Nutr test 3

Of all the fluid in the body what percentage makes up the fluid inside of cells (cytoplasm)?

>50%

Which of the following accurately describes a vitamin?

All vitamins are essential for human health

A compound that stops the damaging effects of free radicals on cells is ______________.

Antioxidant

Riboflavin is involved in which of the following bodily functions. Select all that apply.

Antioxidant defenses, Energy metabolism, Protein and amino acid metabolism

Which of the following are water soluble vitamins?

B-vitamins like thiamin and niacin

Which of the following is true of water soluble vitamins?

Bile does not help with absorption

Vitamin B-6 is involved in which of the following bodily functions. Select all that apply.

Blood Formation, Immune Function, One-carbon metabolism, Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Vitamin K is involved in which of the following bodily functions.

Blood formation, bone health

Other than teeth, where is most of the fluorine in the body located?

Bones

What is the chemical symbol for calcium?

Ca

Which mineral plays a significant role in developing and maintaining bones, blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and cellular metabolism?

Calcium

This trace mineral can enhance insulin action.

Chromium

Which trace mineral may enhance the action of insulin?

Chromium

What is the chemical symbol for Chromium?

Cr

What is the chemical symbol for copper?

Cu

People who live in Northern climates where they are often not exposed to sun for part of the year sometimes develop a deficiency of this vitamin.

D

If your blood pressure rises, what will happen to the level of angiotensin II in your bloodstream?

Decrease

If your blood pressure rises, what will happen to the level of renin in your bloodstream?

Decrease

What is the word used to describe someone who does not have enough water in their body?

Dehydration

Which food would have the higher sodium content as opposed to potassium content?

Deli chicken breast

What is the chemical symbol for fluorine?

F

Which type of vitamin can build to toxic levels?

Fat Soluble

When your mom used to tell you to brush your teeth, what mineral was present in your toothpaste?

Flourine

What type of food is most likely to contain Vitamin C?

Fruits

If you suffer goiter, what mineral are you deficient in?

Goiter

What type of iron would be found in a hamburger?

Heme Iron

What type of iron would be found in a lamb chop?

Heme iron

When you put a red blood cell in a solution that causes the cell to shrink, that solution is said to be _________.

Hypertonic

When you put a red blood cell in a solution that causes the cell to swell, that solution is said to be _________.

Hypotonic

Which part of the human body contains higher levels of potassium (K)?

Inside the cell (cytoplasm)

Many seafood products like haddock and seaweed contain substantial amounts of this trace element.

Iodine

Most salt is fortified with this trace mineral.

Iodine

Which trace mineral gets transported to the thyroid gland?

Iodine

What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

K

This trace mineral, similar to zinc and copper, serves as a co-factor for many enzymes in the body.

Manganese

Which of the following accurately describes a vitamin?

Many people on the planet have specific vitamin deficiencies

The absorption of zinc by small intestinal cells (enterocytes) promotes the production of ______ which will bind to the zinc to encourage more absorption by the enterocytes.

Metallothionein

Which of the following is a more accurate description of sodium?

Most sodium in the American diet is from processed food

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

Na

Deficiency of this vitamin results in pellagra, a dermatitis characterized by rough skin.

Niacin

The vitamin that is used to make NADH which is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions is _______ .

Niacin

How much potassium does the typical American ingest?

Not enough

Which of the following foods has the highest percentage of water?

Orange

What is the name of the bone cell located on the bone surface that release enzymes necessary to dissolve bone so that calcium can be reabsorbed into the bloodstream?

Osteoclast

The most numerous type of bone cell is one that has been fully mineralized. They still retain some biochemical functionality (like absorbing and releasing calcium to and from the blood) but for the most part they provide structural support. What is the name of this mineralized osteoblast?

Osteocyte

Which part of the human body contains higher levels of sodium?

Outside the cell (blood and interstitial fluid)

Which of the following are B-Vitamins?

Pantothenic Acid, Folic Acid

Which food would have the higher sodium content as opposed to potassium content?

Potato Chip

The vitamin that is used to make FAD which is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions is

Riboflavin

The vitamin that is used to make FAD which is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions is _______ .

Riboflavin

Which of the following foods would be the best source of Vitamin D?

Salmon

Sardines are oysters are both good sources of this antioxidant trace mineral.

Selenium

The importance of this mineral is relatively new (1979) but is now known to serve as an antioxidant and serves as a cofactor in at least 25 different enzymes in the body. What is the mineral?

Selenium

Which trace metal is an antioxidant?

Selenium

Which food would have the higher potassium content as opposed to sodium content?

Skim Milk

What part of the body is fluorine most closely associated with?

Teeth

If you injected renin into someone's blood stream what would you expect to happen their Angiotensin II levels?

They would increase

Select the water soluble vitamins from the list below.

Thiamin, Niacin, Riboflavin

Iodine is used to help synthesize which hormone?

Thyroid Hormone

Which of the following foods has the highest percentage of water?

Tomato

Which of the following minerals is considered an ultratrace mineral because you need it in such small amounts?

Vanadium

Which of the following foods has contains no water?

Vegetable oil

What type of food is most likely to contain both water soluble vitamins like folic acid and Vitamin C as well as some fat soluble vitamins like Vitamin A and Vitamin K?

Vegetables

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

Vitamin

Which of the following are fat soluble vitamins?

Vitamin A, D, E, and K

Deficiency of this vitamin results in microcytic hypochromic anemia resulting from decreased hemoglobin synthesis.

Vitamin B-6

The vitamin involved in amino acid metabolism by serving as the coenzyme PLP is _______ .

Vitamin B-6

Vitamin A acts as an antioxidant. What is the other fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant properties?

Vitamin E

When the intake of a specific vitamin is insufficient to meet bodily needs what develops?

Vitamin deficiency

Which type of vitamin do you need to ingest almost every day?

Water Soluble

Which type of vitamin is absorbed by the small intestine and released directly into the blood?

Water Soluble

Which type of vitamin is usually first to show a deficiency because it is not stored in the body to any great extent?

Water soluble vitamins

What type of vitamin is most easily destroyed--by cooking, sunlight, etc.?

Water-soluble

This trace mineral has a 'finger' named for it that helps bind to genes (DNA).

Zinc

The scientific name for a derivative of Vitamin E is ____________.

alpha-Tocopherol