NRS 390 Chapt 2

What is a Research purpose

- The specific goal or focus of a study that directs the remaining steps of the research process.

What is Descriptive research

- Type of quantitative research that involves the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.

What is a Correlation study

- Type of quantitative research that involves the systematic investigation of associations between or among variables.

What is Quasi- experimental

- Type of quantitative research that is conducted to examine causal relationships or to determine the effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable, but lacks the control of an experimental study.

What is Reading a research report consist of

- Use of the skills of skimming, comprehending, and analyzing content from a study.

Examining the associations among age, gender, knowledge of AIDS, and use of condoms by college students. What type of study is this?

Correlation

Examining the relationships among hardiness, depression, and coping in institutionalized older adults. What type of study is this?

Correlation

Examining the relationships among the lipid values, blood pressure, weight, and stress levels of adolescents. What type of study is this?

Correlation

Using age, nutritional intake, mobility level, weight, level of cognitive function, and serum albumin to predict the risk for pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients on a medical-surgical unit. What type of study is this?

Correlation _

Comparing the immunization rates in family medicine clinics versus pediatric clinics. What type of study is this?

Descriptive

Determining the stress levels and quality of life of family caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease. What type of study is this?

Descriptive _

Comparing the ages and coping skills of mothers pregnant with their first child in three racial groups (White, Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander). What type of study is this?

Descriptive __

________ and ________ studies are usually conducted in natural settings and are not controlled to the same degree as other types of quantitative research.

_Descriptive _______ and ____correlation__

. Determining the risk behaviors of adolescents and young adults for sexually transmitted diseases. What type of study is this?

_Descriptive__

Frequently, a(n) ____________ sampling method is used in descriptive and correlational studies. However, a(n) ______ ______ sampling method might also be used.

_Non-random and non-probability____ ___Random and probability __

Extraneous variables need to be controlled in ______ and ____________________________ types of quantitative research to ensure that the findings are accurate and not the result of bias or errors.

__Experimental_________ and ___Quasi- experiemental__

Laboratories, research units, and research centers are examples of ______________ settings where experimental research is conducted.

______highly controlled________

A study participant's home is an example of a(n) _______ setting.

__natural___

Identify four elements or steps of the quantitative research process that are included in the methods section of a research report.

Desing Sample Setting Informed consent process Methods of measurements Data collection process

In reading a research report, the analyzing step involves _._____________

Determining the value of the research reports content by examining the quality and completeness of the steps of the research process and the links among these steps

In reading a research report, the comprehending step involves _____________

Identifying and understanding the steps of the research process

What is a Control

Imposing of rules by the researcher to decrease the possibility of error and increase the probability that the study's findings are an accurate reflection of reality.

The problem and purpose are often identified in the ___________ section of a research report.

Introduction

Identify the four major or primary sections of a research report.

Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Wendler et al. (2017, p. 56) reported: "Generalizability ofthe study is hampered by the lack of control group, and a convenience sample was used." In a research report, these are examples of__________.

Limitations

What is a Research problem

- A step in the research process that identifies the gap in nursing knowledge needed for practice and indicates an area for further research.

What are Variables

- Concepts at various levels of abstraction that are measured, manipulated, or controlled in a study.

What is Setting

- Location for conducting research that can be natural, partially controlled, or highly controlled.

What is Sampling

- Process of selecting a group of participants that are representative of the population being studied.

WHat are Limitations

- Restrictions in a study methodology and/or research framework that may decrease the credibility and generalizability of the findings.

What is Applied or clinical research

- Scientific investigations conducted to generate knowledge that will directly influence clinical practice.

What is a Pilot study

- Smaller version of a proposed study conducted to develop and/or refine the methodology, such as the intervention, measurement methods, or data collection process, to be used in a larger study.

what is Interpretation of research outcomes

- Step in the research process that involves exploring the significance of the findings, forming conclusions, considering implications for nursing, and suggesting further studies.

What is Research framework

-The abstract, theoretical basis for a study that enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing's body of knowledge.

The most common sources for nursing research reports are professional journals. Identify three nursing research journals.

Advances in nursing science Applied nursing research Clinical nursing research

What is a Study design

Blueprint for the conduct of a study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the study's desired outcome.

. Researcher control is greatest in what type of quantitative research? _____ __________

Experimental

Examining the effects of thermal applications on the abdominal temperatures of laboratory dogs. What type of study is this?

Experimental _

Examining the effect of impaired physical mobility on skeletal muscle atrophy in laboratory rats. What type of study is this?

Experimental__

_______________ studies should include random assignment of study participants to the intervention and control groups.

Experimental__

What is Generalization

Extension of the implications of the findings from the sample that was studied to the larger population.

What is Quantitative research

Formal, objective, rigorous, systematic process for generating numerical information about the world that describes, tests relationships, and examines cause-and-effect interactions among variables.

Identify two clinical journals that include several research articles in each issue

Geriatric Nursing, __Oncology nursing forum ___

The discussion section ties the other sections of the research report together and gives them meaning. Identify five elements or steps that are included in this section of a research report.

Major finding Link findings to previous study findings Limitations of the study Conclusions drawn from the findings Generalization of the study findings Implications of the findings for nursing Recommendations for further research

he research process is similar to the _______________________ and the _______________________ process.

Problem solving process/Nursing

What is Basic research

Pure scientific investigations conducted for the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake" that are sometimes referred to as bench research.

. Determining the effect of acupressure on fatigue of female nurses with chronic back pain. What type of study is this?

Quasi- experimental

. Determining the effectiveness of an automated reorientation intervention on delirium prevention in critically ill adults. What type of study is this?

Quasi- experimental_

Determining the effects ofa relaxation technique versus standard care on patients' postoperative pain and anxiety levels in a day surgery center. What type of study is this?

Quasi- experimental_

Determining the effect ofwarm and cold applications on the resolution of intravenous (IV) infiltrations in hospitalized patients. What type of study is this?

Quasi- experimental_ / Experimental _

Examining the effects of a preadmission self-instruction program on patients' postoperative activity levels, anxiety levels, pain perception, lengths of hospital stay, and time until return to work. What type of study is this?

Quasi- experimental___

Reading a research report involves ____________, __________, and _______ ______ the content of the report.

Skimming, Comprehending, Analyzing

What are Assumptions

Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true even though they have not been scientifically tested.

List the steps of the quantitative research process in their typical order of occurrence.

Step 1: Research problem and purpose Step 2: Lit review Step 3: Research framework Step 4: Research objectives, questions, or hypothesis Step 5: Study variables Step 6: Research design Step 7: Population and Sample Step 8: Methods of measurements Step 9: data Collection Step 10: Data analysis and results Step 11: Interpretation and research outcomes

The reference list at the end of a research report includes the relevant __ ______ and ____ __________ sources that provide a basis for the study and are cited in the report.

Theoretical/Empirical

Identify four reasons for conducting a pilot study.

To determine if whether the proposed study is feasible To develop or refine a research treatment or intervention To identify problems with the design

Identify three common assumptions on which various nursing studies have been based.

a. Stress should be avoided b. Health is a priority for most people c. Attitudes can be measured with a scale

Hospital units are examples of ____ __________ settings that allow the researchers to control some of the extraneous variables in the study.

partially controlled

Quantitative studies that include interventions are ___________

quasi-experimental and experimental