use the non-rebreather mask -Apply a partial rebreather mask at a rate of 15 liters per minute -Provide oxygen via a nasal cannula at a rate of six liters per minute

Provide oxygen via a nasal cannula at a rate of six liters per minute

A two-year-old boy is postictal. His mother witnessed a tonic-clonic seizure that lasted about 45 seconds. She says he has been ill for several days. Today, he has a fever that has not been well controlled with over-the-counter medication. The patient's temperature is 102°F (38.9°C). Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment option for this child? -Provide oxygen via a pediatric non-rebreather mask, avoid attempts to cool the patient, and provide transport -Provide oxygen via blow-by and administer an anticonvulsant -Provide oxygen via blow-by, remove his clothes, cool him with damp towels, and provide transport -Provide oxygen via a non-rebreather mask and provide transport

Provide oxygen via blow-by, remove his clothes, cool him with damp towels, and provide transport

A seven-year-old male is suspected to have a mild airway obstruction with good air exchange. Which of the following actions is the most appropriate at this time? -Provide oxygen, place the child in a position of comfort, and transport rapidly -Open the airway and ventilate the child -Administer abdominal thrusts -Attempt to remove the obstruction manually

Provide oxygen, place the child in a postion of comfort, and transport rapidly

A 21-year-old female was in a motorcycle crash. She has a considerably swollen and deformed left leg. No obvious blood loss is noted. After the scene size-up, what is the most appropriate next step? -Begin chest compressions -Ventilate the patient -Immobilize the injured foot in a position of function -Provide spinal motion restriction and transport rapidly

Provide spinal motion restriction and transport rapidly

What guidelines does the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) provide for emergency medical services (EMS)? -Provides guidelines for defensive driving for EMS personnel -Provides guidelines for EMS hiring practices -Provides guidelines for EMS education standards -Provides guidelines for the length of training for EMS personnel

Provides guidelines for EMS education standards

Which of the following is an example of a standing order? -Ignoring local protocols and assisting in the administration of a metered-dose inhaler without medical direction -Contacting medical direction for a request to assist in the administration of a metered-dose inhaler -Splinting a patient against their wishes -Providing oxygen to a patient with chest pain

Providing oxygen to a patient with chest pain

A patient is found supine in a dangerous location and requires an emergency move. What is the most appropriate way to move the patient safely? -Await backup prior to moving the patient -Immobilize the patient on a long backboard -Place the patient on a scoop stretcher and drag him out -Pull the patient along the line of the body's long axis

Pull the patient along the line of the body's long axis

Into which of the following vessels does the heart pump deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood? -Pulmonary artery -Pulmonary vein -Vena cava -Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Which of the following is not a common cause of congestive heart failure? -Pulmonary edema -Heart valve damage -Myocardial infarction -Long-standing high blood pressure

Pulmonary edema

A 66-year-old patient with a history of recent surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm has sudden-onset dyspnea. They exhibit labored respirations. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms? -Hemophilia -Pulmonary embolism -Atherosclerosis -Deep vein thrombosis

Pulmonary embolism

What factors should be assessed splinting? -Pulse, range of motion, and sensation -Pulse, motor function, and sensation -Pulse, sensation, pain, and motor function -Pain, motor function, and sensation

Pulse, motor function, and sensation

A male patient fell more than 30 feet and landed on his back. The patient is unable to move anything below his shoulders. Which of the following describes this patient's inability to move parts of his body? -Paraplegia -Hemiplegia -Quadriplegia -Monoplegia

Quadriplegia

What is the major artery in the forearm? -Antecubital artery -Brachial artery -Ulnar artery -Radial artery

Radial artery

Burn injuries can be significant forms of trauma. There are four types of burns. They are thermal, chemical, electrical, and ______? -Acidic -Solar -Radiation -Flash

Radiation

A patient has sustained a possible arm fracture. He has swelling, bruising, and deformity to the lateral bone of his right forearm. Which of the following is most likely fractured? -Radius -Humerus -Ulna -Tibia

Radius

Which of the following is the definition of tachypnea? -Rapid breathing -No breathing -Slow breathing -Rapid heart rate

Rapid breathing

Which of the following is the most successful ventricular fibrillation treatment modality that can be administered in a prehospital setting? -Nitroglycerin -Assisted ventilation -High-quality CPR -Rapid defibrillation

Rapid defibrillation

A 48-year-old male has a history of chronic hypertension and called for help after experiencing sudden, severe pain in the chest and upper back that started about an hour ago. He describes the pain as "deep" and constant. The patient has no other associated symptoms. He takes medication for chronic hypertension. He is afebrile with a blood pressure of 118/70 mm Hg in both upper extremities, a pulse rate of 122/min, and a respiration rate of 22/minute. After the administration of high-flow oxygen, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Assisted administration of nitroglycerin -Assisted administration of aspirin -Stabilization of bilateral blood pressure -Rapid transport

Rapid transport

An adult has a possible closed tibia/fibula fracture. Which of the following may help restore adequate blood supply to the foot? -Securing the affected leg to the opposite leg -Replacing fracture fragments in their anatomic position -Realignment of the limb -Restoration of blood supply to the foot is not possible in a closed fracture

Realignment of the limb

Which of the following is the appropriate step if the stomach appears to be distending during assisted ventilation? -Discontinue ventilation for two minutes -Suction during withdrawal for no more than 10 seconds -Press firmly on the patients abdomen -Recheck and repostion the patients head, watching for the rise and fall of the chest wall

Recheck and reposition the patients head, watching for the rise and fall of the chest wall

Which of the following is the purpose of lung surfactant? -Reduces surface tension of the alveoli -Transports oxygen across membranes -Causes the diaphragm to contract -Transports carbon dioxide across membranes

Reduces surface tension of the alveoli

Which of the following is defined as repeating a statement in order to ensure comprehension? -Reflection -Empathy -Explanation -Facilitation

Reflection

A seven-year-old female fell off of her bicycle and has a suspected broken wrist. She denies any other trauma, and there are no signs of internal injuries. After providing necessary care at the scene, you initiate transport. Her father insists on the use of lights and the siren during transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Contact medical direction for permission to use the lights and siren -Refuse and explain that this is a safer method of transport and the siren is not necessary -Ask the police to restrain the father -Turn on the lights and siren

Refuse and explain that this is a safer method of transport and the siren is not necessary

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is being performed on a patient who is showing obvious signs of gastric distension. Which of the following is a general concern for patients with gastric distension? -Direct pressure on the lungs from the distension, decreasing tidal volume -Prevention of adequate chest compressions -Regurgitation of stomach contents with possible aspiration into the patient's lungs -Rupture of the stomach with spilling of gastric contents into the abdominal cavity

Regurgitation of stomach contents with possible aspiration into the patient's lungs

What is the primary action of nitroglycerin? -Relaxation of the muscles of blood vessel walls -Contraction of the heart muscles -Contraction of the muscle of blood vessel walls -Relaxation of the heart muscles

Relaxation of the muscles of blood vessel walls

A 20-year-old asthmatic patient is experiencing shortness of breath. On scene, the patient says they have a meter-dosed inhaler in their backpack but needs assistance in getting it. What is the mechanism of action of albuterol when delivered via a metered-dose inhaler? -Increases alveolar blood flow -Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle -Suppresses mucus production in the lungs. -Increases overall lung compliance

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

Nitroglycerin is a prehospital treatment for patients experiencing cardiac-related chest pain. How does nitroglycerin help relieve pain? -Constricts peripheral arteries -Relaxes peripheral arteries -Increases myocardial oxygen demand -Increases smooth muscle contractions

Relaxes peripheral arteries

Which of the following movements is appropriate when arriving at a scene with suspected hazardous material? -Escort trained hazardous materials experts to triage any patients -Leave the scene -Remain upwind and uphill -Get as close to the scene as possible to determine hazards

Remain upwind and uphill

A 39-year-old female is restrained in her car after a crash. She is alert and oriented and has a current Glasgow coma score of 15. She complains of lumbar spine pain only. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of spinal motion restriction? -Remove her from the vehicle using a short backboard, then transfer her to a long backboard -Have her exit the vehicle and then complete inline stabilization and subsequent spinal immobilization with a cervical collar and long backboard -Assist her out of the vehicle, place her directly on the ground, and then apply a long backboard -Apply a cervical collar and assist her out of the vehicle and onto a stretcher with a long backboard in place

Remove her from the vehicle using a short backboard, then transfer her to a long backboard

An oropharyngeal airway is in place of a patient who is attempting to remove it. What is the most appropriate action? -Increase the oxygen flow rate being delivered and prepare for suctioning -Remove the OPA -Tell the patient loudly that the devide is helping them breathe -Restrain the patient and hold the airway in place until they feel calm

Remove the OPA

During assisted ventilation, a patient's stomach begins to distend. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Await ALS to perform nasogastric tube decompression -Reposition the head and watch for the rise and fall of the chest wall -Continue to ventilate until the distension subsides -Apply pressure on the upper abdomen

Reposition the head and watch for the rise and fall of the chest wall

A motor vehicle crash occurs. Law enforcement confirms the scene is safe. Multiple trauma patients are noted. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Request additional resources, establish an incident command, and begin primary triage -Request additional resources and begin secondary triage -Establish to what hospital all patients will be transported -Immediately begin primary triage

Request additional resources, establish an incident command, and begin primary triage

A non-ambulatory, 150-kg patient requires transport from a fourth-floor apartment. The elevator is too narrow to accommodate this patient on a stretcher. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Transfer the patient to a stair chair and proceed to the elevator -Request lifting assistance from dispatch and stand by until their arrival -Use a scoop stretcher to transport to the bottom floor and then onto a stretcher -Ask a family member on-scene to help lift the patient

Request lifting assistance from dispatch and stand by until their arrival

A 22-year-old female has multiple facial injuries. The patient states that her husband assaulted her. She explains that this is not the first incident. While you are treating the patient, the husband returns and demands to be left alone with his wife. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Tell the husband he needs to leave due to patient privacy laws -Confirm consent from the patient, ignoring the husband -Request police assistance -Inform the husband he will be arrested if he interferes with patient care

Request police assistance

Which of the following statements best describes the diastolic blood pressure? -Pressure that exists within the arteries during the contraction phase of the ventricles -None of these -Pressure wave that causes a palpable pulse -Residual pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxation phase of the ventricles

Residual pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxation phase of the ventricles

You are assessing the vital signs of a child at a local elementary school. Which of the following would be considered a normal set of vitals for a healthy eight-year-old child? -Respirations 20 breaths per minute, pulse 98 beats per minute, blood pressure 104/73 mm Hg -Respirations 35 breaths per minute, 58 beats per minute, blood pressure 128/66 mm Hg -Respirations 16 breaths per minute, pulse 58 beats per minute, blood pressure 190/70 mm Hg -Respirations 12 breaths per minute, pulse 130 beats per minute, blood pressure 100/72 mm Hg

Respirations 20 breaths per minute, pulse 98 beats per minute, blood pressure 104/73 mm Hg

Which of the following conditions is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? -Chesst trauma -Respiratory arrest -Cardiac dysrhythmia -Hypovolemia

Respiratory arrest

Which of the following would be considered a serious complication of a severe allergic reaction? -Hypertension -Respiratory distress -Urticaria -Hives

Respiratory distress

Which of the following is not an indication of increased work of breathing in a pediatric patient? -Retractions -Respiratory rate above 20 breaths per minute -Head bobbing -Grunting/wheezing

Respiratory rate above 20 breaths per minute

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of an automated external defibrillator? -Apnea -Hypertension -Active myocardial infarction -Responsiveness

Responsiveness

A 36-year-old patient is experiencing a sudden onset of dyspnea. Which of the following signs or symptoms is expected initially in the setting of hypoxia? -Restlessness -Bradycaria -Cyanosis -Altered mental status

Restlessness

Which of the following is considered an early sign of hypoxia in an adult patient? -Restlessness -Cyanosis -Weak, thready pulse -Poor skin turgor

Restlessness

Which of the following is the earliest sign/symptom of compensated shock? -Restlessness -Falling blood pressure -Weak, rapid pulse -Shallow, rapid breathing

Restlessness

An 82-year-old male has confirmed cardiac arrest. After the AED application, a "no shock indicated" message is received. What is the appropriate next step? -Check for breathing -Check for a pulse -Resume CPR -Attach a different AED

Resume CPR

A 64-year-old male patient is in cardiac arrest. The automatic external defibrillator (AED) does not advise defibrillation. What is the appropriate next step? -Resume CPR, beginning with 2 additional ventilations -Reanalyze the patient's rhythm via the AED and defibrillate -Re-check for a pulse for an additional 10 seconds -Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions

Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions

After three consecutive "no shock advised" messages from an automatic external defibrillator (AED) on an adult cardiac arrest patient, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Terminate CPR -Provide artificial ventilation -Resume chest compressions -Reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm

Resume chest compressions

An automated external defibrillator (AED) has delivered the third shock to a pulseless adult patient. What is the most appropriate next step? -Resume chest compressions -Transport the patient rapidly and deliver no further shocks -Contact medical direction and request an additional defibrillation order -Assess the patient's pulse and resume CPR if indicated

Resume chest compressions

An automatic external defibrillator (AED) advises no shock for a pulseless patient. What is the appropriate next step? -Check for breathing -Check for a pulse -Resume chest compressions -Check for breathing and a pulse simultaneously

Resume chest compressions

A 50-year-old female is unresponsive, hypotensive, and breathing at a rate of four breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. Impending cardiac arrest is likely. A family member with appropriately documented power of attorney for health care over the patient authorizes only supportive care for the potentially dying patient. There is no documentation available, and several other family members on the scene are upset and begging for resuscitation. Which of the following would be most appropriate action in this scenario? -Withhold all treatment measures -Contact your immediate supervisor -Provide supportive care -Resuscitate the patient

Resuscitate the patient

A 16-year-old male was sitting in the stands watching a baseball game when a baseball struck him at high speed, hitting him in the head. While assessing your patient, he repeatedly asks you what happened. He remembers everything but the events leading up to the injury. What is your patient most likely suffering from? -Amnesia -Retrograde amnesia -Transient ischemic attack -Absence seizure

Retrograde amnesia

An asthmatic patient is experiencing dyspnea. She feels better after self-administering a nebulized albuterol inhaler prior to EMS arrival. What is the primary function of albuterol? -Stops mucus secretion -Reverses bronchospasm -Causes bronchoconstriction -Reduces inflammation

Reverses bronchospasm

Which of the following is not a common sign of airway obstruction in an unconscious adult patient? -Gurgling -Apnea -Stridor -Rhonchi

Rhonchi

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs? -Left ventricle -Right ventricle -Right atrium -Left atrium

Right ventricle

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for sending deoxygenated blood to the lungs for reoxygenation? -Left ventricle -Right ventricle -Right atrium -Left atrium

Right ventricle

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for sending poorly oxygenated blood to the lungs to be replenished with oxygen? -Left ventricle -Right ventricle -Right atrium -Left atrium

Right ventricle

A 36-year-old male patient took a large dose of heroin. He is supine and semiconscious and begins to vomit. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention? -Begin assisted ventilation -Insert an oropharyngeal airway -Suction as much of the vomit as possible -Roll the patient onto his left side

Roll the patient onto his left side

If ALS is not available, which of the following is an appropriate method to alleviate gastric distension in a patient with a suspected spinal injury? -Roll the patient to one side and apply pressure to the upper abdomen -Decrease ventilation (increasing hypoxia) for a few cycles while continuing the chest compression sequence to naturally relieve the distension -Apply pressure to the abdomen between chest compressions -Interrupt CPR long enough to suction the patient

Roll the patient to one side and apply pressure to the upper abdomen

Regarding the insertion of an oropharyngeal airway for a child, which of the following statements is true? -Rough insertion can cause bleeding. -After the airway is inserted, immediately resume assisted ventilation. -Airways should be given at a size smaller than measured by placing the flange at the level of the central incisor and the bite block parallel to the hard palate. -Airways should be given at a size larger than measured on length-based resuscitation tape.

Rough insertion can cause bleeding.

A 12-year-old male was stung by a bee. He still has the stinger attached, so his mother calls for assistance in removing it. What is the proper procedure for removing a bee stinger that is still partially embedded in a patient's skin? -Use forceps to grab and remove it -Squeeze the skin around the site -Scrape it with a rigid object -Grab it with sterile tweezers

Scrape it with a rigid object

What is the appropriate treatment for an open pneumothorax? -Insert a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space to allow decompression of the lung -Leave the wound uncovered to allow air to escape from the chest cavity -Seal the wound with an occlusive dressing Show Explanation -Cover the wound lightly with gauze dressings soaked in sterile saline

Seal the wound with an occlusive dressing

In which stage of pregnancy does rapid uterine growth occur? -First trimester -Third trimester -Immediately following implantation -Second trimester

Second trimester

An adult patient has a suspected closed pelvic fracture. What is the most appropriate first step for stabilization of the fracture? -Manually reduce the potential dislocation and transport -Stabilize the leg on the fracture side with a traction splint -Secure the patient to a backboard or scoop stretcher -Transport as usual on a stretcher

Secure the patient to a backboard or scoop stretcher

A patient has sustained a basilar skull fracture. Which of the following is not specific to a basilar skull fracture? -Ecchymosis under the eyes -Ecchymosis behind one ear -Cerebrospinal fluid drainage from the ear -Seizures

Seizures

Which of the following is most likely to occur in young children who experience a sudden spike in their body temperature? -Cardiac arrest -Shock -Seizures -Hives

Seizures

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of preeclampsia? -Severe hypertension -Edema -Visual abnormalities -Seizures

Seizures

Which of the following is the correct procedure for initiating high-flow oxygen therapy via a non-rebreather mask? -Select the correct mask size. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 10 to 15 liters per minute. Place the mask over the patients face and adjust accordingly; there is no need to wait for inflation of the reservoir bag. -Select the correct mask size. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 1 to 6 liters per minute. Ensuure the reservoir bag is inflated by placing a finger over the bag outlet. Place the mask over the patients face and adjust accordingly. -Select the correct mask size. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 10 to 15 liters per minute. Inflate the reservoir bag by attaching the tubing directly to the bag. Run the tubing from the oxygen source to the non-rebreather mask. Place the mask over the patients face and adjust accordingly. -Select the correct mask size. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 10 to 15 liters per minute. Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated by placing a finger over the bag outlet. Place the mask over the patients face and adjust accordingly.

Select the correct mask size. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 10 to 15 liters per minute. Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated by placing a finger over the bag outlet. Place the mask over the patients face and adjust accordingly.

A patient has just stopped exhibiting a generalized motor seizure. In which of the following states is the patient most likely to be? -Alert and oriented to person, place, and time -Anxious and restless -Self-resolved lack of orientation to person, place, and time -Unresponsiveness to painful stimuli

Self-resolved lack of orientation to person, place, and time

What are the two types of nerves within the peripheral nervous system? -Sympathetic and motor -Sensory and motor -Sensory and sympathetic -Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Sensory and motor

A 10-year-old patient is in respiratory distress. During the assessment, the patient reports severe nausea. Which of the following is likely occurring? -Acute asthma attack -Heat exhaustion -Possible aspirin overdose -Severe allergic reaction

Severe allergic reaction

Which of the following traumatic injuries should be managed first for a multi-system trauma patient? -Tibia/fibula open fracture with minimal bleeding -Clear fluid draining from the ears and nose -Abdominal wound with organ evisceration -Severe bleeding in the oropharynx

Severe bleeding in the oropharynx

Which of the following is a contraindication to a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)? -Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose -Fractured jaw bone -The patient can tolerate an oropharyngeal airway -Semiconscious status with an intact gag reflex

Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose

Which of the following is not a cause of hypovolemic shock? -Profuse bleeding -Diarrhea -Severe infection -Inadequate fluid intake

Severe infection

Which of the following situations would likely require special mandatory reporting? -Spontaneous abortion -Alcohol use -Sexual assault -Drug use

Sexual assult

Which of the following is not typically a sign or symptom of cardiac compromise? -Dyspnea -Nausea/vomiting -Shivering -Sweating

Shivering

Which of the following types of injuries would not require spinal motion restriction? -Hip injury -Spinal injury -Shoulder injury -Pelvic injury

Shoulder injury

A patient with a cardiac history is complaining of chest pain. Which of the following is not considered a common sign or symptom of cardiac insufficiency? -Radiating pain to the back -Diaphoresis without an obvious cause -Significant numbness or tingling on one side of the body -Irregular pulse

Significant numbness or tingling on one side of the body

Which of the following is responsible for the initial electrical impulse of a normal, healthy heart? -Sinoatrial node -Atrioventricular node -Purkinje fibers -Bundle of His

Sinoatrial node

Which of the following demonstrates an appropriate way to communicate with an elderly patient? -"Sir, I'm going to try to make you as comfortable as I can on our way to the hospital." -Lower your voice and speak directly into his ear -"Sir, everything has already been explained to your son, so just relax." -Raise your voice and speak near his ear

Sir, I'm going to try to make you as comfortable as I can on our way to the hospital."

A 21-year-old male has epistaxis. He has no other signs of trauma. What is the best position in which to place him? -Supine without extremity elevation -Supine with lower extremities elevated -Sitting with the head tilted backward -Sitting and leaning forward with the head tilted forward

Sitting and leaning forward with the head tilted forward

Approximately how much blood is in an average adult's body? -Eight liters -Ten liters -Four liters -Six liters

Six liters

Which of the following structures is considered the largest organ in the human body? -Heart -Liver -Lungs -Skin

Skin

What is the common presentation of a superficial partial-thickness burn? -Skin with moderate erythema and pain at the site without blistering -Dry, leathery, dark brown skin -Skin that is pink, moist, soft, and exquisitely tender when touched. It may or may not present with blisters -Skin that shows a mixture of red and blanched white, with thick-walled and ruptured blisters

Skin that is pink, moist, soft, and exquisitely tender when touched. It may or may not present with blisters

Which of the following is not a method of gauging a patient's responsiveness to painful stimuli? -Gently but firmly pinching the patient's ear lobe -Slapping the patient's cheek -Pressing on the bone above the eye -Gently but firmly pinching the neck muscles

Slapping the patient's cheek

What is the most appropriate method of immobilizing a shoulder injury? -Air splint -Sling and swathe -Formable splint -Vacuum splint

Sling and swathe

Which of the following is the most likely cause of death for a fire victim? -Smoke inhalation -Hypovolemic shock -Septic shock -Dehydration

Smoke inhalation

Which of the following statements regarding confidentiality is correct? -A personal electronic device, such as a cell phone, may be used to share patient information. -Some scenarios, such as abuse, require the disclosure of otherwise confidential information. -Treatment is not considered confidential information. -Patient information may not be shared with third-party billing personnel.

Some scenarios, such as abuse, require the disclosure of otherwise confidential information.

A 60-year-old male complains of substernal chest pain. He is exhibiting the classic signs and symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following symptoms would not be present? -Dyspnea -Sudden weakness -Somnolence -Sweating

Somnolence

Which of the following conditions is often associated with an increased likelihood of a latex allergy? -Epilepsy -Cerebral palsy -Spina bifida -Obesity

Spina bifida

A 19-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle collision and was restrained in the car. She is conscious and alert but complains of neck and back pain. She reports she is 39 weeks pregnant. Assuming this patient is stable, what transport measures are indicated? -Spinal motion restriction with a cervical collar, on a long backboard, and with the right side of the board elevated -Left lateral positioning with a cervical collar -Spinal motion restriction using a Kendrick extrication device while seated on a stretcher -Spinal motion restriction using a long backboard with the foot of the backboard elevated

Spinal motion restriction with a cervical collar, on a long backboard, and with the right side of the board elevated

A 25-year-old female was swimming at a community pool. She is conscious but confused and unable to get out of the water due to new-onset paraparesis. Which of the following is suspected until proven otherwise? -Chronic heart failure -Hypoglycemia -Spinal trauma -Drowning

Spinal trauma

During a high school football game, a 15-year-old male was hit in the chest and abdomen during a hard tackle. Bystanders stated it took him a minute or two to get up, but he seemed fine for the remainder of the quarter. At halftime, the player complained of sharp, left upper quadrant pain in his abdomen that radiated to his left shoulder. Which of the following was the most likely cause of his pain? -Tension pneumothorax -Splenic injury -Gallbladder contusion/laceration -Liver laceration/injury

Spleen injury

A 66-year-old male calls for help after experiencing substernal chest pain while mowing his yard. He relates a cardiac history for which he is prescribed nitroglycerin. He took one dose and rested prior to EMS arrival, with complete resolution of the pain. Which of the following most likely caused his pain? -Unstable angina pectoris -Pulmonary embolism -Myocardial infarction -Stable angina pectoris

Stable angina pectoris

Two patients were involved in a motor vehicle collision. The driver is assessed and determined to be dead upon arrival. The passenger is wandering around the crash site and appears confused. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? -Have the patient lie on a long spine board and apply a cervical collar. -Apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a short backboard. -Start spinal motion restriction with a cervical collar. -There is no need to immobilize the patient as he is able to walk.

Start spinal motion restriction with a cervical collar.

While you are evaluating a patient with an altered mental status from suspected alcohol ingestion, he becomes agitated, verbally abusive, and physically aggressive. He states he just wants to be left alone. Which of the following is the appropriate next step? -Request law enforcement respond to the scene urgently -Restrain the patient -Step back and prepare to retreat, if necessary, while awaiting assistance from law enforcement -Leave until the scene is safe

Step back and prepare to retreat, if necessary, while awaiting assistance from law enforcement

An adult patient in cardiac arrest is being transported. Medical direction indicates an analysis and an additional shock via an automated external defibrillator (AED) should be given en route. Which of the following is the correct procedure per medical direction? -Analyze the rhythm and deliver the shock if indicated -Stop the vehicle, analyze the rhythm, and deliver the shock if indicated -Refuse to defibrillate the patient en route to the hospital due to crew safety -Deliver the shock without stopping CPR

Stop the vehicle, analyze the rhythm, and deliver the shock if indicated

A patient has a partially obstructed airway. Which of the following findings is expected? -Inability to breathe -Stridor -Crackles -Unconsciousness

Stridor

Which of the following is described as a brassy, crowing breath sound that is most prominent on inspiration? -Wheezing -Stridor -Rhonchi -Crackles

Stridor

Which of the following terms describes a harsh, high-pitched breathing sound that is heard on inhalation or exhalation and often indicates some degree of airway obstruction? -Wheezing -Stridor -Rhonchi -Crackles

Stridor

Which of the following supplies blood to the upper extremities? -Iliac arteries -Femoral arteries -Aorta -Subclavian arteries

Subclavian arteries

A 70-year-old male was trimming a tree branch when it broke and fell on him. His wife called because he seemed confused immediately after the incident, but he insisted that he felt fine and refused transport. Two days later, you are called to his home again, where he is clearly confused. During your assessment, he vomits once and then becomes somnolent. The patient's medical history includes a cardiac stent placed eight months ago. Ecchymosis at the site of the injury is noted, but no further ecchymosis is visible. Which of the following is most likely? -Subdural hematoma -Basilar skull fracture -Concussion -Epidural hematoma

Subdural hematoma

An error was discovered after the submission of a patient care report to a receiving hospital. Which of the following is the most appropriate step? -File a report with a supervisor admitting fault for the mistake -Submit an addendum with the new information -Retrieve the original report from the receiving hospital and amend it -Ignore the error

Submit an addendum with the new information

A 50-year-old male patient with a cardiac history states he was recently diagnosed with stable angina pectoris by his cardiologist. If the patient experiences an episode of stable angina pectoris, which of the following is most likely to occur? -Complaints of weakness with shortness of breath -Burning sensation within the chest -Substernal heaviness or pain that occurs during exertion and is often relieved by rest -Syncope

Substernal heaviness or pain that occurs during exertion and is often relieved by rest

In which of the following scenarios would eye protection be required? -Splinting a closed injury with a rigid splint -Suctioning a patient with a soft-tip catheter -Administering oxygen via a non-rebreather mask -Transporting a supine patient who complains of nausea

Suctioning a patient with a soft-tip catheter

A patient is receiving artificial ventilation via a bag-valve mask. If they start gurgling, which of the following is true? -The oxygen rate is set too high -This is normal during bag-mask ventilation -Suctioning is needed -Increased ventilation rate and depth are needed

Suctioning is needed

A 6-month-old infant has a recent history of vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following signs strongly indicates the possibility of dehydration? -Skin that is flushed and hot -Capillary refill time of two seconds or fewer -Sunken fontanelle -Strong peripheral pulses with a heart rate of 100 beats per minute

Sunken fontanelle

A 24-year-old female patient fell asleep while tanning at the beach. Her skin is red, and she reports pain all over. She denies the presence of blisters. What type of burn does she most likely have? -Partial-thickness burn -Full-thickness burn -Superficial burn -Combined superficial and partial-thickness burn

Superficial burn

From which of the following vessels does the right side of the heart receive deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood from the body? -Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava -Pulmonary artery -Pulmonary veins -Aorta

Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

A 30-year-old woman was involved in a motor vehicle collision. Her pulse and respiration rate are elevated, and her skin is cool and clammy. The patient is unconscious and bleeding profusely, but no injuries appear to be life-threatening. Her airway is patent. In what position should this patient be transported? -Semi-Fowler -Fowler -Supine -Left side

Supine

An unresponsive 40-year-old male is slumped over the steering wheel in his car. An emergency movement is performed. Which of the following is the best position in which to place the patient on the ground? -Prone position -No move at this time -Supine position -Recovery position

Supine postion

A 34-year-old male with a blunt-force chest injury has obvious signs and symptoms of shock. In which position should he be placed? -Prone position -Supine with cervical spine motion restriction -Semi-Fowler position with cervical spine motion restriction -Lying on the left side

Supine with cervical spine motion restriction

A full-term 20-year-old female is in active labor and is being transported to the hospital. The umbilical cord begins to appear at the opening of the birth canal. Which of the following is the best position in which to place the patient during transport? -Supine with the head of the cot raised 6-12 inches above the feet -Recovery position -Supine with the cot raised 6-12 inches higher than the head with the hips elevated on a pillow -Semi-Fowler with the legs elevated

Supine with the cot raised 6-12 inches higher than the head with the hips elevated on a pillow

A 45-year-old male is having difficulty breathing. He is unable to speak in complete sentences, but his breathing depth is adequate. His pulse oximetry is 86%. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? -Supplemental oxygen via continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) -Give a nebulized bronchodilator treatment -Supplemental oxygen via non-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute -Supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula at 6 liters per minute

Supplemental oxygen via non-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute

Which of the following is not part of the RICES mnemonic? -Rest -Compression -Support -Elevation

Support

Which of the following is an appropriate way to assess for potentially hazardous materials? -Assisting in the search for identification of the materials involved -Investigating the scene after donning personal protective equipment -Using systems like NFPA 401 or the North American Emergency Response Guidebook -Surveying from upwind and uphill at a safe distance from the incident

Surveying from upwind and uphill at a safe distance from the incident

Which of the following would an emergency medical technician (EMT) be required to report to the proper authorities if suspected or discovered during treatment and/or transport? -Alcohol use by a teen -Physical injury from a fall -Illegal drug use -Suspected child abuse

Suspected child abuse

Which of the following can be associated with hyperglycemia but not hypoglycemia? -Anxiety -Tremor -Altered mental status -Sweet, fruity breath

Sweet, fruity breath

A 31-year-old woman (G2P1) at 35 weeks gestation is lying in a pool of blood, with active bleeding from the vagina. She is drowsy but responds to questions. Peripheral pulses are weak bilaterally. Which of the following would be increased? -Systemic vascular resistance -Cardiac output -Cardiac preload -Systolic blood pressure

Systemic vascular resistance

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of nitroglycerin? -Taking a previous dose within 30 minutes -Systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg -Use of PDE inhibitor 72 hours before -Pain that persists past a previous dose

Systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg

A 34-year-old male is agitated and confused. Which of the following signs would indicate cocaine use? -Sedation -Tachycardia -Pinpoint pupils -Hypotension

Tachycardia

Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate compensated shock in a child? -Reduced urine output -Altered mental status -Tachycardia -Hypotension

Tachycardia

Which of the following pairs indicate hypovolemic shock? -Bradycardia and hypotension -Tachycardia and normal blood pressure -Tachycardia and cool, clammy skin -Itching or rash

Tachycardia and cool, clammy skin

A 50-year-old male is breathing at a rate of 30 breaths per minute with normal breath depth and tidal volume. Which medical term describes this patient's respiration rate? -Bradypnea -Eupnea -Tachypnea -Hyperpnea

Tachypnea

Which of the following is a sign of hypovolemic shock? -Hypertension -Tachypnea -Hot skin -Warm and dry skin

Tachypnea

An adult female fell approximately 20 feet onto the ground. She is complaining of pain in both of her arms and severe abdominal pain. A deformity is noted in the humeri bilaterally, about four inches above the elbows. Her abdomen is distended, rigid, and painful on palpation. The patient's heart rate is 130 beats per minute, and her capillary refill is delayed. Her skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic. Findings suggest an internal injury. Which of the following is the appropriate way to obtain a blood pressure reading? -Take the blood pressure of the thigh -None of these -Take the blood pressure of the least injured arm -Do not take a blood pressure reading due to bilateral arm injuries

Take the blood pressure of the thigh

A 4-year-old female has suffered an injury and is very upset. Which of the following is an appropriate way to interact with this patient? -All of these are appropriate in this case -Discuss all interventions with the patient's guardian instead -Tell the child what is going to be done immediately before doing it -Tell the patient that none of the interventions will hurt

Tell the child what is going to be done immediately before doing it

Which of the following is a quick, noninvasive estimate of a patient's core body temperature? -Color of the skin -Blood pressure and heart rate -Temperature of the skin -Presence of muscle spasms

Temperature of the skin

An adult male was hit in the chest by a large steel beam while at work. He is now conscious and alert but struggling to breathe. He has unequal breath sounds and subcutaneous emphysema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his symptoms? -Tension pneumothorax -Flail chest -Sucking chest wound -Traumatic asphyxiation

Tension pneumothorax

You are dispatched to a residential house explosion with an unknown number of patients or injuries. Fire has arrived on scene prior to your arrival and directs you to a male patient across the street, lying crumpled against a truck. The patient is unconscious and unresponsive with multiple injuries to his body. Witnesses tell you that he is their mail carrier, and they saw him thrown across the street and then against the truck when the blast occurred. Your patient may be suffering from many of the four categories of blast injuries. Based on the patient being thrown by the blast, what category of blast injury applies to your patient? -Quaternary blast injuries -Secondary blast injuries -Primary blast injuries -Tertiary blast injuries

Tertiary blast injuries

What does the term standard of care represent? -The responsibility to provide patient care -The care a medical professional is legally able to provide per their certification -The principle that absolves a provider of liability for errors and omissions made while giving emergency care -The acceptable practice of care for a given situation if someone of equal training was to face the same situation

The acceptable practice of care for a given situation if someone of equal training was to face the same situation

A 13-year-old near-drowning patient has inadequate respiration and requires artificial ventilation. Which of the following is the most likely cause of resistance felt on ventilation? -The airway is obstructed due to a swollen epiglottis. -The trachea has collapsed due to the near-drowning event. -The lungs have collapsed due to a tension pneumothorax. =The airway is obstructed due to water.

The airway is obstructed due to water.

What is the upper chamber of the heart called? -The aorta -The atrium -The ventricle -The septum

The atrium

Which of the following best describes an allergic reaction? -The body's exaggerated immune response to a known substance or pathogen -The body's decreased ability to fight infection -A life-threatening systemic reaction -The systemic release of leukocytes

The body's exaggerated immune response to a known substance or pathogen

Ecchymosis is best defined as which of the following? -Blood collected in a body cavity -An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue -The buildup of blood in the dermis -A wound in the superficial layer of skin

The buildup of blood in the dermis

A six-year-old patient is experiencing a partial foreign-body airway obstruction that has progressed to a complete airway obstruction. Which of the following is the narrowest part of a child's upper airway? -The cricothyroid membrane -The cricoid ring -The vocal cords -The carina

The cricoid ring

You are off duty at a local coffee shop and decide to use the restroom before you leave. When you walk in, you notice a person on the ground in a stall who appears to be unresponsive. As you are trying to gain access, another person walks in. You ask them to call 911. You are able to pull the person out from under the stall and find them pulseless and apneic. You realize they are wearing an external defibrillator vest and find blue gel under the defibrillator pads when you start CPR. What does the blue gel represent? -The device has already delivered at least two shocks -The device has malfunctioned -The device has already delivered at least one shock -The device is ready to deliver a shock

The device has already delivered at least one shock

Which of the following options best explains the process of inhalation? -The diaphragm contracts while the intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the size of the lungs and pushing air into the bloodstream. -The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity and pulling air into the lungs. -The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity and creating a negative pressure, which pulls air into the lungs. -The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity and pulling air into the lungs.

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity and creating a negative pressure, which pulls air into the lungs.

Which of the following happens during the inhalation phase of ventilation? -The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity. -The diaphragm contracts, moving upward, forcing the lungs to expand. -The diapgram contracts and the intercostal muscles relax, enlarging the chest cavity. -The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the chest cavity.

The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity.

Which of the following occurs during the inhalation phase of a spontaneously breathing patient? -The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax -The diaphragm creates negative pressure in the thorax -The air pressure within the thorax increases -Air is pushed from the lungs

The diaphragm creates pressure in the thorax

Which of the following statements is true regarding the skin? -The epidermis varies in thickness, depending on the part of the body -The dermis is found below the subcutaneous tissue -The epidermis contains blood vessels -The dermis is the most superficial layer

The epidermis varies in thickness, depending on the part of the body

What occurs when an adult's diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax? -Apnea -The inhalation phase of spontaneous respiration -Ataxic respirations -The exhalation phase of spontaneous respiration

The exhalation phase of spontaneous respiration

You are transporting a patient who is 39 weeks pregnant and presents with a prolapsed cord. What is your greatest concern when a patient presents with a prolapsed cord? -The fetus being deprived of oxygenated blood -The amniotic sac rupturing -The fetus presenting with a limb -The fetus presenting as a breech birth

The fetus being deprived of oxygenated blood

During a secondary assessment on an adult trauma patient, what is the first area to be assessed? -The heart -The lungs -The spine -The head

The head

You arrive on scene at a dialysis center for a 66-year-old female who is there for her dialysis treatment and is disoriented. The staff reports that she missed her dialysis appointment yesterday and arrived confused and agitated. What organ failure requires dialysis? -The appendix -The kidneys -The spleen -The gallbladder

The kidneys

Who develops local EMS protocols and provides daily oversight and support to EMS personnel? -The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) -The EMS supervisor -The medical director -Medical control

The medical director

All of the following indicate the need for helmet removal for an injured football player except: -the nose is deformed, and crepitus is noted. -it precludes adequate spinal motion restriction. -it makes assessing or managing airway problems difficult or impossible. -it is a full-face helmet.

The nose is deformed, and crepitus is noted.

In which of the following scenarios has child abuse most likely occurred? -The child has a bruise on each leg in a similar stage of healing. -A distraught parent promptly reports and requests treatment for a seriously injured child. -A first-time parent is overly concerned about a mild injury to their child. -The patient exhibits injuries inconsistent with the caregiver's description of the incident.

The patient exhibits injuries inconsistent with the caregiver's description of the incident.

An adult male patient had a syncopal episode and was evaluated by EMS personnel at his home. He was alert with pale, dry skin. He refused treatment and transport. Later that same day, he experienced a cardiac arrest and died. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this scenario? -Even if all pertinent information was given to the patient regarding his refusal, EMS personnel are liable. -EMS personnel did not fully complete their duty to act. -The patient has the right to self-determination and to make decisions about his care. -There was no need to encourage the patient to receive additional medical care.

The patient has the right to self-determination and to make decisions about his care.

Which of the following is not a reason for tachycardia? -The patient is in pain. -The patient is an athlete. -The patient is afraid. -The patient is excited.

The patient is an athlete.

An unresponsive adult patient has type I diabetes and deep respirations at a rate of 32 breaths per minute. A blood glucometer indicates a blood glucose level of 464 mg/dL. Which of the following statements regarding the patient's ventilatory status is true? -The patient is hyperventilating, likely due to metabolic acidosis. -The patient is hyperventilating, likely due to metabolic alkalosis. -The patient is hyperventilating to increase carbon dioxide levels in the blood. -The patient is hyperventilating to reduce their blood glucose level.

The patient is hyperventilating, likely due to metabolic acidosis.

Which of the following requirements must be met before an analysis of a patient's heart rhythm with an automated external defibrillator (AED)? -The patient is pulseless and unresponsive. -All of these are indications for the application of an AED. -The patient has an altered mental status and a history of heart disease. -The patient is unresponsive for an unknown reason and is breathing.

The patient is pulseless and unresponsive.

For a diabetic patient, which of the following actions is most likely to result in the rapid onset of altered mental status? -The patient decreases their insulin dose. -The patient skips a meal. -The patient gets too little exercise. -The patient consumes juice.

The patient skips a meal.

Which of the following is an example of a subjective statement? -The patient vomited twice during transport. -Bystanders assisted EMS in moving an overweight patient. -The patient has a blood pressure of 160/80 mm Hg. -The patient states, "I don't feel well."

The patient states, "I don't feel well."

During the management of a cardiac arrest, the automated external defibrillator (AED) gives a "no shock advised" message. Which of the following conditions most likely prompted this message? -The patient is in ventricular tachycardia. -The patient is hypothermic. -The patient is in ventricular fibrillation. -The patient's rhythm is asystole.

The patient's rhythm is asystole

A bystander contacts EMS regarding a cyanotic adult patient. What is the most likely sign the bystander is seeing? -The patient is experiencing liver failure -The patient's skin has a bluish color -The patient's skin has a yellowish color -The patient is experiencing hypercarbia

The patient's skin has a bluish color

Which of the following is a contraindication to the administration of nitroglycerin for a patient experiencing likely cardiac chest pain? -The patient has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. -The patient's systolic blood pressure is below 100 mm Hg. -The patient complains of chest pressure but not pain. -The patient has not taken nitroglycerin in the past.

The patient's systolic blood pressure is below 100 mm Hg.

What is the definition of a postictal state? -The period following a seizure characterized by lucidity and good muscle tone -The period following a seizure characterized by a sensation that another seizure is about to occur -The period following a seizure characterized by labored breathing and altered mental status -The period following a seizure characterized by normal breathing and confusion

The period following a seizure characterized by labored breathing and altered mental status

You have assisted in the delivery of a newborn and clamp and cut the umbilical cord. What is the other end of the umbilical cord attached to? -The placenta -The uterus -The ovaries -The fallopian tubes

The placenta

A 20-year-old patient has a possible knee dislocation from skiing. During the physical exam, the presence and quality of the popliteal artery is assessed. What is the location of the popliteal artery? -The dorsal side of foot -The posterior knee -The anteromedial aspect of the thigh -The medial aspect of the ankle

The posterior knee

Which of the following describes type I diabetes? -The production of antibodies to pancreatic beta cells -A condition in which insulin resistance develops -An abnormally high blood glucose level -An abnormally low blood sugar

The production of antibodies to pancreatic beta cells

A 70-year-old male awoke to find that he could not move the left side of his body. He has likely suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Which area of the brain has most likely been injured in this case? -The pons -The left hemisphere of the cerebrum -The right hemisphere of the cerebrum -The medulla oblongata

The right hemisphere of the cerebrum

If a peanut is aspirated, where is it most likely to become lodged? -Left mainstem bronchus -Left bronchioles -Right mainstem bronchus -Left lung alveoli -Carina

The right mainstem bronchus

What is the first priority in regard to scene safety? -The safety of patients, bystanders, and their property -The triage of patients -The safety of all responders -The safety of oneself

The safety of oneself

Which of the following statements concerning an infant's or a child's airway is false? -The tongues of infants and children are proportionately smaller than those of adults. -The diaphragms of infants and children support breathing to a greater degree than those of adults. -The trachea of infants and children are smaller than those of adults. -The respiration rates of infants and children are greater than those of adults.

The tongues of infants and children are proportionately smaller than those of adults.

A 16-year-old patient was struck in the mouth by a thrown baseball, knocking an incisor out of its socket. Which of the following is not true about the proper management of a permanent tooth avulsion? -Reimplantation should occur within one hour after the incident. -The tooth should be rinsed immediately with copious amounts of water. -The tooth may be placed in sterile saline to be transported. -The tooth may be placed in cold milk to be transported.

The tooth should be rinsed immediately with copious amounts of water.

Which of the following best describes a nuchal cord? -The top of the baby's head begins to appear at the vaginal opening. -The baby's head descends into the mother's pelvis, positioning for delivery. -The umbilical cord exits the vagina ahead of the fetus. -The umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck.

The umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck.

A nearly full-term pregnant female called for assistance after discovering that her water broke. She is not experiencing contractions. Which of the following is true regarding this scenario? -The second stage of labor is underway. -The baby is in danger of suffocation. -This may be a normal progression of labor. -The patient is experiencing a miscarriage.

This may be a normal progression of labor.

A 65-year-old male complains of substernal chest pain that he rates as an eight on a pain scale of ten. He has a cardiac history and is prescribed 0.4 mg of nitroglycerin for the associated chest pain. Assuming no contraindications arise, what is the common number of doses of nitroglycerin that EMS personnel may assist in administering? -Three doses -Two doses -Four doses -Until the pain subsides

Three doses

A 66-year-old patient has a sudden-onset unilateral facial droop, slurred speech, unequal pupils, and right-sided neurological deficits. With suspicion for an ischemic stroke, within what period should medication treatment begin? -Six hours -Irrelevant, as ischemic strokes do not respond to medication therapy -Three hours -Eight hours

Three hours

There are four separate chambers of the human heart: two atria and two ventricles. From which vessel does the left atrium receive blood? -Through the aorta -Through the pulmonary veins -Through the vena cava -Through the pulmonary arteries

Through the pulmonary veins

Which of the following would most effectively represent proper communication with a patient? -To a 64-year-old female: "Ma'am, it is important that you are assessed at an emergency department." -To a 4-year-old child, "I think you've fractured your tibia. We'll stabilize you here and transport you to the hospital for an open-reduction internal fixation." -To an intoxicated 32-year-old male, "Come on, get up. You feel no pain anyway." -To a 12-year-old male, "Do you want to hold your mommy's hand while I bandage you?"

To a 64-year-old female: "Ma'am, it is important that you are assessed at an emergency department."

What is the purpose of an incident command system? -To provide a training program for first responders -To ensure responder and public safety, achieve incident management goals, and promote the efficient use of resources -To evaluate the EMS response to an event -To standardize incident management for all hazards across all levels of government

To ensure responder and public safety, achieve incident management goals, and promote the efficient use of resources

What is the purpose of a reassessment? -To identify trends in a patient's condition -To identify patient priority -To validate treatment -To evaluate the need for ALS

To identify trends in a patient's condition

What is the main purpose of an oropharyngeal airway? -To prevent the patient from biting their tongue -To keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway -To prevent the need for suctioning while keeping the airway open -To assist with ventilations for a conscious patient

To keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway

A 56-year-old male is hypothermic and unresponsive. Which of the following is the main goal of this patient's prehospital emergency care? -To provide oral fluids and oxygen -To warm the patient as fast as possible -To prevent further heat loss -To keep the patient active by walking and talking

To prevent further heat loss

What is the purpose of a pelvic binder? -To provide temporary stabilization and reduce internal bleeding -To reduce distal circulation -To stabilize injuries below the knee -To pull part of the body in the direction of its normal alignment

To provide temporary stabilization and reduce internal bleeding

What is the purpose of the head-tilt/chin-lift technique? -To prevent further damage until a C-collar can be applied -To allow access to a foregin body for removal -To relieve an obstruction blocking an otherwise-patent airway when spinal trauma is not suspected -To relieve an obstruction blocking an otherwise-patent airway when spinal trauma is suspected

To relieve an obstruction blocking an otherwise-patent airway when spinal trauma is not suspected

What is the purpose of opening and closing the oxygen tank prior to attaching the regulator? -To ensure the valve is working properly -To check the pressure inside the tank -To ensure the tank is filled -To remove dirt or contaminants from the opening

To remove dirt or contaminants from the opening

What is the goal of CPR? -To prevent brain damage due to lack of oxygenation -To restore spontaneous breathing and circulation -To maintain organ perfusion -To compress the lungs upward and force residual air from them

To restore spontaneous breathing and circulation

What is the main purpose of a detailed physical examination? -To reveal any hidden or less obvious injuries that may not have been found on the initial assessment -To identify and treat changes in the patient's condition -To identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life-threatening conditions -To ensure the safety of EMS personnel, patients, and bystanders

To reveal any hidden or less obvious injuries that may not have been found on the initial assessment

A 36-year-old patient has a decreased level of consciousness. They also need suctioning due to excessive oral secretions blocking their airway. A suction catheter is measured from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe. During suctioning of the patient, how far should the rigid catheter be inserted? -Up to the base of the tongue -Past the vocal cords -Until resistance is encountered -To the depth measured

To the depth measured

When the right ventricle contracts, how does the blood that is contained in the ventricle flow? -To the lungs via the vena cava -To the body via the aorta -To the lungs via the pulmonary arteries -To the heart via the coronary arteries

To the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

How far should a rigid tip suction catheter be inserted into the mouth? -Never past the third molar =To the pre-measured depth -Until resistance is met -Until it reaches the vocal cords, as long as a gag reflex is not present

To the pre-measured depth

Which of the following is defined as the need for increased amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect? -Addiction -Substance abuse -Overdose -Tolerance

Tolerance

Which of the following is not part of the upper airway? -Nasopharynx -Larynx -Oropharynx -Trachea

Trachea

An 18-year-old patient was involved in a motor vehicle crash. Upon examination, an obvious deformity is noted in the left mid thigh, indicating a femur fracture. Which of the following splints would be most appropriate? -Traction splint -Pelvic binder -Rigid splint -Air splint

Traction splint

A 22-year old single mother fractured her ankle while playing with her children. Her leg is clearly deformed, and she reports a pain level of 9/10. Her children, ages 2 and 5, are frightened but cooperative. The patient agrees to transport if her children can accompany her, as no family members or neighbors are available to care for them. Which of the following is the best option? -Secure the mother on the stretcher and call a taxi to transport the children -Secure the mother on the stretcher, place the toddler in a car seat, and secure the seat and the older child to the ambulance bench -Transport the children using appropriate restraint systems in an accompanying police vehicle -Secure the mother and toddler on the stretcher with the older child in a captain's chair

Transport the children using appropriate restraint systems in an accompanying police vehicle

Which of the following is the comparison of vital signs to previous values? -Index of suspicion -Reassessment -Trending -Triage

Trending

A full-term pregnant patient is in active labor. As the baby's head delivers, the umbilical cord is observed to be around the baby's neck. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? -Pull the cord to loosen it before attempting further intervention -Clamp and cut the cord -Gently push the head back into the vagina -Try to slip the cord over the baby's head

Try to slip the cordover the baby's head

Personal protective equipment is mandatory for all patient-care activities when contact with body fluids or airborne droplets is possible. Which of the following medical conditions would warrant the use of an N95 mask? -Diptheria -Community-acquired pneumonia -Pertussis -Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

A 63-year-old patient was found unresponsive and pulseless. CPR has been initiated by another rescuer. An automated external defibrillator (AED) is available. What is the most appropriate next step? -Wait until five cycles (two minutes) of CPR have been completed before using the AED -Analyze the patient's heart rhythm with the AED -Turn on the AED -Apply the AED

Turn on the AED

A semiconscious adult patient requires suctioning due to copious amounts of mucus without likely foreign bodies in the oropharynx. What is the most appropriate method of suctioning? -Suction during withdrawal for no more than 30 seconds -Suction during insertion for no more than 15 seconds -Suction during withdrawal, ensuring the vacuum has a pressure of at least 150 mm Hg -Turn the head to the side (if no spine injury is suspected)

Turn the head to the side (if no spine injury is suspected)

What is the correct procedure for removing oral secretions from the oropharynx of a conscious patient without visible foreign bodies and with no suspected C-spine injury? -Log-roll the patient to thir side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger -Insert an oropharyngeal airway to ensure a patent airway -Continuously ventilate the patient to ensure appropriate oxygenation -Turn the patients's head to the side, open the mouth, insert the catheter, and suction in a circular motion during withdrawal

Turn the patients's head to the side, open the mouth, insert the catheter, and suction in a circular motion during withdrawal

Which of the following is an acceptable rate of spontaneous breaths per minute for a nine-year-old child with no current medical problems? -Twenty breaths per minute -Five breaths per minute -Twelve breaths per minute -Ten breaths per minute

Twenty breaths per minute

How many lobes are there in a normal left lung? -Four -Three -One -Two

Two

How long should CPR be conducted between automated external defibrillator (AED) assessments of a patient's cardiac rhythm? -Three minutes -One minute -Five minutes -Two minutes

Two minutes

Which of the following is not an example of a mass-casualty incident? -A bleacher collapse from which 20 patients have no obvious deformities upon arrival -Two patients in cardiac arrest -Show ExplanationA multi-car crash involving five patients -An active fire in a full apartment building, with no one currently injured

Two patients in cardiac arrest

A 22-year-old female fell from a two-story apartment window onto concrete. She is conscious, appears alert, and denies any loss of consciousness, but she does complain of cervical spine pain. Which of the following findings is expected? -Dyspnea -Unequal pupils -Urticaria -Abnormal capillary refill time

Unequal pupuls

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in adolescents? -Unintentional injuries -Congenital abnormalities -Cancer -Suicide

Unintentional injuries

An adult female patient is showing signs and symptoms of shock and has a tender, rigid abdomen. She reports vomiting material that looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is most likely causing her symptoms? -Appendicitis -Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding -Hemorrhoids -Renal calculi

Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding

When a patient is placed on a long backboard, which of the following areas is secured first? -Upper legs -Pelvis -Head -Upper torso

Upper torso

A large truck containing potentially hazardous materials was involved in an accident. What is the safest point of entry into the scene? -Upwind and uphill -Downwind and uphill -Downwind and downhill -Upwind and downhill

Upwind and uphill

Which of the following is a hollow organ in the body? -Pancreas -Kidney -Spleen -Ureter

Ureter

Which of the following is the opposite of urinary incontinence? -Kyphosis -Cystitis -Renal calculi -Urinary retention

Urinary retention

You are called to a local park for a 6-year-old female who was stung by a bee. When you arrive, you find your patient alert and oriented with hives present on her face, neck, and chest. What is the medical term for hives? -Uncinaria -Anarthria -Hematuria -Urticaria

Urticaria

What is the most appropriate way to clean blood off a stretcher's metal rails and mattress? -Use an alcohol-water solution to wipe the stretcher and mattress -Use an antibacterial soap and hot water to wipe the stretcher and mattress -Use a bleach-water solution to wipe the stretcher and mattress -Consider it contaminated and request a new stretcher before returning to service

Use a beach-water solution to wipe the stretcher and mattress

A responsive adult patient complaining of shortness of breath could benefit from oxygen delivered via a non-rebreather mask, but they are unable to tolerate a mask on their face. What is the most appropriate next step? -Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute -Avoid providing oxygen altogether -A simple oxygen mask at 15 liters per minute held 4 inches away from the patient's face. -Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at six liters per minute

Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at six liters per minute

An adult male is found on the ground in his yard complaining of neck and back pain. He states he was working on the roof when he lost his balance and fell to the ground. An appropriately sized cervical collar is not available. What is the most appropriate next step? -Use the next-largest or next-smallest size of cervical collar -Leave the neck unsecured -Use a rolled towel taped to the backboard while providing continuous manual support -Secure the neck using the backboard only

Use a rolled towel taped to the backboard while providing continuous manual support

Which of the following is a common cause of error when using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)? -Stopping a vehicle before applying the AED to a patient during transport -Use of AED in a moving vehicle -Presence of ventricular tachycardia -Pressing the on/off button instead of the shock button

Use an AED in a moving vehicle

A frightened five-year-old boy with a patent airway requires some oxygenation but strongly resists receiving oxygen by mask. What is the most appropriate method of delivering oxygen in this case? -Insert an oropharyngeal airway -To prevent anxiety, do not administer oxygen -Use the blow-by technique -Hold the mask firmly over the childs face and tell him to breathe

Use the blow-by technique

You are preparing to apply an AED to a male patient in cardiac arrest and note he has a hairy chest. There is no safety razor available to shave the chest. What would be an appropriate action? -Adjust the placement of both pads to the back of the patient -Use the extra set of AED pads to remove chest hair, then apply new pads -Adjust the placement of the superior pad to the abdomen of the patient -Place the pads anyway and press them while defibrillating

Use the extra set of AED pads to remove chest hair, then apply new pads

A 28-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident. She is unresponsive and apneic. All attempts at opening her airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver have failed. What is the most appropriate next step? -Ventilate her with a bag-valve mask and reservoir bag -Use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open her airway -Attempt mouth-to-mask ventilation -Insert two nasal airways and apply high-flow oxygen therapy

Use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open her airway

Which of the following is not an appropriate technique for stress reduction? -Changing work hours -Progressive muscle relaxation -Exercising regularly -Using sedatives to sleep

Using sedatives to sleep

Which of the following is part of the upper airway? -Alveoli -Uvula -Carina -Bronchioles

Uvula

A 66-year-old patient with a cardiac history complains of feeling faint every time he bears down to have a bowel movement. Which of the following is most likely causing his complaint? -Vagus nerve stimulation -Anxiety -Supine hypotensive syndrome -Syncope

Vagus nerve stimulation

Which major blood vessel carries deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood to the heart? -Pulmonary artery -Pulmonary vein -Vena cava -Aorta

Vena Cava

A patient is bleeding from a leg wound. The blood is dark red and flowing steadily. Which of the following is the most likely source of bleeding? -Internal -Arterial -Capillary -Venous

Venous

Which of the following actions during CPR is most likely to cause gastric distension? -Chest compressions that are being delivered too fast -Ventilations that are performed through an open airway -Ventilations that do not have enough supplemental oxygen -Ventilations that are too forceful

Ventilations that are too forceful

If an automated external defibrillator (AED) analyzes a shockable rhythm, which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is most likely evident? -Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter -Ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia -Pulseless electrical activity -Asystole

Ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia

Which of the following dysrhythmias is most likely to deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation? -Atrial tachycardia -Atrial fibrillation -Ventricular tachycardia -Asystole

Ventricular tachycardia

Which of the following is a common finding in hyperglycemia but not hypoglycemia? -Unsteady gait -Rapid, bounding pulse -Vomiting -Hypotension

Vomiting

Which of the following signs is not commonly seen in a patient with a foreign body airway obstruction? -Vomiting -Cyanosis -Non-productive coughing -Stridor

Vomiting

Which of the following signs is not an indicator that a patient may be experiencing inadequate breathing? -Tachypnea in the presence of shrtness of breath -Cyanosis around the lips and nail beds -Adventitious breath sounds -Warm, dry skin with normal capillary refill

Warm, dry skin with normal capillary refill

Which of the following is the most appropriate way to avoid infection when dealing with a patient who has a fever and a productive cough? -Wash hands after transporting the patient -Wear gloves -Keep three feet away from the patient at all times -Wear gloves and a mask with eye protection

Wear gloves and a mask with eye protection

Which of the following is a likely indication for the prehospital administration of epinephrine? -Hives due to an allergic reaction -Hypoglycemia due to an adjusted insulin dose -Wheezing due to an allergic reaction -Chest pain secondary to acute myocardial infarction

Wheezing due to an allergic reaction

When is it not appropriate to apply pressure to a bleeding head wound? -When the patient has an altered mental status -When neurological deficits are evident -When a cervical spine injury is suspected -When a skull fracture is suspected

When a skull fracture is suspected

When is it appropriate to disturb a crime scene? -When absolutely necessary while caring for a patient -Never -When gathering evidence -When medical direction advises

When absolutely necessary while caring for a patient

A 21-year-old male suffered a possible spinal injury while skiing. He is still wearing his ski helmet during the initial assessment. Inline stabilization is adequate at this time. When should his helmet be removed? -When it is time to apply a cervical collar -Prior to positioning the patient on a long backboard -When assessing the patient's level of consciousness -When it prevents assessment of the airway

When it prevents assessment of the airway

Which of the following is a reason to stop CPR in a prehospital setting? -When medical direction advises discontinuation -After a provider has completed 10 cycles of chest compressions and starts to feel fatigued -After three shocks have been provided via an automated external defibrillator -When ALS is en route

When medical direction advises discontinuation

When should an oropharyngeal airway be used for a pediatric patient? -When the child is in respiratory distress and needs supplemental oxygen -When the child is unconscious and unable to sustain an open airway spontaneously -When the child is unresponsive from ingesting a caustic substance -When the child is conscious but unable to breathe

When the child is unconscious and unable to sustain an open airway spontaneously

When should the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver be used on a trauma patient? -When cervical spine stabilization is accomplished -When the jaw-thrust maneuver fails to open the airway -When basic life support resuscitation has been performed for at least 15 minutes -When no medical backup is available for assistance

When the jaw-thrust fails to open the airway

When is the correct time to perform a secondary assessment on an unstable patient? -Prior to leaving the scene but after life threats have been managed -Upon arrival at the scene -Directly after taking baseline vital signs at the scene -While en route to the hospital, only after life threats are managed

While en route to the hospital, only after life threats are managed

An unresponsive but restrained child is in the backseat of a vehicle at the scene of an MVA. The car has sustained minimal damage, and the child has no signs of obvious trauma. What is the most appropriate way to open this child's airway? -With the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver -With the cross-finger technique -With the jaw-thrust maneuver -By pulling the tongue forward with one hand and pushing backward on the forehead

With the jaw-thrust maneuver

If an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is left untreated, 90% of affected myocardial cells will die within what time frame? -Within 30 minutes to one hour -Within one to three hours -Within six to eight hours -Within four to six hours

Within four to six hours

Which of the following is not an effective technique for stress reduction? -Working extra hours -Limiting agitation over situations that are outside your control -Avoiding negative/hostile personalities -Expanding a support system beyond coworkers

Working extra hours

An adult construction worker severed his thumb with a power saw. Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for this patient? -Apply a tourniquet to the wrist to control bleeding, decontaminate the thumb, then place it in a plastic bag and keep it cool -Wrap the amputated finger in a sterile dressing and place it in a bag with ice -Wrap the amputated finger in a sterile dressing, place it in a plastic bag, and lay the bag on ice -Apply a tourniquet to the hand to control bleeding, decontaminate the thumb, then place it in a plastic bag and keep it cool

Wrap the amputated finger in a sterile dressing, place it in a plastic bag, and lay the bag on ice

An adult patient amputated their right hand at the wrist. How should the amputated hand be cared for? -Wrap the hand in sterile gauze and immerse it in a tub of ice -Wrap the hand in plastic and immerse it directly in a tub of ice water -Wrap the hand in a sterile dressing and then in a dry plastic bag, keeping it cool -Place the hand against the patient to keep it warm

Wrap the hand in a sterile dressing and then in a dry plastic bag, keeping it cool

Which of the following describes the appropriate sizing of a sphygmomanometer? -Wrapped around the arm 1 to 1.5 times, spanning two-thirds the length of the armpit to the elbow crease -Wrapped around the arm 1 time, spanning two-thirds the length of the armpit to the elbow crease -Wrapped around the arm 2 times, spanning half the length of the armpit to the elbow crease -Wrapped around the arm 1 to 1.5 times, spanning half the length of the armpit to the elbow crease

Wrapped around the arm 1 to 1.5 times, spanning two-thirds the length of the armpit to the elbow crease

Which of the following best defines the term "standard of care?" -A scope of care that an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) is able to provide for a patient -A code of conduct affecting character, conduct, and conscience -An established process to determine the qualifications necessary to practice a particular profession or function -Written, accepted levels of emergency care based on training and profession

Written, accepted levels of emergency care based on training and profession

Which of the following medications is used for an acute asthma exacerbation? -Cromolyn -Xopenex -Fluticasone -Salmeterol

Xopenex

Which of the following diabetic patients would likely benefit from the administration of oral glucose? -An alert and oriented patient who has hot, dry skin -A confused patient who has hemiparesis and dysphagia -An unconscious patient who may have accidentally taken too much insulin -A confused patient who is cool and clammy with a patent airway

confused patient who is cool and clammy with a patent airway

You have a 12-year-old female patient who was skateboarding at a local skate park. She fell off the board, striking her face on a concrete curb. Her two front teeth were avulsed, and her mother has them in her hand when you arrive. What is the recommended time frame from the time the patient received the trauma to the time of reimplantation? -60 to 120 minutes -20 minutes to 60 minutes -45 minutes to 90 minutes -15 minutes to 90 minutes

20 minutes to 60 minutes

Your adult patient is apneic but has a pulse. Your partner pulls out the bag-valve mask (BVM) and portable oxygen to start ventilation. What is the ventilation rate? -1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds -1 breath every 2 to 5 seconds -1 breath every 5 to 8 seconds -1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds

1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds

Which of the following can cause an open chest injury? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -A deployed airbag -A baseball bat -An intact steering wheel -A bullet -A fractured rib -A knife

1) A bullet 2) A fractured rib 3) A knife

There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect pulmonary ventilation. Which are considered intrinsic factors that cause challenges with maintaining an open airway? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Allergic reactions -Airway obstruction from the tongue -Foregin body airway obstruction -Infections

1) Allergic reactions 2) Airway obstruction from the tongue 3) Infections

Some patients have the right to refuse treatment or withdraw from treatment at any time. Which patients have the right to refuse treatment? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -An emancipated minor -A fifteen year old minor with minor injuries -An adult who is alert and oriented -An alert adult who understands they may die without treatment

1) An emancipated minor 2) An adult who is alert and oriented 3) An alert adult who understand they may die without treatment

You are dispatched to a solo motorcycle accident with unknown injuries. A witness heard a crash and saw a rider and a motorcycle lying in the street in front of her house. What are the four types of motorcycle impacts that are outlined in the EMT textbook that a rider can experience? Select the 4 answer options which are correct. -Uncontrolled crash -Controlled crash -Rear-end crash -Ejection -Side-impact crash -Head-On crash -Rollover -Angular crash

1) Controlled crash 2) Ejection 3) Head-on crash 4) Angular crash

You are called by search and rescue to transport a patient who was found after a two-day search in blizzard conditions. The patient had been camping and had a sleeping bag and warm clothes but still sustained frostbite to his nose and all his fingers and toes. How would you treat the frostbitten areas? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Cover the injury with a dry, sterile dressing -Splint the frostbitten extremity -Remove jewelry from the injured part -Rub or massage the affected area -Apply heat packs -Cover the injury with a wet, sterile dressing

1) Cover the injury with a dry, sterile dressing 2) Splint the frostbitten extremity 3) Remove jewelry from the injured part

During their careers, EMTs will typically see a written document called an advance directive. Which are examples of an advance directive? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Do not resuscitate -Do not revive -Living will -Not advised to resusitate -A durable power of attorney -Do not render care

1) Do not resuscitate 2) Living will 3) A durable power of attorney

If one part of the perfusion triangle is not working, a patient will go into shock. What parts make up the cardiovascular system and are referred to as the perfusion triangle? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Heart -Lungs -Blood vessels -Blood

1) Heart 2) Blood vessels 3) Blood

You are transporting a 3-year-old male with suspected epiglottitis. His mother states he suddenly developed a sore throat and a high fever, and you find him in the tripod position and drooling. How would you treat and transport this patient? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Keep them in a postion of comfort -Use a tongue depressor to assess the patients airway -Administer high-flow oxygen -Transport rapidly but limit the use of the siren

1) Keep them in a position of comfort 2) Administer high-flow oxygen 3) Transport rapidly but limit the use of the siren

The GEMS diamond is an acronym for issues to be considered when assessing older patients. Which of the following make up the GEMS diamond? Select the 4 answer options which are correct. -Signs and symptoms -Medical assessment -General impression -Social assessment -External factors -Environmental assessment -Geriatric patients -Main complaint

1) Medical assessment 2) Social assessment 3) Environmental assessment 4) Geriatric patients

You are assessing an unconscious 42-year-old male who hit a tree at a high rate of speed. The patient was not seatbelted, and there were no airbags in his older vehicle. You notice bruising to his chest, and the steering wheel is bent. After taking his vital signs, you suspect cardiac tamponade based on the Beck triad. What signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade are referred to as the Beck triad? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Rapid, shallow respirations -Increased heart rate -Narrowing pulse pressure -The presence of jugular vein distention -Muffled heart sounds -Tracheal deviation

1) Narrowing pulse pressure 2) The presence of jugular vein distention 3) Muffled heart sounds

Your patient is a 63-year-old female with a history of hypertension with a blood pressure of 200/120 and a complaint of the worst headache she has ever felt. You suspect the patient might be having a hypertensive emergency. What other signs and symptoms would indicate a hypertensive emergency? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Ringing in the ears -Nausea and vomiting -Altered mental status -Weak, thready pulse

1) Ringing in the ears 2) Nausea and vomiting 3) Altered mental status

After the 20th week of gestation, pregnant patients can develop preeclampsia. Which signs and symptoms are characteristic of preeclampsia? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Increased thirst -Severe hypotension -Severe hypertension -Severe, persistent headache -Dull headache -Visual abnormalities

1) Severe hypertension 2) Severe, persistent headache 3) Visual abnormalities

You are called to a private residence for a 24-year-old female who is 32 weeks pregnant and having contractions two minutes apart. Upon arrival, the patient has delivered the newborn with the assistance of her husband. You notice empty beer and whiskey bottles around the house, and the female patient smells of alcohol. Which of the following would you expect to find in a newborn with fetal alcohol syndrome? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Severe respiratory depression -High birth weight -Larger than normal head -Low birth weight -A longer than normal pregnancy -The newborn is premature

1) Severe respiratory depression 2) Low birth weight 3) The newborn is premature

The airway is made up of the upper and lower airways. What is considered the lower airway? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -The bronchioles -The main bronchus -The trachea -The larynx

1) The bronchioles 2) The main bronchus 3) The trachea

When a patient receives injuries from a primary blast (explosion), which organs are most susceptible to damage from pressure changes? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -The heart -The liver -The middle ear -The kidneys -The lungs -The gastrointestinal tract

1) The middle ear 2) The lungs 3) The gastrointestinal tract

Your patient is in the tripod position with severe respiratory distress, and your agency and protocols allow you to use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). What are some general guidelines for a patient to be a candidate for CPAP? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -The pulse oximetry reading is less than 90% -The patient is breathing greater than 26 breaths per minute -The patient is displaying signs of moderate to severe respiratory distress -The patient is unresponsive

1) The pulse oximetry reading is less than 90% 2) The patient is breathing greater than 26 breaths per minute 3) The patient is displaying signs of moderate to severe respiratory distress

To be protected by the Good Samaritan law, there are four conditions that need to be met. Which of the following conditions needs to be met? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -You acted while under duress -You acted in good faith when rendering care -You rendered care without expecting compensation -You acted within the scope of your training

1) You acted in good faith when rendering care 2) You rendered care without expecting compensation 3) You acted within the scope of your training

You are dispatched to the side of the freeway where a patrol officer has stopped a couple for speeding. The officer reports assisting the mother with delivering her baby in the front seat of the car and requesting EMS. Upon your arrival, the mother seems to be doing fine, so you take the newborn from her to perform your assessment. How would you proceed if the newborn's heart rate was greater than 100 beats per minute (BPM)? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Assess the newborn every 90 seconds until the heart rate is normal -Assess the newborn continuously -Keep the newborn warm -Begin assisted ventilation with a BVM and 100% oxygen -Transport the newborn with the mother -Call for ALS backup if avalible

1)Assess the newborn continuously 2) Keep the newborn warm 3) Transport the newborn with the mother

Most often, low blood flow to the heart is caused by coronary artery atherosclerosis. What makes plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, resulting in atherosclerosis? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Proteins -Cholesterol -Calcium -Fatty acids

1)Cholesterol 2)Calcium

Hyperventilation is defined as overbreathing to the point that the level of arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal. Which of the following illnesses could cause a patient to hyperventilate? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Epilepsy -Diabetes -Sepsis -Anaphylaxis

1)Diabetes 2)Sepsis

You and your partner are doing a standby at a charity t-ball tournament when a fly ball goes into the stands, striking a young girl in the face. You grab your medical bag and hurry over to assist. The patient is 13 years old, with blood pouring from her nose. She says the ball hit the tip of her nose, and you do not notice any deformity. How would you treat the patient's epistaxis (nosebleed)? Select the 3 answer options which are correct. -Apply direct pressure, pinch the bridge of the nose -Pack the nostrils with gauze -Have the patient tilt their head back while sitting -Have the patient lean forward while sitting -Apply direct pressure, pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils together -Apply an ice pack to the nose

1)Have the patient lean forward while sitting 2) Apply direct pressure, pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils together 3) Apply an ice pack to the nose

You have assisted in the delivery of a newborn without complications. The placenta has not yet been delivered. What are proper procedures for the delivery and transport of the placenta in this scenario? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -If the placenta delivers on route, wrap the cord and placenta in a towel and place them in a plastic bag surrounded by ice-packs. -If the placenta delivers en route, wrap the cord and placenta in a towel and place them in a plastic bag. -Start transport of the patient and the newborn without waiting for the placenta to deliver. -Wait on scene until the placenta delivers. -Pull gently on the umbilical cord to deliver the placenta.

1)If the placenta delivers en route, wrap the cord and placenta in a towel and place them in a plastic bag 2)Start transport of the patient and the newborn without waiting for the placenta to deliver.

Your partner asks you to place a nasopharyngeal airway into your unconscious patient who has an intact gag reflex. Before inserting the airway, what do you need to do? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Lubricate the tip of the airway with a water-soluble lubricant -Lubricate the tip of the airway with an alcohol-soluble lubricant -Size the airway by measuring from the top of the patient's nose to their earlobe =Size the airway by measuring from the tip of the patient's nose to the bottom of their throat

1)Lubricate the tip of the airway with a water-soluble lubricant 2)Size the airway by measuring from the tip of the patient's nose to their earlobe

Your patient's pulse oximeter reading is 92%. Which would you use to deliver up to 95-100% oxygen? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Venturi mask -Nonrebreathing mask with a reservoir -Bag-valve mask with a reservoir =Mouth to mask device

1)Nonrebreathing mask with a reservoir 2)Bag-valve mask with a reservoir

Seizures are caused by a neurologic episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain and are classified into two basic groups. What are the two basic groups? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Epilepsy -Complex -Partial -Absence -Generalized

1)Partial 2)Generalized

You are dispatched to a construction site for a 33-year-old male roofer who fell 20 feet off the roof, striking his head on a concrete pad. Upon arrival, the patient is unconscious and unresponsive with a weak pulse and agonal respirations. As you are assessing and treating the patient, you suspect the patient has received a traumatic brain injury (TBI). What are the two broad categories that classify traumatic brain injuries? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -Secondary (indirect) injury -Penetrating injury -Primary (direct) injury -Closed injury -Blunt injury

1)Secondary (indirect) injury 2)primary (direct) injury

Which arteries supply the head and brain with blood? Select the 2 answer options which are correct. -The left subclavian artery -The left carotid artery -The right subclavian artery -The right carotid artery

1)The left carotid artery 2)The right carotid artery

The cardiac muscle cells have a unique characteristic that is not found in any other types of muscle cells. What is this unique characteristic called? -Automaticity -Elasticity -Spontaneity -Impulsivity

Automaticy

Your unit is called to transport a 65-year-old male with abdominal pain from a private physician's office to the emergency department. The patient is found on the exam table with his knees drawn up to his chest (guarding), and he's moaning in pain. The physician suspects the patient has peritonitis and needs him evaluated at the hospital. Besides guarding, what is a common sign in patients with peritonitis? -Abdominal distention -Lack of appetite -Nausea -Vomiting

Abdominal distention

Which is the most effective method of dislodging and forcing an object out of the airway of a conscious child or adult? -Back slaps -Abdominal thrusts -Chest compressions -Chest thrusts

Abdominal thrusts

While making dinner at your station, you hear a knock on the door. You open the door to find a father holding his two-year-old son who has a seal-bark cough and difficulty breathing. The father says his son has had a low-grade fever for two days and was given children's Tylenol. What is the best treatment you can provide for your patient? -Administer children's cough syrup -Withhold oxygen -Administer humidified oxygen -Administer bronchodilators

Administer humidified oxygen

You are called to an 87-year-old female who fell while getting out of bed and hit her head on her bedside table. The patient is conscious, alert, and oriented when you arrive, with a hematoma and a 2" laceration to her forehead. While assessing her pupils, you notice they are uneven. Her family states that she was born with unequal pupils and that is normal for her. What is the medical term for someone who was born with unequal pupils? -Glaucoma -Anisocoria -Cataracts -Astigmatism

Anisocoria

When performing CPR on an adult patient, what is the correct depth of compression? -At least 1 1/2 inches -At least 2 inches -At least 3 inches -At least 1 inch

At least 2 inches

You are transporting a 26-year-old woman who is 38 weeks pregnant with contractions 2 minutes apart. En route, the patient screams "the baby is coming!" You look under the sheet and notice the infant's buttocks presenting first. What type of presentation is this called? -Breech presentation -Vertex presentation -Normal presentation -Limb presentation

Breech presentation

You are dispatched to a parking garage for an unknown age female with a headache. When you arrive, the patient tells you that she feels a migraine coming on and needs to go to the hospital because she is unable to drive. What causes migraines? -Changes in blood vessel size at the base of the brain -Inflamed mengings covering the brain -Pressure in the sinus cavities -Muscle contractions in the head and neck

Changes in blood vessel size at the base of the brain

Your patient is a 34-year-old male who was ejected from his motorcycle at a high rate of speed. He was not wearing a helmet and is unresponsive with an irregular breathing pattern. His respirations are fast and deep, followed by a period of apnea. How would you describe your patient's respirations? -Normal respirations -Tachypneic respirations -Kussmaul respirations -Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

What is the third stage of labor? -Onset of contractions -Delivery of the placenta -Dilation of the cervix -First appearance of the baby's head (crowning)

Delivery of the placenta

You are assessing a patient complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing with a history of angina. During your patient assessment, when will you first take a complete set of the patient's vital signs? -During the primary assessment -During the secondary assessment -During the focused exam -During the reassessment

During the secondary assessment

You are called by the bouncer of a nightclub who has a 24-year-old female complaining of drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting after taking liquid ecstasy. While you are assessing the patient, her friend tells you that the patient took liquid ecstasy one hour ago and has consumed five cocktails in the same time frame. What drug is commonly known as liquid ecstasy? -Klonopin -Katamine -Xanax -Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

You are called to a private residence for an unknown medical emergency. When you enter, you observe a conscious male who is performing the universal sign of choking. What is the universal distress signal for choking? -Pointing to their mouth -Hands pressed against their chest -Hands around or clutching at their throat -Pointing to their throat

Hands around or clutching at their throat

The Occupational and Safety Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to offer which type of hepatitis vaccine to their employees who may come into contact with blood? -Hepatitis A -Hepatitis B -Hepatitis C -Hepatitis D

Hepatitis B

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to provide personal protective equipment (PPE) and what else for EMS personnel? -Health insurance -Sick leave -Cold and flu medicaitons -Immunizations

Immunizations

You are transporting a patient who is 12 weeks pregnant with a chief complaint of vaginal bleeding and right flank pain. The patient has a past history of two miscarriages and an ectopic pregnancy. Where do ectopic pregnancies typically occur? -In a fallopian tube -In an ovary -In the uterus -In the urethra

In a fallopian tube

There are many transmission methods for being exposed to an infectious disease. Which method of infectious disease is transmitted from an infected patient through an inanimate object? -Direct contact -Indirect contact -Airborne transmission -Foodborne transmission

Indirect contact

You are assessing a 56-year-old female with an altered level of consciousness. Family members stated she was eating breakfast and suddenly started asking strange questions and was not responding appropriately to their questions. Using the mnemonic AEIOU-TIPS to review the possible causes of altered mental status, what does the second "I" represent? -Ingestion -Ischemia -Insulin -Infection

Infection

Crush syndrome can develop when an area of the body is trapped for some time, compromising arterial blood flow. How long does the area of the body need to be trapped for crush syndrome to develop? -Longer than six hours -Longer than four hours -Longer than three hours -Longer than two hours

Longer than four hours

You have an unresponsive patient and your partner asks you to put in an oropharyngeal airway. What is the correct method of selecting the proper size? -Measure from the patients earlobe or angle of the jaw to the top of their nose -Measure from the patients earlobe or angle of the jaw to the corner of their mouth -Measure from the top of the patients ear or angle of the jaw to the corner of their mouth -Measure from the patients earlobe or angle of the jaw to their trachea

Measure from the patients earlobe or angle of the jaw to the corner of their mouth

You are on scene at an indoor hockey rink with a 24-year-old male who collapsed during practice after receiving a hit from another player. His teammates removed his helmet, and the patient is lying in a supine position. He has a weak pulse and a respiratory rate of 6 breaths per minute. What is the best way to manage this patient's airway? -Perform a head tilt-chin lift maneuver, place on oral airway, and transport -Perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver and place a nonrebreather mask with an oxygen flow of 10 liter per minute -Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver, place a nasal airway, and ventilate with a bag-valve mask attached to oxygen -Perfrom the jaw-thrust maneuver and place a nasal cannula with an oxygen flow of 2 liters per minute

Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver, place a nasal airway, and ventilate with a bag-valve mask attached to oxygen

You respond to a call for a 22-year-old female who is in active labor. Upon your arrival, you find the patient in the bathtub, and she tells you that she can feel part of the baby coming out. Upon your inspection, you see an arm presenting. How would you position your patient for transport? -On her left side -On her right side -On her back with her pelvis level -On her back with her pelvis elevated

On her back with her pelvis elevated

You are called to an obstetrician's office to transport a pregnant patient who had a seizure during her exam. She is awake and disoriented with a patent airway when you arrive. Which position do you want to place your patient on the gurney for transport? -In the supine position -On her right side -On her left side -In the high-Fowler's position

On her left side

While assessing your 46-year-old female patient who was ejected from the back of a truck, you discover the entire right side of her face is avulsed with a large flap of skin still partially attached. There is no evidence of foreign materials in the wound. The patient is conscious, alert, and oriented with a patent airway. Once c-spine is taken, what is the recommended treatment for the avulsion? -Place the flap of skin in the position found, then apply an occlusive dressing. -Place the flap of skin in a position as close to normal as possible, then apply a dry, sterile dressing. -Leave the flap of skin in the position found, then apply a wet, sterile dressing. -Place the flap of skin in a position as close to normal as possible, then apply a wet, sterile dressing.

Place the flap of skin in a position as close to normal as possible, then apply a dry, sterile dressing.

When providing patient care, EMTs operate under standing orders. What are standing orders? -Guidelines that teach EMTs how to perform certain skills -Protocols that designate what an EMT is required to do for a specific complaint or condition -Orders that an emergency dispatcher gives to EMS providers -The responsibility of an EMT to provide emergency care when off duty

Protocols that designate what an EMT is required to do for a specific complaint or condition

Which of the following is the term used to describe the care an EMT is legally able to provide for a patient? -Scope of practice -Standard of care -Duty to act -Standing orders

Scope of practice

You and your crew are preparing to log roll a 55-year-old male patient onto a backboard after he fell 20 feet off a ladder while cleaning his gutters. All team members are in place to log roll the patient. Which team member is the team leader and will orchestrate the movement of the patient? -The person at the legs -The person at the shoulders -The person at the head -The person at the waist

The person at the head

What is one contraindication to inserting a nasopharyngeal airway? -Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose -Unconscious patient with a gag reflex -Semiconscious patient with a gag reflex -Unconscious patient with blood coming from the mouth

Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose

You are dispatched to an unknown medical emergency. Upon arrival, you find a 64-year-old male with a history of sickle cell disease. What is the most common chief complaint in patients with sickle cell disease? -Severe pain -Nausea and vomiting -Constipation -Difficulty breathing

Severe pain

You and your partner receive a call for an unresponsive male at an assisted living facility. When you arrive, the family is in the room with their 93-year-old father who was found unresponsive five minutes ago. The family states that the patient has an advance directive and does not wish to have resuscitative measures, but the document is not in their possession. What would you do in this situation? -Do not start CPR. If the family says the patient has an advance directive, you can believe them. -Wati to start CPR while the family tries to reach the patients physician -Start CPR and explain to the family that, without the document, you have a legal duty to provide medical care -Call your supervisor for guidance.

Start CPR and explain to the family that, without the document, you have a legal duty to provide medical care

You respond to an urgent care clinic for an unresponsive 76-year-old female with CPR in progress. Upon arrival, you see the staff performing CPR on the female. A nurse says that CPR began after the nurse witnessed the patient's arrest. The nurse adds that they withheld using the AED because the patient has an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator. What steps would you take? -Take over performing CPR and withhold applying an AED -Have the staff stop CPR and request the coroner -Call medical control for advice while the staff continues CPR -Take over perfroming CPR and apply an AED

Take over performing CPR and apply an AED

You are called to a restaurant for an unknown medical emergency. When you arrive, the manager takes you to the ladies' restroom for a woman who may be having a baby. You find a 33-year-old pregnant female standing in a stall with water surrounding her feet. She tells you that she is due in one week and that her water broke. What does it mean when a patient says their water broke? -The bladder has ruptured -The placenta has ruptured -The uterus has ruptured -The amniotic sac has ruptured

The amniotic sac has ruptured

To measure the efficiency of the heart, the volume of blood pumped and the heart rate need to be measured, which is determined by calculating the cardiac output. The cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the heart rate by the stroke volume. What is stroke volume? -The amount of blood that passes through the heart in two minutes -The amount of blood that passes through the heart in one minute -The amount of blood that passes through the heart in 15 seconds -The amount of blood that passes throught the heart in 30 seconds

The amount of blood that passes through the heart in one minute

You are dispatched to a liquor store for an older adult male with an altered level of consciousness. When you arrive, the cashier tells you that he called because an older gentleman was acting irrationally. You approach the patient, who smells strongly of alcohol and has facial drooping on his right side. The patient has an altered level of consciousness and struggles with you when you attempt to place him on the gurney. What law principle allows EMTs to treat a patient with an altered level of consciousness during an emergency? -The emergency medical care principle -Expressed concent -An advance directive -The emergency doctrine

The emergency doctrine

A patient can experience chest pain when they have angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the cause of pain is for different reasons. Why is the patient with AMI experiencing chest pain? -The pain that occurs from an AMI signals the death of cells in the heart muscle. -The pain that occurs form an AMI signifies an arterial spasm. -The pain that occurs from an AMI signifies a lack of oxygen. -The pain that occurs from an AMI signifies a decrease in carbon dioxide.

The pain that occurs from an AMI signals the death of cells in the heart muscle.

Asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) are two rhythms that are not shockable when analyzed by an automated external defibrillator (AED). How is pulseless electrical activity defined? -The patient is in cardiac arrest, and there is no electrical activity remaining in the heart. -The patient is in cardiac arrest, and the rhythm is flatline. -The patient is in cardiac arrest, but there is still an organized electrical complex.

The patient is in cardiac arrest, but there is still an organized electrical complex.

You are treating a patient in respiratory distress and their pulse oximetry reading is 90%. What does the pulse oximeter measure? -The percentage of carbon dioxide in the blood -The percentage of hemoglobin saturation -The patient's respiratory status -The adequacy of oxygenation

The percentage of hemoglobin saturation

You are treating a 16-year-old female who had a seizure while sitting in her classroom. Her teacher placed her on the floor and she is uninjured. Your patient is unconscious with a clear airway and normal breathing. Which position would you place the patient to maintain a patent airway? -The supine postion -The prone position -The recovery position -The semi-Fowler's postion

The recovery postion

You are assessing a 56-year-old-male with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. He states that he has been having some digestive issues for one week, combined with flu-like symptoms. What organ located in the stomach does not aid in digestion? -The liver -The spleen -The pancreas -The gallbladder

The spleen

CPR is not recommended in certain situations where there are definitive signs of death, one being if a patient has rigor mortis. What is rigor mortis? -The decomposition of the body's tissues -The stiffening of the body's muscles after death -Mortal damage such as dismemberment or decapitiation -A discoloration of the skin caused by blood settling to the lowest point of the body

The stiffening of the body's muscles after death

What is the most common airway obstruction in an unconscious patient? -The tongue -Food -Vomit -Foreign objects

The tongue

You are dispatched to a private residence for a 54-year-old male with severe abdominal pain. Upon arrival, you find your patient in the restroom, complaining of severe abdominal pain, which has worsened after eating. The patient has a history of gallstones and pancreatitis. When palpating the abdomen, where do you expect the patient to have the most pain if he is experiencing pancreatitis? -The upper left and the upper right quadrants -The lower left and lower right quadrants -The upper right and lower right quadrants -The upper left and lower right quadrants

The upper left and upper right quadrants

You are taking full spinal precautions on a patient who was involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident with possible spinal injuries. You and your crew are applying an extrication device to the patient before placing them on a backboard. Once the extrication device is properly positioned, which straps on the device will be fastened first? -The mid-torso straps -The upper torso straps -The groin straps -The forehead strap

The upper torso straps

How does deoxygenated blood from the body enter the right atrium of the heart? -Through the pulmonary veins -Through the vena cava -Through the right ventricle -Through the pulmonary artery

Through the vena cava

After starting CPR on a patient, you must continue until one of four events occurs. The mnemonic STOP identifies these four events. Using the STOP mnemonic, what does the "T" represent? -Trauma -Triage -Transferred -Time

Transferred

Almost one-third of people who are killed immediately in a vehicle accident die from what type of chest injury? -Tension pneumothorax -Cardiac tamponade -Traumatic rupture of the aorta -Spontaneous pneumothorax

Traumatic rupture of the aorta

Your EMS unit is responding to a private residence for a patient who is vomiting blood. Dispatch advises the patient has hemophilia and is conscious and alert. What is your main concern with a hemophiliac patient? -Being exposed to a communicable disease -Uncontrollable bleeding -Lack of oxygen in the blood -Deep vein trhombosis (DVT)

Uncontrollable bleeding

You are preparing to package and transport a 78-year-old female complaining of left hip pain after she tripped and fell over her dog, landing on a concrete sidewalk. Upon assessment, you find shortening and rotation of her left leg and pain and tenderness upon palpation. What is the preferred method to immobilize the patient's hip for transport? -Use a scoop stretcher with pillows -Use a traction splint -Use an air splint -Use a stair chair

Use a scoop stretcher with pillows

You have just come on shift and receive a call for an unconscious child before having a chance to check your ambulance. Upon arrival, you find a 2-year-old female pulseless and apneic after collapsing in her backyard while playing with the babysitter. You start CPR while your partner sets up the AED. Your partner tells you the pediatric pads are missing from the unit. What would be your next step? -Use adult pads, placing them both on the chest -Use adult pads, cutting them to the proper size -Use adult pads following the anterior-posterior placement =Continue with CPR and do not use the AED

Use adult pads following the anterior-posterior placement

Which is the preferred method to use when ventilating a patient with a tracheostomy tube? -Ventilate using a non-rebreather mask -Ventilate using a child mask and BVM -Ventilate through the tube with a BVM -Ventilate through the tube with a BVM after performing a head tilt chin-lift maneuver

Ventilate through the tube with a BVM

When a patient has an ischemic stroke, how soon does the drug tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) need to be given to increase their chances of reversing the symptoms? -Within the first six hours -Within the first few hours -Within the first five hours -Within the first four hours

Within the first few hours

You are dispatched to a meatpacking factory for an approximately 30-year-old male who amputated two fingers while operating a piece of machinery. Local protocols vary in different jurisdictions on how to properly transport the amputated fingers. Regardless of local protocols, what is the standard method taught to EMTs on how to transport amputated fingers or other body parts? -Wrap the amutated parts in a sterile dressing, place them in a plastic bag filled with cool water, and put the bag in a cooled container -Wrap the amputated parts in a sterile dressing, place them in a dry bag, and place the bag on ice -Wrap the amputated parts in a sterile dressing and place them in a cooled containter on ice -Wrap the amputated parts in a sterile dressing, place them in a dry plastic bag, and put the bag in a cooled container

Wrap the amputated parts in a sterile dressing, place them in a dry plastic bag, and put the bag in a cooled container