NTK 6.5

Scientific Revolution

a transformation in thinking that occurred during the 1500 caused by scientific observation experimentation and the questioning of tradition options - The scientific revolution is a concept used by historians to describe the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.[ -The scientific revolution took place in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance period and continued through the late 18th century, influencing the intellectual social movement known as the Enlightenment. While its dates are debated, the publication in 1543 of Nicolaus Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is often cited as marking the beginning of the scientific revolution.

Nicolaus Copernicus

A Polish scientist in the the 1500s that first argued for the heliocentric theory of the universe -Copernicus was born on the 19th of February, 1473 and died on the 24th of May, 1543. -The astronomical model that Copernicus developed was called heliocentrism (helios means Sun).

scientific method

A method of questioning that includes carefully conducted experiments and mathematical calculations to verify the results of experiments -The scientific method is a series of steps that serve as guidelines for scientific endeavors. It's a tool used to help solve problems and answer questions in an objective manner. -Scientists over the centuries found they faced the same problems when it came to sorting out the truth from nontruths. To solve the problem, they devised a methodical framework within which to work. This framework is called the scientific method, and it's extremely important to your science fair project.

Antonin van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch scientist who perfected the microscope to discover bacteria which had been previously unseen by the human eye Led to an understanding of microorganisms Anton van Leeuwenhoek Facts. The Dutch naturalist and microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), using simple microscopes of his own making, discovered bacteria, protozoa, spermatozoa, rotifers, Hydra and Volvox, and also parthenogenesis in aphids. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was born on Oct. 24, 1632, at Delft.

Isaac Newton

English physicist responsible for the discovery of the law of universal gravitation and the laws of motion English mathematician and scientist- invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. (1642-1727) English scientist who formulated the law of gravitation that posited a universe operating in accord with natural law.

Andreas Vesalius

Flemish scientist who was one of the first to publish detailed drawings of the inner workings of the human body Flemish scientist who pioneered the study of anatomy and provided detailed overviews of the human body and its systems. Conducted experiments on how the human body worked. (Creepy title alert!)

Rene Descartes

French mathematician who developed a philosophy that based truth on observable fact and logical reasoning Deductive thinker whose famous saying cogito ergo sum ("I think, therefore I am") challenged the notion of truth as being derived from tradition and Scriptures 17th century French philosopher; wrote Discourse on Method; 1st principle "i think therefore i am"; believed mind and matter were completly seperate; known as father of modern rationalism

Johannes Kepler

German astronomer who proved the heliocentric theory correct in early 1600s -Assistant to Brahe; used Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe; Demolished old systems of Aristotle and Ptolemy -German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)

Johannes Kepler

German astronomer who proved the heliocentric theory correct in early 1600s Assistant to Brahe; used Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe; Demolished old systems of Aristotle and Ptolemy German astronomer, he theorized theta the planets moved in an elliptical path around the sun.

Galileo Galilei

Italian scientist who made a usable space telescope and proved that the earth revolved around the sun in the 1600s This scientist proved Copernicus' theory that the sun was the center of the solar system and developed the modern experimental method . This scientist proved Copernicus' theory that the sun was the center of the solar system and developed the modern experimental method.

astronomy

The study of stars, planets and other bodies in space -We can only detect about 5% of the matter in the universe. The rest is made up of invisible matter (called dark matter) and a mysterious form of energy known as dark energy. -Neutron stars are the leftovers of the deaths of massive stars in supernova explosions. These stars are so dense a soup can full of neutron star material would have more mass than the Moon. They are among the fast-spinning objects astronomers have studied,

physics

The study of the properties and changes of matter, energy, and motion -According to Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity, the speed of light can never change—it's always stuck at approximately 300,000,000 meters/second, no matter who's observing it. This in itself is incredible enough, given that nothing can move faster than light, but it's still very theoretical. -The really cool part of Special Relativity is an idea called time dilation, which states that the faster you go, the slower time passes for you relative to your surroundings. Seriously—if you go take a ride in your car for an hour, you will have aged ever-so-slightly less than if you had just sat at home on the computer.

anatomy

The study of the structure of the human body -Human bodies produce 70 kg of ATP (a molecule that stores energy, permitting us to do nearly everything the body does) per day. -A human has a bone just after the spine ends, which helps prove that humans once had tails (possibly).

geocentric theory

The theory that the earth was the center of the universe and all other heavenly bodies revolved around i -Two observations supported the idea that the Earth was the center of the Universe. First, the Sun appears to revolve around the Earth once per day. While the Moon and the planets have their own motions, they also appear to revolve around the Earth about once per day. The stars appeared to be on a celestial sphere, rotating once each day along an axis through the north and south geographic poles of the Earth.[2] Second, the Earth does not seem to move from the perspective of an Earth-bound observer; it appears to be solid, stable, and unmoving. -n astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the universe with the Earth at the center. Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all circled Earth.[1] The geocentric model served as the predominant description of the cosmos in many ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle and Ptolemy.