NURA 308 AH 1 Practice Questions Cardiovascular

What two problems are associated with compromised arterial perfusion and prolonged capillary refill time? A. Cardiogenic shock B. Fever C. Heart failure D. Feeling real crappy

A. Cardiogenic shock & C. Heart Failure

A nurse is examining the ECG of a patient with an acute MI. The nurse should recognize that the elevated ST segments on the ECG indicate which alteration? A. Necrosis B. Hypokalemia C. Hypomagnesmeia D. Insufficiency

A. Necrosis

Peripheral edema is a common finding in patients with... (SATA) A. Heart failure B. Deep vein thrombosis C. Ototoxicity D. Chronic venous insufficiency

A, B, D Heart failure, DVT, chronic venous insufficiency

Which results indicate a client is at risk for heart disease? SATA A. Cholesterol (total) 245 mg/dL B. HDL 90 mg/dL C. LDL 140 mg/dL D. Triglycerides 125 mg/dL E. Troponin I 0.02 ng/mL

A, C

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has HF. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. A BNP of 200 pg/mL B. Bradycardia C. Fluid restriction of 3 L per day D. 4g sodium diet

A. A BNP of 200 pg/mL

A nurse is reviewing the health record of a client who asks about using propranolol to treat hypertension. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for taking propranolol? A. Asthma B. Glaucoma C. Hypertension D. Tachycardia

A. Asthma. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker. Blockade of beta2 receptors int he lungs causes bronchoconstriction which is bad for asthmatics.

Which are common causes of bradycardia? Select all that apply. A. Beta blockers B. Hypothermia C. Holding your breath D. Being an endurance athlete E. Vagal stimulation

A. Beta blockers B. Hypothermia D. Being an endurance athlete E. Vagal stimulation

Which term indicates a measurement of conduction speed in the AV node? A. Dromotropy B. Chronotropy C. Inotropy D. Derpotropy

A. Dromotropy

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a prescription for a low-sodium diet to manage hypertension. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. I can snack on fresh fruit B. I can continue to eat lunchment sandwiches C. I can have cottage cheese with my meals D. Canned soup is a good lunch option

A. I can snack on fresh fruit The other options have too much sodium

A nurse is caring for an older adult patient who had an acute MI. When assessing this client, the nurse should identify that older adults are prone to complications of MI from poor tissue perfusion because of which of the following age-related factors? A. Peripheral vascular resistance increases B. The sensitivity of blood pressure-adjusting baroreceptors increases C. Blood is hypercoaguable and clots more quickly D. Cardiac medications are less effective

A. Peripheral vascular resistance increases

A patient in heart failure has a telemetry reading that displays a flattening of the T wave. Which of the following lab results should the nurse anticipate as the cause of this ECG change? A. Potassium 2.8 mEq/L B. Digoxin level 0.7 ng/mL C. Hemoglobin 9.8 g/dL D. Calcium 8.0 mg

A. Potassium 2.8 mEq/L The normal potassium is 3.5-5 per our text, and this is an expected response on the ECG to low potassium

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new script for nitroglycerin transdermal patch for angina pectoris. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Remove the patch each evening B. Cut each patch in half if angina attacks are under control C. Take off the patch for 30 minutes if you get a headache D. Apply a new patch every 48 hrs

A. Remove the patch each evening

A nurse started transfusing a unit of B+ fresh frozen plasma to a client whose blood type is O-negative. Which of the following actions should they take next? A. Remove the unit of plasma immediately and start an IV infusion of normal saline solution B. Continue the transfusion and repeat the type and crossmatch C. Prepare to administer a dose of diphenhydramine IV D. Continue to check for manifestations of a transfusion reaction

A. Remove the unit of plasma immediately and start an IV infusion of normal saline solution A person with type O blood cannot receive type B products

A nurse is assessing a client who has late-stage HF, and fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Weight gain of 1kg in 1 day B. Pitting edema +1 C. Nocturnal cough D. BNP level of 100 pg/mL

A. Weight gain of 1kg in 1 day

What are signs and symptoms of internal bleeding? (SATA) Low blood pressure Thready pulse Rapid heart rate Confusion Dizziness Shallow, rapid breathing Cold clammy skin

All of these! + a distended abdomen

Which of the following are adverse effects of aspirin? Select all that apply A. Hypertension B. Coffee-ground emesis C. Tinnitus D. Parasthesias of the extremities E. Nausea

B, C, E

You're assessing a client with PVD and a venous ulcer on the right ankle. Which findings would you expect in the client's affected extremity? A. Absent pedal pulses B. Ankle swelling C. Hair loss D. Skin atrophy

B. Ankle swelling

A nurse is teaching about lifestyle changes to a patient who had an MI and has a new script for a beta blocker. Which statement from the patient indicates understanding of teaching? A. I should eat food high in saturated fat B. Before taking my meds I'll count my radial pulse rate. C. I'll exercise once a week for an hour down at the jazzercise club D. I'll stop taking my meds when my blood pressure's back in the normal range

B. Before taking my meds I'll count my radial pulse rate.

Which term indicates a measurement of heart rate? A. Dromotropy B. Chronotropy C. Inotropy D. Derpotropy

B. Chronotropy

You're completing an assessment on a client. Which of the following findings should you identify as a risk factor for coronary artery disease? SATA A. Hypothyroidism B. Hypertension C. Diabetes mellitus D. Hyperlipidemia E. Tobacco smoking

B. Hypertension C. Diabetes mellitus D. Hyperlipidemia E. Tobacco smoking Hypothyroidism is not a risk factor.

A nurse is monitoring the EKG of a client with hypocalcemia. Which of the following findings should she expect? A. Flattened T waves B. Prolonged QT intervals C. Shortened QT intervals D. Widened QRS complexes

B. Prolonged QT intervals

Nurse Brenda has a patient whose EKG shows the following: Rate is less than 60 beats per minute P Waves precede each QRS complex PR interval is normal QRS complex is normal Conduction is normal Rhythm is regular What rhythm does her patient have? A. Sinus tachycardia B. Sinus bradycardia C. Brady bunch block D. Asystole

B. Sinus bradycardia

What is the most common heart rhythm in cardiac arrest? A. Atrial fibrillation B. Ventricular fibrillation C. Atrial flutter D. Valvular stenosis

B. Ventricular fibrillation

The Todd looks up from surgery to check out the cute anesthesiologist. Suddenly he catches a glimpse of his patient's odd new waveform on the EKG screen. There is a ventricular rate of 160bpm, the QRS complexes are wide, bizarre, and independent of P waves. The P waves aren't discernible. A nurse is asked to pull amiodarone to treat the patient's... A. Premature atrial contractions B. Ventricular tachycardia C. Junctional rhythm D. Sinus bradycardia

B. Ventricular tachycardia

What are the two big risks after any surgery?

Bleeding and infection

Nurse Brenda's other patient has an odd heart rhythm, well, sort of. There's actually no atrial or ventricular rate or rhythm. There are no discernible P waves, QRS complexes, or T waves. What is Brenda seeing on the screen? A. Ventricular tachycardia B. Atrial flutter C. Asystole D. Third degree AV block

C. Asystole

A nurse in an ALF is caring for a client receiving IV nitroprusside for a hypertensive crisis. Which side effects should the nurse watch for? A. Intestinal ileus B. Neutropenia C. Delirium D. Hyperthermia

C. Delirium Delirium and other mental status changes can occur when IV nitroprusside is infused at a high dosage

A nurse is caring for an adult male client who is undergoing screening tests for atherosclerosis. Which of the following lab findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for this disorder? A. Cholesterol level 195 mg/dL B. Elevated HDL level C. Elevated LDL level D. Triglyceride level 135 mg

C. Elevated LDL level

Which term indicates a measurement of heart contractility? A. Dromotropy B. Chronotropy C. Inotropy D. Derpotropy

C. Inotropy

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. The client begins vomiting blood. After the heparin has been stopped, which of the following medications should the nurse expect to give? A. Vitamin K B. Atropine C. Protamine D. Calcium gluconate

C. Protamine because it reverses the anticoagulant effects of warfarin

A patient has a new diagnosis of pernicious anemia. The nurse is expecting the client's provider to prescribe which of the following medications for this client? A. Ferrous sulfate B. Epoetin alfa C. Vitamin B12 D. Folic Acid

C. Vitamin B12

Which are risk factors for endocarditis? Cardiac Surgery Family history of developmental delays Dental procedures IV drug use Urogenital or central venous catetherization Systemic Lupus erythematosus

Cardiac Surgery Dental procedures IV drug use Urogenital or central venous catetherization Systemic Lupus erythematosus

What is the primary cause of heart failure? A. Diabetes B. Not trying hard enough C. Hypothyroidism D. Atherosclerosis

D. Atherosclerosis

A nurse is caring for a patient in hypovolemic shock. While waiting for a unit of blood to arrive, the nurse should administer which IV solution? A. 0.45% sodium chloride B. Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride C. Dextrose 10% in water D. 0.9% sodium chloride

D. 0.9% sodium chloride

A nurse is caring for a patient who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm and is scheduled for surgery. Their vital signs are BP 160/98, HR 102, RR 22/min, and Sp02 95%. Which next action is best? A. Take the client's vitals every 2 hours B. Monitor that their urinary output is 20 ml/hr C. Withhold pain meds to prepare for surgery D. Administer antihypertensive meds for BP

D. Administer antihypertensive meds for BP

A nurse is caring for a client following a stroke. Which action comes first? A. Obtain coagulation lab studies from the client B. Apply a sequential compression device to the client C. Request a referral for a speech-language pathologist D. Keep the client NPO

D. Keep the client NPO

A nurse is doing discharge teaching for a client with a new pacemaker. Which instructions should they include? A. Request a doctor script when traveling to alert the TSA B. Stand at least 3 feet away while using a microwave C. Avoid showering for 2 weeks after surgery D. Keep your cell phone 6 inches away from your pacemaker while making calls

D. Keep your cell phone 6 inches away from your pacemaker while making calls

A nurse is caring for a client who's prescribed isosorbide mononitrate for chronic stable angina and develops reflex tachycardia. Which should the nurse expect to give? A. Furosemide B. Captropril C. Ranolazine D. Metoprolol

D. Metoprolol This beta adrenergic blocker is used to treat hypertension and stable angina pectoris, and is often prescribed to decrease HR in clients who have tachycardia

The nurse is prepping a unit presentation about the basics of hematology. Which of the following factors stimulates the production of RBCs? A. Thrombocytopenia B. Venous stasis C. Inflammation D. Tissue hypoxia

D. Tissue hypoxia

Nurse Brenda is looking at a EKG monitor for a client with a heart arrhythmia. The patient has an HR of 300-400bpm with irregular, chaotic waveforms, and no clear P or QRS complexes. What arrhythmia does the patient have? A. Atrial fibrillation B. Sinus tachycardia C. Premature ventricular contraction D. Ventricular Fibrillation

D. Ventricular Fibrillation

A nurse is caring for a patient with pernicious anemia. Which is a factor in this condition? A. Iron deficiency B. Hemolytic blood loss C. Folic acid deficiency D. Vitamin B12 deficiency

D. Vitamin B12 deficiency

A nurse is teaching a client with angina pectoris and is learning how to treat acute anginal attacks. She asks "What's my next step if I take one tablet, wait 5 minutes, but still have pain?" A. Take two more SL tablets at the same time B. Call the emergency response team C. Take a sustained-release nitroglycerin capsule D. Wait another 5 minutes then take a second sublingual tablet

D. Wait another 5 minutes then take a second sublingual tablet

A nurse is teaching a client scheduled for coronary angiography. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? A. You should have nothing to eat or drink for four hours prior to the procedure B. You will be given general anesthesia during the procedure C. You shouldn't have this done if you're allergic to eggs D. You'll need to keep your affected leg straight following the procedure

D. You'll need to keep your affected leg straight following the procedure This will reduce risk of bleeding and hematoma

A patient who has been taking furosemide, which can cause the loss of potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Which are four symptoms of hypokalemia? Shallow respirations Tachycardia Muscle weakness Lethargy Hypertension Ectopic heartbeats

Shallow respirations Muscle weakness Lethargy Ectopic heartbeats

A wide pulse pressure (e.g. 50mmHg) is associated with which conditions?

Those that elevate stroke volume like anxiety, exercise, bradycardia Or those that cause vasodilation like fever or septic shock

A narrow pulse pressure (e.g., 15 mmHg) indicates what?

Vasoconstriction as a compensation for low stroke volume and ejection fraction such as in shock, heart failure, hypovolemia, mitral regurgitation