Nursing 165- Test 3

Taking a pediatric patient to the playroom on a promised time and day is based on the belief in the ethical principle of a. autonomy. b. fidelity. c. justice. d. veracity.

B. Fidelity

A nurse practitioner caring for a diabetic patient thinks the patient could gain better control of the diabetes if the patient lost weight. After assessing the patients perception of weight loss, role, stresses, and support systems, the nurse and patient establish the goal of losing 5 pounds in a month. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

B. King

Which contemporary theorist is best known for her emphasis on the caring aspect of nursing? a. Orem b. Watson c. Henderson d. King

B. Watson

Respecting an elderly womans decision to stay in her own home is based on a belief in the ethical principle of a. justice. b. autonomy. c. nonmaleficence. d. death with dignity.

B. autonomy

When nurses receive a patient assignment and accept reports on these patients, they are committed to providing care to those assigned to them. This is based on the ethical principle of a. beneficence. b. fidelity. c. justice. d. veracity.

B. fidelity

The current emphasis on eliminating racially based health disparities is based on which of the following ethical principles? a. Double effect b. Fidelity c. Justice d. Veracity

C. Justice

Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on interacting systems, including nurse and patient in goal setting and goal attainment? a. Watson b. Roy c. King d. Orem

C. King

The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient who is unable to feed himself and complete basic activities of daily living. The nurse does catheter care and changes the surgical dressing, as well as assisting with feeding and hygiene. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

C. Orem

A nurse is turning a bedfast patient to prevent pressure ulcers. The patient complains that the process is painful. The nurse explains the reason for the turning schedule and completes the task. This is an example of the ethical principle of a. autonomy. b. fidelity. c. nonmaleficence. d. veracity.

C. nonmaleficence

Which of the following nursing responsibilities can never be delegated? a. Complex tasks b. Evaluation c. Medication administration d. Accountability

D. Accountability

Which of the following is an example of civil law? a. Possession of marijuana b. Assault and battery c. Giving alcohol to a minor d. Child custody case

D. Child custody case

A patient who is terminally ill is experiencing great pain. To relieve the patients suffering, the nurse needs to administer larger doses of morphine. This relieves the pain but also inhibits respiration. Which principle justifies the risk of harm? a. Justice b. Fidelity c. Veracity d. Double effect

D. Double effect

A patient had a significant blood loss in surgery and now has a low hemoglobin level. The patient complains of fatigue. The nurse intervenes to facilitate adaptation by establishing periods of rest and scheduling activities throughout the day. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

D. Roy

The nurse teaches the patient how to administer insulin. Before this the nurse and patient had developed a trusting relationship over several days, which included sharing feelings about having to take daily medication. The patient expressed confidence in the care provided by the nurse. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

D. Watson

A father of four is admitted after an automobile accident in which two of the children were killed. Recognizing that he is in very serious condition, the nurse believes that it would be appropriate to avoid telling him about the death of his children unless he asks directly. This could be considered a violation of the ethical principle of a. beneficence. b. fidelity. c. justice. d. veracity.

D. veracity

Answering a terminally ill childs questions about his or her condition honestly is based on a belief in the ethical principle of a. autonomy. b. fidelity. c. justice. d. veracity.

D. veracity

The nurse receives reports on the following patients at the beginning of the shift. Which of the following care activities could be delegated to a nursing assistant? (Select all that apply.) a. Ambulating a patient who had an emergency appendectomy 8 hours ago, has stable vital signs, and needs to ambulate for the second time b. Assisting a patient who was in an automobile accident and whose right arm and leg are in traction with bathing c. Feeding a patient recovering from a stroke resulting in difficulty holding a spoon d. Taking vital signs, including blood pressure, for a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes and a history of hypertension e. Measuring a bed-bound patients pressure ulcer and assessing the patients risk for skin breakdown when turning the patient

a. Ambulating a patient who had an emergency appendectomy 8 hours ago, has stable vital signs, and needs to ambulate for the second time b. Assisting a patient who was in an automobile accident and whose right arm and leg are in traction with bathing c. Feeding a patient recovering from a stroke resulting in difficulty holding a spoon d. Taking vital signs, including blood pressure, for a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes and a history of hypertension

The central question in any charge of malpractice is whether the prevailing standard of care was met. Which of the following are considered part of the standard of nursing care? (Select all that apply.) a. Basic prudent nursing care is a standard. b. Health care providers determine standards of care in health care settings. c. Standards of care are never changing. d. Standards are based on the ethical principle of nonmaleficence. e. National standards of nursing practice are standards for all nurses.

a. Basic prudent nursing care is a standard. d. Standards are based on the ethical principle of nonmaleficence. e. National standards of nursing practice are standards for all nurses.

The quality of nursing care is judged by whether nursing actions meet the standard of care. Which of the following is an example of meeting the standard of care? a. Demonstrating the use of the nursing process when charting b. Following actions consistent with local practice c. Monitoring a patient more closely if the equipment has occasionally malfunctioned d. Bypassing medication checks to save time once the nurse is experienced

a. Demonstrating the use of the nursing process when charting

Which of the following ethical theories is illustrated by the example of following the Golden Rule, Do unto others as you wish them to do unto you? a. Deontology b. Principalism c. Utilitarianism d. Virtue ethics

a. Deontology

The American Nurses Association (ANA) published a guide for state nurses associations seeking to revise their nurse practice acts. According the ANA, which of the following should be included in these revisions? (Select all that apply.) a. Differentiation between advanced and generalist nursing practice b. Authority for boards of nursing to oversee UAP c. Specified frequency of revisions to the nurse practice acts d. Authority for boards of nursing to regulate prescription writing by advanced practice nurses e. Nurses responsibility for delegating to LPN/LVNs

a. Differentiation between advanced and generalist nursing practice b. Authority for boards of nursing to oversee UAP d. Authority for boards of nursing to regulate prescription writing by advanced practice nurses e. Nurses responsibility for delegating to LPN/LVNs

The metaparadigm of nursing consists of which concepts? (Select all that apply.) a. Environment b. Health c. Caring d. Nursing e. Person

a. Environment b. Health d. Nursing e. Person

The nurse is caring for a young Hispanic patient after surgery. The patient hesitates when the nurse asks about meal selections from the menu. When the parents return, the nurse asks them what foods are eaten when one is ill. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger. b. Neuman. c. Orlando. d. Peplau.

a. Leininger.

Leiningers theory uses the sunrise model. What is the major premise of Leiningers theory? a. Nursing care should be culturally congruent. b. Nursing care is based on personal, interpersonal, and social systems. c. Nursing care is a deliberate action based on observation. d. Nursing care is only possible after scientific evaluation

a. Nursing care should be culturally congruent.

According to Kohlbergs theory, which of the following is true of moral development? a. Participating in decision making promotes moral reasoning. b. Intellectual development has no effect on moral development. c. Participating in debates on ethical issues decreases moral development. d. Holding people responsible for their actions does not improve moral development.

a. Participating in decision making promotes moral reasoning.

According to Kohlbergs theory of moral development, adolescents who shoplift are operating in which level of moral development? a. Preconventional b. Conventional c. Postconventional d. DevelopmentalAccording to Kohlbergs theory of moral development, adolescents who shoplift are operating in which level of moral development? a. Preconventional b. Conventional c. Postconventional d. Developmental

a. Preconventional

Which of the following actions is acceptable as an exception to a nurses obligation regarding confidentiality? a. Reporting certain diseases to public health authority b. Discussing a patients care with someone who does not know the patient c. Leaving printouts of lab reports on the desk in the physicians lounge as a convenience d. Discussing a patients condition in a public place as long as the patients name is not mentioned

a. Reporting certain diseases to public health authority

Which of the following are included in Hendersons 14 basic needs of patients? (Select all that apply.) a. The need to eliminate body wastes b. The need for interdependence c. The need to communicate d. The need for self-concept e. The need for work and sense of accomplishment

a. The need to eliminate body wastes c. The need to communicate e. The need for work and sense of accomplishment

For a nursing malpractice action, essential characteristics of negligence must be present. Which of the following constitute these essential characteristics? (Select all that apply.) a. The nurse assumed the responsibility for the patients care. b. The nurse is found to have failed to meet the standard of care. c. The harm to the patient must be shown to have been caused by the failure to meet the standard of care. d. Harm to an individual has occurred. e. The nurses action involves acts of commission

a. The nurse assumed the responsibility for the patients care. b. The nurse is found to have failed to meet the standard of care. c. The harm to the patient must be shown to have been caused by the failure to meet the standard of care. d. Harm to an individual has occurred.

Watsons 10 caritas processes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning b. The participation in recreation c. The instillation of faith-hope d. Avoidance of injuring others e. Assistance with the gratification of human needs

a. The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning c. The instillation of faith-hope e. Assistance with the gratification of human needs

The nurse practice act of a state defines the scope and responsibilities of nursing practice in that state. Which of the following is true regarding nurse practice acts? a. They determine the educational requirements for licensure. b. They describe the process for gaining membership to a professional organization. c. They regulate how many professional nursing organizations may be formed. d. They define the practice of medicine in relation to nursing.

a. They determine the educational requirements for licensure.

A patient who had a broken neck in an automobile accident and was paralyzed, but eventually went back to college, obtained a law degree, and became a practicing lawyer could be said to be demonstrating a. adaptation. b. caring. c. self-care. d. homeostasis.

a. adaptation.

A specific organizational structure that makes clear connections between concepts is a a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory.

a. conceptual model.

A child is tested for genetic abnormalities. After the test results are delivered from the laboratory, a representative of the parents medical insurance company calls the nurses station and asks for the results of the tests. The nurses best response to this request is to a. refuse to give the information. b. tell the representative the status of the tests is unknown. c. give the results as reported because the insurance company is paying for the tests. d. tell the representative that the test results will need to be obtained from the physician who ordered them.

a. refuse to give the information.

Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term theory? a. A set of beliefs about the nature of how things work and how the world should be viewed b. A group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe or predict outcomes c. An organizational structure that outlines concrete connections between concepts d. Statements that describe linkages between concepts and propose a testable outcome

b. A group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe or predict outcomes

A nurse has been introduced to theory as a guide to research and practice. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education? a. Associate degree b. Bachelors degree c. Masters degree d. Doctoral degree

b. Bachelors degree

According to Kohlbergs theory of moral development, individuals who act because it is the rule of society are operating in which level of moral development? a. Preconventional b. Conventional c. Postconventional d. Developmental

b. Conventional

Which of the following are activities in the ethical decision making process? (Select all that apply.) a. Avoid looking at legal cases or precedents related to the situation. b. Determine if the people who are affected by the dilemma have value conflicts. c. Brainstorm with others involved to identify all possible solutions. d. Evaluate the action taken to determine whether it accomplished its purpose. e. Discuss only acceptable solutions that are practical to implement.

b. Determine if the people who are affected by the dilemma have value conflicts. c. Brainstorm with others involved to identify all possible solutions. d. Evaluate the action taken to determine whether it accomplished its purpose.

What is the primary function of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)? a. Overseeing decisions made by state boards of nursing b. Developing the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN licensing examinations c. Administering the NCLEX examination at testing centers d. Overseeing granting licensure by endorsement

b. Developing the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN licensing examinations

Which contemporary nursing theorist is best known for her definition of nursing that describes the nurses role as a substitute for the patient and as a helper and partner to the patient? a. Orem b. Henderson c. Watson d. King

b. Henderson

A nurse is involved in an ethically challenging case. To use an ethical decision-making model, which step should the nurse perform first? a. Gather and examine all possible solutions. b. Identify the ethical dilemma in the case. c. Identify all parties who will be impacted by the decision. d. Gather all information important to the situation

b. Identify the ethical dilemma in the case.

The nurse adjusts the patients room to allow the patient to see the sunlight out the window and checks the patients diet tray to ensure a balanced diet. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

b. Nightingale.

Which of the following chart entries represents a pitfall in documentation? a. Restless and combative; SaO2 87% b. Patient demanding and difficult to please c. Discovered in bathroom; instructed to ask for assistance before ambulating d. Three-centimeter area of serosanguineous drainage noted on the dressing to the left hip

b. Patient demanding and difficult to please

In which of the following situations should the legality of an informed consent be questioned? a. Patient with dementia; consent given by spouse b. Patient who received a preoperative dose of Demerol before giving consent c. Patient who is anxious and asks many questions of the physician d. Patient who expresses concern about the cost of the procedure

b. Patient who received a preoperative dose of Demerol before giving consent

The nurse has established a relationship with a patient in whom asthma was recently diagnosed. Through their interactions, the nurse helps the patient understand the mechanism of asthma and develop the skills to use a spacer with the inhaler. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger. b. Peplau. c. Orlando. d. Neuman.

b. Peplau.

The RN delegates changing a sterile dressing over a central line to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN). The LPN/LVN contaminated the site during the dressing change, and an infection developed in the patient. Which of the following statements is true? a. The LPN/LVN is guilty of malpractice. b. The RN is ultimately responsible for acts he or she delegates. c. The hospital cannot be held responsible for the acts of its employees. d. A malpractice suit cannot be brought as no harm came to the patient.

b. The RN is ultimately responsible for acts he or she delegates.

What are the reasons nursing theory is important to the profession? (Select all that apply.) a. Nursing theory is used to guide research but not practice. b. The goal of nursing theory is to support excellence in practice. c. Nursing as a profession becomes stronger when nursing knowledge is built on sound theory. d. Theory is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision making. e. Nursing theory is used by other disciplines.

b. The goal of nursing theory is to support excellence in practice. c. Nursing as a profession becomes stronger when nursing knowledge is built on sound theory. d. Theory is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision making.

An overriding principle of Nightingales writings on nursing dealt with which aspect of nursing? a. The relationship between nurses, physicians, and society b. The relationship between patients, health, and environment c. The relationship between illness and health practices d. The relationship between hospitals, nurses, and patients

b. The relationship between patients, health, and environment

The Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991, as implemented today, is known as providing a. informed consent. b. advance directives. c. patient bill of rights. d. HIPAA protections.

b. advance directives.

Respecting the right of a patient with terminal cancer to refuse chemotherapy is based on a belief in the ethical principle of a. justice. b. autonomy. c. nonmaleficence. d. death with dignity.

b. autonomy.

Which of the following is the best description of a code of ethics? a. A document that describes the correct course of action and does not change regardless of societal changes b. A document that all professions must have even if not representative of practice c. A document that permits others to know what principles guide professional decision making d. A document widely open to interpretation by professionals in various settings

c. A document that permits others to know what principles guide professional decision making

Which of the following is an important step in preventing legal action against the nurse? a. Never make a mistake. b. Deflect blame from yourself as much as possible. c. Develop caring, therapeutic relationships with patients. d. Avoid explaining care procedures to patients.

c. Develop caring, therapeutic relationships with patients.

Which of the following is a legitimate defense to a charge of assault and battery? a. Presence of a medical order b. Knowledge of what is best for the patient c. Informed consent d. Living will

c. Informed consent

A nursing student got a thank-you card from a patients family and had another student take a photo of the student with the family. The student asks the nursing instructor if it would be alright to post the photo on Facebook. Which response by the instructor is best? a. Yes, as long as you ask the family if that would be OK. b. I think that would be OK, but you should check hospital policy. c. No, posting pictures of patients and families on social media sites is not acceptable. d. No, that could lead to a malpractice suit by the patient or family.

c. No, posting pictures of patients and families on social media sites is not acceptable.

Which of the following puts the nurse at increased risk for legal action? a. Delegating a Foley catheter insertion to a LPN/LVN b. Documenting the exact words a patient uses when complaining. c. Not assessing a patient who is complaining of pain d. Caring for a postoperative patient who has a pulmonary embolus while being transferred to the chair

c. Not assessing a patient who is complaining of pain

Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on inferences based on observation of patient behavior, confirmation by the patient, and results in effective care based on identified patient needs? a. Leininger b. Neuman c. Orlando d. Peplau

c. Orlando

Which patient rights are guaranteed by HIPAA? a. Patients are asked to sign a release of responsibility if their health care records inadvertently become a matter of public record. b. Patients sign a release protecting the health care provider and insurance company against computer file theft. c. Patients are protected against medical records being indiscriminately shared. d. Patients may receive a complete copy of their medical records at no cost.

c. Patients are protected against medical records being indiscriminately shared.

Which of the following actions by the nurse constitutes professional malpractice? a. Administering a preoperative sedative in the patient holding area instead of in the patients room b. Failing to notify the physician of a potassium level of 4 mEq/L c. Placing the head of the bed flat when a patient is receiving a tube feeding, causing the patient to aspirate the mixture d. Administering a routine medication 10 minutes late because of a unit emergency

c. Placing the head of the bed flat when a patient is receiving a tube feeding, causing the patient to aspirate the mixture

Flight 93, hijacked on September 11, 2001, crashed into the Pennsylvania countryside because some of the passengers decided to try to take control of the plane and prevent it from being used as a weapon of mass destruction against structures in Washington, D.C. They decided to act despite grave danger to themselves. This is an example of which level of Kohlbergs theory of moral development? a. Preconventional b. Conventional c. Postconventional d. Conventional phase 4

c. Postconventional

The RN asked a nursing assistant to monitor several postoperative patients. Which of the following instructions to the nursing assistant demonstrate appropriate delegation? a. Take vital signs every 2 hours, and report to me anything outside of the norms. b. Assess pain using a 10-point scale, and record the score on the chart. c. Record the urine output, and report to me if they have not voided within 4 hours. d. Record the amount of drainage on the dressing on the bedside record.

c. Record the urine output, and report to me if they have not voided within 4 hours.

Which of the following is a nursing responsibility regarding informed consent? a. Canceling the procedure if the patient has questions b. Explaining the procedure, risks, and treatment alternatives c. Serving as a witness, ensuring that the patient does not feel coerced into a decision d. Ensuring that the physician has completely explained the costs of the procedure

c. Serving as a witness, ensuring that the patient does not feel coerced into a decision

Peplaus theory focuses on the therapeutic relationship as the key to successful nursing intervention. Which of the following is correct about Peplaus theory? a. It is a grand theory that demonstrates that defining nursing was more important than application to practice. b. Her theory developed from her work with oncology patients. c. The theory describes six key nursing roles that are flexibly used, depending on the practice setting. d. Her theory describes nursing roles as mother, technician, salesman, scholar, and advocate.

c. The theory describes six key nursing roles that are flexibly used, depending on the practice setting.

Which of the following best describes a middle-range theory? a. They are very limited in scope and are confined to one to three concepts. b. They do not incorporate the elements of nursings metaparadigm in use. c. They usually blend nursing practice with nursing research. d. They do not borrow concepts from other disciplines.

c. They usually blend nursing practice with nursing research.

Gilligans theory on moral development differed from Kohlbergs theory because Gilligan considered which population not addressed by Kohlberg? a. Children b. Men c. Women d. Adolescents

c. Women

A competent resident in a long-term care facility refuses an ordered antidepressant medication. The nurse believes the patient needs the medication because he is clearly showing signs of depression and dissolves the medication in juice without telling the patient. This illustrates negligence by failure to a. follow the standard of care. b. assess and monitor a patient. c. communicate with a patient. d. document.

c. communicate with a patient.

A broad, general view of nursing that clarifies values and answers broad disciplinary questions for nursing is known as a a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory.

c. philosophy.

The most common reason that nurses are disciplined by the state board of nursing is a. making medication errors. b. following unsafe nursing practice. c. practicing while impaired. d. abandoning patients.

c. practicing while impaired.

A nurse conducts theory testing and theory development research to develop nursing science. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education? a. Associate degree b. Bachelors degree c. Masters degree d. Doctoral degree

d. Doctoral degree

The nurse giving medications to a pediatric patient notes that an order for a medication is considerably larger than the usual dose. She looks up the medication in a pharmacology book and finds she is correct about the dosage. Which action should the nurse take? a. Documenting the findings in the chart after giving the medication b. Calling the nursing supervisor and ask what to do next c. Calling the pharmacist to obtain the usual dosage d. Notifying the physician of her findings before giving the medication

d. Notifying the physician of her findings before giving the medication

Nursing theory provides a foundation for theory-based practice and curriculum development. Which is a primary reason for incorporating theory into education? a. Nursing theory helps nurses explain their practice to members of other disciplines. b. Nursing theory helps transmit knowledge to new professional nurses. c. Nursing theory contributes to professional autonomy, an important characteristic of all professions. d. Nursing theory is taught as a guide to nursing practice and to teach students care within the unique perspective of nursing.

d. Nursing theory is taught as a guide to nursing practice and to teach students care within the unique perspective of nursing.

A nurse who advocates for a longer stay when a medically indigent patient is being prematurely discharged to reduce hospital cost is relying on which ethical principle? a. Justice b. Beneficence c. Autonomy d. Fidelity

A. Justice

Which nursing model is based on the assumption that people want to be in control of their lives? a. Orem b. King c. Roy d. Watson

A. Orem

The nurse observes a patient pacing around the room. The patient expresses concern that being hospitalized will cause lost wages and create economic problems. The nurse infers that the patient is anxious, which the patient confirms. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger b. Neuman c. Orlando d. Peplau

C. Orlando

Which nursing theorist based her model on the belief that adaptation to changes in the environment is the basis of health? a. Watson b. King c. Roy d. Peplau

C. Roy

A group of concepts and propositions that describe linkages between the concepts is a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory.

D. theory

Which of the following falls under the jurisdiction of the state board of nursing? a. Approving or reject applications for new nursing education programs b. Expanding the provisions of the nurse practice act c. Reducing the provisions of the nurse practice act d. Right to suspend the need for licensure of registered nurses (RNs) in times of extreme shortage

a. Approving or reject applications for new nursing education programs

Which component of nursing theory describes a testable outcome? a. Conceptual model b. Proposition c. Framework d. Metaparadigm

b. Proposition

Which of the following ethical theories is illustrated by the example of triage in disaster nursing? a. Deontology b. Principalism c. Utilitarianism d. Virtue ethics

c. Utilitarianism

The nurse forgets to give the patient a dose of antibiotic. Later in the shift, the patient goes into cardiac arrest and dies. What element is lacking to support malpractice? a. Duty of care b. Breach of duty c. Specific injury d. Proximate cause

d. Proximate cause

Which of the following human needs was not included in Hendersons 14 basic needs of patients? a. Need for work b. Sleep and rest c. Spirituality d. Sexuality

d. Sexuality

Analysis of cases of reported negligence from 1995 to 2001 demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred in which patient care setting? a. Acute care b. Psychiatric c. Nursing homes and long-term care facilities d. Home health

A. Acute care

A school nurse teaching school-aged children about water safety is an example of which ethical principle? a. Beneficence b. Justice c. Veracity d. Autonomy

A. Beneficence

The nurse assists the patient with a bath in the morning because the patient has a cast on one hand and an intravenous line in the other. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

A. Henderson

Which of the following situations is an example of moral distress? a. You hear nurses in the lounge making off-color jokes about a patient. You are afraid to speak up for fear of retaliation. b. You have been late for work a couple of times in the last 2 weeks, and your co-workers are covering for you. c. You become romantically involved with a co-worker, which is against the unit policy, so you resign your position. d. You purposefully use vague language when explaining a patients condition to the family. Staff expects that the patient may be brain-dead, but test results are not yet conclusive.

A. You hear nurses in the lounge making off-color jokes about a patient. You are afraid to speak up for fear of retaliation.