NUR 1275 Endocrine Prep U Questions

What clinical manifestation does the nurse recognize would be associated with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism? Select all that apply? A. A pulse rate slower than 90 bpm B. An elevated systolic blood pressure C. Muscular fatigability D. Weight loss E. Intolerance to cold

B. An elevated systolic blood pressure D. Weight loss

A client is transferred to a rehabilitation center after being treated in the hospital for a stroke. Because the client has a history of Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of: A. Risk for imbalanced fluid volume related to excessive sodium loss. B. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to tissue catabolism secondary to cortisol hypersecretion C. Ineffective health maintenance related to frequent hypoglycemic episodes secondary to Cushing's syndrome D. Decreased cardiac output related to hypotension secondary to Cushing's syndrome.

B. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to tissue catabolism secondary to cortisol hypersecretion

A client is returned to his room after a subtotal thyroidectomy. Which piece of equipment is most important for the nurse to keep at the client's bedside? A. Indwelling urinary catheter kit B. Tracheostomy set C. Cardiac monitor D. Humidifier

B. Tracheostomy set

The nurse expects that a type 1 diabetic patient may receive what percentage of his or her usual morning dose of insulin preoperatively? A. 10% to 20% B. 25% to 40% C. 50% to 60% D. 85% to 90%

C. 50% to 60%

Once digested, what percentage of carbohydrates is converted to glucose? A. 70 B. 80 C. 90 D. 100

D. 100

A diabetes nurse educator is presenting current recommendations for levels of caloric intake. What are the current recommendations that the nurse would describe? A. 10% of calories from carbohydrates, 50% from fat, and the remaining 40% from protein. B. 10% to 20% of calories from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 50% to 60% from protein. C. 20% to 30% of calories from carbohydrates, 50% to 60% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein. D. 50% to 60% of calories from carbohydrates 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein.

D. 50% to 60% of calories from carbohydrates 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein.

A client is being seen in the clinic to receive the results of the lab work to determine thyroid levels. The nurse observes the client's eyes appear to be bulging, and there is swelling around the eyes. What does the nurse know that the correct documentation of this finding is? A. Retinal detachment B. Periorbital swelling C. Bulging eyes D. Exophthalmos

D. Exophthalmos

Which intervention is the most critical for a client with myxedema coma? A. Administering an oral dose of levothyroxine (Synthroid) B. Warming the client with a warming blanket C. Measuring and recording accurate intake and output D. Maintaining a patent airway

D. Maintaining a patent airway

A nursing student asks the instructor why the pituitary gland is called the "master gland". What is the best response by the instructor? A. "It regulates the function of other endocrine glands" B. "It is the gland that is responsible for regulating the hypothalamus" C. "The gland does not have any other function other than to cause secretion of the growth hormones". D. "It regulates metabolism

A. "It regulates the function of other endocrine glands"

A nurse is conducting a class on how to self-manage insulin regimens. A client asks how long a vial of insulin can be stored at room temperature before it "goes bad". What would be the nurse best answer? A. "if you are going to use up the vial within 1 month, it can be kept at room temperature". B. "if a vial of insulin will be used up within 21 days, it may be kept at room temperature C. "if a vial of insulin will be used up within 2 weeks, it may be kept at room temperature". D. "if a vial of insulin will be used up within 1 week, it may be kept at room temperature".

A. "if you are going to use up the vial within 1 month, it can be kept at room temperature".

When the dawn phenomenon occurs, the patient has relatively normal blood glucose until what time of day? A. 3am B. 5am C. 7am D. 9am

A. 3am

A nurse is teaching a client about insulin infusion pump use. What interventions should the nurse include to prevent infection at the injection site? A. Change the needle every 3 days B. Wear sterile gloves when inserting the needle C. Take the ordered antibiotics before initiating treatment D. use clean technique when changing the needle

A. Change the needle every 3 days

Which factors will cause hypoglycemia in a client with diabetes? Select all that apply. A. Client has not consumed food and continues to take insulin or oral antidiabetic medications. B. client has not consumed sufficient calories. C. Client has been exercising more than usual. D. Client has been sleeping excessively E. Client is experiencing effects of the aging process.

A. Client has not consumed food and continues to take insulin or oral antidiabetic medications. B. client has not consumed sufficient calories. C. Client has been exercising more than usual.

Which of the following is an age-related change that may affect diabetes? Select all that apply. A. Decreased renal function B. Taste changes C. Decreased vision D. Increased bowel motility E. Increased proprioception

A. Decreased renal function B. Taste changes C. Decreased vision

Which of the following would be considered a "free" item from the exchange list? A. Diet soda B. Green salad C. medium apple D. 1tsp olive oil

A. Diet soda

The nurse providing care for a client with Cushing syndrome has identified the nursing diagnosis of risk for injury related to weakness. How should the nurse best reduce this risk? A. Establish fall prevention measures B. Encourage bed rest whenever possible C. Encourage the use of assistive devices D. Provide constant supervision

A. Establish fall prevention measures

A client presents to the clinic reporting symptoms that suggest diabetes. What criteria would support checking blood levels for the diagnosis of diabetes? A. Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126mg/dL B. Random plasma glucose greater than 150 mg/dL C. Fasting plasma glucose greater than 116mg/dL D. Random plasma glucose greater than 126mg/dL

A. Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126mg/dL

Which of the following insulins are used for basal dosage? A. Glargine (Lantus) B. NPH (Humulin N) C. Lispro (Humalog) D. Aspart (novolog)

A. Glargine (Lantus)

On the third day after a partial thyroidectomy, a client exhibits muscle twitching and hyperirritability of the nervous system. When questioned, the client reports numbness and tingling of the mouth and fingertips. Suspecting a life-threatening electrolyte disturbance, the nurse notifies the surgeon immediately. Which electrolyte disturbance most commonly follows thyroid surgery? A. Hypocalcemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypermagnesemia

A. Hypocalcemia

A client with a long-standing diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has a history of poor glycemic control. The nurse recognizes the need to asses the client for signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy constitutes a risk for what nursing diagnosis? A. Infection B. Acute pain C. Acute confusion D. Impaired urinary elimination

A. Infection

A client is undergoing diagnostics for an alteration in thyroid function. What physiologic function is affected by altered thyroid function? A. Metabolic rate B. Growth C. Fluid/electrolyte balance D. Sleep/wake cycles

A. Metabolic rate

Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a client with Addison's disease? A. Risk for infection B. Excessive fluid volume C. Urinary retention D. Hypothermia

A. Risk for infection

The nurse is developing a care plan for a client with Cushing syndrome. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize? A. Risk for injury related to weakness B. Ineffective breathing pattern related to muscle weakness C. Risk for loneliness related to disturbed body image D. Autonomic dysreflexia related to neurologic changes

A. Risk for injury related to weakness

A client presents at the walk-in clinic reporting diarrhea and vomiting. The client has a document history of adrenal insufficiency. Considering the client's history and current symptoms, the nurse should anticipate that the client will be instructed to increase intake of: A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Simple carbohydrates D. Calcium

A. Sodium

The nurse suspects that a patient with diabetes has developed proliferative retinopathy. The nurse confirms this by the presence of which of the following diagnostic signs? A. Decreased capillary permeability B. Microaneurysm formation C. Neovascularization into the vitreous humor D. The leakage of capillary wall fragments into the surrounding areas

C. Neovascularization into the vitreous humor

A client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been told by their family that they can no longer consume alcohol. The client asks the nurse if abstaining from alcohol is necessary. What is the nurses best response? A. "you should stop all alcohol intake. Alcohol is absorbed by your body before other important nutrients and may lead to very high blood glucose levels". B. "you do not need to give up alcohol entirely but there are potential side effects specific to clients with diabetes that you should consider". C. "you should no longer consume alcohol since it causes immediate low blood glucose levels in diabetic clients". D. "you can still consume alcohol, but limit your consumption to no more than 3 glasses of wine or beer daily because of high sugar content of alcohol.".

B. "you do not need to give up alcohol entirely but there are potential side effects specific to clients with diabetes that you should consider".

A diabetes nurse is assessing a clients knowledge of self-care skills. What would be the most appropriate way for the educator to assess the client's knowledge of nutritional therapy in diabetes? A. Have the client describe an optimally healthy meal B. Ask the client to keep a food diary and reviews it with the nurse. C. Have the clients family describe what he typically eats. D. Ask the client to describe a typical days food intake

B. Ask the client to keep a food diary and reviews it with the nurse.

The nurse reviews foot care with an older adult client. Why would the nurse feel that foot care is so important to this client? A. An older adult client with foot ulcers experiences severe foot pain due to the diabetic polyneuropathy. B. Avoiding foot ulcers may mean the difference between institutionalization and continued independent living. C. Hypoglycemia is linked with a risk for falls, this risk is elevated adults with diabetes. D. Oral antihyperglycemics have the possible adverse effects of decreased circulation of the lower extremities.

B. Avoiding foot ulcers may mean the difference between institutionalization and continued independent living.

A nurse is assigned to care for a patient who is suspected of having type 2 diabetes. Select all the clinical manifestations that the nurse knows could be consistent with this diagnosis. A. Blurred or deteriorating vision B. Fatigue and irritability C. Polyuria and polydipsia D. Sudden weight loss and anorexia E. Wounds that heal slowly or respond poorly to treatment

B. Fatigue and irritability C. Polyuria and polydipsia E. Wounds that heal slowly or respond poorly to treatment

The nurse is assessing a client in the clinic who appears restless, excitable, and agitated. The nurse observes that the client has exophthalmos and neck swelling. What diagnosis do these clinical manifestations correlate with? A. Hypothyroidism B. Hyperthyroidism C. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) D. Diabetes insipidus (DI)

B. Hyperthyroidism

Which of the following would the nurse need to be alert for in a client with severe hypothyroidism? A. Thyroid storm B. Myxedemic coma C. Addison's disease D. Acromegaly

B. Myxedemic coma

A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse why injection site rotation is important. What is the nurses best response? A. Avoid infection B. Promote absorption C. Minimize discomfort D. Prevent muscle destruction

B. Promote absorption

The nurse is discussing macrovascular complications of diabetes with a client. The nurse would address what topic during this dialogue? A. The need for frequent eye examinations for clients with diabetes B. The fact that clients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction C. The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels D. The need to monitor urine for the presence of albumin

B. The fact that clients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction

A nurse is assessing a client with hyperthyroidism. What findings should the nurse expect? A. Weight gain, constipation, and lethargy B. Weight loss, nervousness, and tachycardia C. Exophthalmos, diarrhea, and cold intolerance D. Diaphoresis, fever, and decreased sweating

B. Weight loss, nervousness, and tachycardia

A nurse obtains a fingerstick glucose level of 45mg/dL on a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The client is alert and oriented, and the client's skin is warm and dry. How should the nurse intervene? A. Give the client 40z of milk or graham cracker with peanut butter B. Obtain a serum glucose level C. Obtain a repeat fingerstick glucose level D. Notify the physician

C. Obtain a repeat fingerstick glucose level

The physician has ordered an outpatient dexamethasone suppression test to diagnose the cause of Cushing syndrome in a client who works at night, from 11:00P< to 7:00AM, and normally sleeps from 8:00AM to 4:00PM. The client has been given the dexamethasone. To ensure the most reliable test results, the nurse arranges for the plasma cortisol concentration to be tested at which time? A. 8:00AM B. 12:00PM C. 5:00PM D. 8:00PM

C. 5:00PM

Every morning, a client with type 1 diabetes receives 15 units of Humulin 70/30. What does this type of insulin contain? A. 70 units of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin and 30 units of regular insulin B. 70 units of regular insulin and 30 units of NPH insulin C. 70% NPH insulin and 30% regular insulin D. 70% regular insulin and 30% NPH insulin

C. 70% NPH insulin and 30% regular insulin

The nurse caring for a client with Cushing syndrome is describing the dexamethasone suppression test scheduled for tomorrow. What does the nurse explain that this test will involve? A. Administration of dexamethasone orally, followed by a plasma cortisol level every hour for 3 hours B. Administration of dexamethasone IV, followed by an x-ray of the adrenal glands. C. Administration of dexamethasone orally at 11 PM, and a plasma cortisol level at 8AM the next morning D. Administration of dexamethasone intravenously, followed by a plasma cortisol level 3 hours after the drug is given

C. Administration of dexamethasone orally at 11 PM, and a plasma cortisol level at 8AM the next morning

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is seeing the nurse to review foot care. What would be a priority instruction for the nurse to give the client? A. Examine feet weekly for redness, blisters, and abrasions B. Avoid the use of moisturizing lotions C. Avoid hot water bottles and heating pads D. Dry feet vigorously after each bath

C. Avoid hot water bottles and heating pads

The nurse is caring for a client receiving insulin isophane suspension (NPH) at breakfast. What is an important dietary consideration for the nurse to keep in mind? A. Make sure breakfast is not delayed B. Provide fewest amount of carbohydrates at lunch meal C. Encourage midday snack D. Delay dinner meal

C. Encourage midday snack

For a client with hyperglycemia, which assessment finding best supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume? A. Cool clammy skin B. jugular vein distension C. Increased urine osmolarity D. Decreased serum sodium level

C. Increased urine osmolarity

A patient is prescribed Glucophage, an oral antidiabetic agent classified as a biguanide. The nurse knows that a primary action of this drug is its ability to: A. Stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin. B. Decrease the body's sensitivity to insulin C. Inhibit the production of glucose by the liver. D. Increase the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines.

C. Inhibit the production of glucose by the liver.

The nurse is teaching a client that the body needs iodine for the thyroid to function. What food would be the best source of iodine for the body? A. Eggs B. Soy products C. Iodized table salt D. Red meat

C. Iodized table salt

A client is receiving long-term treatment with high-dose corticosteroids. Which of the following would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? A. Weight loss B. Pale thick skin C. Moon face D. Hypotension

C. Moon face

A client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is attending a nutrition class. What general guideline should the nurse teach the clients at this class? A. Low fat generally indicates low sugar B. Protein should constitute 30% to 40% of caloric intake C. Most calories should be derived from carbohydrates D. Animal fats should be eliminated from the client

C. Most calories should be derived from carbohydrates

A nurse is preparing the daily care plan for a client with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. The priority nursing concern for this client should be: A. Monitoring blood glucose every 4 hours as needed B. Checking for the presence of ketones with each void. C. Providing client education at every opportunity D. Administering insulin routinely and as needed via sliding scale.

C. Providing client education at every opportunity

The home care nurse is conducting client teaching with a client on corticosteroid therapy. To achieve consistency with the body's natural secretion of cortisol, when should the home care nurse instruct the client to take the corticosteroids? A. In the evening between 4PM and 6PM B. Prior to going to asleep at night C. At noon every day D. In the morning between 7AM and 8AM

D. In the morning between 7AM and 8AM

A client with type 2 diabetes has been managing his blood glucose levels using diet and metformin. Following an ordered increase in the clients daily dose of metformin, the nurse should prioritize which of the following assessments? A. Monitoring the clients neutrophil levels. B. Assessing the client for signs of impaired function C. Monitoring the clients level of consciousness and behavior D. Reviewing the clients creatinine and BUN levels

D. Reviewing the clients creatinine and BUN levels

A nurse explains to a client with thyroid disease that the thyroid gland normally produces: A. Iodine and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) B. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH. C. TSH, triiodothyronine (t3), and calcitonin. D. T3, thyroxine (t4), and calcitonin

D. T3, thyroxine (t4), and calcitonin

A client receives a daily injection of glargine insulin at 7:00 am. When should the nurse monitor this client for a hypoglycemic reaction? A. Between 8:00 and 10:00 am B. Between 4:00 and 6:00 pm C. Between 7:00 and 9:00 pm D. This insulin has no peak action and does not cause a hypoglycemic reaction.

D. This insulin has no peak action and does not cause a hypoglycemic reaction.

For the first 72 hours after thyroidectomy surgery, nurse Jamie would assess the female client for Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign because they indicate which of the following? a. Hypocalcemia b. Hypercalcemia c. Hypokalemia d. Hyperkalemia

a. Hypocalcemia