NT MIDTERM
(2) Luke ends the book of Acts with the adverb "without hindrance" as a way of describing Paul's teaching and preaching in Rome. Explain how this word sums up the entire message of Acts, giving at least 5 specific examples of the gospel as unhindered in Acts.
"The gospel overcomes all human made prejudice and every geographical,social, ethnic, gender and theological barrier" the 5 examples I have are 1. The eunuch 2. Cornelius (Roman soldier) 3. During Pentecost it says the spirit came to all who were there 4. Gentiles 5. Samaritans believe and receive the spirit
Define the Kingdom of God then compare and contrast the understandings of the Kingdom of God between average first
-century Jews and Jesus (its nature, timeframe, etc.). Pictures/charts are welcome but require an accompanying explanation. Kingdom of God- reign of God Judaism: coming messiah with an eternal throne; earthly political king; punishment of the wicked, reward for the Jews; sudden acting of God Jesus: present, but not in its fullness;
Divisions within the NT
1) 4 Gospels (theological biography) 2) Acts (theological history) 3) Epistles 4) Hebrews 5) 7 General Epistles 6) Revelation (apocalypse)
Structure of Acts (per class lecture) - include chapter references of each section Structure of Acts:
1-7 Beginning of Gospel in Jerusalem 8-12-Judea and Samaria 13-28- Ends of the earth (Paul) 13-19- Mission to Gentiles 20-28- Farewell Journey
4 Parallels of Jesus and his Disciples
1. conflict - With jewish authorities 2. power (KOG) - healing, power over satn, raising the dead 3. Persecution - Stephen's last words, declarations of Paul's innocence 4. Mission - Proclaiming Jesus, KOG, resurrection, taking the gospel to the ends of the earth
Evidence of Peter's "conversions"
10:48- shares house with Gentile Galatians 2:11-14- forgets this conversion
Messiah and Son of God
2 Samuel 7, Psalm 2 referred to Israel's kings Ends with kingdom involving taking up your cross
2nd Temple period- date and key rulers
515 BCE-70 CE Cyrus (Persia); Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Greece--Hellenization); Hasmonean Dynasty (Macabees); Pompey (Rome)
#1 OT covenants and their significance for NT
Abrahamic- 1) Land 2) great nation 3) blessings and a blessing to the world Gen 12:1-3
Essay 1
Abrahamic- 1) Land 2) great nation 3) blessings and a blessing to the world Gen 12:1-3 Davidic- everlasting dynasty, Messiah, Jesus as King, 2 Samuel 7 That Jesus would be a king who conquers the oppressive Romans and restore Israel to make them a great nation.
"I am" statements in Gospel of John
Bread of life (John 6) sustenance that gives life Light of the world (John 8:12) pillar of fire that guided Israelites Good shepherd( John 10)(Ezekiel) I am (John 8)--Yahweh
Contrast between Cornelius and Peter
Cornelius-is unquestioning in his obedience Peter-emphasized law observance and identity markers
6 Cs
Creation- Genesis 1-2; Humans and God, Humans and Humans; Humans and Creation Corruption- Genesis 3-11; Death, hiding; hierarchy, shame; banished from the Garden Covenant- Genesis 12-Malachi; 4 covenants Christ- Gospels; new covenant Church- Acts and Epistles; spreading of the Kingdom Consummation- new creation
#3 OT covenants and their significance for NT
Davidic- everlasting dynasty, Messiah, Jesus as King, 2 Samuel 7
Luke, Sayings of Jesus on the Cross
Father forgive them(Luke) Today you will be with me in paradise(Luke) Into your hands I commit my spirit (Luke) Innocent Martyr
NT Genres
Genres help with expectations for a work Theological biography- has the purpose of moral formation
Eunuchs
Greco-Roman- less honor than males; immoral Jewish- cannot join in worship--can't multiply, and ambiguity, cannot be circumcised
Hillel/Shammai
Hillel - lenient, "live and let live" - Gamaliel Shammai - hard line, "militant right wingers" - Paul
John, Sayings of Jesus on the Cross
I'm thirsty (John) It is finished (John) Mother behold your son (John) Triumphant King
Language
Koine Greek
Author and recipient of Luke & Acts
Luke, a physician, recipient is Theophilus, either a man or any lover of God
Two Source
Mark came first, Matthew and Luke use Mark and Q Strength- Makes sense of Mark's Greek and length, Explains many Matthew Luke agreements against Mark; but, requires a hypothetical source
Farrer
Mark came first, Matthew uses Mark, Luke uses Matthew and Mark Strength- No hypothetical source is needed, Makes sense of Mark's Greek and shortness; but, Luke should smooth out Matthew but does not
27 NT books
Matthew Mark Luke John Acts (of the Apostles) Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation
27 books
Matthew Mark Luke John Acts (of the Apostles) Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation
Griesbach
Matthew came first, Luke uses Matthew, Mark uses Luke and Matthew Strength- Agrees with tradition that Matthew was written first, no hypothetical source is needed; but, Mark excludes birth narratives, Mark's Greek is rougher
Synoptics
Matthew, Mark, Luke
Relation of miracles/healing/exorcism to the Kingdom of God
Miracles-- 1) Establish Jesus' authority 2) Blessing where curse existed Healing-- shows coming restoration Exorcism- conflict of kingdoms
#2 OT covenants and their significance for NT
Mosaic- after God rescues people from Egypt, 10 Commandments, Name of Yahweh is given
Matthew and Mark, Sayings of Jesus on the cross
My god, my god why have you forsaken me (Matthew and Mark)- forsaken Christ
#4 OT covenants and their significance for NT
New covenant- future restoration of Israel
722 BCE
Northern Kingdom (Israel) goes into exile, Assyrians
Mark 8:27-9:1
Peter's Declaration of Jesus as the Messiah and Son of God
Passover and Last supper
Reminder of God's redemption elements(wine and unleavened bread) turn into Jesus' body and blood
70 CE
Romans destroy the temple, end of 2nd period temple
LXX
Septuagint-Greek New Testament; quoted by NT authors
3 primary titles used to refer to Jesus in the Gospels - their background in Judaism and how Jesus met and/or redefined Jewish expectations
Son of Man- used to refer to a divine agent establishing God's power; not often used; Jesus was not an earthly king but one who suffered and has a heavenly kingdom Messiah- referred to earthly king, line of David; Jesus came from the line of David, but is not an earthly king Son of God- referred to an earthly king; Jesus was not part of an earthly kingdom and was not taking the place of other earthly kings
586 BCE
Southern Kingdom (Judah) goes into exile, Babylon
Principal of Parables
Try to figure out the basic point and do not read to much into the story itself
Ascension of Jesus
after promise of the Holy Spirit and commission to witness, seen by the disciples
Types of Parables
allegories one-liners short anecdotes or illustrations riddles
periscope
an extract from a text
Pentecost
celebration of the wheat harvest; many people were in Jerusalem; Wind and fire (Ezekiel; wind symbolizes God's presence), Speaking in Tongues-- filling of the Holy Spirit
3 primary Jewish identity markers with two points of explanation of each
circumcision- sign of Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17) sabbath observance- God rested, so people must rest; Imitation of God and reminder of slavery (Genesis 1) dietary laws- refrain from unclean food, incorrect preparation, and food with interaction with Gentiles
Dual conversions in Acts
conversion of Samaritans and Apostles
2 Kings 17:24-34
destruction of Northern kingdom; Assyrian exile; what set the Samaritans apart from jews
Source Criticism
discovering sources used by an author to write
Son of Man
divine agent who established God's kingdom, not used in Judaism
Cornelius
high ranking soldier, devout, God-fearer
Narrative Criticism
interpreting narratives as texts and using literary interpretation to understand them (characterization, plot, etc)
Peter's vision in Acts 10
kill and eat; nothing God has made clean is unclean
Disciple
learner/follower
Samaria
members not known as Jews; capital of Israel (northern kingdom); different temple, priesthood, scripture
Sadducees
most powerful, most responsible for Jesus' death, Jerusalem temple, believed God restored the blessing, no resurrection of the dead, only the Torah
Views of crucifixion in the ancient world
practiced by Greece and Rome, done for humiliation, showed Rome's power, not done on Roman citizens
Acts 1:8
promise of the Holy Spirit; call to witness in Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and the ends of the earth
Charges against Jesus
raise his body in 3 days- destruction of the temple Messiah/ son of God- royal claim Son of Man- sharing God's authority
Decision of Jerusalem Council
refrain from food from idols; sexual immorality; strangled meat; blood-- allows them to eat with Jewish brothers and sisters
Kingdom of God
reign of God
Pharisees
resurrection of the dead, synagogue, lay people, interpreted the law Oral law- rules to keep people from breaking the written law Jesus opponents because a lot of his teaching is on the law
Isa 53:7-8 in Acts 8:32-33
seems to be about eunuchs-- Jesus identifies with those who are suffering
Apostle
sent one (missionary)
John the Baptist
setting- wilderness, country surrounding the Jordan preaching- repentance(which looks like generosity, honesty contentedness) insufficiency of Jewish lineage for salvation; coming greater one baptism- repentance/forgiveness; preparation for God to act
Temptation narrative
stones to bread (Deuteronomy 3) manna-- trust God to provide jump off the temple (Deuteronomy 6:16) --forcing deliverance bow to Satan, kingdoms of the world submission (Deuteronomy 6:13)-- golden calf; foreshadow the cross Jesus succeeds where Israel fails
Redaction Criticism
study of how the Gospel writers edited their source material- which hypothesis-theological agenda of writer
Form Criticism
study of literary patterns to understand context
Significance of "the twelve" disciples
symbolic of the Twelve Tribes of Israel
Mt. Gerizim
temple of Samaritans
Markan Priority
used in Farrer and Two Source Hypothesis; Mark came first
Joel 2:28-32 in Acts 2
used in Peter's sermon Shows that the time is now for change
Social Science Criticism
using social history and anthropology to understand NT
Key debate/question of the early church
what must Gentiles do to become part of the church?
2 types of speaking in Tongues in the NT
xenolalia- human languages glossolalia- angelic languages
