NU271 HESI Prep: Fundamentals - Nursing Sciences

Which is a stressor? 1. Any stimuli that can produce tension and cause instability within the system. 2. Exists within the client system, such as the physiological and behavioral responses to illnesses. 3. Exists outside the client system; external stressors include changes in health care policies or increased crime rates. 4. A term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations.

1. Any stimuli that can produce tension and cause instability within the system. A stressor is any stimuli that can produce tension and cause instability within the system. Internal factors exist within the client system, like the physiological and behavioral responses to illnesses. External factors exist outside the client system; these stressors include changes in health care policies or increased crime rates. A phenomenon is a term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations.

When questioning the staff about a change in the client's plan of care, which would the nurse demonstrate? 1. Authority 2. Autonomy 3. Responsibility 4. Accountability

1. Authority The nurse who asks questions about a change in a client's plan of care shows that he or she has the power to make decisions. This is an example of the nurse's authority over other staff members. Independence in making choices about client care and work is autonomy. Responsibility refers to the duties and activities that an individual is employed to perform. Accountability means that individuals are answerable for their actions. The nurse demonstrates accountability by checking on the client and family after discharge.

Which of these cultural groups adopts a combination of dietary, herbal, and other naturalistic therapies to prevent and treat illness? 1. East Asian 2. Hispanic 3. Asian Indian 4. Native American

1. East Asian Asian Indians rely on a combination of dietary, herbal, and other naturalistic therapies to prevent and treat illness. East Asians use yin treatment (which uses needles to restore balance and flow of qi) and yang treatment (which uses moxibustion or heat with acupuncture to restore the yin/yang balance). Hispanics use a combination of prayers, herbs, and other rituals to treat traditional illnesses. Native Americans rely on a combination of prayers, chanting, and herbs to treat illnesses caused by supernatural, psychological, and physical factors.

Which is the goal of school health nursing programs? 1. Health promotion 2. Disease management 3. Chronic care management 4. Environmental surveillance

1. Health promotion The goal of school health nursing programs is health promotion through the school curriculum. A class on nutritional planning for parents contributes to health promotion. Disease management is one of the many programs of community health centers. These centers provide primary care to a specific client population within a community. Nurse-managed clinics provide nursing care with a focus on acute and chronic care management. The occupational health nurse may conduct environmental surveillance for health promotion and accident prevention in the work setting.

Which describes the focus of hospice care? 1. To ease the pain from illness 2. To provide curative treatment 3. To assist with activities of daily living 4. To adapt to the limitations due to an illness

1. To ease the pain from illness The focus of hospice care is palliative care to ease the pain caused by the illness. It is a system of family-centered care that allows clients to live at home with dignity. Hospice care does not provide curative treatment. The health care team follows an individualized plan of care for the client. Assisted living facilities offer long-term care for the older client in settings with a homelike environment. These facilities assist the client with activities of daily living. Rehabilitation facilities provide restorative care that helps the client adapt to the limitations caused by the illness.

Which is the purpose of block and parish nursing? 1. To provide services to older clients 2. To promote health throughout a school curriculum 3. To provide nursing services with a focus on health promotion and education 4. To deliver primary care to a client population living in a community

1. To provide services to older clients In block and parish nursing, nurses living within a neighborhood provide services to older clients or those unable to leave their homes. Health promotion throughout a school curriculum is provided by school health. Nurse-managed clinics provide nursing services with a focus on health promotion and education, chronic disease assessment management, and support for self-care and caregivers. Community health centers are outpatient clinics that provide primary care to a client population living in a community.

Which internal variable influences health beliefs and practices? 1. Family practices 2. Cultural background 3. Socioeconomic factors 4. Intellectual background

4. Intellectual Background Intellectual background is an internal factor that affects the client's health beliefs and practices. A client's knowledge, educational background, and past experiences influence how a client thinks about health. Family practices, cultural background, and socioeconomic factors are among the external factors that influence health beliefs and practices.

Which theory describes the phenomenon of grief or caring? 1. Grand theories 2. Descriptive theories 3. Prescriptive theories 4, Middle-range theories

2. Descriptive theories Descriptive theories describe a phenomenon such as grief or caring. Grand theories provide the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing. Prescriptive theories discuss interventions and expected outcomes for a specific phenomenon. They describe phenomena, speculate on why they occur, and describe their consequences. Middle-range theories have a more narrow scope than grand theories; these theories integrate theory-based research with nursing practices.

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which opposing conflict is an older adult likely to face? 1. Trust versus mistrust 2. Integrity versus despair 3. Intimacy versus isolation 4. Industry versus inferiority

2. Integrity versus despair According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, an older adult is likely to face the opposing conflict of integrity versus despair. An infant between birth and 1 year old is likely to face the opposing conflict of trust versus mistrust. A young adult is likely to face the opposing conflict of intimacy versus isolation. School-aged children between the ages of 6 and 11 years are likely to face the opposing conflict of industry versus inferiority.

Which database can be used to find studies related to allied health sciences? 1. EMBASE 2. MEDLINE 3. National Guidelines Clearinghouse 4. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

2. MEDLINE The MEDLINE database includes studies in medicine, nursing, dentistry, psychiatry, veterinary medicine, and allied health. EMBASE includes biomedical and pharmaceutical studies. The National Guidelines Clearinghouse includes a repository for structured abstracts about clinical guidelines and their development. It also includes a condensed version of the guidelines. The Cochrane Database includes full text of regularly updated systematic reviews prepared by the Cochrane Collaboration as well as completed reviews and protocols.

Which points noted by the nursing student are accurate regarding the characteristics of middle-range theories? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1. These theories are systematic and broad in scope and complexity. 2. Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. 3. These theories do not address a specific phenomenon and do not reflect practices such as administration, clinical, or teaching. 4. Middle-range theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. 5. These theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations.

2. Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. 4. Middle-range theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. 5. These theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations. Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness is an example of a middle-range theory; it focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations. Middle-range theories are more limited in scope and less abstract than grand theories. Middle-range theories address a specific phenomenon and reflect practices such as administration, clinical, or teaching.

In which role does the nurse oversee the budget of a specific nursing unit or agency? 1. Nurse educator 2. Nurse manager 3. Nurse researcher 4. Nurse practitioner

2. Nurse manager The nurse manager is responsible for the budget of a specific nursing unit or agency. The nurse educator works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and client education programs. The nurse researcher investigates problems to improve nursing care. The nurse practitioner provides health care to a group of clients usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community-based setting.

According to Freud's developmental theory, which age is considered the phallic stage? 1. Birth to 18 months old 2. 18 months to 3 years old 3. 3 to 6 years old 4. 6 to 12 years old

3. 3 to 6 years old According to Freud's developmental theory, 3 to 6 years of age is considered the phallic stage. Birth to 18 months of age is considered the oral stage. Eighteen months to 3 years of age is the anal stage. Six to 12 years of age is the latent stage.

Which group benefits from Medicare? 1. Self-insured employers 2. People who are 65 years or older 3. Members of low-income families 4. Children who are not poor enough for Medicaid

2. People who are 65 years or older Medicare is a health insurance program for people 65 years or older. The payment for the plan is deducted from monthly individual Social Security checks. A preferred provider organization (PPO) plan is a contractual agreement between a set of providers and self-insured employers. It offers comprehensive health services at a discount to companies under contract. The Medicaid plan is a federally funded, state-run program that provides health insurance for low-income families. It finances a large portion of care for poor children, their parents, pregnant women, and disabled very poor adults. The State Children's Health Insurance Programs (SCHIP) is a federally funded, state-run program for children who are not poor enough for Medicaid.

Which theory focuses on developing the interpersonal relationships between the nurse, client, and the client's family? 1. Orem's theory 2. Peplau's theory 3. Leininger's theory 4. Henderson's theory

2. Peplau's Peplau's theory focuses on interpersonal relationships between the nurse, the client, and the client's family by developing the nurse-client relationship. Orem's theory focuses on the client's self-care needs. Leininger's theory recognizes the importance of culture and its influence on everything that involves the client and the providers of nursing care. Henderson's theory focuses on assisting the individual in the performance of activities that he or she can perform unaided that will contribute to health, recovery, or a peaceful death.

Which example indicates that the nurse is following evidence-based practice? 1. Documents client care in an electronic health record 2. Reads current nursing journals and uses the latest scientific methods 3. Uses flowcharts and diagrams to record the client's progress 4. Encourages the hospitalized client's family to bring home-cooked food

2. Reads current nursing journals and uses the latest scientific methods Evidence-based practice requires the nurse to read current nursing journals and use the latest scientific methods. It also requires the integration of best current evidence with clinical expertise and client preferences while providing health care. The nurse uses informatics to document client care in an electronic health record. The nurse uses flowcharts and diagrams to record the client's progress and monitor the outcomes of client care. This helps the nurse improve the quality of care. The nurse provides client-centered care by encouraging the hospitalized client's family to bring home-cooked food.

Which of these stages of health behavior will the nurse suspect in a client who is in a state of ambivalence? 1. Preparation 2. Maintenance 3. Contemplation 4. Precontemplation

3. Contemplation The nurse will suspect the stage of contemplation. This stage of health behavior is characterized by a client's attitude toward a change; the client is most likely to accept that change in the next 6 months. The stage of preparation is exhibited when a client believes that a change in his or her behavior is advantageous. During the maintenance stage, changes need to be implemented in the client's lifestyle. In the precontemplation stage, the client is not willing to hear any information about changes in his or her behavior.

Which of these is a part of the health belief model? 1. Behavioral outcomes 2. Behavior-specific knowledge 3. Perception of susceptibility to an illness 4. Individual characteristics and experience

3. Perception of susceptibility to an illness The health belief model is divided into three components. The first component is an individual's perception of susceptibility to an illness. The second component is an individual's perception of the seriousness of an illness. The third component is the preventive actions taken by a person. The health promotion model focuses on behavioral outcomes, behavior-specific knowledge and effect, and individual characteristics and experience.

Which level of care is the nurse providing when preparing to discharge a client who is learning to walk again after a stroke to a rehabilitation center? 1. Primary care 2. Secondary care 3. Tertiary care 4. Secondary acute care

3. Tertiary care Rehabilitation is an example of tertiary care, with the goal of restoring a client back to his or her prior level of functioning. Primary care aims to prevent an illness or injury from happening. Secondary care is an ongoing process, such as assisted living or psychiatric daycare. Secondary acute care provides emergency care or acute care after an illness or accident.

The nurse is assigned to change a central line dressing. The agency policy is to clean the site with povidone-iodine and then cleanse with alcohol. The nurse recently attended a conference that presented information that alcohol should precede povidone-iodine in a dressing change. In addition, an article in a nursing journal stated that a new product was a more effective antibacterial than alcohol and povidone-iodine. The nurse has a sample of the new product. How would the nurse proceed? 1. Use the new product sample when changing the dressing. 2. Cleanse the site with alcohol first and then with povidone-iodine. 3. Cleanse the site with the new product first and then follow the agency's protocol. 4. Follow the agency's policy unless it is contradicted by a primary health care provider's prescription.

4. Follow the agency's policy unless it is contradicted by a primary health care provider's prescription. Agency policy determines procedures; if the procedure is out of date or problematic, the nurse would contact the primary health care provider for a change in the prescription. The nurse cannot use another product without a primary health care provider's prescription. The nurse will be risking liability if agency policy is not followed, unless the prescription is changed by the primary health care provider.

The nurse finds that there is an inaccurate match between clinical cues and the nursing diagnosis. Which is the category of the diagnostic error? 1. Labeling 2. Collecting 3. Clustering 4. Interpreting

4. Interpreting An inaccurate match between clinical cues and the nursing diagnosis is an interpreting error. Interpreting errors include failing to consider conflicting cues, using an insufficient number of cues, and using unreliable or invalid cues errors. A labeling error is a failure to validate data. Collecting errors include inaccurate data, missing data, or disorganization. Errors at the clustering level include an insufficient cluster of cues, premature or early closure, or incorrect clustering.

Which characteristics would a slow-to-warm up child display? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1. Adapts slowly with frequent communication 2. Is regular and predictable in his or her habits 3. Is highly active, irritable, and irregular in his or her habits 4. Reacts with mild but passive resistance to novelty 5. Reacts negatively and with mild intensity to new stimuli

A slow-to-warm up child adapts slowly with frequent communication and reacts to novelty with mild but passive resistance. A slow-to-warm up child also reacts negatively and with mild intensity to new stimuli. An easy child is regular and predictable in his or her habits. A difficult child is highly active, irritable, and irregular in his or her habits.

While teaching a nursing student, the registered nurse says, "This is a study in which the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable." Which type of research is described in the above statement? 1. Historical research 2. Evaluation research 3. Exploratory research 4. Experimental research

In experimental research, the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable. In historical research, studies are designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. In evaluation research, studies test how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Exploratory research is an initial study designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena or to develop or refine a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena.