NUR2103 Test #3 QUESTIONS

Which of the following are examples of a health disparity? Select all that apply 1. Blacks have a 10 times higher rate of new AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) cases than whites. 2. Women get breast cancer more frequently then men. 3. More black women dye more from breast cancer than white women, despite the fact that more white women get breast cancer than black women. 4. People living in rural areas that live closer to a hospital than people in the city.

1 and 3 1. Blacks have a 10 times higher rate of new AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) cases than whites. 3. More black women die more from breast cancer than white women, despite the fact that more white women get breast cancer than black women. A health disparity is when one population experiences different care when compared to a different population

The hospital's neonatal unit was understaffed due to a flu outbreak. As a result, a nurse was given too many patients and was unable to provide adequate care for all of them. Which would be an acceptable delegation of care by the nurse? Select all that apply. 1. asking a nurse from the intensive care unit for assistance with insertion of feeding tubes 2. asking a student nurse to administer parenteral medication to a baby in a stable condition 3. asking a new nurse to take the vital signs of a baby whose condition is not stable 4. asking a nursing assistant to teach the mother how to change her baby's dressing

1 and 3 1. asking a nurse from the intensive care unit for assistance with insertion of feeding tubes 3. asking a new nurse to take the vital signs of a baby whose condition is not stable Nursing delegation means entrusting the performance of selected nursing duties to individuals who are qualified, competent and legally able to perform such duties. The nurse is responsible for assessing the competency of other nurses and health care personnel before transferring or assigning care duties of patients to them. Choices 1 and 3 are correct because both nurses are qualified and have the knowledge and skill to perform assigned task.

A patient is deciding if she should move forward with an invasive cosmetic surgery, how should her nurse help her come to the best decision? Select all that apply 1. Ask, "Have you considered any other options?" 2. Provide a story about a patient who did this surgery and was happy. 3. Ask, "How will you discuss the surgery your family or friends?" 4. Ask, "Why are you second guessing yourself now that you're so close to what you want?"

1 and 3 1. Ask, "Have you considered any other options?" 3. Ask, "How will you discuss the surgery your family or friends?"

A patient diagnosed with late-stage lung cancer is experiencing breakthrough pain and is asking for more pain medication. He was given morphine, an opioid-based drug, less than 3 hours ago. What should a nurse do, following Provision 1.3 of the ANA Code of Ethics? 1) give enough morphine to the patient to alleviate his pain 2) wait for further directives from the patient's oncologist 3) refuse to give more morphine due to risk of respiratory arrest 4) offer to give the patient a non-opioid pain medication instead

1) give enough morphine to the patient to alleviate his pain According to Provision 1.3 of the ANA Code of Ethics (the nature of health problems), the nurse should respect the rights, dignity, and worth of all those who require nursing services for health promotion, illness prevention, health restoration, comfort, and supportive care to those who are dying. As such, the nurse should provide necessary pain management to the patient even though this may hasten death. The emphasis is on avoiding needless pain and suffering by the dying patient. However, the nurse should not do so with the intent of ending the patient's life, regardless of the benevolence of intentions.

A student nurse in their clinical makes a mistake and it was later found that the act was negligent. Who may be held responsible? Select all that apply. 1. The student 2. The hospital or agency 3. The educational institution 4. The nurse that the student was following

1, 2 and 3 1. The student 2. The hospital or agency 3. The educational institution The nursing student is responsible for their actions and is not practicing under another nurse's license. The hospital or agency and the educational institution will also be held potentially responsible.

A nurse did not look up the patient's drug allergies in the chart and ignored the red band on the patient's wrist. The nurse administered a contraindicated medication, which resulted in urticaria and angioedema in the patient. The nurse noticed later and administered a shot of epinephrine, symptoms went away; the patient got better. The nurse felt no need to report the incident. Which of the following moral principles did the nurse violate? Select all that apply. 1) Veracity 2) Fidelity 3) Beneficence 4) Non maleficence 5) Justice

1, 3 and 4 1) Veracity 3) Beneficence 4) Non maleficence

A nurse is asked to obtain a consent form from a patient. After the patient signs the form it asks the nurse to sign as well. By signing these forms the nurse is confirming which of the following? Select all that apply 1. The signature is authentic. 2. The nurse explained the procedure to the client. 3. The client gave consent voluntarily. 4. The client appears competent to give consent.

1, 3 and 4 1. The signature is authentic. 3. The client gave consent voluntarily. 4. The client appears competent to give consent. The nurse's signature on the form of does not require the nurse to explain the procedure, but it does indicate the nurse saw the client sign it and it was given voluntarily and the person was competent enough to give consent.

Which of the following best defines prejudice? 1. A preconceived notion that is not based on adequate knowledge; it can be beneficial or unbeneficial. 2. Assumptions about a racial group. 3. The differential and negative treatment of individuals on the basis or their race, ethnicity, gender, or other group membership. 4. Making the assumption that an individual reflects all characteristics associated with being a member of a group.

1. A preconceived notion that is not based on adequate knowledge; it can be beneficial or unbeneficial. "Prejudice is a preconceived notion or judgment that is not based on sufficient knowledge. It may be favorable or unfavorable"

A 70 year old man had a heart attack and was resuscitated. After waking with several broken ribs and in severe pain the man decided that he does not want to go through this situation again. The patient decides he wants to sign a DNR, but the family of the patient thinks that the patient is making a rash decision. What should the nurse do? 1. Order the necessary forms for the patient. 2. Talk to the patient from the family's perspective. 3. Wait until the family is gone and talk to the patient about different options. 4. Ask a doctor to talk to the patient.

1. Order the necessary forms for the patient. It is the nurse's moral responsibility to honor the patient's right to autonomy and allow the patient to sign a DNR.

A nurse suspects that a treatment ordered by a physician will harm her patient; what would be the proper action for the nurse to take? 1. Refuse to carry out orders and report the situation to her nurse supervisor 2. Carry out the orders, then immediately report to her nurse supervisor 3. Inform the patient and allow her to choose whether or not to accept treatment 4. Report the physician to hospital's human resources department

1. Refuse to carry out orders and report the situation to her nurse supervisor Even though it is the physician's orders that the nurse is following, the responsibility of any nursing actions will be the responsibility of the nurse. The proper action would be to avoid doing anything that would harm a patient and report to the nurse supervisor.

What is the legal purpose for defining the scope of nursing practice, licensing requirements, and standards of care? 1. To protect the public 2. To protect the care giver 3. To protect the hospital 4. To protect nurses

1. To protect the public By following the Nursing Practice Acts, nurses are establishing a standard of care that ensures that their patients are cared for in a safe manner.

Which of the following exemplify goals of being a client advocate? Select all that apply. 1) Be subjective 2) Protect client's rights 3) Decide for the client 4) Disregard the family's decision 5) Intervene on client's behalf

2 and 5 2) Protect client's rights 5) Intervene on client's behalf

A registered nurse wishing to practice in a state other than where they are licensed should: 1) Rent a house there to establish residency 2) Contract the other state's Board of Nursing 3) Retake the NCLEX exam in that other state 4) Open a bank account to establish residency

2) Contract the other state's Board of Nursing If the states have an interstate compact the nurse will be able to practice in both states.

A patient informs the nurse that he or she participates in regular yoga and meditation classes to "increase my mental health and overall well-being." The nurse can conclude the patient practices which health behavior? 1.) Health protection 2.) Health promotion 3.) Secondary prevention 4.) Tertiary prevention

2) Health promotion The patient is seeking exercise to expand mental health, and increase his or her wellness. Number 1 is incorrect because the patient did not specify that practicing yoga or meditation was disease-specific. Number 3 and 4 are not applicable; secondary and tertiary prevention behaviors focus on identification, intervention and rehabilitation for specific diseases and illnesses.

A patient has just learned that her cancer has returned after being in remission for 4 years. Her doctor has recommended an aggressive treatment of chemotherapy and radiation. The patient has decided that she will not take the recommended treatment. Although the nurse disagrees with the patient's decision, she respects her decision and helps her organize palliative care. This is an example of: 1. Nonmaleficence 2. Autonomy 3. Accountability 4. Human Dignity

2. Autonomy Autonomy is defined as a person's right to make their own health care decisions. It is not a nurse's place to impose his or her own feelings of treatment on a patient.

An elderly patient has a terminal illness. Their physician explains to them that additional treatment is futile and the patient agrees that a do not resuscitate (DNR) order is appropriate. In this case the client is: 1. Incompetent. A proxy decision is responsible for their decision. 2. Competent. The DNR order should be documented. 3. Lacking decisional capacity. The client is unable to make the decision. 4. Withdrawn. Their living will should decide their treatment.

2. Competent. The DNR order should be documented. The patient has been given information by their physician and a competent client's values should always be given highest priority.

A patient is being disrespectful to a nurse who is treating them. In an effort to control the patient the nurse places restraints on them. This is an example of: 1. Invasion of privacy. 2. False Imprisonment. 3. Battery. 4. Negligence

2. False Imprisonment. False imprisonment is the "unjustifiable detention of a person without legal warrant to confine the person."

A client asked their nurse to please help with the pain she currently has from a surgery she had done a couple of hours ago. When the nurse replies, "I will be right back with your pain medication," and she follows through with that promise, the nurse is practicing: 1. Beneficence 2. Fidelity 3. Justice 4. Veracity

2. Fidelity Fidelity means to be faithful to agreements and promises.

Which are guidelines for the Good Samaritan Act? Select all that apply. 1. Insist on giving emergency treatment. 2. Have someone go get help or call 911. 3. Leave after you've done your part. 4. Accept payment from the client or family.

2. Have someone go get help or call 911.

An elderly client tells her nurse that she fell the night before and was unable to get up because her caretaker had left due to a family emergency. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. Nothing. This issue is outside the scope of the nurse's duty to her client. 2. Report suspicions of elder abuse to the proper authorities. 3. Provide the client with information about how to recognize elder abuse. 4. Speak with client's caretaker about her responsibilities to her client.

2. Report suspicions of elder abuse to the proper authorities. Nurses are mandated reporters and are required by law to report suspected abuse, neglect or exploitation. Neglect is the absence of care necessary to maintain the health and safety of a vulnerable individual such as a child or elder. In this case, the client was a victim of neglect because her caretaker left her alone and without care and the client suffered an injury as a result.

A patient who is in a persistent vegetative state has acquired a serious blood infection. They have are on a ventilator and the doctor has started them on an antibiotic regiment. The family arrives at the hospital and informs the nurse that they 'think this is too much for their loved one' and want to stop the ventilator and antibiotics. This is an example of: 1. Passive euthanasia 2. Termination of life sustaining treatment 3. Adhering to the advanced directive 4. Withdrawing life saving measures

2. Termination of life sustaining treatment This treatment is only keeping the patient alive. In such cases the family can choose to stop the life sustaining treatment if there is no prognosis of recovery.

A nurse is directed to have a client sign a consent form for electromagnetic therapy. The nurse is responsible for which actions: 1. Explaining the procedure to the client and obtaining the client's voluntary signature. 2. Witnessing the client's signature and verifying the client received enough information. 3. The nurse is not responsible for obtaining a client's signature; only the physician. 4. Encouraging the client to sign the form, because the client will benefit from the surgery.

2. Witnessing the client's signature and verifying the client received enough information. The nurse should witness the signature and advocate for the client by verifying that the client received enough information a. The nurse could be liable for providing incorrect information to the client. If the nurse has doubts about the client's understanding the nurse should notify the health provider c. It is the responsibility of the nurse to witness the client's signature d. The client's signature should be voluntary and not influenced by the nurse.

Which of the following behaviors indicate unclear values? 1) A client with an endomorph build, diagnosed with diabetes is admitted to the hospital 2) A client decides to live a "simpler life" and retires early to avoid stress and live longer. 3) A client with COPD refuses to stop smoking even after doctor's advice 4) A client says that she breast feeds to ensure her baby's health.

3) A client with COPD refuses to stop smoking even after doctor's advice

A female minor enters a clinic seeking treatment for an STD. The nurse should: 1) Contact the minor's mother for consent 2) Contact the minor's father for consent 3) Obtain consent directly from the minor 4) Tell the minor help isn't available for her

3) Obtain consent directly from the minor Minors can provide consent for themselves in certain situations.

A frail elderly client has decided that he does not want any more surgeries, but his family and surgeon insist he continue these surgeries. Which of the following is an example of caring-based reasoning? 1. "This surgery, which he may not even survive, will cause him to suffer more and his family will feel guilty later." 2. "This is violating this clients right to autonomy, this man has a right to choose what happens to his body." 3. "My relationship with this man makes me want to protect him; I must help his family understand his needs." 4. "If this man doesn't want the surgery, we shouldn't do it, he may die from the surgery and it will be a waste."

3. "My relationship with this man makes me want to protect him; I must help his family understand his needs." Caring-based reasoning stresses courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships.

Which of the following would be considered a violation of the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2005) for end of life issues? 1. A nurse honoring competent and informed client's decision to withhold food and fluids. 2. A nurse withholding food and fluids because it is determined to be harmful by the physician. 3. A nurse withholding life sustaining treatment because she knows the client is about to die. 4. A nurse keeping clients families informed that they can reevaluate life sustaining decisions.

3. A nurse withholding life sustaining treatment because she knows the client is about to die.

A nurse is helping a client to quit drinking alcohol. The nurse suggests to the client that the client remove all pint and shot glasses from the home. This strategy can help the nurse conclude the patient is in which stage of change? 1.) Contemplation 2.) Preparation 3.) Action 4.) Maintenance

3. Action During the action stage, the nurse can encourage the client to "modify the environment to reduce stimulus to a problem behavior." By encouraging the client to remove alcohol-related items in the home, the client will be better able to implement a permanent behavior change. Contemplation is incorrect because during this stage, the client has not yet identified the behavior that he or she would like to change. Preparation is incorrect because the client has already begun his or her behavior change. Lastly, maintenance is incorrect because, in this stage, the client has already implemented and adapted to a new behavior change.

A patient who is diagnosed with a terminal cancer and was instructed by a physician to start chemotherapy. What is the most appropriate question that the nurse should ask the patient? 1. Are you aware of the side effects of chemotherapy? 2. Can I share my story as a breast cancer survivor? 3. How do you feel about your decision? 4. Do you want to know your prognosis?

3. How do you feel about your decision? Asking the patient to clarify his/her perspectives and values. Asking about the patient's feeling will initiate a dialogue and the nurse will truly find out what's most important value in the patient's care plan.

A nurse anesthetist is preparing to administer anesthesia to a client prior to a procedure that a surgeon will perform. What would the proper action be to acquire the patient's consent for the anesthesia? 1. The doctor performing the surgery should make sure that the patient signs the consent form 2. The Anesthesiologist should make sure that the patient signs the consent form 3. The nurse anesthetist should make sure that the patient signs the consent form 4. The hospital needs to make sure that the patient signs the consent form

3. The nurse anesthetist should make sure that the patient signs the consent form The person performing the procedure is responsible for obtaining the proper consent from the patient. Because the nurse anesthetist will be administering the anesthesia, she should be sure that the patient has signed the consent document, orally consented, or expressed the nonverbal behavior that implies agreement.

A nurse is shopping at a mall and sees a crowd gathered around a person on the ground who is clutching their chest. Emergency Service is not yet on the scene. The nurse is unsure if they remember how to perform CPR correctly, should they administer care anyway? 1. Without the permission of the client, the nurse should not administer aid. 2. The nurse should administer aid regardless because the client's life is at risk. 3. The nurse should not do CPR because they are unsure how to perform it. 4. The nurse should perform CPR since they cannot be held liable.

3. The nurse should not do CPR because they are unsure how to perform it. The nurse should not administer CPR. The nurse is unsure and it would be malpractice to perform below the standard of what is expected. The nurse may be held liable for any damages that occur from performing CPR incorrectly.

A client is in the hospital with terminal cancer. He states that he doesn't want parenteral nutritional therapy when he starts to decline. The nurse knows that he should create an advance directive. The information she should give the patient is in which of the following? 1. The patient's bill of rights 2. Nursing standards of practice 3. The patient self-determination act 4. The patient protection act 5. The bible

3. The patient self-determination act The patient self-determination act requires that patients have the right to accept or refuse care and use an advance directive.

A novice nurse has just discovered that their nursing manager has a secret drug problem. The nurse should: 1) Keep the nursing manager's secret 2) Report the manager to the police 3) Talk to their manager about rehab 4) Report the manager to their employer

4) Report the manager to their employer Reporting the manager to their employer may save the manager's license and/or life.

Which of the following conditions have courts found to not be a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? 1. HIV infection 2. Blindness 3. Hearing loss 4. Depression

4. Depression Depression does not constitute a disability under the ADA.

A nurse discovers a client lying on the floor. He/she helps him back to bed. What should the nurse do FIRST? 1. File an incident report 2. Restrain the client 3. Notify another nurse 4. Ask a CNA to check on the client 5. Put a bed alarm on the client

5. Put a bed alarm on the client Putting a bed alarm on the client promotes immediate safety of the client. An incident report should be filed second.

Which of the following is not an example of an advocate's role: 1. Remain neutral when a client makes a health care choice 2. Assist in communication with health care providers 3. Help a patient explain to their family why they are making a health decision 4. Making sure that when they are at home they are adhering to their care plan

4. Making sure that when they are at home they are adhering to their care plan An advocate must respect the autonomy of the patient. They are there to help inform the patient about their rights and options to health care. They are not there to make sure they adhere to their care plan.

Which of the following does not reflect a violation of the conflicts of interest provision in the ANA Code of Ethics? 1. a nurse who cares for the football coach of his/her son who promised more playing time for the son 2. a nurse who hands out free samples from the pharmaceutical company where his/her spouse works 3. a nurse who refers elderly disabled clients to a family member who runs a private home care agency 4. a nurse who requests to be removed from the care of a patient who had assaulted his/her daughter

4. a nurse who requests to be removed from the care of a patient who had assaulted his/her daughter According to the ANA Code of Ethics (provision 4.4), a conflict of interest occurs when a nurse's personal interests interfere with the patient's best interests or the nurse's professional responsibilities. The nurse should never exploit the patient for any type of personal gain. When the nurse perceives a potential conflict of interest, he/she should reveal the potential conflict to parties involved, and in some instances, remove himself/herself from the situation.

Which of the following has not been established by the courts? 1. the right to refuse treatment 2. the right to information 3. the right to self determination 4. the right to active euthanasia

4. the right to active euthanasia The question of suicide and active euthanasia remains a controversial subject. The ANA states that active euthanasia is a violation of the Code for Nurses.

A nurse is caring for a patient from Thailand. The patient has been provided with several options of care for a pre-existing disease, yet the patient refuses to move forward with a decision about his care without his wife being present. How should the nurse proceed? 1.) "Would you like for me to bring a translator in to discuss your care?" 2.) "Your wife can provide advice, but your care is your choice." 3.) "I will refer you and your wife to your social worker for further information." 4.) "I will wait until your wife arrives to provide you information about your care."

4.) "I will wait until your wife arrives to provide you information about your care." A nurse should provide culturally responsive care and recognize that patients from Southeast Asia may apply a group perspective to decision making, and not want to make decisions regarding their healthcare without family present.

Occasionally, the client's best interest is contrary to the nurse's personal belief system. What is this contradiction referred as? A) Moral Distress B) Moral Conflict C) Moral Disagreement D) Moral Discrepancy

A) Moral Distress Moral distress causes serious issues in the workplace and nurses might need assistance with coping. The four A's to help nurses cope with moral distress are: ask, affirm, assess, and act.

Which of the following is a purpose of the nursing code of ethics: (Select all that apply) a) Guide the profession in self-regulation b) Provide ethical standards for professional behavior c) Enacting the conscience clause regarding personal beliefs and care. d) Strive for collaborative practice

A and B a) Guide the profession in self-regulation b) Provide ethical standards for professional behavior Nursing code of ethics have the following purposes: 1) Inform the public about the minimum standards of the profession and help them understand professional nursing conduct. 2) Provide a sign of the profession's commitment to the public it serves. 3) Outline the major ethical considerations of the profession. 4) provide ethical standards for professional behavior. 5) Guide the profession in self-regulation. 6) Remind nurses of the special responsibility they assume when caring for the sick.

According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, "nurses must promote, advocate for, and strive to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient". Additionally, nurses should advocate for their own colleagues who may show signs of impairment. Why might it be difficult for nurses to deal with an impaired colleague? Select all that apply. a. Fear of retaliation at work b. Fear of breaking friendship c. Assume the impaired nurse knows her situation well and where to get help d. Assume the problem will not persist long, wait for it to resolve itself

A and B a. Fear of retaliation at work b. Fear of breaking friendship Nurses usually avoid dealing with impaired colleagues for fear of retaliation (or being called a whistle blower) and for fear of breaking friendship and their sense of teamwork. C/D Even though an impaired nurse may know her situation, it may be hard for her to admit it or seek help. She may not be aware of the programs available to help

Which of the following examples is reflective of a nurse who is properly utilizing contingency planning? Select all that apply A. The nurse set the brakes of the wheelchair before attempting to transfer the patient from the bed to the wheelchair B. The nurse lowered all the side rails on the bed so that the incontinent patient could have easier access to the bathroom at night C. The nurse set up an emesis tray at the patient's bedside because a certain procedure has a post-op risk of vomiting D. The nurse placed restraints on an adult to ensure they wouldn't move while placing a feeding tube

A and C A. The nurse set the brakes of the wheelchair before attempting to transfer the patient from the bed to the wheelchair C. The nurse set up an emesis tray at the patient's bedside because a certain procedure has a post-op risk of vomiting Contingency planning was discussed by Dr. Lewis; it is used for risk management when an exceptional risk that, though unlikely, would have catastrophic consequences. A contingency plan is a plan devised for an outcome other that in the usual expected plan. In A, the nurse planned for the possibility of the wheelchair rolling away while transferring the patient, so she placed the brakes ahead of time. In C, the nurse is aware that a certain procedure has a risk of vomiting, so by setting up an emesis tray ahead of time, he or she won't have to deal with a patient who decides to try and get up to vomit just after surgery, or won't vomit on themselves or elsewhere. B is incorrect because lowering all the side rails is unsafe. D is incorrect because it is illegal to place restraints without a doctor's order or to make a procedure easier.

A nurse makes an effort to have caring encounters with his or her patient because: A) a patient's dignity and self-worth is increased. B) it is required by the ANA Standards of Professional Performance. C) a patient is more likely to demonstrate improved health. D) it will improve the nurse's level of job satisfaction.

A) a patient's dignity and self-worth is increased. "When clients perceive the encounter to be caring, their sense of dignity and self-worth is increased and feeling of connectedness are expressed."

The nurse notes an advance health care directive in the patient's chart. What should a nurse know? Select all that apply. a. A living will is put to use when the patient can no longer make decisions for him/herself b. The patient cannot make any changes to the advance directive once admitted into the hospital c. A durable power of attorney for health care appoints someone else to make decisions for the patient once s/he can no longer do so d. A living will appoints someone else to make decisions for the patient when the patient is in a vegetative state

A and C a. A living will is put to use when the patient can no longer make decisions for him/herself c. A durable power of attorney for health care appoints someone else to make decisions for the patient once s/he can no longer do so

Choose the actions that are considered to restore a patient's health in the HEALTH Traditions Model. Select all that apply A) Patient prays for healing, and asks for a religious ritual to be performed. B) Patient resists wearing a hospital gown. He wants to wear symbolic clothing. C) Patient avoids specific people, believing they can cause illness. D) The patient requests an exorcism to rid himself of sickness.

A and D A) Patient prays for healing, and asks for a religious ritual to be performed. D) The patient requests an exorcism to rid himself of sickness. These are each examples of health restoration in the HEALTH Traditions Model. Answers B is an example of health maintenance in the HEALTH Traditions Model, and answer C is an example of a patient protecting his health in the HEALTH Traditions Model.

In order for a facility to obtain magnet status, the professional work environment needs to meet which of the following components of the Magnet Recognition Program? a. Transformational leadership b. A low percentage of "failure to rescue" c. Collaboration with the other medical facilities d. State of the art biomedical devices e. New knowledge, innovation, and improvements

A and E a. Transformational leadership e. New knowledge, innovation, and improvements This is a knowledge question taken from ANA's Scope and Standards of practice, 2010

Which of the following is not an example of a nurse's obligation in ethical decisions: A) Advising abortion patients that they should more carefully consider their decision. B) Carrying out hospital policies. C) Maximize the client's well-being and protecting other client's well-being. D) Support each family member and enhance the family support system.

A) Advising abortion patients that they should more carefully consider their decision. It is part of the ethical code to present facts to the patient but not to second guess.

Which of the following is ethical. Select all that apply A. Respect a patient's advance directive of DNR even though the family disagrees. B. Helping a terminal patient administer lethal medication in Oregon. C. Refusing to assist in an abortion due to religious or moral principles. D. Suggest a new medicine to a patient because your friend told you it was effective.

A, B and C A. Respect a patient's advance directive of DNR even though the family disagrees. B. Helping a terminal patient administer lethal medication in Oregon. C. Refusing to assist in an abortion due to religious or moral principles. For A, since the patient completed an advanced directive, the nurse is ethically responsible for voicing that decision. B is correct because euthanasia is legal in certain states, including Oregon. C is correct because conscience clauses allow nurses to refuse assisting with an abortion if it violates moral principles. D could be true if the 'friend' was someone credible, but more research should be done before suggesting a medicine to a patient since nurses are supposed to maximize the client's well-being.

A nurse who is completely against homosexuality is refusing to provide care for a 45 year old gay patient with AIDS. Which of the essential nursing values is this nurse lacking? Select all that apply. A. Human dignity B. Altruism C. Utility D. Social justice

A, B and D A. Human dignity B. Altruism D. Social justice This nurse does not show concern for the welfare of her patient (altruism); this nurse does not show respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals (human dignity); this nurse does not provide fair treatment regardless of sexual orientation (social injustice).

Choose the following health factors that contribute to the health disparities experienced by people living at or below the poverty line. Select all that apply A) Patient has inability to schedule appointments quickly, or during open hours. B) The provider has unconscious biases C) Interpreters are available for limited English-speaking patients D) Patient isn't able to read, or fully understand insurance forms.

A, B, C and D A) Patient has inability to schedule appointments quickly, or during open hours. B) The provider has unconscious biases C) Interpreters are available for limited English-speaking patients D) Patient isn't able to read, or fully understand insurance forms. These are all factors that contribute to the health disparities experienced by people living at or below the poverty line.

Which of the following statements illustrate behaviors of unclear values? Select all that apply. a) Patient with diabetes who will not stop consuming sodas and processed foods b) Obese patient expresses she wants to lose weight but do not want to exercise. c) A patient who continually seeks helps to stop smoking but cannot cut down. d) Patient with high blood pressure who is thinking about cutting down salt intake. e) Patient who is anorexic ignores doctor's recommendation on healthy lifestyle.

A, B, C and E a) Patient with diabetes who will not stop consuming sodas and processed foods b) Obese patient expresses she wants to lose weight but do not want to exercise. c) A patient who continually seeks helps to stop smoking but cannot cut down. e) Patient who is anorexic ignores doctor's recommendation on healthy lifestyle. Answers A & E ignore health professional's advice. Answer B demonstrates inconsistent behavior/communication. Answer C exhibits patient's numerous admissions to a health agency for the same problem. Answers A, B, C, and E exemplify behaviors that may indicate unclear values. Answer D demonstrates that patient is in the precontemplation stage.

The Healthy People 2020 Initiative explains there are a powerful, complex relationships that exist which influence an individual's or populations health. These factors are called determinants of health, which include the following: Select all that apply a) literacy level b) racism c) legislative policies d) birth order e) socioeconomic status

A, B, C and E a) literacy level b) racism c) legislative policies e) socioeconomic status "Powerful, complex relationships exist between health and biology, genetics, and individual behavior, and between health and health services, socioeconomic status, the physical environment, discrimination, racism, literacy levels, and legislative policies. These factors, which influence an individual's or population's health, are known as determinants of health."

A student enters a patient's room to check vitals and the patient says "Oh, I don't think that's necessary, no one cares if I live or die." The student does not notice the patient's attempt to talk about their feelings because the student is tired, hungry, stressed, and preoccupied with his/her own worries. What would help the student develop caring? Select all that apply a. Plan for nutritious food choices on stressful days and stop skipping meals b. Ask the student's doctor for anti anxiety medication c. Commit to going on a thirty minute run daily d. Sit quietly and imagine a warm glowing light from within the student. e. Cancel all recreational activities as the student needs to focus more on patient

A, C and D a. Plan for nutritious food choices on stressful days and stop skipping meals c. Commit to going on a thirty minute run daily d. Sit quietly and imagine a warm glowing light from within the student. These answers reflect elements of self care such as nutrition, exercise, guided imagery. It is essential to develop care for yourself if you want to have the capacity to care for others.

Which of the following is an example of a nurses obligation in ethical decision making? Select all that apply A. Using judgment regarding individual competency when accepting and delegating responsibility B. Following what you believe is ethical rather than carrying out hospital policies C. Participating in the advancement of the profession through individual contributions D. Ensure that the individual receives sufficient information on which to base consent for care

A, C and D A. Using judgment regarding individual competency when accepting and delegating responsibility C. Participating in the advancement of the profession through individual contributions D. Ensure that the individual receives sufficient information on which to base consent for care

A nurse who is aware of one's relationship to others, fosters trusting relationships, and presents oneself as someone who respects others and demands respect demonstrate which 6 Cs of caring in nursing? Select all that apply a) Compassion b) Capability c) Confidence d) Conscience e) Comportment

A, C and E a) Compassion c) Confidence e) Comportment Answer B is not part of the 6 C's of caring in nursing. Answer A: A nurse exemplifies compassion when one is aware of one's relationship to others and participates in the experience of another. Answer C: A nurse who has the quality that foster trusting relationships and comfort with self, client, and family shows confidence. Answer E: A nurse that is in harmony with a caring presence and present oneself as someone who respects others and demands respect illustrates comportment.

The ANA code of ethics Provision 5 states that the nurse owes the same duties to self as to others. In what ways might this be true? Select all that apply. a. moral self respect: respecting the worth and dignity of all human beings extends to the self as well b. wholeness of character: the nurse owes it to self to integrate professional and personal values so to be part of a moral community c. professional growth and maintenance of competence: the nurse owes it to self to continue personal and professional growth d. preservation of integrity: the nurse may be faced with compromise but must maintain the integrity of personal and professional values

A,B,C and D, all of the above. a. moral self respect: respecting the worth and dignity of all human beings extends to the self as well b. wholeness of character: the nurse owes it to self to integrate professional and personal values so to be part of a moral community c. professional growth and maintenance of competence: the nurse owes it to self to continue personal and professional growth d. preservation of integrity: the nurse may be faced with compromise but must maintain the integrity of personal and professional values Respect for oneself, taking care of oneself, and treating oneself with the same integrity, value system and moral respect that one uses with others is important! ANA Code of Ethics, Provision 5

A client was told that he terminal disease. In what way does the nurse show competence? A. A nurse who discusses the palliative treatment options with the client and his family B. A nurse wants to listen to the patient and and say if you need I will be here C. A nurse who states that he or she knows what the patient is going through D.. A nurse who participates in meditation with the client to help them relax

A. A nurse who discusses the palliative treatment options with the client and his family A competent nurse understands the patient's condition, its treatment, and its associated care. The competent nurse is able to provide assessment, planning, implementing, and evaluation of a plan of care with the client and with the clients family. So by discussing the palliative treatment option that will be the best treatment.

If an institution denies medical care to a group of people based on their sexual identity, what cultural concept are they exemplifying? A. Discrimination B. Stereotyping C. Racism D. Generalization

A. Discrimination The institution is giving negative or differential treatment to a specific group of people. This is absolutely wrong, as all people deserve the same quality of care regardless of their gender, sexual identity, race, or ethnicity.

Obtaining informed consent for treatments and procedures is the responsibility of the a. Primary care provider b. Nurse c. Nurse manager d. CNA

A. Primary care provider | Obtaining informed consent is the responsibility of the one who is going to perform the procedure, generally primary care provider or surgeon. Can also be NP, nurse anesthetist, nurse midwife, PA, or clinical nurse specialist.

The new staff nurse working on the intensive care unit is concerned about her client's status. The client has continued to decline throughout the shift. The client's blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation have progressively dropped in a relatively short period of time. The nurse inquires with the charge nurse assigned to that shift. The charge nurse says "Don't worry, the client will be fine, he always does that." Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. The nurse should call the nursing supervisor on duty to assist. B. the nurse should wait and see how the client does. C. The nurse should agree with the charge nurse because that nurse has more experience. D. The nurse should discuss this with other nurses on the unit.

A. The nurse should call the nursing supervisor on duty to assist. The nurse should escalate up the chain of command to advocate for the client. Option B, is incorrect because the client is exhibiting serious symptoms that could represent a grave diagnosis. Option C is incorrect because the nurse must trust her own clinical judgement even if it is in conflict with a more senior nurse. Option D, this might be an appropriate strategy, but a supervisor can provide more immediate assistance.

The nurse understands the idea of autonomy by: A. Thoroughly explaining the procedures with possible outcomes using easily understood language. B. Respecting the patient's rights by allowing them to smoke in the hospital room. C. Suggesting that the nurse favor one procedure over another due to their personal opinion D. Give an unbiased, informative description of the different procedures available to the patient.

A. Thoroughly explaining the procedures with possible outcomes using easily understood language. By explaining the procedures and possible outcomes the nurse allows the patient to practice their right to autonomy.

Which of the following is the least "best evidence" for evidence -based practice? A. Trial and error B. Client's values and preference C. Clinical experience D. The optional of experts

A. Trial and error Trial and Error:is considered as the least evidence because it doesn't valid evidence and can be harmful to the patients

The process by which an individual slowly develops a new cultural identity by resembling the members of the prevailing group is known as: a. assimilation b. acculturation c. mingling d. socializing

A. assimilation Assimilation is to become like the members of the dominant culture

Which form of euthanasia also known as "mercy killing" is in violation of the Code for Nurses? Select all that apply. A. Passive euthanasia B. Assisted suicide C. WWLST D. Active euthanasia

B and D B. Assisted suicide D. Active euthanasia ANA's position statement state that both active euthanasia and assisted suicide are in violation of the Code for Nurses. Passive euthanasia is commonly referred to (WWLST) may be both legally and ethically more acceptable to most persons than assisted suicide.

During an assessment of a patient with a severe forehead injury, the nurse notices the patient has a red dot on their forehead. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? A) Work around the red dot and do not come in contact with it B) Ask the patient about the item and its significance C) Have the item temporarily removed to complete the examination D) No action is necessary

B) Ask the patient about the item and its significance The nurse should inquire about the red dot's meaning. These symbols are often seen as an important means of protection keeping one's health, spiritual protection, or ceremonious following a religious event.

You are assigned to take care of a patient who just had an abortion, but your beliefs are against abortions. It is best if you: A) Tell the charge nurse why you cannot take care of the patient. B) Take care of the patient because you are in a professional role. C) Ask another nurse is he/she could cover your shift with the patient. D) Forget about your own beliefs and assist the patient with her needs.

B) Take care of the patient because you are in a professional role. According to the ANA code of ethics for Nurses, the nurse's primary commitment is to the patient. In addition, the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics mentions that the nurse's primary professional responsibility is to people requiring nursing care. A nurse does not necessarily have to forget about his/her own beliefs, but rather just put them aside and not let them conflict with their professional role. A nurse's responsibility is to give the best quality care and be non-judgmental towards patient's decisions.

The nurse is confused during the health interview of a 45 year old woman who keeps her arms crossed. The nurse's best course of action would be to: A) start the interview over because the nurse has probably offended the patient. B) ask the patient if anything is making her uncomfortable. C) be firm with the patient and let her know that this will be easier if she just relaxes. D) ignore the non-verbal communication and continue with the interview.

B) ask the patient if anything is making her uncomfortable. If this was enough to notice, ask an open ended question to see if this just might be normal behavior for the patient. A wastes time without confronting a potential problem, C assumes too much and may offend, D also ignores confronting a potential problem.

Research studies have shown that in hospitals: A) the greater the percentage of attending physicians, the lower the incidence of adverse client outcomes. B) the greater the percentage of registered nurses, the lower the incidence of adverse client outcomes. C) implementing the total care delivery model results in a superior quality of care. D) unlicensed assistive personnel and practical nurses are able match the level of care provided by registered nurses.

B) the greater the percentage of registered nurses, the lower the incidence of adverse client outcomes. The larger the percentage of registered nurses among total staff, the lower the incidence of adverse client outcome such as falls, errors and preventable infections. It also states that, "quality was lower on those units that used the total care delivery method. " It also states that quality was superior on "units that had all RNs as opposed to staffing that included unlicensed assistive personnel and practical nurses."

Which of the following is an example of beneficence? A. A nurse advised a patient at risk of seizures to incorporate a treatment involving bright flashing light to treat a separate disease B. A nurse advised a smoker at risk of lung disease of a plan to limit and/or quit the use of cigarettes C. A nurse advised a patient at risk of a heart attack about a strenuous exercise program to improve health D. A nurse advised a patient with a history of stomach ulcers to incorporate a healthy diet that includes citric fruit juices

B. A nurse advised a smoker at risk of lung disease of a plan to limit and/or quit the use of cigarettes Beneficence means "doing good." Sometimes, doing good can also pose a risk for doing harm, so it is important to know all the risks the patient has and to incorporate the whole health of the person into a specific plan.

There is an 80-year old man suffering from bone marrow cancer. The patient is extremely depressed and no longer wants to live. They have requested that the nurse please give them a lethal dose of morphine to let them die peacefully and without anymore pain. The nurse refuses, what is the client asking the nurse to perform? A. Passive Euthanasia B. Active Euthanasia C. Termination of life-sustaining treatment D. Withdrawing

B. Active Euthanasia In this case the client is asking the nurse to perform active euthanasia, or "mercy killing". This is illegal and would result in criminal murder charges against the nurse if they had gone through with the act. This scenario involves a patient asking the nurse to administer lethal medication to end their suffering.

The nurse discovers that the last dose of intravenous antibiotic administered to a client was the wrong dose. which of the following should the nurse do? A. Document the event in the client's medical record only. B. File an incident report, and document the event in the client's medical record. C. Document in the client's medical record that an incident report was filed. D. File an incident report, but don't document the event in the client's medical record, because information about the incident is protected.

B. File an incident report, and document the event in the client's medical record.

What is a term used to describe an area with little access to large grocery stores with fresh and affordable foods needed to maintain a healthy diet? A. Rural B. Food desert C. Wasteland D. Urban

B. Food desert

Which of the following choices best defines the idea of personal standards of what is right and wrong? A. ethics B. morality C. fidelity D. veracity

B. Morality Morality is defined as "private and personal standards of what is right and wrong in conduct, character, and attitude." They define ethics as "the rules or principles that govern right conduct", fidelity as being "faithful to agreements and promises" and veracity as telling the truth.

Which action best represents the nurse understands provision 1 in the ANA Code of Ethics? A. The nurse believes they are capable of making a treatment decision for a patient due to their inability to speak. B. The nurse acts in a manner to relieve a dying patient's pain, although it poses the risk of hastening the patient's death. C. The nurse doesn't report a charting error made by their colleague in order to maintain a positive relationship with that colleague. D. The nurse attempts to allot equal time to each patient, regardless of their condition, attempting to respect the worth of each patient.

B. The nurse acts in a manner to relieve a dying patient's pain, although it poses the risk of hastening the patient's death. The measures that the nurse takes to comfort a patient outweighs the possible risk of a hastened death.

Upon request, a medical professional gives a terminally ill patient a lethal dosage of medication that the patient can administer at home. This can best be described as: A. active euthanasia B. assisted suicide C. passive euthanasia D. voluntary manslaughter

B. assisted suicide Assisted suicide occurs when a patient is given the means to end his life himself, upon request. Active euthanasia involves actions that bring about a patient's death directly (e.g. a medical professional administering a lethal dose of medication). Passive euthanasia occurs when life support is removed. Manslaughter may or may not be a punishment for euthanasia and assisted suicide, depending on the circumstances.

Choose the answers that are examples of essential nursing values. Select all that apply A) A nurse treats all patients with same standard of care except those patients who are not insured. B) A nurse values and respects her patients, but not necessarily all of her colleagues. C) A nurse respects her patient's right to make decisions about her own health. D) A nurse shows concern for the welfare of her patients, and other healthcare workers.

C and D C) A nurse respects her patient's right to make decisions about her own health. D) A nurse shows concern for the welfare of her patients, and other healthcare workers. C is an example of autonomy, and D is an example of Altruism. Answer A excludes patients who are not insured, so this is not an example of social justice. Answer B is not an example of human dignity, because the nurse does not respect her colleagues, it is not an example of altruism.

A female patient arrives in the hospital unconscious and needs to be put on life support to survive. It is discovered that before the patient was married, she had created an advanced directive to not be put on life support. What should the nurse do if the husband is requesting his wife be put on life support? A) Allow the patient to be put on life support per the husband's wishes B) Check the organization's and state's healthcare policies C) Adhere to the advanced directive D) Allow the patient to be put on life support if the chances of recovery are high

C) Adhere to the advanced directive All 50 of the United States have enacted advance directive legislation which is a written statement of a person's wishes regarding medical treatment, often including a living will, made to ensure those wishes are carried out should the person be unable to communicate them to a doctor.

The nurse refuses to check a blood pressure on a walk in patient with foot pain that states "HIV" as part of his health history. The nurse: A) has their actions covered under the ANA 2006 guidelines. B) should try to find another nurse to care for this patient. C) will have to care for this patient since it's just a blood pressure check. D) understands that this is a gray area and probably won't need to check a blood pressure.

C) will have to care for this patient since it's just a blood pressure check. The nurse has a responsibility to care for this patient. ANA 2006 states that nurses have a moral obligation to care for an HIV-infected patient as long as risk doesn't exceed the responsibility.

Veracity is best demonstrated by: A. A nurse ruling out a strenuous exercise program that would improve the patient's general health, but puts the patient at risk for a heart attack. B. A nurse promises a patient that she will be back in 5 minutes due to the need to assist another patient. The nurse returns in 5 minutes. C. A nurse clearly explaining that car accident that the patient survived from resulted in the death of the patient's spouse. D. A nurse catches a patient that is falling while incidentally leaving a dark blue bruise on the patient's arm.

C. A nurse clearly explaining that car accident that the patient survived from resulted in the death of the patient's spouse. This demonstrates that veracity involves telling the truth, even though the resulting truth could lead to the patient feeling anxiety and fear. (B) The nurse speaks the truth to the patient, however the fulfillment of a promise more closely resembles adherence to fidelity.

A nurse states "My patient's family just offered me some pasta they made from scratch...but c'mon, only Italians like me know how to make pasta!" What does this statement indicate? A. Prejudice B. Discrimination C. Ethnocentrism D. Stereotyping

C. Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own culture or lifestyle is superior to others. The nurse felt that only Italians like herself can make good pasta.

A nurse is caring for a client who is pregnant and unsure about whether or not she should have an abortion. The nurse begins to question herself by asking "Can I accept this?" and "What would I do in this situation?" What is the nurse doing in this situation? A. Gaining awareness of her professional values B. Questioning her professional beliefs C. Gaining awareness of her personal values D. Questioning her personal beliefs

C. Gaining awareness of her personal values Reflecting on values about life, death, happiness and illness is important in dealing with ethical problems. One way for nurses to gain awareness of their personal values is by asking themselves to consider their own attitudes about issues such as abortion by asking questions such as "Can I live with this?" "Can I accept this?" and "What would I want done in this scenario?" By asking herself these questions, the nurse is attempting to gain awareness of her personal values.

Which of the following scenarios best reflects the concept of nonmaleficence, rather than beneficence? A. Administering painkillers to a post-op patient B. Helping a patient brush her teeth C. Intervening when a colleague is not following proper aseptic technique D. Educating a patient with a broken hip about physical therapy

C. Intervening when a colleague is not following proper aseptic technique Administering medications, aiding with personal hygiene, and referring patients for further healthcare all fall under beneficence, which menas "doing good". Nonmaleficence, on the other hand, means to "do no harm". Preventing the improper use of aseptic technique is an example of doing no harm.

Which of the following is the example of the primary prevention? A. Ear infection is treated by the antibiotics B: Therapy given to a patient who was discharge from knee surgery C. Nutrition counseling for patient who has a family of obese and diabetes D. Removing tonsils for the patient with the condition of tonsillitis

C. Nutrition counseling for patient who has a family of obese and diabetes Primary prevention address areas such as proper nutrition so early detection will minimise the risk factors of the illness.

A client's family asked the nurse not to tell the client of his diagnosis because they believe the truth may eliminate hope. The client later asks the nurse for information regarding his condition. What should the nurse do in this situation? A. Withhold information because the truth will cause fear and anxiety B. Respect the family's request by not telling the client about his diagnosis C. Tell the client the truth despite knowing this may eliminate hope or cause harm D. Ask the client to discuss his diagnosis with his family since they know the truth

C. Tell the client the truth despite knowing this may eliminate hope or cause harm One of the moral principles includes veracity which means truth telling. The choice to tell the truth may not always be clear especially when a nurse knows it might cause harm. However, lying to a patient is rarely the correct thing to do since this causes a loss of trust. The nurse's loyalty is always to the client first.

Which of the following is not an acceptable example of giving informed consent? A) A father signing a consent for a tonsillectomy for her 16 year-old daughter who is worried the surgery will affect her singing voice. B) A husband giving consent for his comatose wife to receive a new treatment that is still in its trial stages. C) A surgeon assuming given-consent for an emergency procedure for an unconscious client whose next-of-kin cannot be located. D) A mother signing consent for her married 17 year-old son to participate in a research trial for a new ADHD medicine.

D) A mother signing consent for her married 17 year-old son to participate in a research trial for a new ADHD medicine. Minors who are married, pregnant, parents, members of the military, or emancipated are legally permitted to provide their own consent. The general rule under Maryland law indicates that if guardians and minors fitting these categories differ in opinion on consent, the IRB will go with the minor's decision. Therefore, a mother signing a consent for a married minor may not always be valid.

What is the correct course of action to help an elderly male patient, who is terminally ill of cancer and in a high intensity of pain, would like be euthanized? A) Participate if the laws in your state allow for assisted suicide B) Participate only if your religion/morals beliefs agree with this practice C) Obtain consent from the patient (or the person with the power of attorney) before assisting D) Do nothing as euthanasia is a violation of the Code for Nurses

D) Do nothing as euthanasia is a violation of the Code for Nurses While euthanasia and assisted suicide is has been upheld by the Supreme Court in the state of Oregon, the American Nurses Association's position that active euthanasia and assisted suicide are in violation of the Code for Nurses.

You are about to take a patient's blood pressure and the patient physically withdraws his/her arm. You should: A) Assume the patient's arm hurts and assess the other one. B) Continue the procedure and check the patient's vitals. C) Ask the patient if something is bothering him/her. D) Step back and inform the patient about the procedure.

D) Step back and inform the patient about the procedure. Patients may physically withdraw from nurses and other health care providers if they feel that he/she is too close. The concept of personal space depends on the culture. For instance, Western societies tend to be more territorial and will either move back or mention that someone is in his/her space. Stepping back and letting the patient know what is going to be done prior to the assessment should be considered.

A patient who is terminally ill and has stage IV breast cancer decides she no longer wants to proceed with her treatment and is contemplating on the idea of euthanasia. The patient turns to her nurse and says "Please be honest. What would you do in my situation?" How should the nurse handle this scenario? A. Be honest and answer the question from the nurse's personal view B. Tell the patient there are other alternatives to euthanasia C. Ignore the question and change the topic because it is unethical D. Ask the patient "Are you considering other courses of action?"

D. Ask the patient "Are you considering other courses of action?" It is the nurse's job to explore the client's value through discussion. The patient is unsure about what she should do and her conflicting values might be detrimental to her health. Therefore, the nurse should use value clarification as an intervention. However, the nurse should never impose her personal value, even if the patient asks for it since the nurse's decision would not be relevant to the patient's situation. Instead the nurse should redirect the question back to the client by asking questions such as "Are you considering other courses of action?"

A 16-year old girl comes into your clinic pregnant and seeking an abortion. Based on your personal religious beliefs you are against abortion, and thus do not feel comfortable continuing care with this patient. What would be the more appropriate response? A. Preach your religious faith and try to "save" the client by stopping her from receiving an abortion. B. Give her a pamphlet on why abortion is wrong, however say that the decision is up to her. C. Tell her you are against abortion and that she cannot seek treatment there. D. Refer to a clinic that can help her with the appropriate treatment options that she is seeking.

D. Refer to a clinic that can help her with the appropriate treatment options that she is seeking. Most states have laws allowing nurses to refuse to assist in an abortion is it violates religious or moral principles. But, based on the code of ethics, nurses must support the right for clients to be informed and have counseling to make informed decisions free of judgment and without coercion.

The nurse is assigned as the team leader on a busy medical/surgical unit. Which of the following BEST describes the "rights" of delegation the nurse must consider when assigning tasks to other members of the health care team? A. Right task, right timing, right client, right person, and right date B. Right task, right client, right direction, right supervision, and right date C. Right client, right direction, right day, right medication, and right unit D. Right task, right circumstance, right person, right direction, and right supervision.

D. Right task, right circumstance, right person, right direction, and right supervision. These are the five rights of delegation.

When a nurse tells the patient that she is going to get him a warm blankets. Client takes such promises seriously, so should the nurse, this is referred to as? a) Attitudes b) Autonomy c) Justice d) Fidelity

D: Fidelity Being faithful to agreements and promises.

An example of the nurse's moral obligation according to the ANA Code of Ethics is: a) Withholding food and fluids to a dying patient if it is determined to be more harmful to administer them then to withhold them. b) Ensuring that the family members of the patient are aware of the advance directive and agree to the terms. c) Assisting with an abortion even if it is against the nurse's beliefs. d) Assisting a terminal patient's request to end his life by participating in active euthanasia.

a) Withholding food and fluids to a dying patient if it is determined to be more harmful to administer them then to withhold them. According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2005), this position is supported through the nurse's role as a client advocate and through the moral principle of autonomy. Rationale for incorrect answers: b) the family members do not have to agree to the advance directives if they are already in place by the patient. c) Most states have conscience clauses, which enables a nurse to have the choice of not assisting with abortions if it is against their beliefs. d) While assisted suicide is legal is some states, the ANA's position on euthanasia is that both active euthanasia and assisted suicide are in violation of the Code for Nurses.

Which of the following is the best example of veracity? a) a nurse telling his/her patient the truth about the prognosis of his/her disease. b) a nurse respectfully addressing his/her patient by their last name. c) a doctor that brings his/her patient a glass of water when the patient is thirsty. d) a cleaning staff member quickly helping change sheets for a nurse.

a) a nurse telling his/her patient the truth about the prognosis of his/her disease. Veracity refers to telling the truth. This is important in order to maintain trust with a patient. The value of maintaining this trust can outweigh the immediate consequences of telling the truth. This is one of the moral principles.

Which of the following would not apply to the nurse's role as an advocate? a. Convincing a patient that he or she should ultimately be making medical decisions for his or herself. b. Allowing a home-care patient to revert back to his or her unhealthy habits after being released from the hospital. c. Working at the government level to gain wins for the nursing profession in pertinent areas of public health. d. Providing a patient with the necessary information to make his or her own medical decisions and supporting those decisions.

a. Convincing a patient that he or she should ultimately be making medical decisions for his or herself. Western tradition values a patient's control in making his or her own medical decisions. In other cultures, these responsibilities may be held by another individual, such as an elder or an entire community. The nurse needs to respect and accept these traditions, even if they don't correspond with his or her own values.

A client who has upper respiratory congestion is less congested in a supine raised head position but is in increased pain in this position due to recent rectal surgery. Which critical thinking attitude does the nurse utilize when quickly responding to the clients needs by suggesting they try a raised side lying position? a. Intuition b.The nursing process c. The trial-and-error method d. The research method

a. Intuition When utilizing intuition experience is key to understanding needs; this nurse knew without consultation to others or research that this would be a likely solution. Trial-and-error includes several approaches and if this new position were unsuccessful, the nurse would likely move to a trial-and-error approach.

A physically combative client with AIDS is admitted to the emergency room for a bacterial infection. The emergency room is understaffed and the client is sent to the AIDS ward. The nurse on duty is directed to administer an antibiotic by intramuscular injection. Does the nurse have a moral obligation to care for this client? a. Yes, unless the risk is greater than the responsibility. b. No, the nurse can refuse on religious values and beliefs. c. Yes, the nurse's primary obligation is to the client. d. Yes, but not until an orderly is present to restrain the client.

a. Yes, unless the risk is greater than the responsibility. Yes, but if a client is physically combative it may place the nurse at risk for a needle stick injury; the risk would exceed the responsibility b. the nurse cannot refuse on religious values and beliefs c. and d. Yes, but not if the risk is greater than the responsibility

A patient immediately experiences sharp, shooting pain in his left arm in response to the IV the nurse is inserting. The nurse is experienced and quickly removes the IV upon witnessing the patient's reaction, however, it is later determined that the patient suffered nerve damage as a result of the procedure. A tort is filed on the patient's behave citing an act of _________ on the nurses part. a. commission b. omission c. unprofessional conduct d. gross negligence

a. commission An act of omission would assume the nurse did not do something that should have been done. In this case the nurse immediately withdrew the IV upon seeing the patient's response, which is exactly what should have been done. Unprofessional conduct refers more to how a nurse behaves around with patient. In this case the nurse makes a mistake inserting the IV, but there is no evidence of poor professional behavior. Gross negligence would imply that it was the nurse's "extreme lack of knowledge, skill, or decision making" that caused the problem. On the contrary the nurse used correct decision-making skills when she acted quickly to remove the IV. Furthermore, since the nurse is "experienced" it is unlikely that a knowledge/skill deficit caused the incident.

A patient with chronic pain has been dropping hints to her nurse that she is considering using marijuana in addition to her prescription analgesics even though it is illegal. However, it is clear that the patient is unsure of herself and would feel more comfortable if her decision were supported in some manner by her health care professionals. The nurse is aware that there are multiple scientific studies showing that marijuana is effective for treating long term pain, and is considering informing her patient. What should she do? a. the nurse should ask herself "Am I doing the right thing?" As long as the nurse can defend the morality of her own actions her decision is the right one b. the wellbeing of the patient is the nurse's first priority, she should do whatever she can to help her patient regardless of whether it is legal or not c. the nurse should report the conversation to her charge nurse to protect herself from potential repercussions should anyone find out about the conversation d. the nurse should check what the hospital policies are with regards to illegal drug use before she says anything to her patient

a. the nurse should ask herself "Am I doing the right thing?" As long as the nurse can defend the morality of her own actions her decision is the right one Conflicting loyalties and obligations make ethical decision making more difficult. However, in the end the most important thing is to be able to defend the morality of your own actions. The nurse must consider the legality of actions taken and cannot simply disregard the law as a matter of course (B), reporting the conversation violates the patients privacy and is not ethical (C) the patient is not using illegal drugs in the hospital, so the nurse does not need to check with hospital policies on drug use/abuse(D).

A middle aged, obese woman repeatedly returns to her healthcare provider complaining of ankle pain but does not attempt to lose weight. The best response by the nurse when clarifying the client's values would be: a) "Have you thought about losing weight as that will help alleviate the pain?" b) "Let's look over the various actions that could possibly help alleviate the pain." c) "We have a great program for losing weight. Would you like more information? d) "It is important to follow the plan of care. Are you following the doctor's orders?"

b) "Let's look over the various actions that could possibly help alleviate the pain." Listing alternatives may help a client become aware of all actions available if the client appears to hold unclear or conflicting values related to a particular health problem. The nurse assists client to think through each question but does not impose personal values. Behavior that may indicate unclear value: Numerous admissions to a health agency for the same problem.

A nurse is working with an elderly client and his wife to prepare discharging the husband. The wife wants to provide care for her husband at home despite repeated requests by the family to admit him to a long term nursing facility. What is the nurse's role in family disagreements? a) Help the wife to understand family's concern. b) Be an advocate for the husband and wife. c) Say, "you need to discuss it with your family." d) Do not interfere and let the family decide.

b) Be an advocate for the husband and wife. Nurses are advocates for both the client and the family. Through advocacy, nurses are champions for their clients. They empower clients and families through activities that enhance well-being, understanding, and self-care.

The nurse is preparing an English-speaking client of Hispanic background for a pacemaker insertion procedure. The client has pinned a religious medal to her hospital gown and carries it with her at all times. The nurse knows that the client must remove her gown in the OR. What is the best way to care for this client? a) Remove the medal without informing the client before surgery and put it back after. b) Send the medal to the OR with a note explaining the significance of it to the client. c) Explain to the client that the medal does not have any healing power or value. d) Say, "I will hold the medal for you until you return from the operation room."

b) Send the medal to the OR with a note explaining the significance of it to the client. When nursing care fails to be compatible with the patient's beliefs and values, there may be signs of conflict, noncompliance and stress. Culturally compatible care is provided by preserving the client's familiar life-way and by making accommodations in care that is satisfying to the client.

Which of the following situations are appropriate for lawsuits that fall under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur? a. A patient is delivered a wrong diagnosis because the nurse couldn't work the ultrasound machine properly. b. A patient develops an infection after surgery in response to a piece of gauze that was left inside him. c. A patient is given the wrong medication after the nurse mixes up two similar looking vials. d. A patient is subjected to prolonged smoke inhalation because the nurse couldn't locate the fire extinguisher.

b. A patient develops an infection after surgery in response to a piece of gauze that was left inside him.. This doctrine encompasses the cases that cannot be traced back to a specific nurse or doctor. In this case, it cannot be determined which health care provider left the gauze in the patient.

The ANA Code of Ethics makes provisions for all the the following EXCEPT: a. Right to self-determination b. Right to die c. Respect for human dignity d. Primacy of the patient's interests

b. Right to die

A nurse is caring for incarcerated individuals at a state prison. The nurse attentively listens to each patient, provides quality care, and views them as a holistic person and deserving of care. What aspect of the ANA Code of Ethics is this nurse fulfilling? a. The nurse advocates for patients safety and rights b. The nurse practices with respect for the uniqueness of every individual regardless of social/economic status or nature of health problem c. The nurse's primary commitment is the the patient, whether an individual, family or community D. The nurse is accountable for individual nursing practice and appropriate delegation of tasks.

b. The nurse practices with respect for the uniqueness of every individual regardless of social/economic status or nature of health problem This is an example of our ethical duty and the fundamental right of all individuals to receive care. ANA Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nurses

A terminally ill patient is suffering from uncontrollable pain. The patient asks the doctor to provide her with a lethal dose of pills to end her misery. This is an example of what of end of life ethical issue? a. active euthanasia b. assisted suicide c. passive euthanasia d. termination

b. assisted suicide Assisted suicide gives the patient the means to take their own life if they request it.

A fully alert and competent 82-year-old client has end-stage kidney disease. The client says, "I'm ready to die," and refuses dialysis. The family urges the nurse to set up dialysis. What is the nurse's moral responsibility? a. request a nephrologist come speak with the family. b. honor the client's decision c. make arrangements for dialysis due to lack of written documentation stating the patient's wishes d. try to convince the client to change his mind

b. honor the client's decision Nurses must honor patients' autonomy, even when their own choices may not seem to be in their best interest.

A nurse on a medical unit notices a client has just developed a temperature and does not have an order for acetaminophen. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? a. call the primary care provider immediately and then review the client's chart b. review the client's chart and have all information ready prior to calling the primary care provider c. talk with the charge nurse, give the client acetaminophen, and then call the primary care provider d. give acetaminophen because an order for over-the-counter medication is not needed

b. review the client's chart and have all information ready prior to calling the primary care provider Reviewing the client's chart gives the nurse the opportunity to note whether an order for acetaminophen was missed or if the client has an allergy that would contraindicate the medication. Any medication given to a client in a healthcare facility has to be ordered by a primary care provider.

A nurse is completing a health history on her 34 year-old female patient. When the nurse arrives at the sexual history section, the first question she asks is if the patient is using birth control. The client responds no. What should this nurse ask next: a) "What is the reason for not using anything?" b) "Are you pregnant or trying to get pregnant?" c) "Are your partners male? female? Both?" d) "Have you used birth control in the past?"

c) "Are your partners male? female? Both?" Cultural competency is a ongoing process where the nurse strives to work effectively within cultural context of a client. It's important to establish what might be the sexual activity concerns of this patient by inquiring about partners. The original question about birth control in the stem already assumes heterosexuality and is not the best question to ask in the first place. Answer A could be the answer but may put the patient in awkward position of how she answers. Answer B assumes the patient is not using birth control because she is pregnant rather than understanding that this patient may not have male partners. Answer D isn't necessarily relevant at this stage of the assessment.

Which of the following actions best demonstrates a nurse understands the concept of values clarification? a) A nurse persuades the client to make a decision the nurse feels is in her/his own best interest. b) A nurse understands and adheres to the stated values of the institution she/he works for. c) A nurse respects the client's decision even though she/he does not agree with it. d) A nurse understands and adheres to the essential nursing values as set out by the AACN.

c) A nurse respects the client's decision even though she/he does not agree with it. Values clarification is a process nurses undertake to better understand and become aware of her/his own values. The goal is to avoid unintentionally or unconsciously imposing the values of the nurse on the client.

Patient is fighting end-stage of ovarian cancer. In the patient's advance directives, it specifically states to withhold special attempts to revive. This is an example of which end-of-life issue? a) Active euthanasia b) Assisted suicide c) Passive euthanasia d) General suicide

c) Passive euthanasia Passive euthanasia is commonly referred to as WWLST, withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining therapy that involves the withdrawal of extraordinary means of life support and allowing patient to die of the underlying medical condition. Active euthanasia involves actions to bring client's death directly (with or without client's consent). Assisted suicide is providing client with resources to kill themselves under his/her request.

The nurse has been asked by the head nurse to work a third double shift during one week. The head nurse begs the exhausted nurse to stay until midnight. What should she respond: a) Say yes, otherwise leaving would be considered abandonment. b) Say no and tell her to find someone else who is less tired to work. c) Say no, but tell her that you can stay until the next nursing shift begins. d) Say yes, but ask for the weekend off to compensate the overtime work.

c) Say no, but tell her that you can stay until the next nursing shift begins. It is vital that nurses attend to their own needs, because caring for self is central to caring for others. Self-care is important for professional nurses.

A 19 year girl was rushed to hospital, had a miscarriage and was not aware that she was even pregnant. The parents arrived to the hospital not knowing what has gone wrong. The girls asked the doctor and the nurse not to tell her parents about the miscarriage. What be the Nurse response when the parents ask about their girl's health? a) Tell them the truth and inform them that their daughter did not want them to know. b) Tell them it is none of their business as their daughter is over the age of 18. c) Tell them their daughter is well and due to patients privacy they are not able to disclose any information. d) Talk aloud in front of doctor about the girl's condition so her parents could over hear the case.

c) Tell them their daughter is well and due to patients privacy they are not able to disclose any information. Nurses and Doctors have to respect the patient's wishes and request for their privacy. Also, present the information to their parents in an ethical way of not offending or disrespecting.

A nurse is taking care of a 32 year old Chinese female patient. Which of the following demonstrates culturally responsive care? a) The nurse trying to speak to the patient in Chinese upon first meeting her. b) The nurse believes she does not hold any biases about Chinese culture. c) The nurse is self aware of his/her own cultural beliefs and practices. d) The nurse tells the patient that Chinese herbs do not work as well as Western medicine.

c) The nurse is self aware of his/her own cultural beliefs and practices. Culturally responsive care involves understanding ones own cultural, attitudes, and beliefs. It is not "b" because truthfully, people have biases toward different cultures, but the nurse should be able to recognize and be able to examine the bias that he/she holds. It is not "a" and because this is a generalization that the this nurse holds. He/she does not give the patient a chance to express their individuality. It is not "d" because this nurse isn't respecting the patient's culture.

A patient shares with the nurse that is s/he entered a persistent vegetative state, s/he does not believe his/her family will not be able to resolve her medical condition effectively to her standards. What would be the most appropriate statement the nurse should state? a. "Tell your most trusted cousin how you want your medical condition to be handled." b. "Have a sit down with your family about how you want things specific things handled." c. "You should look into getting an advance directive to ensure your wishes are met." d. "Don't worry about that, your family will set do the right thing and fulfill your wishes."

c. "You should look into getting an advance directive to ensure your wishes are met." An advance directive, in the form of a living will, will ensure that the patient's specific instructions will be met about whichever medical treatment s/he wants or not want when s/he is not able to communicate that information.

A nurse is dealing with an extremely uncooperative patient who will not take his medicine. What would be an appropriate response? a. Telling the patient, "You have to take your meds. It's what the doctor ordered, and it is in your best interest." b. Crushing the meds in the patient's food so that he gets them anyway, because he really needs to take them to get better. c. Informing the patient of the possible ramifications of not taking his meds, but accepting that he does not have to take them if that is his decision. d. Telling another nurse not to force the patient to take his meds because it is his decision not to take them. And, if he does not care about getting better why should his nurses.

c. Informing the patient of the possible ramifications of not taking his meds, but accepting that he does not have to take them if that is his decision. Choice (a) violates the essential nursing value of autonomy. Choice (b) violates the essential nursing value of integrity. Choice (d) violates the essential nursing value of altruism.

An off duty nurses witnesses an accident involving a tree and a bicyclist in which the bicyclist is thrown from his bike. The nurse decides to take action under the Good Samaritan Act. Which of the following is the appropriate action the nurse should take? a. Stabilize the injured cyclist and then go get help. b. Insist on applying pressure to any obvious wound. c. Provide general first aid while waiting for additional help. d. Stay on scene without touching the bicyclist until help arrives.

c. Provide general first aid while waiting for additional help. The guidelines for nurses who wish to render emergency services under the Good Samaritan Act suggest the nurse, "limits actions to those normally considered first aid". It also states that the person providing emergency care should not leave the scene until another qualified person arrives.

A nurse has a 75-year-old Christian African American female patient who is from the South. Which act would demonstrate that the nurse is providing the patient culturally congruent care? a. The nurse states different facts of African American history each time she see the patient b. The nurse makes sure s/he address the patient as "Ma'am" whenever s/he addresses the patient c. The nurse gets a Bible for the patient's room, knowing that the room does not have one. d. The nurse asks the patient if she wants an African American nurse to provide her. care.

c. The nurse gets a Bible for the patient's room, knowing that the room does not have one. For this case, the nurse is making accommodations in care that are satisfying to the patient. Since the patient is a religious woman, obtaining a Bible for her is showing the nurse is aware that Christians like to read the Bible as part of their culture.

A 75 year old woman with ovarian cancer rejects radiation and chemotherapy treatments, because she fears their effects. She wants to only pursue a natural, holistic treatment, because she believes it is the least painful option. What nursing action would be most helpful? a. Honoring the client's decision and not interfere with her choice to avoid a painful treatment. b. Helping her research the most effective, holistic treatments and choosing the best option. c. Verifying the client has accurate information and understands the consequences of her decision. d. Informing the client that radiation and chemotherapy are the best options for her survival.

c. Verifying the client has accurate information and understands the consequences of her decision. Nurses need to help clarify client's values by examining the possible consequences of their choices; make sure the client has thought about possible results of each action. a. The client may not have accurate information. Not providing accurate information would be violating nonmaleficence. b. and d. These actions would be imposing the nurse's values on the client, which should never be done.

A nurse observes a client crying as he reads from his devotional book. What intervention by the nurse would be the most appropriate? a. contact the hospital's spiritual services b. inquire as to what is making him cry c. provide quiet times for these moments d. turn on the television for a distraction

c. provide quiet times for these moments Providing privacy and time for the reading of religious materials supports the spiritual health of the client. Asking the client about crying or providing a distraction could be interpreted as being disrespectful of the client's beliefs.

While doing her rounds in the hospital a nurse overhears a conversation between two family members regarding the nurse's patient. The conversation makes her suspect that the family physician has not been completely honest with them about the patient's condition. She is confronted with an ethical dilemma: her loyalties are torn between the patient and the doctor. What should she do? a. the ethical decision making process is a linear one, the nurse has her own moral compass and she should make a decision and stick with it b. the ethical decision making process is a linear one, the nurse knows that lying to a patient is a black- and-white situation and what the doctor has done is wrong, regardless of the reasoning behind the decision c. the ethical decision-making process is not a linear one, she should develop her reasoning, uncover any assumptions she may be making and evaluate alternative views before making a decision d. the ethical decision-making process is not a linear one, the nurse should report to the charge nurse so that her suspicions can be confirmed, ensuring that someone with the proper authority takes charge of the situation

c. the ethical decision-making process is not a linear one, she should develop her reasoning, uncover any assumptions she may be making and evaluate alternative views before making a decision The ethical decision making process is not linear and involves developing reasoning, uncovering assumptions and evaluating alternative views among other things. A and B are incorrect because the process is not linear. D is incorrect because it relieves the nurse of her own role in following the code of ethics

Nonmaleficence is best portrayed by: a) Promising to return to a patient in a timely manner and following through. b) Agreeing to not tell the patient that they are terminal at the request of the family. c) Assisting a patient with their DNR paperwork d) Being unsure about which medication to administer and asking for clarification.

d) Being unsure about which medication to administer and asking for clarification. Nonmaleficence is the duty to "do no harm". This includes intentional harm, unintentional harm, and placing someone at risk for harm. Asking for clarification about a medication that a nurse is unsure of, ensures that the patient is not harmed by the incorrect medication. a) is an example of fidelity. b) is an example of not following veracity. c) is an example of honoring autonomy of the patient.

A nurse acts on behalf of the client in order to insure that she/he gets access to health care that meets her/his needs. The nurse is fulfilling which nursing role. a) Caregiver b) Case manager c) Change agent d) Client advocate

d) Client advocate The nurse as client advocate acts to protect the client, and represent her/his needs and desires to other health care providers.

A Senior Nurse always watching your work and points out all the errors you make. One day the same Senior Nurse was about to see a patient and gets an equipment that had a label stating, not functioning effectively and is set for repair. The Senior Nurse forgets to check and takes the equipment and you notice this happening. What would be your reaction? a) Let the Senior Nurse finish using the equipment and then tell her. b) Tell in front of everyone that Senior Nurse should check labels on the equipment before using it. c) Ignore what you saw and let the Senior Nurse do her job and eventually would find out that the equipments is not working. d) Go to the Senior Nurse personally and let her know that equipment is set for repair.

d) Go to the Senior Nurse personally and let her know that equipment is set for repair. Nurse's job is not to just focus on her own work, but prevent evil or harm and remove evil or harm as a moral principal. Letting the Senior Nurse be aware about the equipment is also protecting the patient and the Senior Nurse. Safety of yourself, others staff members, and patients is very important and putting aside your personal feeling toward anyone.

A nurse decides it is inappropriate to keep information from a client about his/her condition, and acts on the decision displays which moral principal. a) Beneficence b) Fidelity c) Autonomy d) Veracity

d) Veracity Veracity refers to telling the truth

An adolescent client is admitted to the emergency department with a fever. None of the client's family members are present, and the client is tearful and withdrawn. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is an example of therapeutic communication? a. "I know you are frightened, but we will find out what is wrong with you soon." b. "Let me show you around so that you are less frightened." c. "Tell me why you are so frightened." d. "You look frightened."

d. "You look frightened." This answer demonstrates an empathetic and caring attitude where the nurse is addressing nonverbal behavior in an open and honest manner. Answer A diminishes the value of the client's feelings and is giving false reassurance. Answer B, the nurse is making an assumption the client is tearful and withdrawn because he or she is in a strange environment. Answer C isn't correct because "why" questions may make a client defensive.

A serious car accident left the patient in a persistent and vegetative state. The patient's advance directive instructed that, if left without cognitive or neurological functions, to terminate all life-sustaining treatment. What is the role of the patient's nurse? a. withdraw care to patient b. comfort the patient's family c. focus on the other patients d. continue to care for the patient

d. continue to care for the patient The nurse must continue to provide sensitive care and comfort measures even though life-sustaining treatment has been terminated.

According to the American Nurses Association, participation in assisted suicide, or assisted euthanasia by a nurse is: a. currently upheld by the Supreme Court in the state of Oregon. b. permissible so long as it is by means of passive euthanasia. c. in accordance with the code of ethics with a physician's order. d. currently considered a violation within the Code for Nurses.

d. currently considered a violation within the Code for Nurses. The ANA considers both active and assisted euthanasia in violation of the Code for Nurses. Passive euthanasia is the cessation of life supporting means and is more commonly accepted and practiced than assisted or active euthanasia.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a case of nursing malpractice? a. the client cannot be revived due to nurse's inability to operate new equipment b. the client complains of abdominal pain and the nurse does not note it in the chart. The client's appendix ruptures. c. the nurse leaves a baby unattended on a bath table and the baby falls and is injured. d. the nurse unintentionally gives the patient a double dose of vicodin.

d. the nurse unintentionally gives the patient a double dose of vicodin. To prove a case of malpractice, 6 elements must be present: duty, breach of duty, foreseeability, causation, harm/injury, damages. In all of the above cases EXCEPT the last, there was injury to the patient. Although medication errors can be serious and result in death, the aforementioned did not explicitly state harm and would not fall under the definition of malpractice.

A nurse has passed medications to a client per the physician's orders. The client has experienced an adverse reaction to the administered drugs. What level of maleficence is this described as in Fundamentals of Nursing, chapter 5? a. placing negligent harm b. placing intentional harm c. placing unintentional harm d. placing malevolent harm e. placing client at risk of harm

e. placing client at risk of harm There is a known risk of harm when administering medications with the intention to be helpful as the possibility of adverse reactions is always present. Berman describes this as, "placing someone at risk of harm."