Nursing Informatics CH 5-7, 20

Technologies that provide for patient safeties and independence at home, such as health and fitness apps, sensors and tools that connect the patient with caregivers, digital medication reminder systems, and early warning and detection technologies

Telecare

Use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support and promote long distance clinical health care, patient and professional health related education, public health and health administration

Telehealth

Use of telecommunications technologies to support the delivery of all types of medical, diagnostic, and treatment related services, usually by physicians or nurse practioners

Telemedicine

What is an IN?

The IN is a registered nurse with an interest or experience in an informatics field

Webinar

The Web version of a live seminar in which there is a speaker and audience participation.

C) TCP/IP.

The basic network protocol that determines the rules used to create and route packets of data between computers is: A) HL7. B) URL. C) TCP/IP. D) XML.

Wiki

Web server software that allows users to create and edit Web page content with any Web browser. It supports the creation of new pages and hyperlinks.

A) An organization's employees.

What is the most common risk to patient privacy and confidentiality? A) An organization's employees. B) Inadequate firewall protection. C) Inadequate system design. D) Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.

Informatics

field that integrates a specialty's science, computer science, cognitive science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in a specialty's practice

Knowledge user

individuals or groups who benefit from valuable, viable knowledge

Which of the following can identify the client in all information systems across the organization? 1. Client identification code 2. Billing system 3. Nursing information system 4. Administrative information systems

1

Which of the following terms denote learning that uses the Internet? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. E-learning 2. Web-based learning 3. Internet training 4. Online learning 5. Computer-assisted learning

1,2,3,4,5

Wikis can be used as a tool in the classroom. Which of the following are advantages of using a wiki in education? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Wikis can foster collaboration. 2. Wikis can connect learners in different time zones. 3. Wikis can provide links to online resources. 4. Wikis can be used for asynchronous learning. 5. Wikis can serve as an online content-management system.

1,2,3,4,5

Which of the following depicts the nationwide initiative to prevent medication errors? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Adverse events are reported through MedWatch 2. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) rejects applications for new drug names that are similar to older drug names. 3. Advocating clinical decision support (CDS) systems 4. Denies reimbursement for extended hospital stays based as a result of a medication error. 5. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices publishes a consumer newsletter on medication errors.

1,2,3,5

Which statement indicates the nurse is correctly documenting according to a critical pathway? 1. Nursing documentation is entered separately from that of other health care team members 2. Nursing documentation is entered in nursing diagnoses and outcome statements framework 3. Variances are identified if client outcomes are not as anticipated 4. Only one critical pathway is selected at a given time for a given client

3

Stacked Chart

A bar chart that is a part-to-whole chart that measures in percentages; each data set uses as its baseline the previous data set, and stacked bar carts compare differences in groups of clustered data.

Line chart

A chart that uses lines to connect data: one type of communication changes in elapsed time period data and one type shows data trends; the category data are displayed on the horizontal axis and the data values displayed on the vertical axis.

Podcast

A digital audio file made available on the Web. These files are downloaded, and can be played with special software on a computer such as Microsoft's Windows Media Player®, or another piece of hardware such as an MP3 player. Although technically only audio, this term has erroneously started to be used to include vodcasts, or digital video downloads that are played the same way as a podcast. See vodcast.

Vodcasts

A digital video file available on the Web that can be downloaded and played on special players, or on a computer with special software such as Microsoft's Windows Media Player®. May be erroneously referred to as a podcast.

Zipped file

A file that is compressed without losing any data to make it smaller in size. Requires software, which is part of Microsoft Windows, or can be purchased. Works best with text files, most graphical files are unable to be compressed very much,

Chart

A graphical presentation of a set of numbers; provide a means to interpret the relationships pf the quantitative and categorical data in the table.

Webcast

A one-way presentation using the Web for video to audiences who may be both in a room and in a different geographical location.

Backward compatibility

A program is backwardly compatible when it can use files created by an earlier version of the program, e.g. when your word processor version 12.0 will let you read and edit files created by version 9.0 of the same program.

Web conferencing

A set of computer tools that enables logged in users to conduct a live meeting or presentation on the Web.

Workbook

A spreadsheet file containing one or more spreadsheets; a user can change the order sheets, add or delete sheets from a workbook.

Post Office Protocol (POP)

A standard protocol for receiving e-mail. It is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you by your Internet server.

Web 3.0

A term used to describe the evolution of the Web in a way that will transform the Web into a huge more accurately searchable database. Sometimes thought of as the Semantic Web.

Column

A vertical group of cells in a spreadsheet or table.

What is user acceptance testing? When is it performed?

After all technology testing phases are complete. An important final phase of testing where the nurse (or other system end-user) test drives the new system or new functions of the EHR to ensure it's working as designed.

What is integration testing? When is it performed?

After function testing. Uses test script to validate that a system is working as designed for an entire workflow that integrates multiple components of the system

What is performance testing? When is it performed?

After integration testing. Performance testing is more technical and ensures proper functioning of the system when there are high volumes of end-users or care providers using the system at the same time. Can it handle the load?

What is function testing? When is it performed?

After unit testing. Uses test scripts to validate that a system is working as designed for one particular function.

What is an INS

An INS is informatics nurse specialist. An INS is a registered nurse with a formal graduate level education in the field of informatics.

Listerv

An electronic mailing list whose software forwards all messages to members of a group.

Spreadsheet

An electronic version of a table consisting of a grid of rectangles (cells) arranged in columns and rows; can be uniquely formatted to display numbers, text data, and formulas.

Discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data

Analytics

A) integrated.

Applications that are designed to run on a common platform, operate in a common environment, and communicate through direct data transfer are known as: A) integrated. B) interfaced. C) normalized. D) optimized.

Ultimately, it is hoped that the meaningful use compliance will result in:

Better clinical outcomes Improved population health outcomes Increased transparency and efficiency Empowered people More robust research data on health systems

Accumulation of data from various sources, combined with new technologies that allow for the transformation of data to information

Big data

BCC

Blind Carbon Copy. Used to send an email message that is addressed to one person to another without the original recipient knowing that another also received the message. Different than a CC.

CC

Carbon copy. A method of sending an email message to more than one person.

Pie chart

Communicate the proportion of various items in relation to the whole (classified as area charts); they are the part to whole charts designed to show percentages, not amounts, and use only one data series.

Area chart

Communicates the proportion of the various items in relation to the whole (ex. pie charts); they are the "part of the whole". Charts are designed to show numbers and percentages.

The more users can apply prior experience to a new system, the lower the learning curve, the more effective their usage, and the fewer their errors.

Consistency

Presentation of data in a graphical or pictorial format

Data visualization

Informatics scope and standard definitions:

Data: Discrete entities that are described without interpretation Information: Data that have been interpreted, organized, and structured Knowledge: Information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified Wisdom: Appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems

What is unit testing? When is it performed?

During design and development. This is basic testing that occurs initially. • Do the screens contain the right information? • Was anything left out? • Is everything in the right place on the screen? • Are there any typos?

Which of the following can be used with CISs to allow information entry and retrieval at the point of care or wherever it is needed by the health care professional? 1. Mobile and wireless technology 2. Computerized order entry 3. Bar coding systems 4. Monitoring systems

1

What is the Informatics Nurse Specialist (INS) responsible for?

For strategy development, implementation, maintenance, and evaluation of clinical systems requiring collaboration with multiple disciplines

_____ means that a design allows the user to discover it through exploration without fear of disastrous results. This approach accelerates learning while building in protections against unintended consequences.

Forgiveness

Bar chart

Generally associated with comparisons of amounts; data in bar charts can be displayed either vertically or horizontally, and varieties include sample, clustered, or stacked.

1. Study of the structure and interactions of all genes in the human body, including their interactions with each other as well as the environment 2. Emerging discipline in which genomic information about a person is used in their clinical care.

Genomics

Pharming

Hacking into a DNS router by malicious people and changing the IP address for legitimate Web sites to one that pretends to be the real site. Users being unaware that they are not at the legitimate site may enter personal information that is used maliciously.

Standard and agreed upon terms used in an electronic health record to improve data trend and sharing;

Health information Technology

B) indicates the earliest possible time a project can be completed.

In project management, the critical path is best described as a series of activities that: A) includes the path with the most slack or float. B) indicates the earliest possible time a project can be completed. C) is scheduled for the next current phase of the process. D) shows the shortest path through the network diagram.

A) early adopters.

In promoting change, the people who are recognized as opinion leaders and role models are known as the: A) early adopters. B) early majority. C) innovators. D) risk takers.

A) comparing guideline parameters to clinical outcomes.

Integrating clinical practice guidelines with an electronic health record facilitates quality improvement measurement by: A) comparing guideline parameters to clinical outcomes. B) presenting results at the point of treatment decisions. C) providing reference information to measurement staff. D) representing patient acuity data.

Ability of a system to exchange electronic health information with and use electronic health information from other systems without special effort on part of the user

Interoperability

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Is a business or organization that offers users access to the Internet and related services

Collective Intelligence

Knowledge and understanding that emerges from large groups of people.

Presenting all the information needed for the task at hand reduces cognitive load.

Minimizing cognitive load

MMS

MultiMedia Service, text and other media like picture via text messaging

_____ refers to how automatically "familiar" and easy to use (intuitive) the application feels to the user.

Naturalness

Specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice

Nurse Informaticist

Specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science , and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice.

Nursing informatics

Worksheet

One spreadsheet in a workbook file; it is best to use a separate worksheet for each table in a workbook.

Strategies to improve processes, maximize effective use, reduce errors, reduce costs, eliminate workflow inefficiencies, improve clinical decision support, and improve end-user skills and satisfaction with the system

Optimization

Web-based tool with secure access that allows patients' to communicate with and receive information from their health care providers

Patient portal

Use of information about a persons genetic makeup, or genome, to choose the drugs and drug doses that are likely to work best for that person

Pharmacogenomics

Variety of statistical techniques that analyze current and historical facts to make predictions about future or otherwise unknown events

Predictive analytics

Informatics nurse specialist

RN with formal, graduate education in the field of informatics or a related field, who is considered a specialist in the field of nursing informatics

RSS Feed

(Real Simple Syndication or Rich Site Summary) a technology that allows users to subscribe to a site and then notifies the user when there are updates to the site.

A nursing information system is considered to be effective if which of the following goals are accomplished? 1. Supports nursing and enhances practice 2. Collects data and creates new theories of nursing 3. Disseminates best practices and identifies variances 4. Finds medication errors and creates new protocols

1

Marketing services have become one of the important organizational uses of the Internet, therefore, multiple companies and organizations use websites as an opportunity to accomplish their goals. What are some of the reasons to use the Internet for marketing? 1. To offer virtual tours and job opportunity information 2. To share statistics regarding best practice models 3. To illustrate the usefulness of the intranet within the organization 4. To define the goals of the HIT

1

Organizations and credentialing agencies often use the Internet to share educational information. Which of the following makes this possible? 1. Podcasts and webinars 2. DVDs 3. E-mail 4. List-servs

1

Registered nurses can use the Internet for a number of key functions pertaining to licensure. Which of the following answers reflects the usefulness of the Internet and licensure? 1. Nurses can renew their professional licenses online. 2. Nurses no longer have the option of renewing their licenses by mail. 3. Professional licensing agencies mandate license renewal online. 4. Professional licensing agencies do not have the technology to renew licenses online.

1

The following answers are standardized languages used across the discipline of nursing that allow nurses to describe nursing problems, treatments, and outcomes in a manner that is understood by all nurses except which? 1. HIS 2. NANDA 3. NOC 4. NIC

1

Which of the following depicts the best use of virtual worlds in the education of nurses? 1. The virtual world can simulate hospital life. 2. Virtual worlds offer students answers to NCLEX-RN® style questions. 3. Virtual worlds offer synchronous interaction with patients. 4. Virtual worlds are too expensive for classroom use.

1

Which of the following describes Questia? 1. Online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles 2. Comprehensive online nursing database 3. Interactive resource that answers complex patient care questions 4. Web-based tool with a complete listing of nursing diagnoses

1

Which of the following clinical system functions allows the nurse to provide more efficient patient care? 1. Electronic presentations 2. Order entry 3. Identification coding 4. Help desk

2

Which of the following describes a wiki? 1. A shared online resource 2. Social media site 3. A pop-up 4. SPAM

1

Data

raw facts that lack meaning

Educator

sage, leader, and/or guide who assists in the process or practice of learning

A three credit baccalaureate course meets four hours a week in the classroom and three hours per week through Blackboard. This is considered what type of learning environment? 1. On site 2. Mixed methods 3. Multimodality 4. Hybrid

4

Which of the following statements best defines a learning object? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. A learning object is an entity or learning event. 2. A learning object teaches an online lesson. 3. A learning object describes the usefulness of the Internet. 4. A learning object is embedded in HTML mark ups.

1

Nursing informatics competencies

set of essential skills related to informatics deemed appropriate for various levels of nursing practice

Which of the following statements is most accurate about social media and hospitals? 1. Social media has relevance to health care. 2. Health care and social media are unrelated. 3. Hospital marketing departments refuse to incorporate social media into their practice. 4. Social media is not relevant to hospital marketing or nursing practice.

1

Online resources are available for health care professionals to complete a number of important tasks. Which of the following are services offered by professional organizations? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Cultural competence information is offered by Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) 2. HealthLink assists users to medical and health care information. 3. Healthcare Providers Service Organization (HPSO) offers licensure information. 4. State Boards of Nursing offer continuing education credits. 5. Second Life offers end-of-life content for bereavement counselors.

1,2

Which agency has a comprehensive website dedicated to improving the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of health care for all Americans? 1. Joint Commission 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 3. American Nurses Credentialing Center 4. Pathway to Excellence Program

2

The Internet offers a number of unique ways to market the organization. What are some of the ways companies use the Internet to create interest in their unique goods or services? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Securing domain names for a business 2. Arranging for e-mail addresses 3. Hosting one or more websites 4. Designing a company website. 5. Creating application for smart phones

1,2,3,4

Which of the following are considered benefits of electronic prescriptions? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Eliminates phone calls for refills 2. Reviews clients drug histories before prescribing 3. Provides reminders for prescriptions 4. Alerts provider about drug reactions 5. Provides a longitudinal prescription record

1,2,3,4

Most professional organizations have a Web presence. What types of information should a professional organization's website offer to the reader? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Educational opportunities 2. Career opportunities 3. Certification opportunities 4. Policy work and initiatives 5. News fee​d

1,2,3,4,5

The Internet has become the source of locating current research and literature for practicing nurses and students. Which of the following websites provide beneficial information for health care professionals to access in an attempt to improve practice? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 2. The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) 3. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) 4. National Institutes of Health (NIH) 5. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

1,2,3,4,5

Which of the following statements are true about virtual worlds? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. The simulated environment may reflect contemporary life, a setting found in works of fiction, or a setting unique to a world-developer's imagination. 2. Other terms for virtual world include: digital worlds, simulated worlds, multi-user virtual environments (MUVE), and massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs). 3. Gaming cannot be part of a virtual world. 4. Commercial virtual worlds focus on community building and socializing. 5. A virtual world is not an appropriate learning tool.

1,2,4

Clinical information systems (CISs) can have a positive impact on which of the following? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Pharmacy 2. Radiology 3. Order entry 4. Laboratory department 5. Nursing department

1,2,4,5

Social media is currently used to update subscribers on current events and updated content. Which of the following avenues can be used by health care professionals to share information? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Twitter 2. Textbook companion websites 3. Facebook 4. Linked In 5. YouTube

1,3,4,5

Which of the following Web-based learning objects can educators use to support the learning experience? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Video 2. Cryptic usernames and passwords 3. Audio clips 4. Applications 5. Animations

1,3,4,5

Which of the following are advantages to asynchronous learning? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Teachers and learners can connect in the classroom at different times 2. Teachers and learners can connect in the classroom at the same time 3. Asynchronous learning is more flexible than on-ground learning 4. Asynchronous learners must commute to the classroom 5. Asynchronous learners can access online library databases

1,3,5

Which of the following supports the automation of nursing documentation? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. The use of standardized nursing languages (SNLs) accepted by the American Nurses Association 2. The use of a SOAP note in narrative form to support assessment of client cardiopulmonary system 3. The use of interventions such as "turn, cough, and deep breathe" as determined by the Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) 4. The use of client-specific charting by exception, addressing only exceptions to normal 5. The use of nursing diagnoses such as "Alteration of Comfort" as defined by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA)

1,3,5

Which of the following are true about using automated pharmacy systems? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. An automated system pulls in laboratory results and client information from the HIS more quickly to identify allergy and interaction problems. 2. Costs for operating automated pharmacy systems are not as important as the improved communication among departments. 3. Expenses used in starting up an automated pharmacy system are considerable, including personnel training. 4. The use of these systems is limited only to pharmacists. 5. Individual client data is integrated and provides the pharmacist with up-to-date information.

1,5

Supporting strong patient engagement using a tool such as the patient portal has shown to have multiple benefits including:

1. Better health outcomes. 2. Chronic condition management 3. Timely access to care. 4. Patient retention. 5. Patient Centered Medical Home recognition.

What are the steps in informatics evaluation:

1. Determine what will be evaluated 2. Determine the question 3. Conduct a literature search. 4. Determine the needed data. 5. Determine the study type. 6. Determine the data collection method and sample size. 7. Collect, analyze, and display data. 8. Document your outcome evaluation.

The client registration system is also known as which of the following? 1. Admission system 2. Admission/discharge/transfer system 3. Transfer system 4. Discharge system

2

There are a number of bibliographic online databases. Which of the following databases is dedicated to providing nurses with full-text articles? 1. Emerald Insight 2. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) 3. Google Books 4. ProQuest

2

Which of the following describes home care information systems? 1. Supports the way that users function, and allows flexibility and improved access to information and tools 2. Uses monitoring technology which, when integrated into information systems, provides a way to care for the target population 3. Requires integration for the improvement of quality of care and business survival 4. Provides assistance to organizations to better manage their resources and improve efficiency

2

Which of the following is characteristic of an automated radiology information system (RIS)? 1. Once a test is completed, the film is scanned to an optical imaging disc. 2. As each test is ordered, the user is prompted to answer questions such as the purpose of the test. 3. Images may be faxed to other institutions for timely consultations. 4. As soon as the test is performed, the system interprets the results and sends an electronic report.

2

Which of the following statements is the best response when a health care provider is asked by a patient to be their "friend" on Facebook? 1. "Great idea. I would love to keep in touch with you." 2. "I am flattered that you want to be my friend, but it is not appropriate for me to 'friend' you on Facebook." 3. "Absolutely, I 'friend' all of my former patients." 4. "Why would you want to be my friend? Are you lonely?"

2

Which of the following systems supports the use and documentation of nursing processes and activities, and provides tools for managing the delivery of nursing care? 1. Administrative information system 2. Nursing information system 3. Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) 4. Clinical information system

2

Which of these is an advantage of implementing a computerized order entry system? 1. Physicians argue for the option to continue traditional methods for ordering 2. Each department is notified simultaneously as orders are processed through the system 3. Increased system access or response time is available to the health care provider 4. Clinicians readily accept the new system, related to work process changes

2

Which type of software has been developed by the consumer to meet specific needs usually because no suitable commercial package is available? 1. Off-the-shelf 2. Home grown 3. Administrative spreadsheets 4. Critical pathway

2

Medical informatics

specialty that integrates medical science, computer science, cognitive science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information knowledge, and wisdom in medical practice

Information systems interact to provide checks and alerts throughout the medication ordering and administration process. Which of the following are steps in this process in which bar codes are utilized for medication ordering and administration? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Bar code on patient's door is scanned 2. Bar code on the medication label is scanned 3. Bar code on patient's identification bracelet is scanned 4. Bar code on patient's chart is scanned 5. Bar code on nurse's identification badge is scanned

2,3,5

Medication errors have been on the rise over the past decade. A national initiative to minimize or eliminate the errors can be supported through which of the following responses? 1. Electronic medical administration records are generated weekly and compared to the clients' physician orders. 2. The client's medication administration record is compared to the client's identification bracelet before the medication is given. 3. The bar codes of the nurse, client's identification bracelet, and prescription medication are scanned and compared. 4. The client's medication administration record bar code is compared to the clients' prescription medications.

3

Which of the following statements suggests that the use of mobile devices in the health care setting can enhance patient care? 1. Personal access to patient's home address 2. Portable devices have a finite amount of space to receive instantaneous lab results. 3. The elimination of paper copies of lab reports 4. The elimination of a unit secretary position since all data is housed on the mobile device

3

How can educators employ the use of a reusable learning object (RLO)? 1. An RLO is believed to enhance learning by offering complex material. 2. An RLO is believed to enhance learning by creating a virtual experience for the learner. 3. An RLO is believed to enhance learning by providing a virtual workspace for the learner. 4. An RLO is believed to enhance learning by chunking down complex material into smaller packets.

4

Which is the most accurate statement about Second Life? 1. Second Life has a single spot on the Internet and is easy to find. 2. Second Life is a gathering place where residents have housing built for them. 3. The focus of Second Life is not to build a community but to define an individual's place in the virtual world. 4. Second Life is an immersive world that fosters creativity.

4

Which of the following is the best example of a monitoring system? 1. Manual blood pressure of 132/82 is entered into the vital sign section of the graphic sheet. 2. The automatic blood pressure machine takes one reading of 164/104 and is turned off. 3. Blood glucose readings of 162 for 7:30 a.m. and 198 for 11:30 a.m. are obtained and entered into the computer system. 4. A temperature probe is connected to the pulmonary artery catheter to continuously monitor core temperature.

4

Which of these is an example of a decision support system (DSS)? 1. A system used to schedule client visits for follow up care after extensive abdominal surgery 2. A system used to register clients who are admitted to an acute health care facility for surgery 3. A system used by emergency room administration to bill clients once their diagnoses are verified 4. A system used by physicians to provide suggestions for diagnostic tests according to selected admitting diagnoses

4

With the onslaught of electronic mail in professional boxes, nurses must be cognizant of the impact on which of the following? 1. Patient knowledge 2. Patient diagnosis 3. Patient outcomes 4. Patient privacy

4

C) present the information at the super-user meetings, department and unit meetings, and at other specialty clinician meetings, in addition to having a message posted on the message-of-the-day screen in the EHR.

A downtime of the electronic health record (EHR) system is planned for three months from today. The informatics nurse is formulating a communication plan for the clinical staff about the downtime. The nurse plans to: A) announce the upcoming downtime at system-wide meetings, and at department meetings of specific system hospitals affected by the downtime. B) bring copies of the communication plan to IT meetings, and discuss it with the IT directors and managers. C) present the information at the super-user meetings, department and unit meetings, and at other specialty clinician meetings, in addition to having a message posted on the message-of-the-day screen in the EHR. D) print fliers with the downtime plan and post them in bathrooms and breakrooms, as well as on bulletin boards in various locations in the hospitals.

Cell range

A group of contiguous cells in a spreadsheet so that users can name ranges of cells and use this name is commands instead of the cell location to create formulas.

Combo box

A list to validate data that appear from a drop down menu, created in spreadsheet or database software.

Folksonomy

A method of collective intelligence in which groups share information by classifying it with a label.

Freeze

A method to keep one part of a spreadsheet (rows, columns, or both) visible while scrolling to another area of the spreadsheet; this is important for accurate data entry when the data refers to a heading in a column or row.

Phishing

A trick used to entice people to access a Web site designed to look like a legitimate site and enter information that can be used to steal identities, bank accounts or use credit cards not their own. These URLs will be embedded into an email message; the address looks legitimate, but if you check the lower left corner of the screen while your mouse pointer is on the supposed URL, you will see where you will actually be taken if you click on the URL.

Rich text format (rtf)

A type of text file that preserves most formatting, but can be opened by almost any word processing program. This is a type of file often used with text files when sending them as an attachment because it preserves most formatting, but allows almost all word processors to open the file with no regard to which word processor created it.

Certification

system for validating that a nurse possesses certain skills and knowledge or is competent to complete a task

C) improved evaluation of nursing outcomes.

Adherence to a standardized nursing language will lead to: A) a barrier in national interoperability. B) a larger database of interventions. C) improved evaluation of nursing outcomes. D) increased nursing competencies.

Flash

Adobe software Flash. Requires a Flash player to see which is freely available at Adobe. May be interactive. Used for presentations, testing, tutorials, etc over the web.

D) encourages the learner to use previous experience to interpret new learning.

Adult learners most effectively learn about a new clinical information system when the instructor: A) assumes that the learner knows nothing about the system. B) begins the formal training as early as possible in the implementation process. C) emphasizes the technical specifications of the structure of the system. D) encourages the learner to use previous experience to interpret new learning.

Voice-Over Internet Protocol (VOIP)

Software and hardware that enables people to use the Internet for telephone calls. The software sends voice data using the regular Internet protocols. The biggest advantage of this type of communication is that there is no additional charge beyond what the user pays for Internet access. Often referred to as telephony.

Standard and agreed upon terms to improve data trending and sharing

Standard terminology

B) informatics nursing uses the concepts, tools, and methods of various disciplines to facilitate nursing process.

Because several disciplines support the foundation of informatics nursing, it is important for the informatics nurse to understand that: A) informatics nursing differs from other disciplines, as it focuses on supporting the process of obtaining data. B) informatics nursing uses the concepts, tools, and methods of various disciplines to facilitate nursing process. C) information technology and nursing technology are synonymous, as they have the same goal. D) the boundaries between the various disciplines are clearly defined.

Threaded messages

The organization of messages by the topic of the message. The success of this depends on those who reply using the same subject for messages on a given topic and initiating a new topic when sending a message with a new topic. This is used to organize messages in News Groups and in archives for mailing lists. It is also used with online discussions in forums, or distance education.

A) A feasibility study.

The problems of an existing system have been identified, along with possible solutions. What is the next step in the systems analysis stage? A) A feasibility study. B) Requirements gathering. C) Systems design. D) Systems testing.

Cell

The rectangles contained in a grid of a spreadsheet that are arranged in columns and rows; each cell can be formatted to display numbers, text, data, and formulas.

Interdisciplinary knowledge team

team composed of members of various disciplines in a healthcare organization, each of whom contributes unique knowledge to the team in problem-solving or management situations

Computer-based system designed for collecting, storing, manipulating and making available clinical information important to the health care delivery process

Clinical information system. (CIS)

Screen ______ also is a key factor in objectives of efficiency and safety. Clinical users must be able to scan information quickly with high comprehension

Readability

External reference

References (links) a cell or range in a spreadsheet located in another workbook; values changed in a linked cell change the referenced cell in another workbook.

In clinical applications, there can be so much relevant information to display it can be tempting to pack as much as possible onto a screen. However, visual search times and user errors increase in proportion to density.

Appropriate density when designing EMR screens

A) a health information exchange.

As an ambulatory provider reviews the patient's chart, the provider reads lab data from an external organization. This scenario exemplifies: A) a health information exchange. B) a system to update patient records. C) a violation of privacy regulations. D) an electronic health record.

SMS

Short Message Service, text only text message

All language used in an EMR should be concise and unambiguous. Terminology used also must be that which is familiar and meaningful to the end users in the context of their work; no terms related to computers, technology, HL7, databases, and so forth should appear in the user interface

Effective use of language

One of the most direct ways to facilitate efficient user interactions is to minimize the number of steps it takes to complete tasks and to provide shortcuts for use by frequent and/or experienced users.

Efficient interactions

Digital version of a patients' chart that may contain the patients' medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory and test results.

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

_______ in design refers to everything from lack of visual clutter and concise information display to inclusion of only functionality that is needed to effectively accomplish tasks. A "less is more" philosophy is appropriate, with emphasis being given to information needed for decision making.

Simplicity

C) knowledge representation.

Knowledge that is patterned for use in reasoning is known as: A) artificial intelligence. B) knowledge query. C) knowledge representation. D) neural computing.

The use of certified electronic health record technology to achieve health and efficiency goals, with a financial incentive from medicaid or medicare

Meaningful use

Color should be used to convey meaning to the user.

Meaningful use of color

Screen changes and visual interruptions should be kept to a minimum during completion of a particular task. Visual interruptions include anything that forces users to shift visual focus away from the area on the screen where they are currently reading or working to address something else, and then reestablish focus afterward.

Preservation of context

D) the system's functional requirements are derived from users' needs.

System analysis is the process by which: A) a proposed design is reviewed for feasibility. B) potential vendor solutions are explored. C) the management needs are identified. D) the system's functional requirements are derived from users' needs.

Development cycle for an information technology system that includes the following phases: 1. Analyze the plan 2. Design. 3. Test. 4. Train. 5. Implement 6. Maintain 7. Evaluate

System development lifecycle (SDLC)

Mashup

The compounding ("mashing") of two or more pieces of complementing web functionalities to create a powerful web application. Examples include superimposing epidemiological information on a map.

D) transform data into a usable form.

The focus of data analysis is to: A) collect data from various sources. B) evaluate data for efficiency. C) identify data sources for later inclusion. D) transform data into a usable form.

D) organization's business mission.

The foundation of strategic system planning begins with a review of the: A) existing computing environment. B) health care industry. C) information system plan. D) organization's business mission.

What is a hemoglobin a1c?

The hemoglobin A1c test tells you the average level of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months. People who have diabetes need this test regularly to see if their levels are staying within range. It can tell if you need to adjust your diabetes medicines.

D) pie chart.

The informatics nurse is working on a chart to demonstrate the increasing incidence of obesity in the patient population at a health clinic. The data will represent patients who are of normal weight, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese, and it will include the percentage of the total population for each group. This type of data is most effectively represented by a: A) bar chart. B) column chart. C) line chart. D) pie chart.

C) looking up a colleague's diagnosis and laboratory results while he or she is hospitalized.

The informatics nurse violates a patient's legal right to privacy and confidentiality, by: A) discussing a patient's diagnosis with an authorized family member. B) discussing care-related information with the patient's physical therapist. C) looking up a colleague's diagnosis and laboratory results while he or she is hospitalized. D) providing a handoff report containing patient information to another department.

Active cell

The location where you enter data into a spreadsheet; analogous to the insertion point in other programs.

Cell address

The name given to a cell in a spreadsheet; uses the letter of the column and the row number where it is located.

What does testing technology provide for?

Thorough testing helps to avoid unexpected issues (some of which can affect patient safety), since technology is complex with multiple interrelated components. A change or update to one part of a clinical information system, such as an EHR, can have effects on other areas not initially identified.

Extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use.

Usability.

B) medications are documented using both the current method and the new system.

Using parallel strategy for the roll-out of an electronic medication administration system means that all: A) data entries are cosigned by two health care team members. B) medications are documented using both the current method and the new system. C) notebook computers and bar code scanners are positioned on the same surface. D) vital signs are entered on the same screen as is medication administration.

D) System design.

What process produces a blueprint that details how hardware and software meet the needs of the organization? A) Benchmarking. B) Feasibility study. C) System analysis. D) System design.

A) Integration.

What type of testing is performed on functionally grouped components to ensure that the subset works with the entire system? A) Integration. B) System. C) Unit. D) User acceptance.

B) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements.

Which document articulates the primary factors that guide professional nursing judgment, regarding confidential patient information? A) Administrative Simplification Provisions. B) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. C) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. D) Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice

Information

data that are interpreted, organized, or structured

C) Project management software.

Which tool tracks resources, milestones, and time frames associated with the implementation of a new clinical program? A) A database. B) An expert system. C) Project management software. D) Spreadsheet software.

Before considering the employment of any type of new technology or an update to a system already in place, what must occur?

analysis and planning must take place.

Cognitive activity

any process or task (activity) that involves the capacity to think, reason, imagine, and learn

Knowledge

awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision

Industrial age

late 18th and early 19th centuries, when major changes occurred in manufacturing, farming, and transportation

Advocate/policy developer

nurse informatics specialist who is key to developing the infrastructure of health policy

Data gatherer

one involved in the direct procurement of raw facts (data); raw facts (data collector)

Product developer

one who designs, creates, and builds a product, such as a computer program, network, and/or system

Information Age

period at the end of the 20th century, when information was easily accessible using computers, networks, and the Internet

Decision support/outcomes manager

person charged with reviewing the effects of interventions suggested by the computerized decision support system

Consultant

person hired to provide expert advice, opinions, and recommendations based on his or her area of expertise

Project manager

person responsible for the success of a project, who manages the planning and enactment of the project

Technologist

person skilled in the use of technology

Information user

person who accesses and makes use of information made available to her/him

Entrepreneur

person who assumes the risks of beginning an enterprise or business and accepts responsibility for organizing and managing the organization

Knowledge builder

person who examines, interprets, and compares clinical data and trends with an eye toward improving clinical practice based on the available evidence

Continuous learner

person who gleans lessons or learns from success as well as failures, or who constantly searches for information to add to his or her knowledge base

Knowledge worker

those who work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product

TIGER initiative

work of the Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform team; team of nursing leaders developed a vision for utilizing information technology to transform nursing practice