Nursing 101

The patient is going to be discharged with a prescription for an anticoagulant medication. Which question would the nurse ask? 1. "How many servings of leafy green vegetables would you normally eat in a week?" 2. "Do you drink at least 8 glasses of fluid every day?" 3. "What would you typically eat for breakfast every morning?" 4. "Are you having any problems with constipation or adequate fiber intake?"

1. "How many servings of leafy green vegetables would you normally eat in a week?"

A patient reports routinely taking high doses of vitamin supplements. Which vitamin has the greatest potential for toxic effects related to high dosage? 1. A 2. B1 (thiamine) 3. B2 (riboflavin) 4. C

1. A Vitamin A is a fat soluble

The patient needs to have a series of tests of the gastrointestinal system. Which test must be scheduled last? 1. Barium studies 2. Stool sample for ova and parasites 3. Colonoscopy 4. Flat plate of the abdomen

1. Barium studies (Bc it interferes with the other tests)

A patient had a partial gastrectomy. Because this surgery creates an increased risk for pernicious anemia, which teaching point is important to emphasize? 1. Blood serum vitamin B12 level should be measured every 1-2 years. 2. Hemoglobin and hematocrit should be measured every 1-2 months. 3. Injections of iron dextran are given because of intestinal ulceration. 4. Increase fresh fruits and vegetables and decrease intake of fat and red meat.

1. Blood serum vitamin B12 level should be measured every 1-2 years.

13. For an older female patient who is at risk for osteoporosis, which associated complication can be minimized by participating in a regular exercise program as prescribed by the health care provider (HCP)? 1. Bone loss that results in fractures 2. Immobility secondary to joint degeneration 3. Tissue ischemia and pressure injuries 4. Thrombophlebitis secondary to blood clots

1. Bone loss that results in fractures

The nurse routinely participates in long distance endurance sports, such as running, swimming, and cycling. Which foods would the nurse eat to have energy over a longer period of time? 1. Corn and potatoes 2. Milk and citrus fruits 3. Honey and table sugar 4. Chocolate and electrolyte drinks

1. Corn and potatoes (natural carbs last longer)

In caring for a patient with a tracheostomy, which interventions will the nurse use to reduce the risk for infection? Select all that apply. 1. Evaluate the patient for excess secretions and suction as often as necessary. 2. Provide constant airway humidification. 3. Provide frequent mouth care. 4. Assist the patient to perform hand hygiene. 5. Remove water that condenses in equipment tubing. 6. Change or clean all respiratory therapy equipment every 8 hours.

1. Evaluate the patient for excess secretions and suction as often as necessary. 2. Provide constant airway humidification. 3. Provide frequent mouth care. 5. Remove water that condenses in equipment tubing. 6. Change or clean all respiratory therapy equipment every 8 hours.

10. Which range-of-motion (ROM) exercises can be safely performed on the neck? Select all that apply. 1. Flexion 2. Supination 3. Lateral flexion 4. Rotation

1. Flexion 3. Lateral flexion 4. Rotation

According to research, removal or disease of the appendix could theoretically affect which function? 1. Immunologic response 2. Red blood cell production 3. Fluid and electrolyte balance 4. Vitamin B12 production

1. Immunologic response (Appendix houses immune cells & tissue)

The nurse is working in a local health department and has noted an unusually large number of phone calls about food-borne illness. Which question is the nurse most likely to ask callers to differentiate the possible involvement of the bioterrorist agent that causes botulism from other more common causes of food-borne illness? 1. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, have you had drooping eyelids or difficulty swallowing or speaking? 2. Have you experienced a low-grade fever, sweating, fatigue, and a nonproductive cough? 3. How soon after eating did the abdominal cramping, vomiting, and diarrhea start? 4. Have you had fever, malaise, and muscle aches with a rash on the tongue, mouth, throat, and palms?

1. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, have you had drooping eyelids or difficulty swallowing or speaking?

Which dietary alterations would be recommended to the patient experiencing poor wound healing? 1. Increase protein and vitamin C. 2. Increase fluid intake and avoid fructose. 3. Restrict intake of carbohydrate and concentrated sweets. 4. Increase calories and reduce sodium intake.

1. Increase protein and vitamin C.

What are the functions of saliva? Select all that apply. 1. Initiates carbohydrate metabolism 2. Initiates the synthesis of vitamin K 3. Protects the teeth from decay by destroying bacteria 4. Continued secretion of saliva cleanses the mouth 5. Protects the mucous membranes from infections 6. Keeps the mucous membranes of the mouth moist

1. Initiates carbohydrate metabolism 3. Protects the teeth from decay by destroying bacteria 4. Continued secretion of saliva cleanses the mouth 5. Protects the mucous membranes from infections 6. Keeps the mucous membranes of the mouth moist

What is considered an early sign of mechanical obstruction of the intestines? 1. Loud, frequent, high-pitched bowel sounds 2. Intermittent periods of decreased or absent bowel sounds 3. Decreased blood pressure with tachycardia 4. Abdominal distention and vomiting

1. Loud, frequent, high-pitched bowel sounds

A 69-year-old patient reports frequently taking antacids. Why does this patient have an increased risk for developing pernicious anemia? 1. Low stomach acidity blocks the absorption of vitamin B12 from foods. 2. Antacids interfere with the body's ability to use heme iron. 3. Older people who take antacids are less likely to produce intrinsic factor. 4. Antacids inhibit the digestion of foods that supply vitamin C.

1. Low stomach acidity blocks the absorption of vitamin B12 from foods.

A patient begins to have a grand mal seizure. What is the priority action? 1. Monitor the patency of the airway. 2. Protect against falls and other injuries. 3. Suction the mouth to prevent aspiration. 4. Gently insert an oral airway between the teeth.

1. Monitor the patency of the airway.

15. Which situation is the best example of proper ergonomic principles? 1. Nurse A raises the head of the bed, supports the patient's shoulders, and helps to swing the legs around and off the bed using a pivoting motion. 2. Nurse B rolls the patient onto his/her side. The nurse then stoops, and when standing, brings thepatient along with the nurse. 3. Nurse C gradually lowers the patient into the chair; the nurse bends his hips and knees as the patient leans slightly forward and sits down. 4. Nurse D assesses for equipment such as IV lines, urinary catheters, or tubes and positions them to avoid tension during the transfer.

1. Nurse A raises the head of the bed, supports the patient's shoulders, and helps to swing the legs around and off the bed using a pivoting motion.

21. What is an early sign of acute compartment syndrome? 1. Pain upon stretching 2. Numbness 3. Paralysis 4. Cold, pale skin

1. Pain upon stretching

Which points would be included in the patient teaching plan for the prevention of dental caries and plaque? Select all that apply. 1. See a dentist at least once a year. 2. Use supplemental or artificial saliva. 3. Brush and floss at least twice a day. 4. Eat low-carbohydrate foods. 5. Remove plaque with a soft brush. 6. Drink fluoridated water.

1. See a dentist at least once a year. 3. Brush and floss at least twice a day. 4. Eat low-carbohydrate foods. 6. Drink fluoridated water.

The nurse is working with a patient who requires an increase in complete proteins in the diet. Which foods will the nurse recommend? Select all that apply. 1. Soy 2. Eggs 3. Peanuts 4. Beans 5. Fish 6. Yogurt

1. Soy 2. Eggs 5. Fish 6. Yogurt

Which instructions would the nurse give to the patient who has been prescribed an iron supplement? Select all that apply. 1. Take the iron with orange juice. 2. Drink a glass of milk after the iron supplement if needed to settle the stomach. 3. Keep the iron supplement in a high cabinet out of reach of children. 4. Take fiber supplement and iron together to avoid constipation. 5. Chew calcium antacid tablet after iron to avoid feelings of reflux. 6. Limit iron in the diet while taking iron supplement.

1. Take the iron with orange juice. 3. Keep the iron supplement in a high cabinet out of reach of children.

The patient had capsule endoscopy. Which discharge instruction would the nurse give to the patient? 1. The capsule will pass with bowel movements in 2-3 days; no need to retrieve. 2. Use gloves and examine stool for several days to retrieve pill camera device. 3. Use a mild laxative and increase liquids to facilitate expulsion of pill camera. 4. Small amounts of light red blood and thick mucus in the stool are expected.

1. The capsule will pass with bowel movements in 2-3 days; no need to retrieve.

Which patient is the most likely candidate for an endotracheal tube? *emergency situation* 1. The patient is discovered in the bathroom, unresponsive and pulseless. 2. The patient is choking on a foreign body that cannot be dislodged. 3. The patient needs long-term mechanical ventilation for oxygenation. 4. The patient needs precise, controlled concentration of oxygen.

1. The patient is discovered in the bathroom, unresponsive and pulseless.

Which patients have conditions that would prompt the nurse to monitor serum sodium levels? Select all that apply. 1. The patient is having a prolonged high fever. 2. The patient has severe diarrhea and vomiting. 3. The patient has iron deficiency anemia. 4. The patient has chronic kidney disease. 5. The patient has cystic fibrosis.

1. The patient is having a prolonged high fever. 2. The patient has severe diarrhea and vomiting. 4. The patient has chronic kidney disease. 5. The patient has cystic fibrosis.

The patient who had surgery for a peptic ulcer several weeks ago reports experiencing an episode of diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, explosive diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Which question is most relevant to the symptoms and the surgical history? 1. "Can you describe the pain? Where was it and how long did it last?" 2. "Did you eat before the symptoms? And if so, what did you eat?" 3. "Have you been taking your medications according to instructions?" 4. "Did you ever experience these symptoms before the surgery?"

2. "Did you eat before the symptoms? And if so, what did you eat?"

The mother asks the nurse about giving strained fruits to her infant. When would this food be introduced? 1. 2 months 2. 5 months 3. 8 months 4. 12 months

2. 5 months

Which laboratory value would the nurse check to evaluate the protein status of a patient who has been receiving medical nutrition therapy? 1. Hemoglobin 2. Albumin 3. White blood cell count 4. Electrolyte values

2. Albumin

Which occurrence is most likely to be investigated as a "sentinel event"? 1. Patient leaves the hospital against medical advice because she gets angry with the nurse. 2. An older patient sustains a broken arm related to the use of an SRD. 3. A nurse is 2 hours late administering routine scheduled medications. 4. During a follow-up phone call, a patient reports that care in the hospital was poor.

2. An older patient sustains a broken arm related to the use of an SRD.

The patient reports dizziness when standing up too fast. Which over-the-counter medication is most likely to be contributing to the patient's orthostatic hypotension? 1. Nonaspirin pain reliever 2. Antihistamine 3. Vitamin supplement 4. Medicated cough drop

2. Antihistamine

The patient is admitted for acute diverticulitis. The nurse would intervene if a nursing student performed which action? 1. Advises to avoid heavy lifting 2. Assists with a meal tray 3. Assesses bowel sounds 4. Checks the white blood cell count

2. Assists with a meal tray (Pt. is NPO)

The patient reports noticing that his gums bleed very easily. If the bleeding is caused by a nutritional deficiency, which types of food will correct the problem? *Vitamin C* 1. Milk, egg yolks, and liver 2. Broccoli, peppers, and tomatoes 3. Cereals, legumes, and nuts 4. Poultry, fish, and brown rice

2. Broccoli, peppers, and tomatoes

A patient is interested in adding antioxidants to the diet. What is the best advice? 1. Take vitamin supplements, especially A, C, and E. 2. Eat a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. 3. Eat dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, and milk. 4. Take a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement.

2. Eat a wide variety of fruits and vegetables.

Which patient is most likely to benefit from an increase in dietary fiber? 1. Has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2. Has a high risk for metabolic syndrome 3. Has a high risk for osteoporosis 4. Has a recent diagnosis of hepatitis

2. Has a high risk for metabolic syndrome

The risk for cancer of the stomach is associated with which factors? Select all that apply. 1. Hyperkalemia 2. Hypochlorhydria: < stomach acid 3. Chronic atrophic gastritis 4. Diet high in smoked and preserved foods 5. Gastric ulcers 6. Diet low in fresh fruits and whole grains

2. Hypochlorhydria 3. Chronic atrophic gastritis 4. Diet high in smoked and preserved foods 5. Gastric ulcers 6. Diet low in fresh fruits and whole grains

What are the common causes of fecal incontinence? Select all that apply. 1. Normal changes of aging 2. Injury during anal intercourse 3. Surgical trauma to anal sphincter 4. Injury during childbirth 5. Spinal cord lesions 6. Voluntary inhibition of defecation

2. Injury during anal intercourse 3. Surgical trauma to anal sphincter 4. Injury during childbirth 5. Spinal cord lesions

Which patient is the best candidate for a bowel training program that will incorporate biofeedback? 1. Patient has structural damage to the rectum secondary to a fistula. 2. Patient has a motility disorder but is alert and motivated. 3. Patient is ambulatory but has mild dementia and forgetfulness. 4. Patient is passing liquid stool secondary to a fecal impaction.

2. Patient has a motility disorder but is alert and motivated.

Which patient is most likely to develop problems with blood coagulation? 1. Patient has a colostomy. 2. Patient has liver failure. 3. Patient has peptic ulcer disease. 4. Patient had gallbladder removed.

2. Patient has liver failure.

11. Which patient has a contracture? 1. Patient has abnormal extension of a finger joint. 2. Patient's wrist is abnormally flexed and joint is fixed. 3. Patient's knee is hyperextended. 4. Patient has abnormal lateral movements of ankle joint.

2. Patient's wrist is abnormally flexed and joint is fixed.

Which newly obtained piece of equipment creates the greatest risk for falls for an older adult? 1. Gait belt 2. Prescription lenses 3. Safety bar in shower 4. Walker

2. Prescription lenses

When assessing the neurovascular status of a patient, what is an expected finding? 1. Capillary refill after 8 seconds 2. Pulses strong and easily palpated 3. Loss of sensation to an affected area 4. Mild localized discomfort

2. Pulses strong and easily palpated

Which sign/symptom would be investigated as an early warning of colorectal cancer? 1. Abdominal distention 2. Rectal bleeding 3. Nausea 4. Weight loss

2. Rectal bleeding

The nurse is giving instructions to the UAP about patient safety and fall prevention. What would the nurse tell the UAP about helping the older adult patient to go to the bathroom? 1. "Help the patient whenever she needs help." 2. "Ask her if she wants to walk or use the bedpan." 3. "Have her put on her glasses before getting up." 4. "Help her to the commode chair if she seems weak."

3. "Have her put on her glasses before getting up."

The mother reports that her child took a few extra chewable vitamins, because he thought they were gummy candies. Which question is the most important to assess for potential toxicity? *iron poisoning* 1. "Does the product contain vitamin C?" 2. "How much does the child weigh?" 3. "Is iron listed as one of the ingredients?" 4. "Did you induce vomiting?"

3. "Is iron listed as one of the ingredients?"

An obese male truck driver reports intense rectal itching. The HCP diagnoses hemorrhoids. Which nonsurgical approach would the nurse suggest to help the patient manage the condition? 1. Suggest a low-fiber diet. 2. Advise the use of a hydrocortisone cream. 3. Increase fluid intake. 4. Recommend rubber-band ligation.

3. Increase fluid intake. (Make sure they are pooping)

The patient is admitted for hemorrhagic colitis caused by the E. coli pathogen. Which order would the nurse question? 1. Encourage oral fluids as tolerated. 2. Dextrose 5% in normal saline at 150 mL/ hour. 3. Loperamide 2 mg after unformed stool. 4. Initiate contact isolation.

3. Loperamide 2 mg after unformed stool. (NO ANTIDIARRHEALS- flush bacteria out)

The nurse must be vigilant for signs of hypoxia in an older patient who has dementia and also has risk for decreased oxygenation because of chronic respiratory disease and immobility. What is an early sign that warrants additional assessment of respiratory status? 1. Lips are cyanotic, fingers are cool, and capillary refill is sluggish. 2. Respirations are slow and shallow. 3. Patient seems restless and anxiously picks at linens. 4. Pulse is slower than normal and is thready and weak.

3. Patient seems restless and anxiously picks at linens.

An infant has a wound with a dressing on the left upper arm. He repeatedly attempts to remove the dressing. Which SRD would the nurse select? 1. Mummy wrap 2. Wrap jacket 3. Bilateral wrist SRDs 4. Right elbow SRD

4. Right elbow SRD

The nurse is caring for a patient who was admitted for peptic ulcer disease. Which abnormal finding is the greatest concern? 1. Fecal assay antigen test is positive for H. pylori. 2. Stool for occult blood is positive. 3. White blood cell count is elevated. 4. Pain is present during the hydrochloric acid test.

3. White blood cell count is elevated. (Risk for lethal infection)

The patient is practicing a bowel training program. Which food will the nurse encourage the patient to eat? 1. Lean chicken meat 2. Low-fat milk 3. Whole-grain cereal 4. Red meat

3. Whole-grain cereal

Which instructions would be given to the UAP who is assigned to assist in the care of a patient who is being treated with internal radiation? 1. "Do not go into the room unless the patient uses the call bell." 2. "Help children to don a lead shield apron before entering the room." 3. "Wear a mask, eye shield, and isolation gown when entering the room." 4. "Wear your personal dosimeter during care or when handling patient items."

4. "Wear your personal dosimeter during care or when handling patient items."

According to the National Institute of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements, which patient would be advised to have an additional 35 mg/day of vitamin C beyond the usual recommended adult dose? 1. A patient who was recently diagnosed with cancer. 2. A patient who has recent onset of cold symptoms. 3. A patient who drinks alcohol daily. 4. A patient who smokes cigarettes every day.

4. A patient who smokes cigarettes every day.

Which patient is at risk for pernicious anemia and is most likely to be prescribed a vitamin B12 supplement? *VB found in animal origin* 1. Frequently tries different weight-loss plans 2. Eats small amounts of a variety of foods 3. Prefers meat and potatoes, with very few vegetables 4. Adheres to a strict vegan diet

4. Adheres to a strict vegan diet

What is the best way for the nurse to assess for proper nasogastric tube placement prior to administering a tube feeding? 1. Observe the patient's comfort while in sitting position. 2. Auscultate for a gurgling sound over the epigastric region after pushing air through the nasogastric tube. 3. Give a test dose of a small amount of water and observe the patient's reaction. 4. Aspirate gastric fluid and check pH.

4. Aspirate gastric fluid and check pH.

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and sees that the PaO2 level for a 75-year-old patient is 80 mm Hg. What would the nurse do first? 1. Notify the health care provider (HCP) about the unusually low level. 2. Contact the clinical laboratory to verify the low result. 3. Check the previous laboratory values for comparison. 4. Assess patient for signs/symptoms of respiratory distress.

4. Assess patient for signs/symptoms of respiratory distress.

The patient expresses a strong preference for beef that is marbled with fat at every meal, because of the flavor and the feeling of fullness and satisfaction. Nurse would advise that this eating habit is likely to increase risk for which health condition? 1. Osteoporosis 2. Cirrhosis of the liver 3. Diabetes mellitus 4. Atherosclerosis: the build up of fats & cholesterol in the artery wall

4. Atherosclerosis

The large intestine is the site of bacterial action that produces vitamin K (normal blood clotting). Potentially, loss of the large colon or disruption of this bacterial action could disrupt which body function? 1. Color vision 2. Bone formation 3. Intestinal absorption 4. Blood clotting

4. Blood clotting

For a patient who is receiving oxygen through an oxymizer, which intervention is the most important? 1. Clean and dry the skin every 2 hours. 2. Observe for fine mist or bubbling in humidifier. 3. Allow the patient to fit or adjust the device in the nares. 4. Check the reservoirs to ensure that they do not deflate.

4. Check the reservoirs to ensure that they do not deflate.

The patient is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In talking to the patient about diet management, what would the nurse suggest? 1. Suggest the patient follow a standardized preprinted menu for each meal. 2. Indicate that two or more servings of fried fish would be beneficial. 3. Closely monitor and control intake of table sugar and desserts. 4. Emphasize consistent mealtimes; approximately every 4-5 hours.

4. Emphasize consistent mealtimes; approximately every 4-5 hours.

The patient requires suctioning of pulmonary secretions. Which problem statement is the most accurate for this patient's condition? 1. Potential for fluid volume excess 2. Inability to maintain breathing pattern 3. Potential for inadequate tissue perfusion 4. Inability to clear airway

4. Inability to clear airway

Which part of the gastrointestinal system is responsible for the formation and expulsion of feces? 1. Rectum 2. Duodenum 3. Small intestine 4. Large intestine

4. Large intestine

The patient is interested in lowering his cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Which breakfast tray offers the most water-soluble fiber to help the patient meet his goals? *Fruits, oats, barley, legumes* 1. Half a grapefruit with hard-boiled egg 2. Hash-browned potatoes with sausage patty 3. Yogurt with honey, granola, and fresh strawberries 4. Oatmeal topped with cinnamon and raw apple slices

4. Oatmeal topped with cinnamon and raw apple slices

The nurse is talking to a patient who has high cholesterol and a family history of cardiovascular disease. Which foods are most likely to counteract the high cholesterol? 1. Wheat bran and celery 2. Orange juice and white rice 3. Lettuce and pears 4. Oats and barley

4. Oats and barley (Good for cholesterol) + avocadoes

The patient is taking a diuretic medication every day. Which electrolyte value is the most important to monitor? 1. Chloride 2. Sodium 3. Phosphorus 4. Potassium

4. Potassium (decreased - life threatening issues w/HR)

The patient has risk for osteoporosis. Which foods is the nurse most likely to suggest? 1. Eggs, raw fruits and vegetables 2. Whole-grain breads and pasta, and poultry 3. Green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits 4. Sardines, tofu, cheese, and broccoli

4. Sardines, tofu, cheese, and broccoli

The nurse is assisting a patient who is newly diagnosed with celiac disease. Which lunch tray would be the best choice? 1. Whole-grain pasta with marinara and a green salad 2. Chicken breast sandwich on rye bread and an apple 3. Chicken noodle soup and crackers with fruit salad 4. Stir-fry vegetables with rice and orange slices

4. Stir-fry vegetables with rice and orange slices (NO GLUTEN, wheat, barely, rye, rice)

Patients with nasogastric (NG) tubes may develop otitis media (ear infection). What will the nurse do to prevent this occurrence? 1. Increase fluid intake. 2. Remove and reinsert the tube every 24 hours. 3. Suction the nose and mouth. 4. Turn the patient side to side every 2 hours.

4. Turn the patient side to side every 2 hours.

For each vitamin, identify a food source, its function in the body, and signs and symptoms of deficiency and toxicity (if applicable). a. Vitamin A: b. Vitamin D: c. Vitamin K:

A: Egg yolks, liver, milk, carrots, winter squash, sweet potatoes, spinach, collards, kale, broccoli, apricots, cantaloupe. Function: Vision, epithelial tissue integrity, growth, reproduction, embryonic development, immune function. Symptoms of deficiency: Night blindness, xerophthalmia, increased infections, follicular hyperkeratosis. Symptoms of toxicity: Fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, liver abnormalities, bone and skin changes. B: Fortified milk, fortified margarine, egg yolks, liver, fish. Function: Maintain blood calcium and phosphorus balance. Symptoms of deficiency: Rickets (children)— abnormal shape and structure of bones. Symptoms of toxicity: Calcification of soft tissues. C: Green leafy vegetables, milk, dairy products, liver, meat, egg yolks, green tea (synthesis by intestinal bacteria). Function: Formation of blood clotting factors. Symptoms of deficiency: Increased prothrombin time; in severe cases, hemorrhaging. Symptoms of toxicity: None exhibited.

For each mineral, identify a food source, its function in the body, and signs and symptoms of deficiency and toxicity (if applicable). a. Calcium: b. Potassium: c. Sodium:

A: Milk, cheese, milk products, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, legumes, fish with bones, fortified cereals. Function: Formation and maintenance of bones and teeth, blood clotting, nerve conduction, muscle contraction. Symptoms of deficiency: Osteoporosis (adults)— weak, more porous bones. Stunted growth in children. Symptoms of toxicity: Constipation, increased risk in males for urinary stone formation, reduced absorption of iron and zinc. B: Sweet potatoes, fruits, vegetables, fresh meat, legumes, milk. Function: Nerve conduction; muscle contraction, including the heart; fluid and acid-base balance. Symptoms of deficiency: Severe: cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, glucose intolerance. Moderate: increased blood pressure, risk of kidney stones, increased bone loss. Symptoms of toxicity: Cardiac arrest. C: Salt, processed foods, small amounts in whole unprocessed foods. Function: Fluid and acid-base balance, nerve conduction, muscle contraction. Symptoms of deficiency: Cramps, mental confusion, apathy, appetite loss (usually secondary to diarrhea or disease). Symptoms of toxicity: Hypertension in susceptible individuals, increased calcium excretion.

Cessation of breathing

Apnea

A nasal _____________ is a device consisting of small tubes inserted into the nares

Cannula

CDC:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

A(n) ___________ tube is inserted through the patient's mouth and into the upper airway to provide a patent airway

Endotracheal

A device used to set the prescribed rate of oxygen

Flowmeter

A(n) _____________ can deliver 6 to 15 L/min = 70% to 100% O2

Nonrebreather

OSHA:

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

When a(n) _____________ rebreathing mask functions properly, the reservoir fills on exhalation and almost collapses on inhalation

Partial

Openness

Patency

PASS:

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

RACE:

Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish/Evacuate

SRD:

Safety Reminder Device

An artificial opening made by a surgical incision into the trachea

Tracheostomy

A(n) _____________ mask offers a precise, con trolled concentration of oxygen

Venturi

Identify the six classes of nutrients and their general function.

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. They function in the body to provide energy, build and repair tissue, and regulate body processes.

Reduced oxygen content in tissue and cells

hypoxia