NSCI 225 Quizzes

After spending an hour in a sensory deprivation pool, Calvin's friend asked him to describe his experience. Which of the below was his friend most likely collecting? A. A phenomenological report B. A magnitude estimation C. An absolute threshold D. Reaction times

A. A phenomenological report

Which color/afterimage pairing is incorrect? A. Blue/Green B. Green/Red C. Blue/Yellow D. Red/Green

A. Blue/Green

Which of the following is not a monocular depth cue? A. Convergence B. Occlusion C. Shading D. Atmosphere perspective E. All of the above are monocular

A. Convergence

Macular degeneration primarily destroys the ______, therefore destroying primarily ______. A. Fovea, Cones B. Fovea, Rods C. Retina, Rods D. Lens, Cones

A. Fovea, Cones

For which frequencies is IID/ILD most useful? A. High Frequencies B. Frequencies between ~1000-5000Hz C. Low Frequencies D. Equally good at all frequencies

A. High Frequencies

Which of the below is FALSE regarding the receptive field for a complex cell? A. It would be a specific length B. It would be in a specific location C. It would be a specific orientation D. It would involve movement E. More than one of the above

A. It would be a specific length

Which layers of the LGN would help you to make out the letters written in small text in a book? # randomize A. Parvocellular B. Magnocellular C. those in the Left LGN D. Those coming from the Left Eye

A. Parvocellular

Which stage of the perceptual process is MOST LIKELY occurring differently for people who perceive "the dress" as black and blue versus the people who see "the dress" as white and gold? A. Perception B. Transduction C. Environmental stimulus D. Stimulus on the receptors

A. Perception

In the Blue/Black vs White/Gold dress image, why do people see the two different color schemes? A. Prior experience is affecting the perceptual process B. Their brain likely missed the "processing" step in the perceptual process C. Different activation of rods and cones between people D. They have varying numbers of rod and cones

A. Prior experience is affecting the perceptual process

According to the Purkinje Shift, a green flower in the dark will_____ A. Retain its brightness better than a red flower B. Lose its brightness since you are switching to cone vision C. Neither A or B D. Both A and B

A. Retain its brightness better than a red flower

Which of the following is the primary monaural cue for localization? A. Spectral cue B. ITD C. Azimuth cue D. Spatial cue

A. Spectral cue

T or F: The correct order in which LIGHT passes through the physical eye BEFORE being transduced is: cornea > iris/pupil > lens > ganglion cells > bipolar cells > rods/cones. A. TRUE B. FALSE

A. TRUE

Damage to the right temporal retina and the left nasal retina will cause which of the following A. The left and right eyes will lose vision in the left visual field B. Blindness in the right eye C. No damage would occur

A. The left and right eyes will lose vision in the left visual field

Damage to the right temporal retina and the left nasal retina will cause which of the following A. The left and right eyes will lose vision in the left visual field B. No damage would occur C. Blindness in the right eye

A. The left and right eyes will lose vision in the left visual field

Which of the following is NOT true of place and timing codes? A. The timing code can work for all frequencies B. A pure timing code works only for low frequencies up to 100hz C. The place code can work for all frequencies D. The volley principle can only get you to about 5000 Hz

A. The timing code can work for all frequencies

Which stage of the perceptual process is knowledge/top-down processing LEAST likely to influence? A. Transduction B. Action C. Perception D. Recognition

A. Transduction

Which step in the perceptual process is most likely to only include bottom-up processing? A. Transduction B. Processing C. Perception D. Recognition E. A & B

A. Transduction

In the cochlea, high frequencies are maximally responsive at the _______ , whereas low frequencies are maximally responsive at ______ . A. base; apex B. depends on the intensity of the sound C. apex; base D. equally responsive at all locations

A. base; apex

Transduction of light stimuli into electrical activity occurs in the retina. What is this process called? A. bleaching B. regeneration C. conduction D. firing

A. bleaching

Corey looks at a flock of seagulls flying in one direction, when suddenly, five of the seagulls start flying in another direction. He now perceives two groups of birds, because of the Gestalt principle of _____. A. common fate B. pragnanz C. uniform connectedness D. similarity E. synchrony

A. common fate

Activity in the PPA _____ A. is similar for pictures of furnished and empty rooms B. reveals a preference for indoor, but not outdoor, scenes C. reveals a preference for body parts over faces D. is higher for pictures of empty rooms than furnished rooms

A. is similar for pictures of furnished and empty rooms

Research using fMRI has found that, although _____ is activated when paying attention to the sounds of familiar voices, it is NOT activated when paying attention to the sounds of unfamiliar voices A. the FFA B. Wernicke's area C. Broca's area D. the STS

A. the FFA

The fact that many different stimuli can produce the same image on the retina is known as: A. the inverse projection problem B. the amodal completion problem C. the binocular disparity problem D. the correspondence problem

A. the inverse projection problem

Which of the following statements is NOT true as it relates to neuronal firing? A. Myelinated portions of axons save energy for the neuron because there are less sodium-potassium pumps in these regions. B. Once the neuron's threshold is met, an action potential actively propagates down an unmyelinated axon. C. An action potential is triggered when the electrical charge at the top of the axon increases to reach a particular threshold. D. The size of the action potential is determined by the intensity of the stimulus. E. Without the nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons, action potentials would not reach the axon terminals.

A??? (not B or E)

The following is a list of frequencies representing harmonics that make up a complex tone. Some of the harmonics have been removed. [600 Hz, 900 Hz, 1200 Hz, 1800 Hz] What is the fundamental frequency? A. 200 Hz B. 300 Hz C. 600 Hz D. 1800 Hz

B. 300 Hz

As you were walking around the forest, you looked around and you realize the number of objects that are oriented vertically and horizontally. What is this an example of? A. Scene Schema B. A Physical Regularity C. A Semantic Regularity D. Light-From-Above Assumption

B. A Physical Regularity

In sound what's the difference between Condensation and Rarefaction? A. Condensation: decrease in pressure pushes particles together; Rarefaction: increases in pressure; particles spread-out B. Condensation: increase in pressure pushes particles together; Rarefaction: decreases in pressure; particles spread-out C. Both condensation and rarefaction decreased in pressure but only rarefaction causes the particles to spread-out.

B. Condensation: increase in pressure pushes particles together; Rarefaction: decreases in pressure; particles spread-out

The fovea of the eye contains which of the following? A. Rods B. Cones C. The Lens D. Cornea E. More than one above

B. Cones

In the dark adaptation procedure, as you spend more time in the dark, your threshold for light _________. A. Increases B. Decreases C. Doesn't change

B. Decreases

All of the following describe the cones as compared to rods EXCEPT for which? A. Lower convergence B. Higher sensitivity C. Higher acuity D. Greater number of types

B. Higher sensitivity

A very dim, red light would tend to have a relatively _____ wavelength and a _____ amplitude compared to a bright blue light. A. Short, Small B. Long, Small C. Short, Large D. Long, Large

B. Long, Small

Which is the best definition for absolute threshold? A. Minimum amount of weight that can be lifted with any muscles B. Minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to detect a stimulus C. Minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to measure a stimulus D. Maximum amount of stimulus energy necessary to detect a stimulus

B. Minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to detect a stimulus

Which V1 neurons are MOST likely to have zero degrees disparity? A. No human neurons have zero degrees disparity B. Neurons with receptive fields in the fovea C. Neurons with receptive fields in the periphery D. Neurons with receptive fields on all parts of the retina

B. Neurons with receptive fields in the fovea

You hand your grandmother a family photo, and she asks you to bring her reading glasses to her so that she can see it better. Which of the following problems is your grandmother most likely correcting for and in what part of her eye does the problem reside? A. Glaucoma, Optic Nerve B. Presbyopia, Lens C. Diabetic Retinopathy, Retina D. Myopia, Lens

B. Presbyopia, Lens

Color is to Wavelength as... A. Amplitude is to Brightness B. Saturation is to Purity C. Brightness is to Purity D. More than one of the above

B. Saturation is to Purity

How is a visual receptive field defined? A. The region on the ganglion receptors that, when stimulated, increase a cells firing rate B. The area on the retina that, when stimulated, causes some change to the cells firing rate C. The region on the cornea that certain receptors are stimulated by D. The area of the visual cortex that becomes active when a stimulus is detected

B. The area on the retina that, when stimulated, causes some change to the cells firing rate

Which statement best describes the steps of the perceptual process? A. The steps are unidirectional, starting at transduction and ending at recognition. B. The sequence of steps, particularly after the first few, is dynamic and constantly changing. C. The steps are unidirectional, starting at the environmental stimulus and ending at knowledge. D. The steps are unidirectional, starting at the environmental stimulus and ending at perception.

B. The sequence of steps, particularly after the first few, is dynamic and constantly changing.

If you showed a group of study participants a beach scene and then briefly flashed a number of objects for them to identify. Which would be the most likely pattern of results. A. They would be likely to identify a loaf of bread better than a mailbox B. They would be like to identify a bucket and shovel and better than a coffee mug C. They would be equally good at identifying all objects D. They would better at identifying any objects presented in the same color as the beach scene

B. They would be like to identify a bucket and shovel and better than a coffee mug

Jalen goes to the eye doctor and claims that items appear blurry if they are closer to him. Which of the following would most likely be true? A. Jalen has macular degeneration B. With Jalen's vision, the image will be focused behind his retina C. Jalen has myopia D. Jalen's visual problem is due to light being bent too much when it enters the eye

B. With Jalen's vision, the image will be focused behind his retina

What would the dBSPL be for a sound with p=20,000,000? A. dB SPL=100 B. dB SPL=120 C. dB SPL=80 D. dB SPL= 1200

B. dB SPL=120

Based on the dark adaptation curve, as time in a darkened room increases we would expect the absolute threshold to _____ A. vary unpredictably B. get smaller C. remain constant D. get larger

B. get smaller

____ waves correspond to reds, and _____ waves correspond to blues. A. higher; lower B. longer; shorter C. lower; higher D. shorter; longer

B. longer; shorter

Which is the best description of the cortical magnification factor occurs in humans? A. the lens accommodates so that the image is magnified on the retina B. the small area of the fovea accounts for a large area on the cortex C. a small area in the peripheral retina accounts for a large area on the cortex D. the area at the optic disk accounts for a large area on the cortex

B. the small area of the fovea accounts for a large area on the cortex

You notice a squirrel sitting in front of a tree on the quad. You know this is a full tree and not just a tree with a squirrel shaped hole because of what? What level of vision does this fall into? A. Amodal completion & early vision B. Modal completion & early vision C. Amodal completion & mid-level vision D. Modal completion & mid-level vision

C. Amodal completion & mid-level vision

Aurelia is holding a 1lb hamster in one hand and 6lb bunny in the other. Brenda is holding a 20lb dog in one hand and a 25lb dog in another. According to Weber's Law, who would have an easier time feeling the difference? A. Brenda B. They would be equally good because in both cases the difference is 5lbs. C. Aurelia

C. Aurelia

I am standing outside thinking about what I have been learning in my plant biology class. I come across a tall object that is green and brown. From my class, I realize it is a specific type of pine tree. Is bottom-up or top-down processing occurring? A. Bottom-up processing B. Top-down processing C. Both D. Neither

C. Both

There are many physical regularities in the environment, things that occur more than others. Which of these is not a physical regularity? A. The fact that there are more horizontal and vertical lines in the environment than oblique orientations B. The light from above assumption C. Common objects in a specific type of scene D. That objects continue behind the object that is occluding it

C. Common objects in a specific type of scene

Lisa got into a car accident and her right outer ear was deformed. Which of the following would most likely be a result? A. Lisa can no longer hear low frequency sounds B. Lisa is worse at identifying sounds left from right, especially on her right side C. Lisa is worse at identifying the elevation of sounds, especially on her right side D. Lisa can no hear high frequency sounds

C. Lisa is worse at identifying the elevation of sounds, especially on her right side

Which if the following is NOT a problem with single cell recording? A. It is hard to find the stimulus to make the cell fire B. It is Invasive C. Poor temporal (timing) resolution D. A single neuron doesn't work in isolation.

C. Poor temporal (timing) resolution

Patient ______ had damage to the _______ pathway, which affected the ______ lobe A. DF; "where" ; temporal B. DF; "what" ; parietal C. RV; "where" ; parietal D. RV; "what" ; temporal

C. RV; "where" ; parietal

Professional stargazers always look slightly to the side of the stars they are viewing because... A. Cones in the periphery are more sensitive to light in dark environments B. Rods in the fovea are more sensitive to light in dark environments C. Rods in the periphery are more sensitive to light in dark environments D. Cones in the fovea are more sensitive to light in dark environments

C. Rods in the periphery are more sensitive to light in dark environments

You are making cupcakes and you'd like your frosting to be the perfect shade of UNC blue by mixing blue icing with just a bit of green icing. What kind of color mixing is this? A. Physical color mixing B. Additive color mixing C. Subtractive color mixing D. Light color mixing

C. Subtractive color mixing

Which of these areas will NOT experience blindness if there is damage to the temporal optic nerve in your left eye and the temporal optic nerve in your right eye? A. The middle of your vision B. The left Visual Field of your right eye. C. The right Visual Field of your right eye. D. The right Visual Field of your left eye.

C. The right Visual Field of your right eye.

The theory centered on the idea that we perceive color with red, green, and blue receptors is known as the __________; however, there is an alternative theory, the ___________ which believes that we have sets of neuron arranged in opposing. A. Multiple-Color Theory; Single-Color Theory B. Primary Separation Theory; Trichromatic Theory C. Trichromatic Theory; Opponent-Process Theory D. Color Separation Theory; Opposition Theory

C. Trichromatic Theory; Opponent-Process Theory

Which cell would have the biggest receptive field? A. Simple cell B. Retinal cell C. V4 cell D. V1 cell

C. V4 cell

According to ______ Law as the size of the standard increases, the difference threshold _________. A. Weber's; decreases B. Fechner's; increases C. Weber's; increases D. Fechner's; decreases

C. Weber's; increases

The lateral plexus is to horseshoe crabs as _____ cells are to humans. A. bipolar B. end-stopped C. horizontal D. ganglion

C. horizontal

What is true about the distribution of rods in the retina? i. There are some in the fovea, ii. There are many in the periphery, iii. There are none in the blind spot, iv. There are fewer overall compared to cones A. i + iv B. iii +iv C. ii + iii D. ii + iii + iv E. i + ii + iii

C. ii + iii

What is the earliest location in the visual pathway at which attention has been found to exert it effects? A. the Retina B. V5 C. the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus D. The Primary Visual Cortex

C. the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

HEARING IMPAIRMENT: Caused by Otosclerosis Conductive Sensory Neural Both Neither

Conductive

What is true about the distribution of cones in the retina? A. There are many in the fovea B. There are none in the blind spot C. There are none in the periphery D. A & B E. All of the above

D. A & B

Select the best description of a problem that can cause myopia A. the cornea or lens bends the light too much. B. the eyeball is too short. C. the eyeball is too long. D. A and C E. A and B

D. A and C

What is sound? A. Pressure changes in the air or other medium B. Pressure changes in tones and pitch C. The experience we have when we hear. D. A and C

D. A and C

Which vision level and function is not correctly paired? A. Early vision- combining and finding features B. Mid vision- depth information with figure and ground C. High level- identifying objects D. All are correct

D. All are correct

Which of the following statements about the moon illusion is FALSE? A. The moon seems larger in angular size when it is near to the horizon. B. It is sometimes referred to as the "flattening of the heavens" C. The retinal image of the moon in both locations is the same size. D. All of the above are TRUE.

D. All of the above are TRUE.

Which approximate wavelengths correspond with the proper color that would be perceived? A. Blue = short wavelengths B. Green = medium wavelengths C. Red = Long wavelengths D. All of the above are correct.

D. All of the above are correct.

What is one difference between amodal and modal completion? A. Modal is completion of objects that are behind something else, whereas amodal is completion of objects in front. B. Modal is for recognizing gestalt cues whereas amodal is for recognizing faces C. Amodal is for recognizing gestalt cues whereas modal is for recognizing faces D. Amodal is completion of objects that are behind something else, whereas modal is completion of objects in front.

D. Amodal is completion of objects that are behind something else, whereas modal is completion of objects in front.

Which is not an example of a monocular cue? A. Shadows B. Occlusion C. Relative Height D. Disparity

D. Disparity

Avery won tickets to see UNC's basketball team play at the Dean Dome, but her seats are very high up. She can reasonably estimate the distance of the players and the basketball on the court because she knows the real size of each. What depth cue does this represent and is it giving relative or absolute depth information? A. Relative size; Relative B. Relative size; Absolute C. Familiar size; Relative D. Familiar size; Absolute

D. Familiar size; Absolute

Which would be true about what is happening in the retina when you walk into a dark room? A. Isomerization will take place in your retina. B. You will experience the Perkinie Shift and be able to see color. C. The rhodopsin in your eyes will become bleached, allowing you to have better night vision. D. Given enough time, rods will adapt more fully and become more sensitive than cones. E. Rods in your retina will adapt faster than cones.

D. Given enough time, rods will adapt more fully and become more sensitive than cones.

You are a researcher recording from a cortical neuron. You shined a horizontal bar of light on the screen but see no significant change from baseline activity. Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to change the activity of the cell? A. move the bar of light to a different location on the screen. B. Change the orientation of the bar of light. C. Move the bar of light back and forth in some direction D. Increase the intensity of the stimulus.

D. Increase the intensity of the stimulus.

Brightness perception is related to the amplitude of a light wave. The perceptual quality for sound that is related to the same wave quality is: A. Hue B. Amplitude C. Pitch D. Loudness

D. Loudness

In which stage of object/scene perception does information about depth appear? A. Between early and mid-level vision B. Early vision C. High-level vision D. Mid-level vision

D. Mid-level vision

At dinner, Carrie asks her sister to pass the salt, but when her sister hands it to her, Carrie has trouble grasping the salt shaker. What is Carrie's possible diagnosis and what part of her brain is affected? A. Agnosia & parietal lobe B. Optic Ataxia & temporal lobe C. Agnosia & temporal lobe D. Optic Ataxia & parietal lobe

D. Optic Ataxia & parietal lobe

What best describes the relationship between perception and recognition? A. Perception must occur first to allow recognition to occur B. Recognition must occur first to allow perception to occur C. Perception and recognition always occur simultaneously D. Perception and recognition can occur in any order or at the same time

D. Perception and recognition can occur in any order or at the same time

Which step does NOT occur in an action potential? A. Sodium channels open when the threshold is reached B. Potassium rushes out of the axon C. Sodium Potassium pump brings K+ into the cell while taking Na+ out. D. Sodium flows quickly out of the axon

D. Sodium flows quickly out of the axon

Naima is playing hide and seek with her friends with the lights off. Which friend's shirt would likely appear the brightest? A. The one in the purple shirt B. The one in the black shirt C. The would all appear equally bright in the dim lighting D. The one in the green shirt

D. The one in the green shirt

Which of the below is TRUE of Dendrites for typical neurons? A. Send the signal to the next neuron B. The electrical charge travels actively through them C. Contains the nucleus of the cell D. There can be many for one neuron

D. There can be many for one neuron

If you have been told you have Astigmatism, which best describes your symptoms? A. Objects at far distances become blurry and out of focus. B. Objects close to you become blurry and out of focus C. You see black spots in your visual field. D. Your vision as a whole becomes distorted and blurred especially for particular orientations.

D. Your vision as a whole becomes distorted and blurred especially for particular orientations.

Which of Fechner's original psychophysics method's has the most bias? The method of _______. A. forced choice B. limits C. constant stimuli D. adjustments

D. adjustments

Which of the following is true about selective adaptation? A. it is a short term effect B. the firing rate of neurons decreases C. neurons adapt to a repeated stimulus D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) have ____ receptive fields. A. non-static B. vertical C. flexible D. center-surround

D. center-surround

Sally recently looked at some visual illusions. In one reversible-image illusion, she saw a vase in the middle of a blue box. What is Sally most likely to remember about this illusion? A. the two faces on the side of the vase B. details about the box C. the lower half of the image D. the vase she saw in the illusion

D. the vase she saw in the illusion

Which of the following eye problems is likely to lead to tunnel vision (loss of peripheral vision)? A. Glaucoma B. Retinitus Pigmentosa C. Macular Degeneration D. Diabetic Retinopathy E. A & B F. B & C

E. A & B

When examining how surfaces are constructed, properties of figure and ground are extrapolated. Which of the following is a property of figure and ground? A. Figure is more "thinglike" and memorable B. Figure is seen as being in front of the ground C. Ground is seen as unformed material and extends behind figure D. The contour separating the two belongs to the figure E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which type of cell would likely have a center-surround receptive field? A. An LGN cell B. A Ganglion cell C. An End-stopped cell D. An FFA cell E. Both A & B

E. Both A & B

When seeking to understand properties of the retina, researchers were interested in isolating the rods and cones individually. What would likely be the most reasonable method of isolating the CONES? A. Asking the participant to identify different shapes B. Measuring the intensity rather than timing of the action potential C. Fully dark adapting the eyes of the participant D. Using the method of adjustment to determine a threshold E. Directly shining a light on the fovea

E. Directly shining a light on the fovea

A patient came in for some testing to determine where the damage was in their brain. The researchers set up a room full of various objects to be used as obstacles. The patient was unable to successfully navigate the room; however, they could accurately name what the objects were. Where is the most likely locations of the patient's damage in their brain? A. What Pathway B. Where/How Pathway C. Temporal Lobe D. Parietal Lobe E. A and C F. B and D

F. B and D

SOUND LOC CUE: Is better for high frequency sounds Interaural Time Difference Spectral Cues Interaural Level Difference More than one

Interaural Level Difference

SOUND LOC CUE: Is related to the acoustic shadow Interaural Time Difference Spectral Cues Interaural Level Difference More than one

Interaural Level Difference

MECHANORECEPTOR: Related to tactile acuity Merkel Discs Ruffini cylinders Pacinian Corpusles Meissner Corpusles

Merkel Discs

TOUCH RECEPTOR: Has free nerve endings Mechanoreceptors Thermoreceptors Nociceptors More than one

More than one

TOUCH RECEPTOR: Senses pain Mechanoreceptors Thermoreceptors Nociceptors More than one

Nociceptors

EAR PART: Helps to amplify the pressure before sending the wave into the cochlea. Pinna Ossicles Outer Hair Cells Basilar Membrane

Ossicles

MECHANORECEPTOR: Important for sensing fine textures when moving your hand across a surface. Merkel Discs Ruffini cylinders Pacinian Corpusles Meissner Corpusles

Pacinian Corpusles

MECHANORECEPTOR: The largest of all the mechanoreceptors Merkel Discs Ruffini cylinders Pacinian Corpusles Meissner Corpusles

Pacinian Corpusles

MECHANORECEPTOR: Senses the feeling of stretching your hand around a cup. Merkel Discs Ruffini cylinders Pacinian Corpusles Meissner Corpusles

Ruffini cylinders

HEARING IMPAIRMENT: Caused by Acoustic Trauma Conductive Sensory Neural Both Neither

Sensory Neural

HEARING IMPAIRMENT: Missing only high frequencies. Conductive Sensory Neural Both Neither

Sensory Neural

SOUND LOC CUE: Gives info on elevation of sound Interaural Time Difference Spectral Cues Interaural Level Difference More than one

Spectral Cues