NUR 1700 Q7 Randoms

When assessing a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), which of the following would require immediate action by the healthcare provider? A. Dysphagia and congested cough B. Fatigue and depression C. Paresthesia and tremor D. Nystagmus and diplopia

A. Dysphagia and congested cough

The LPN/LVN reads on a patient's chart that the patient is exhibiting the sundowning phenomenon. Which behavior should the nurse expect? On sunny days, the patient is disoriented. On cloudy days, the patient is disoriented. The patient becomes disoriented in the evening. The patient is very disoriented in the morning only.

The patient becomes disoriented in the evening

The healthcare provider is assessing a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following will provide information about the patient's proprioceptive status? A. Kernig sign B. Chvostek's sign C. Lhermitte's sign D. Romberg sign

D. Romberg sign

A patient with Alzheimer disease (AD) has been prescribed oral donepezil 10 mg. The nurse should give priority to assessing the patient for which sign of an adverse effect of this drug? Skin rashes Cardiac dysrhythmias Decreased blood pressure Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. For which of the following manifestations should the nurse monitor? Confusion Weakness Increased intracranial pressure Increased urinary output

Weakness Generalized weakness of the diaphragmatic and intercostal muscles may produce respiratory distress or predispose the client to respiratory infections.

A nurse is presenting discharge instructions to a client who has multiple sclerosis (MS). The client reports symptoms of diplopia, dysmetria, and sensory change. Which of the following nursing statements are appropriate? "Wear an eye patch on the right eye at all times." "Plan to relax in a hot tub spa each day." "Engage in a vigorous exercise program." "Implement a schedule to include periods of rest."

"Implement a schedule to include periods of rest." The nurse should assist the client in developing a schedule that includes periods of exercise followed by periods of rest to maintain muscle strength and coordination.

A client with Parkinson's disease is developing dementia. Which action should the nurse plan to assist the client in maintaining self-care abilities? 1.Plan group activities. 2.Break down activities into small steps. 3.Change the time and day of bathing frequently. 4.Avoid playing music when the client is dressing.

2.Break down activities into small steps.

The nurse is assessing a patient admitted for a work-up to rule out ALS. Which symptoms are typically exhibited in a patient with ALS? (Select all that apply.) A Muscle pain B Slurred speech C Muscle spasticity D Decreased sensation E Difficulty swallowing

A Muscle pain B Slurred speech C Muscle spasticity E Difficulty swallowing Muscle pain and spasticity, slurred speech, and difficulty swallowing are all symptoms of ALS. Decreased sensation is not a symptom of ALS.

A nurse is modifying the diet of a client who has Parkinson's disease and is prescribed selegiline, an MAOI. Which of the following foods should the nurse eliminate? Fresh fish Cheddar cheese Cherries Chicken

Cheddar cheese The nurse should eliminate aged cheeses from the diet of a client who is prescribed selegiline. Cheddar cheese contains tyramine, which can cause a hypertensive crisis.

A 62-year-old woman is admitted to an assisted-living facility with symptoms of forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty following directions, and neglect of her personal hygiene. These would suggest which stage of AD? Late Early Moderate Moderate to severe

Moderate

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has Bell's palsy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (SATA) - Muscle distortion - Pain behind ear - Hearing loss - Facial twitching - Impaired taste

Muscle distortion Pain behind the ear Impaired taste.

A nurse is collecting data from an adult client who has meningococcal meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? 1. petechial rash on chest and extremities 2. tachycardia 3. negative kernig's sign 4. mild headache

Petechial rash on the chest and extremities other manifestations are bradycardia r/t increased ICP, positive Kernig's sign, severe and persistent headache made worse by moving client's head and neck.

A patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) is admitted to the medical unit. When assessing the patient, which of the following will the healthcare expect to identify? A. Seizures B. Scanning speech C. Resting tremors D. Flaccid paralysis E. Nystagmus( INVOLUNTARY EYE MOVEMENT)

B. Scanning speech E. Nystagmus( INVOLUNTARY EYE MOVEMENT)

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with a moderate cognitive impairment involving dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Which intervention would not be appropriate to include? A Daily structured schedule B Positive reinforcement for performing activities of daily living C Stimulating environment D Use of validation techniques

C Stimulating environment Rationale: A stimulating environment is a source of confusion and anxiety for a client with a moderate level of impairment and, therefore, would not be included in the plan of care. The remaining options are all appropriate interventions for this client.

The healthcare provider is planning care for a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following is the priority intervention? A. Encourage bed rest in order to conserve strength B. Teach the patient's family how to meet the patient's needs C. Advise the patient to drink liquids through a straw D. Monitor the patient's temperature to avoid overheating

C. Advise the patient to drink liquids through a straw

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is taking Benztropine to treat Parkinson's. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following findings as an adverse effect? 1. excessive salvation 2. difficulty voiding 3. diarrhea 4. slow pulse

Difficulty voiding indicates urinary retention

During the advanced stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which service would be most beneficial to the family and patient? Hospice services In-home physical therapy Pulmonary rehabilitation program Nursing visits from a home health care agency

Hospice services ALS is a progressive disease with no known cure. The prognosis for most patients with ALS is death within about 3 years from the onset of symptoms. In the advanced stages of ALS, the patient and family would most benefit from the services offered by hospice. In-home physical therapy, home health care, and pulmonary rehabilitation are beneficial in the earlier stages of the disease.

The nurse is planning care for a patient with dementia. Which would be an appropriate intervention to include in this patient's care plan? Speak loudly and slowly. Restrain the patient for safety. Involve the patient in new activities. Increase verbal and environmental cues.

Increase verbal and environmental cues.

A nurse is caring for a client who has Alzheimer's disease and is confused. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? 1. keep the television on 2. hang abstract pictures on the walls 3. keep familiar personal items in client's room 4. encourage bright lighting in the room

Keep familiar personal items in client's room helps the client reminisce. Should not be overstimulated.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. On which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to instruct the client? -Piperacillin/tazobactam -Levothyroxine -Levodopa/carbidopa -Carbamazepine

Levodopa/carbidopa

A nurse is caring for a client who has myasthenia gravis (MG). Which of the following is a complication of MG for which the nurse should monitor?1. respiratory difficulty2. confusion3. increased ICP4. joint pain

Respiratory difficulty progressive weakness of diaphragmatic and intercostal muscles can cause respiratory distress. MG affects neuromuscular transmission of neurological impulses to the voluntary muscles.

A nurse is assessing a client who has a suspected diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the client? "Do have a history of chronic alcohol abuse?" "Have you had a recent influenza infection?" "Have traveled overseas recently?" "Are you taking a multivitamin?"

"Have you had a recent influenza infection?" The nurse should ask the client about a recent Haemophilus influenzae infection. The cause of GBS is unknown, but it usually follows a viral infection.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. For which of the following manifestations should the nurse monitor? -Confusion -Weakness -Increased intracranial pressure -Increased urinary output

-Weakness

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which initial sign/symptom of this disorder supports this diagnosis? 1.Muscle wasting 2.Mild clumsiness 3.Altered mentation 4.Diminished gag reflex

2.Mild clumsiness The initial manifestation of ALS is a mild clumsiness usually in the distal portion of one extremity. The client may complain of tripping and may drag one leg when the lower extremities are involved.

A client with Parkinson's disease is experiencing a parkinsonian crisis. The nurse should immediately place the client where? 1.In a bed with padded side rails, with limb restraints nearby 2.In a room near the nurses' station that is near the code cart 3.In a high-Fowler's position, with a nasogastric tube at the bedside 4.In a quiet, dim room with respiratory and cardiac support available

4 Parkinsonian crisis can occur with emotional trauma or sudden withdrawal of medications. The client exhibits severe tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. The client also displays anxiety, is diaphoretic, and has tachycardia and hyperpnea (tachypnea). The client should be placed in a quiet, dim room, and respiratory and cardiac support should be available.

The client with myasthenia gravis is suspected of having cholinergic crisis. Which sign/symptom are side and adverse effects of this medication? 1. ataxia 2. mouth sores 3. hypothermia 4. hypertension

4. hypertension

Carbidopa-levodopa is prescribed for a client with Parkinson's disease, and the nurse monitors the client for adverse effects of the medication. Which sign/symptom indicates the client is experiencing an adverse effects? 1. pruritus 2. tachycardia 3. hypertension 4. impaired voluntary movements

4. impaired voluntary movements

A nurse is caring for a client who has a suspected diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The provider prescribes a Tensilon test. Which of the following findings indicates a positive test? A pill-rolling tremor appears. Muscle contractions become progressively stronger. Electrical charge in a muscle increases in intensity. Muscle strength shows no change.

Muscle contractions become progressively stronger. A positive Tensilon test is indicated by a 4 to 5 min period of improved muscle tone and strength.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and is to start taking neostigmine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? 1. take medication 45 minutes before eating 2. expect diaphoresis as side effect 3. if dose is missed, wait until next scheduled dose to take medication 4. treat nasal rhinitis with OTC antihistamine

Take medication 45 minutes before eating allows medication to work and limit difficulty chewing and swallowing. Diapheresis is a cholinergic crisis and is an emergency. Should have strict medication schedule. Contact provider before taking any OTC medication. Antihistamines may worsen symptoms.

The client with myasthenia gravis becomes increasingly weak. The primary health care provider prepares to identify whether the client is reacting to an overdose of the medication(cholinergic crisis) or increasing severity of the disease (myasthenic crisis). An injection of edrophonium is administered. Which change in condition indicates that the client is in cholinergic crisis? 1. no change in the condition 2. complains of muscle spasms 3. an improvement of the weakness 4. a temporary worsening of the condition

4. a temporary worsening of the condition

The nurse is collecting data on a client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which finding indicates a serious complication of this disorder? 1.Shuffling and propulsive gait 2.Resting and pill-rolling tremors 3.Last bowel movement was 48 hours ago 4.Congested cough and coarse rhonchi heard during auscultation

4.Congested cough and coarse rhonchi heard during auscultation Clients with Parkinson's disease are at risk for aspiration. A congested cough and coarse rhonchi may be present after a client aspirates. Although constipation is a problem for clients

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has meningitis. When passively flexing the client's neck, the nurse notes an involuntary flexion of both legs. Which of the following conditions is the client displaying? 1. Kernig's sign 2. Nuchal rigidity 3. Brudzinski's sign 4. Bradykinesia

Brudzinski's sign manifested by hips and knees flexing when neck is flexed, which is a common sign of meningitis.

The nurse is collecting admission data on a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse asks the client to stand with the feet together and the arms at the side and then to close the eyes. The nurse notes that the client begins to fall when the eyes are closed. Based on this finding, the nurse documents which in the client's record? 1.Positive Romberg's test 2.Negative Romberg's test 3.Positive Trousseau's sign 4.Negative Trousseau's sign

1.Positive Romberg's test Romberg's test checks for cerebellar functioning related to balance. The client stands with the feet together and the arms at the side and then closes the eyes. Slight swaying is normal, but loss of balance indicates a problem and a positive Romberg's test. Trousseau's sign indicates a calcium imbalance.

The nurse has given instructions to the client with Parkinson's disease about maintaining mobility. The nurse determines that the client understands the directions if the client states that he or she will perform which activity? 1.Sit in soft, deep chairs. 2.Exercise in the evening to combat fatigue. 3.Rock back and forth to start movement slowly. 4.Buy clothes with many buttons to maintain finger dexterity.

3 The client with Parkinson's disease should exercise in the morning, when energy levels are highest. The client should avoid sitting in soft, deep chairs because getting up from them can be difficult. The client can rock back and forth to initiate movement. The client should buy clothes with Velcro fasteners and slide-locking buckles to allow for easier dressing.

A client with Parkinson's disease is embarrassed about the symptoms of the disorder and is bored and lonely. The nurse should plan which approach as therapeutic in assisting the client to cope with the disease? 1.Plan only a few activities for the client during the day. 2.Cluster activities at the end of the day when the client is most bored. 3.Encourage and praise perseverance in exercising and performing ADL. 4.Assist the client with activities of daily living (ADL) as much as possible.

3 The client with Parkinson's disease tends to become withdrawn and depressed and therefore should become an active participant in his or her own care to prevent this. Activities should be planned throughout the day to prevent daytime sleeping and boredom. The nurse gives the client encouragement and praises the client for perseverance. Activities such as exercise help prevent progression of the disease, and self-care improves self-esteem.

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis who has been prescribed oxybutynin. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the medication by asking the client which question? 1."Are you consistently fatigued?" 2."Are you having muscle spasms?" 3."Are you getting up at night to urinate?" 4."Are you having normal bowel movements?"

3."Are you getting up at night to urinate?"

A client with Parkinson's disease "freezes" while ambulating, increasing the risk for falls. Which suggestion should the nurse include in the client's plan of care to alleviate this problem? 1.Use a wheelchair to move around. 2.Stand erect and use a cane to ambulate. 3.Keep the feet close together while ambulating and using a walker. 4.Consciously think about walking over imaginary lines on the floor.

4.Consciously think about walking over imaginary lines on the floor. Clients with Parkinson's disease can develop bradykinesia (slow movement) or akinesia (freezing or no movement). Having these individuals imagine lines on the floor to step over can keep them moving forward. Although standing erect and using a cane can help prevent falls, these measures will not help a person with akinesia move forward. Clients with Parkinson's disease should walk with a wide gait, not with the feet close together. A wheelchair should be used only when the client can no longer ambulate with assistive devices such as canes or walkers.

An elderly client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease becomes agitated and combative when a nurse approaches to help with morning care. The most appropriate nursing intervention in this situation would be to: A tell the client firmly that it is time to get dressed. B obtain assistance to restrain the client for safety. C remain calm and talk quietly to the client. D call the doctor and request an order for sedation

C remain calm and talk quietly to the client. Rationale: Maintaining a calm approach when intervening with an agitated client is extremely important. Telling the client firmly that it is time to get dressed may increase his agitation, especially if the nurse touches him. Restraints are a last resort to ensure client safety and are inappropriate in this situation. Sedation should be avoided, if possible, because it will interfere with CNS functioning and may contribute to the client's confusion.

A nurse is teaching a client who taking benztropine to treat Parkinson's disease. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following adverse effects? Excess salivation Difficulty voiding Diarrhea Slow pulse

Difficulty voiding The nurse should instruct the client to report difficulty voiding, which may indicate urinary retention, as an adverse effect of benztropine. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication that helps decrease the rigidity and tremors of Parkinson's disease.

A patient has been diagnosed as having dementia. Which symptom should the LPN/LVN expect? Patient tends to confabulate. Patient tends to have flight of ideas. Patient's speech tends to be slurred. Patient tends to be oriented to time, place, and person.

Patient tends to confabulate. Dementia is characterized by several cognitive deficits, memory in particular, and tends to be chronic. Confabulation is used to fill conversational gaps. Flight of ideas, slurred speech, and orientation to time, place, and person are not dementia symptoms.

A nurse is providing teaching to the family of a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? Provide client supervision. Limit client physical activity. Speak loudly to the client. Leave the television on continuously.

Provide client supervision. Because the client's voluntary motor control is affected by the disease, the nurse should recommend that the family provide client supervision to create a safe and respectful environment.

A patient has recently been diagnosed with MS. The family asks the nurse about the common manifestations of the disease. The nurse is correct by identifying which as the most common clinical manifestation of the disease? Urinary incontinence Weakness of the limbs A loss of the sense of smell Decreased intellectual function

Weakness of the limbs

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) who has been prescribed amantadine. The client asks the nurse why the amantadine has been prescribed. Which response should the nurse make? 1."It is prescribed to relieve fatigue." 2."It is prescribed to decrease spasticity." 3."It is prescribed to treat urinary retention." 4."It is prescribed to relieve neuropathic pain."

1."It is prescribed to relieve fatigue." Amantadine is used to relieve fatigue associated with the disease. The spasticity experienced by MS patients may respond to treatment with baclofen. Carbamazepine and gabapentin are used to relieve neuropathic pain. Urinary retention is treated with cholinergic drugs such as bethanechol.

The nurse is collecting data on a client suspected of having Alzheimer's disease. The priority data should focus on which characteristics of this disease? Select all that apply. 1.Difficulty learning 2.Recent memory loss 3.Problems with concrete thinking 4.Difficulty in performing new tasks 5.Problems with hearing and discriminating the spoken word from other sounds

1.Difficulty learning 2.Recent memory loss Dementia (difficulty learning and recent memory loss) is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Recent memory loss (such as forgetting to turn off a stove after cooking) is one characteristic. Difficulty learning is another characteristic. Others include problems with abstract thinking, problems with speech (not hearing), and difficulty in performing familiar tasks.

An 84-year-old client in an acute state of disorientation was brought to the emergency department by the client's daughter. The daughter states that this is the first time that the client experienced confusion. The nurse determines from this piece of information that which is unlikely to be the cause of the client's disorientation? 1.Hypoglycemia 2.Alzheimer's disease 3.Medication dosage error 4.Impaired circulation to the brain

2.Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is a chronic disease with progression of memory deficits over time. The situation presented in the question represents an acute problem. Medication use, hypoglycemia, and impaired cerebral circulation require evaluation to determine if they play a role in causing the client's current symptom

The client with myasthenia gravis is receiving pyridostigmine. The nurse monitors for signs and symptoms of cholinergic crisis caused by overdose of the medication. The nurse checks the medication supply to ensure that which medication is available for administration if a cholinergic crisis occurs? 1. vitamin K 2. acetylcysteine 3. atropine sulfate 4. protamine sulfate

3. atropine sulfate

The nurse is caring for a client in the mild stage of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. The nurse would expect upon assessment the client has the ability to? A Remember the daily schedule B Recall past events C Cope with anxiety D Solve problems of daily living

B Recall past events Rationale: Recent memory loss is the characteristic sign of cognitive difficulty in early Alzheimer's disease. The ability to recall past events is usually retained until the later stages of this disorder. Remembering daily schedules, coping with anxiety, and solving problems of daily living are areas that would pose difficulty in the early phase of Alzheimer's disease.

A nurse is assessing a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? Pruritus Hypertension Bradykinesia Xerostomia

Bradykinesia The nurse should expect to find bradykinesia or difficulty moving in a client who has Parkinson's disease.

Which of these assessment findings should the healthcare provider expect to identify as an early clinical characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS)? A. Muscle atrophy B. Dementia C. Vision loss D. Clonus

C. Vision loss

A nurse is providing teaching to the family of a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? -Provide client supervision. -Limit client physical activity. -Speak loudly to the client. -Leave the television on continuously.

-Provide client supervision.

A nurse is preparing to administer PO medication to a client who has myasthenia gravis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take prior to administering the client medication? Have the client empty his bladder. Put up the side rails on the client's bed. Ask the client to take a few sips of water. Place the client in low Fowler's position

Ask the client to take a few sips of water. Clients who have myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder, have weakness of the muscles of the face and throat, which increases the risk for aspiration. The nurse should check the client's ability to swallow before administering oral medication

When planning care for a patient diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD), which of these patient outcomes should receive priority in the patient's plan of care? A. Taking a daily walk around the neighborhood B. Working on a favorite hobby C. Toileting and bathing independently D. Taking a vitamin supplement each day

C. Toileting and bathing independently Rationale: continued independence and function is of most importance. Exercising, keeping busy and vitamins are less important priorities.

A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson's disease and is taking diphenhydramine 25 mg PO TID. Which of the following therapeutic outcomes should the nurse expect to see? Delay in disease progression Improved bladder function Relief of depression Decreased tremors

Decreased tremors Clients who have Parkinson's disease often experience trembling, muscle rigidity, difficulty walking, and problems with balance and coordination. Antihistamines, like diphenhydramine, have a mild anticholinergic effect and may be helpful in controlling tremors in the early stage of the disease.

A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson's disease and is taking selegiline 5 mg. Which of the following therapeutic outcomes should the nurse monitor for? 1. improved speech patterns 2. increased bladder function 3. decreased tremors 4. diminished drooling

Decreased tremors this is an MAO-B inhibitor. It improves motor function by decreasing tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Which should be included in the teaching as manifestations seen in the moderate stage of Alzheimer's disease? (SATA) - Inability to find commonly used items - Inability to perform common tasks - Exhibits wandering behaviors - Difficulty remembering how to swallow - Inability to recognize family members

Inability to perform common tasks Exhibits wandering behavior.

The client with trigeminal neuralgia is being treated with carbamazepine. Which laboratory results indicates that the client is experiencing an adverse effect of the medication? 1. sodium level, 140 2. uric acid level 5. 0 3. white blood cell count 3000 4. blood urea nitrogen

3. white blood cell count 3000

Which of the following statements made by a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) would alert the healthcare provider that the patient requires additional instruction about the disease? A. "A hot bath in the evenings will help relax my muscles and relieve pain." B. "Use of stress reduction strategies can decrease the severity of my symptoms." C. "Regular exercise can help reduce fatigue and help improve my sense of balance." D. "I will avoid foods that are high in fiber to prevent problems with my bowels." E. "It's important for me to inspect my skin daily make sure there aren't any injuries."

A. "A hot bath in the evenings will help relax my muscles and relieve pain." D. "I will avoid foods that are high in fiber to prevent problems with my bowels."

The healthcare provider is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD). Which of the following findings would the healthcare provider anticipate? Select all that apply. A. Kyphosis B. Depression C. insomnia D. Bradykinesia E. Exophthalamos F. Receptive aphasia

A. Kyphosis B. Depression D. Bradykinesia Rationale: Kyphosis is humpback due to the stooped posture, depression as this effects mood, slow rigid movements will be noted. Sleepiness is common not insomnia, bulging eyes is common in thyroid disorders and aphasia is common in stroke.

A patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) tells the healthcare provider, "I'm not sure if I'll be able to exercise anymore." Which of these is the most appropriate response? A. "Exercise often causes a relapse of the disease, so it should be avoided." B. "Swimming or exercising in the water can be both enjoyable and beneficial." C. "It's important for you to conserve your strength by not being too active." D. "You should get a personal trainer to help you plan a fitness program."

B. "Swimming or exercising in the water can be both enjoyable and beneficial."

When teaching the patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) about how to best manage his disease, the nurse determines the patient requires further instruction when making which statement? A. "It is important that I attend all of my physical therapy sessions." B. "I should eat adequate fiber to prevent constipation." C. "It is a good idea for me to take a hot shower in the morning to relax my muscles." D. "The injections of interferon beta-1b (Betaseron) will help manage my symptoms."

C. "It is a good idea for me to take a hot shower in the morning to relax my muscles." Heat often exacerbates the symptoms of MS, so a hot shower in the morning is not advisable. Physical therapy and exercise are important for maintaining muscle strength. Constipation can be prevented by eating adequate fiber. Biologic response modifier drugs help treat the symptoms of MS; there is currently no cure for the disease.

A nurse is caring for a client who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse should recognize that this disease is caused by which of the following types of hypersensitivities? Immediate Cytotoxic Immune complex-mediated Delayed

Cytotoxic The nurse should recognize myasthenia gravis as a cytotoxic hypersensitivity. Other examples of this hypersensitivity include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Goodpasture's syndrome.

The nurse identifies a problem of impaired physical mobility related to bradykinesia for a patient with Parkinson's disease. To assist the patient to ambulate safely, the nurse should a. allow the patient to ambulate only with assistance. b. instruct the patient to rock from side to side to initiate leg movement. c. have the patient take small steps in a straight line directly in front of the feet. d. teach the patient to keep the feet in contact with the floor and slide them forward.

b. instruct the patient to rock from side to side to initiate leg movement. Rationale: Rocking the body from side to side stimulates balance and improves mobility. The patient should initially be ambulated with assistance but might not require continual assistance with ambulation. The patient should maintain a wide base of support to help with balance. The patient should lift the feet and avoid a shuffling gait.

The nurse observes that a client with Parkinson's disease has very little facial expression. The nurse attributes this piece of data to which information? 1.Masklike facies is a component of Parkinson's disease. 2.The client does not want her emotional reaction to the disease to show. 3.Clients with Parkinson's disease have diminished emotional involvement. 4.Clients with Parkinson's disease act very much like schizophrenics in that they have very little affect.

1.Masklike facies is a component of Parkinson's disease.

The nurse is preparing for the admission of a client with a diagnosis of early stage Alzheimer's disease. The nurse assists in developing a plan of care, knowing that which is a characteristic of early Alzheimer's disease? 1.Confusion 2.Wandering 3.Forgetfulness 4.Personality changes

3.Forgetfulness In early Alzheimer's disease, forgetfulness begins to interfere with daily routines and may compromise client safety. The client has difficulty concentrating and difficulty learning new material. Options 1, 2, and 4 are characteristics of dementia that occur late as the disease progresses.

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has myasthenia gravis and is in crisis. The nurse should identify that which of the following factors can cause a myasthenic crisis? 1. developing a respiratory infection 2. taking too much prescribed medication 3. insufficient sleep 4. insufficient exercise

Developing a respiratory infection r/t not taking or taking too little of the prescribed medication. Surgery and pregnancy are also triggers.

The healthcare provider is teaching a group of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) about common bladder problems. Which of the following will the healthcare provider include? A. "MS may cause the bladder to contract and empty more often than usual." B. "You should not attempt to urinate until you feel that your bladder is full." C. "Drinking caffeinated beverages can help you empty your bladder completely." D. "Drinking lots of citrus juices will decrease the amount of bacteria in your urinary tract." E. "Drink 1.5 - 2 liters of water each day so your urine isn't too concentrated." F. "Patients with MS are at increased risk of developing urinary tract infections

E. "Drink 1.5 - 2 liters of water each day so your urine isn't too concentrated." F. "Patients with MS are at increased risk of developing urinary tract infections Drinking at least 1.5 - 2 liters of water each day will keep urine dilute. This will decrease bladder irritation.MS heightens a patient's risk of urinary tract infections. Patients should plan to void on a regular basis. Voiding at least every 2 hours will decrease urine stasis.

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who has myasthenia gravis and is in crisis. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a possible cause of myasthenic crisis? Developing a respiratory infection Taking too much prescribed medication Diet high in protein Not exercising enough

Developing a respiratory infection The most common triggers of myasthenic crises are respiratory infection, not taking, or taking too little, of the prescribed medication, surgery, and high environmental temperatures.

A nurse suspects a client who has myasthenia gravis is experiencing a myasthenic crisis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take? Prepare the client for mechanical ventilation. Administer an anticholinesterase medication. Instruct the client to perform the pursed lip breathing. Prepare to administer a vasoconstrictor.

Prepare the client for mechanical ventilation. The client who is experiencing a myasthenic crisis is at risk for loss of adequate respiratory function. The nurse should closely monitor the client's respiratory status and prepare for possible mechanical ventilation.