Nutrition 1020 final

Derek wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

2 cups

The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates that the chips are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide _____ gram(s) of fat or less per serving.

3

According to national surveys, the percentage of obese American adults increased by almost ____ % between 1988-1994 and 2011-2012.

50%

Which of the following is not a function of the cholecystokinin? A) Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells B) Stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder to release the bile C) Trigger the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice into the small intestine D) Control the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

A

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein? A) Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes B) Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter C) Kidney beans mixed with rice D) Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas

A

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins are involved in growth and development?

A & D

When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat poultry, meat, dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, cookies, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for _____________.

Celiac Disease

___________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage.

Cirrhosis of the Liver

The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death.

Clostridium botulinum

Which of the following plant oils contain a high amount of saturated fat?

Coconut oils

Which of the following practices would help a total vegetarian increase his or her iron intake from plant foods?

Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

_____ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

Eicosapentaenoic

Parathyroid hormone _________.

Enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

Inside our cells, the Acetyl CoA can be converted into pyruvate. T/F

False

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

Fatty fish and fish oils

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

Folate

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

Glucagon

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as.

Glycogen

Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?

Goblet Cells

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

HDL

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

Ileum

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health. After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class, which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.

Which of the following is not a vitamin-like compound? Inuline Carnitine Choline Inositol

Inuline

Lydia's diet lacks _____, which is classified as a trace mineral. iodine phosphorus potassium calcium

Iodine

Compared to an unsaturated fatty acid, a trans fatty acid _____.

Is less likely to undergo oxidation

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

K, Bleeding

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has.

Lactose Intolerance

_____ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.

Linoleic

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten? Millet Semolina flour Rye Graham flour

Millet

The process of digesting food begins in the ______.

Mouth

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects, and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are ______.

Placebos

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

RDN

Paul just had a cholecystectomy; which of the following dietary modifications does he need to implement?

Reduce his lipid intake

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) _____ fatty acid.

Saturated

Which of the following foods is a good source of iron? Soybeans Milk Fat-free yogurt Raw kale

Soybeans

Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch." Her ingredients include fat-free milk, cornstarch, lemon juice, egg yolks, salt, sugar, and butter. When she added some of the ingredients together, little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it. What happened to those ingredients?

The acid in the lemon juice denatured the milk proteins.

April wants to add _____ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

Walnuts

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.

Direct calorimetry measures a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. T/F

false

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing _____.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Leafy vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and tea constitute food sources of _____.

manganese

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from _________.

Water intoxication

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and _____.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Iodine is necessary for _____.

maintaining normal thyroid function

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? Gastric juice Bile Mucus Hydrochloric acid

Bile

The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

Biotin

Joshua has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

Blindness

Which of the following compounds enters the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl CoA

Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body? Valine Leucine Alanine Phenylalanine

Alanine

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an ______.

Anecdote

Which of the following statements is true? A) The EPA regulates the labeling of dietary supplement. B) The FDA can recall a dietary supplements when there is evidence that it is harmful. C) Manufacturers of dietary supplements must inform the FTC about negative health reports that may have resulted from the use of their products. D) Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed.

B

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

Beans

Consuming a high-protein diet may lead to high urine urea nitrogen. T/F

True

Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber. T/F

True

Keshan disease is a cardiomyopathy due to a deficiency in selenium. True False

True

Low blood levels of vitamin K are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. T/F

True

Phosphorus is necessary for the body to synthesize phospholipids and ATP. T/F

True

Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid are all forms of preformed vitamin A. True/False

True

Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells. T/F

True

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

Ulcerative colitis

Ashley's BMI is 16.8. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range.

Underweight

Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes______

Vegetables

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

Villi

Which of the following vitamins is not added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process? Vitamin B-6 Niacin Thiamin Folic acid

Vitamin B-6

Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin? Whole milk Pork chops Enriched bread Wheat germ

Whole Milk

Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should _____.

consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

Esther would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in 1 year. According to this information, Esther's physician will need to _________.

determine whether Esther has cancer or another chronic disease.

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should _____.

stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

In the body, lipids _____.

Help maintain cell membranes

The body uses cholesterol to make _____.

Steroid hormones

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins. B) Fat-soluble vitamins are generally more toxic than water-soluble vitamins. C) It is easier for the body to eliminate water-soluble vitamins compared to fat-soluble vitamins. D) Vitamins A, D, E, and K are digested and absorbed with fats in the gastrointestinal tract.

A

Which of the following statements is false? A) Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat. B) The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste. C) Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. D) Mucus protects the lining of the stomach.

A

Which of the following statements is true? A) Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. B) In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. C) Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. D) Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.

A

Which of the following statements is true? A) The FDA can recall a dietary supplements when there is evidence that it is harmful. B) Manufacturers of dietary supplements must inform the FTC about negative health reports that may have resulted from the use of their products. C) Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed. D) The EPA regulates the labeling of dietary supplement.

A

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ______.

A Testimonial

Which of the following statements about calcium is false? A) The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body. B) A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later. C) After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium. D) Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones

C

Which of the following statements is true? A) The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver. B) Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus. C) Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children. D) Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents.

C

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol? Chicken Broccoli Peanuts Sunflower seeds

Chicken

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he _____. A) keeps the pie chilled before serving it B) thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator C) marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade D) wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables

D

Which of the following is NOT related to a key nutrition concept? A) Malnutrition applies to obesity as well as starvation. B) Nutrition recommendations are constantly changing. C) People should consume a variety of foods in reasonable amounts and balance their calorie intake with their physical activity level. D) The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.

D

Three days after eating an undercooked hamburger patty at a picnic, Grace experienced intestinal cramps and bloody diarrhea. When Grace became too weak to walk, her roommate took her to the emergency room of a hospital. Grace required treatment for kidney failure. Based on this information, which of the following food-borne pathogens was most likely responsible for Grace's serious illness?

E. coli O157:H7

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12? Eggs Apples Whole-wheat bread Peanuts

Eggs

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, a protein molecule _____________.

Has Nitrogen in its chemical structure

The process of pasteurization involves the use of ____________.

Heat to kill pathogens

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate _____. iron calcium potassium magnesium

Iron

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

Measuring the person's waist circumference

Which of the following statements is true? A) The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation. B) Pseudoscience is the scientific study of the causation and treatment of chronic diseases. C) Registered dietitians are not required to update their knowledge of nutrition and dietetics regularly. D) In the United States, only registered dietitians can provide nutrition information legally.

A

Which of the following statements is true? A) The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. B) The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. C) The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. D) Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.

A

Which of the followings statements is true? A) Certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids. B) A saturated fatty acid has one double bond within its hydrocarbon chain. C) Trans fatty acids are naturally in many foods. D) The human body can convert simple carbohydrates into alpha-linolenic acid.

A

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

Dairy

Karen has type 2 diabetes and has been complaining that her breath has a fruity smell. Based on your knowledge about macromolecule metabolism, what will be the best explanation of her actual situation?

Due to her hyperglycemia, the process of ketosis is occurring, and the fatty acids are breaking down to form ketone bodies responsible for the fruity smell.

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to _________.

Eat breakfast daily

Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add _____ and stir the ingredients together.

Egg Yolks