Nursing Chapter 2
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
A nurse researcher is planning to conduct a research study and applies to the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) for approval. When applying to the IRB, which information would the nurse researcher be required to include? Select all that apply.
Detailed plans for data security A proposed consent form
Which is the theory that describes the maturation of humans through stages?
Developmental theory
Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research?
Drug metabolism
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge?
Traditional knowledge
Which aspect of the nursing research process addresses a client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of the study?
Undergoing the informed consent process with the client
A conceptual framework is defined as:
a set of concepts and propositions
An abstract idea or object that relates to other abstract ideas or objects is which?
concept
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
A group of concepts and the relationships among them is what?
theory
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
A nurse is reviewing nursing theory for usefulness in a home healthcare setting. Which is the appropriate application of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model in a home healthcare setting?
Match the client's self-care needs with appropriate supportive interventions.
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative
The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
Qualitative research
A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"?
Decrease infection rates
A public health nurse is working with a large group of clients who require a variety of patient care, health teaching, and health promotion. Using Virginia Henderson's Basic Needs Theory, how should the nurse proceed in order to provide a variety of medical, health teaching, and health promotion interventions?
Determine general basic needs of the group and additional needs specific to each client.
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My nutritionist told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Authoritative knowledge
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
Evidence-based research
Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?
Florence Nightingale
Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do?
Select literature relevant to the problem.
A nurse manager is using the AACN PEARL tool as a resource in a hospital setting. Which statements describe examples of the chief focus of this resource? Select all that apply.
The nurse uses PEARL to plan change initiatives for the unit. The nurse uses PEARL to find tools to improve client outcomes. The nurse uses PEARL to share critical learning with staff.
Which theory describes how humans adjust to life with other living things and with the environment?
Adaptation theory
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
adults
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?
Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian.
A nurse is using quantitative research for a question related to nursing practice. When conducting the research, which aspect would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply.
Concepts are fairly well-developed. An existing body of literature is available. Statistical processes are used to interpret the data.
A nurse researcher is studying female clients who have survived breast cancer. The nurse asks each client to describe her experience and then analyzes the data for the meaning of the experience within each person's own reality. This nurse has used what type of qualitative research method?
Phenomenology
A nurse is planning to participate in a research project and is looking for information about what is already known about the topic. The nurse is involved in which step of the research process?
Scientific literature review
A nurse is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The nurse is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nurse reading?
Abstract
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?
Experimental research
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
Preventing skin breakdown
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "I read a research article about the importance of beans in the Latino diet. The findings from the study suggested that inclusion of meat and beans in the diet would help in the development of muscles and bones." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Scientific knowledge
When the nurse researcher informs the participant that the participant's identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:
confidentiality.
A nursing theory differs from a theoretical framework in which way?
Concepts and propositions are more specific
The nurse is preparing to submit a research project to the institutional review board (IRB). The nurse understands that if the IRB were to reject the research project, it would most likely be for which reason?
The project lacks sufficient safeguards to protect human subjects.
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICO format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?
Chromium supplements
A group of objects with relationships is which?
Concept
A nurse subscribes to the Basic Needs theory. Which action by the nurse exemplifies this theory?
Assisting the client to the bedside commode
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
General systems theory
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
General systems theory
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
What was the focus of nursing research during the first half of the twentieth century,?
Nursing education
The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory?
Person
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
Nursing theory
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
P
A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted?
Quantitative research
A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research?
Quantitative research
Knowledge gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience is which type of knowledge?
Authoritative knowledge
