NUTR 3362 Ch. 4: Body Basics

Arrange the parts of the small intestine in order they appear in the GI tract. Duodenum Ileum Jejunum

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

List the organs in the order they occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Rectum Large intestine Small intestine Esophagus Stomach

1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small intestine 4. Large intestine 5. Rectum

Which of the following best describes the passage of feces from the body?

Feces remain in the rectum until moved into the anal canal and out the anus.

Identify the organs that work together to maintain the acid-base balance of the blood.

Kidneys Lungs

Which of the following are functions of the stomach?

Secretes chemical messengers that regulate digestion Produces and secretes HCl Begins chemical digestion of protein

Which of the following is a primary taste sensation? Lipase Umami Carbohydrate Amylase

Umami

The cardiovascular system is made up of which of the following components?

Veins Heart Arteries

What is generally an unpleasant experience but helpful because it prevents toxic substances from entering the small intestine?

Vomiting

How is the stomach lining protected by the stomach's acidic environment?

a mucus lining

The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are part of the digestive system but are considered to be _______ structures. accessory primary tertiary

accessory

The main function of ________ is to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion.

bile

The exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the

capillaries.

Baking a cake involves a chemical reaction between the baking soda and cream of tartar forming ________ which "raises" the cake, giving it a light airy structure.

carbon dioxide

The ________ system is an example of an organ system.

cardiovascular

Molecules are formed when 2 or more atoms interact and are held together by a ________ bond.

chemical

The mixture of gastric juice and partially digested food formed in the stomach is called ________.

chyme

Which of the following are examples of organ systems? hepatic system endocrine system small intestine digestive system

endocrine system digestive system

The hepatic portal vein takes water-soluble nutrients to the ________.

liver

The ________ is the open space inside a structure such as the small intestine.

lumen

Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called ________.

peristalsis

Lingual lipase and salivary amylase are two components of the liquid called ________, which is produced by glands in the mouth.

saliva

Components of saliva include

salivary amylase. lingual lipase.

Most ulcers are now contributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include

smoking. heavy alcohol consumption. regular use of NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory drugs).

Match the term with its correct definition. solution solute solvent solubility electrolytes Ease with which a substance dissolves in a liquid solvent Ions that conduct electricity when dissolved in water Substance that dissolves in the solvent Evenly distributed mixture of two or more compounds Substance in which the solute dissolves

solution = Evenly distributed mixture of two or more compounds solute = Substance that dissolves in the solvent solvent = Substance in which the solute dissolves solubility = Ease with which a substance dissolves in a liquid solvent electrolytes = Ions that conduct electricity when dissolved in water

The endocrine system includes ________.

the workings of hormones. the thyroid glad and pancreas. the regulation of fluid balance.

Homeostasis can be disrupted by ________.

times of starvation or dieting. changes in the cell's internal environment. lengthy periods of sickness.

Self-contained, living structures that have similar characteristics and functions, join together to from ________.

tissue

Which of the following statements about the pH is FALSE? Pure water has equal concentrations of H+ and OH-. The higher concentration of H+, the more acidic the solution. Acidic substances have a higher pH. The pH scale ranges from 0-14.

Acidic substances have a higher pH. (Acidic substances have a lower pH)

Match the section of the small intestine with its correct function. Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Bicarbonate (an alkaline fluid) is secreted here Minimal absorption occurs here Absorption of nutrients occurs in the upper part

Duodenum = Bicarbonate (an alkaline fluid) is secreted here Jejunum = Absorption of nutrients occurs in the upper part Ileum = Minimal absorption occurs here

What is the primary organ of the respiratory system?

Lungs

Which of the following are functions of the liver? (Check all that apply) Storage of bile Manufactures bile Make cholesterol Releases digestive enzymes

Manufactures bile Makes cholesterol

________ is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in living cells.

Metabollism

What are the causes of diarrhea?

More water than normal is secreted into the GI tract. The GI tract absorbs less water than normal.

The brain, spinal cord, and nerves make up which system of the body?

Nervous

Match cell structures with their functions. Nucleus Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Ribosome Organization and expression of DNA Watery fluid that surrounds nucleus Site of ATP synthesis Protein synthesis occurs here

Nucleus = Organization and expression of DNA Cytoplasm = Watery fluid that surrounds nucleus Mitochondrion = Site of ATP synthesis Ribosome = Protein synthesis occurs here

Match the accessory organ with its function. Salivary glands Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Produce and secretes bile Produce and secrete the majority of digestive enzymes Release bile into duodenum Produce and secrete salivary amylase

Salivary glands = Produce and secrete salivary amylase Liver = Produce and secretes bile Gallbladder = Release bile into duodenum Pancreas = Produce and secret the majority of digestive enzymes

Which system of the body produces red blood cells and stores several minerals?

Skeletal

Physiology

The study of how cells and other body structures function

A(n) _______ loses hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, whereas a(n) ________ accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

acid, base

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the month is due to the enzyme action of

amylase.

Enzymes

are recyclable. speed up chemical reactions.

Cells in the body... (Pick one) are specialized to perform specific functions. are able to adapt to multiple functions. remain highly individualized, thus not working well with other cells.

are specialized to perform specific functions.

Match the functions with the correct organ system. Breaks down food both mechanically and chemically Removes waste products from the circulatory system Detects sensations, controls physiological and intellectual functions Removes foreign substances from the blood and aid in fat absorption Transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body Regulates metabolism through the action of hormones Endocrine system Digestive system Cardiovascular system Nervous system Urinary system Lymphatic system

Breaks down food both mechanically and chemically = Digestive system Removes waste products from the circulatory system = Urinary system Detects sensations, controls physiological and intellectual functions = Nervous system Removes foreign substances from the blood and aids in fat absorption = Lymphatic system Transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body = Cardiovascular system Regulates metabolism through the action of hormones = Endocrine system

What is the name for a human being that can digest and absorb nutrients from plants, animals, fungi, and even bacteria?

Omnivore

Match the system of the body with its function. Skeletal system Integumentary system Digestive system Reproductive system To produce children Breakdown and absorption of food Prevents invasion by disease causing bacteria Storage of minerals

Skeletal system = Storage of minerals Integumentary system = Prevents invasion by disease causing bacteria Digestive system = Breakdown and absorption of food Reproductive system =To produce children

What is the largest organ in the body? Muscles Heart Skin Nerves

Skin

Which definition best describes absorption? Substances are taken up from the GI tract and enter the blood stream or the lymph Food is broken down into individual nutrients within the GI tract. Transportation of nutrients throughout the body

Substances are taken up from the GI tract and enter the bloodstream or the lymph

Anatomy

The scientific study of cells and other body structures

Diarrhea is most often caused by ________.

viral infections bacterial infections