Nutrition 101 chapter 4
duodenum
1 section of the small intestine (d)
ileum
1 section of the small intestine (i)
jejunum
1 section of the small intestine (j)
Cardiovascular system
Circulation of blood throughout the body (system)
Lymphatic and Immune system
Defense and immunity against infectious agents, fluid balance, white blood cell production, and absorption of fat-soluble nutrients from intestinal tract (system)
digestive system
Digestion and absorption of nutrients (system)
Urinary system
Elimination of salts, water, and wastes; and maintenance of fluid balance (system)
Respiratory system
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (system)
Muscular system
Movement and stability of the body (system)
Reproductive system
Procreation (creating children) (system)
Integumentary system
Protection and immunity, regulation of body temperature, and vitamin D synthesis (system)
Endocrine system
Regulation and coordination of many body activities, including growth, nutrient balance, and reproduction (system)
Skeletal system
Support, movement, protection, and production of blood cells (system)
villi
The lining of the small intestine is covered by tiny, fingerlike projections called...
Nervous system
Thought processes, regulation and coordination of many body activities, and detection of changes in external and internal environments (system)
chylomicron
a lipid-rich particle that's coated with protein and phospholipids, which makes the fatty acids and cholesterol easier to transport in blood.
rectum
a lower section of the large intestine
esophagus
a muscular tube that extends about 10 inches from the back of the mouth to the top of the stomach
chyme
a semisolid liquid
saliva
a watery fluid that mixes with food and makes it easier to swallow
omnivore
an organism that can digest and absorb nutrients from plants; animals; fungi
Enzymes
are proteins that help certain chemical changes occur, such as the breakdown of large substances
bacterial and viral infections
diarrhea is most often caused by...
Mechanical digestion
involves the physical breakdown of foods, including the biting action of teeth and mixing movements of the stomach
Absorption
is the process by which nutrients and other substances are taken up by the digestive tract and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system
Digestion
is the process of breaking down large food components into smaller substances (molecules)
gastroesophageal sphincter
is the ring of muscular tissue at the lower end of the esophagus that controls the opening to the stomach
colon
primary section of the large intestine
Chemical digestion
refers to the chemical breakdown of foods by substances secreted into the digestive tract digestive tract
pyloric sphincter
the ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach
peristalsis
waves of muscular activity along the digestive tract that help propel food material through the tract