Nutrition 311 Test 1 (chp 2)

Stages of nutrient deficiency

1. Inadequate intake 2. Decreased stores and tissue levels 3. Altered biochemical and physiological functions 4. Physical signs and symptoms of deficiency

Top 8 allergies from food

1. Milk 2. Eggs 3. Peanuts 4. Tree nuts 5. Fish 6. Shellfish 7. Soy 8. Wheat

Vegetables

100% vegetable juice, may be raw, cooked, fresh, frozen, canned, whole, cut up

Dietary (DRI) key recommendations:

Balancing calories Food and nutrient increase Food food component decrease Healthy eating patterns

Eating Patterns of MyPlate

Balancing calories Foods to increase Foods to reduce

Authorized Health Claims

Based on Significant scientific agreement Based on Authoritative statement Qualified Health claims

Exchange list food group v. USDA's food group

Cheese=Meat Beans and peas= 1 starch + 1 lean meat Starchy Veggies = starch

Foods to reduce

Compare soup, breads, and frozen meals and choose the foods with lower numbers Sugary drinks

Applications of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

Composition of diets for schools, hospitals, prisons.. Industries developing food.. Healthcare....

5 subgroups of vegetables

Dark green veggies Starchy veggies red & orange veggies Beans & peas other veggies

Whole grain structure (whole grain kernel)

Endosperm Bran Germ

Balancing calories

Enjoy food Portions

Nutrient Intake Recommendations

Estimated Average requirement Recommended Dietary Allowance Adequate Intake Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Energy Intake Recommendations

Estimated Energy Requirement Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

Structure of Food pyramid 1992 (from top to bottom)

Fats, oils, sweets Milk Yogurt Cheese Meat, Poultry, Eggs, Fish Vegetables/Fruits Bread, cereal, rice, pasta

Grains

Food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, cereal grain Bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, oatmeal, grits

Dairy group

Foods made from milk that retain calcium content

Exchange List

Foods sorted based on energy-nutrient content Developed by Diabetic Associations Provides method of counting calories and carbs

Structure of MyPyramid (2005)

Grains Vegetables Fruits Milk Mean & Beans

Low fat does NOT EQUAL ___ ___

Low calorie

Fruit juices are similar to soft, sports, and flavored drinks in energy density and ____ energy dense than whole fruits

MORE

Foods to increase

Make half your plates fruits and veggies Half your grains are whole grains Switch to fat free milk

1956 The basic 4 recommended 4 groups of food such as ___, ____, ___, & ____

Milk Group Meat Group Vegetable/Fruit Group Bread/Cereal Group

2 types of Dietary Reference Intakes

Nutrient Intake Recommendations Energy Intake Recommendations

What do you need on a label?

Nutrition facts List of ingredients Weight of product Manufacturer's name and address Allergy info

Comparison words

Reduced lower higher

Food groups for exchange lists

Starches Fruits Milk Vegetables Meat Fats

Estimated Energy requirements

can be used to calculate kcalories needed to ensure a stable weight in a healthy individual

Dairy foods that have little to no calcium are

cream cheese cream butter

DRI values: Recommended Dietary Allowances

daily dietary intake level of nutrient considered sufficient by the food and nutrition board to meet the requirements of 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group

Fruit juices are more nutrient ___ than soft drinks, sports drinks or fruit flavored drinks

dense

Switch to ___ free or low fat 1% milk

fat

When you have low sugar or no sugar added, ___ is sometimes added to these products

fat

select some seafood that are rich in omega 3-__ ___

fatty acids

Make __ your grains whole

half

Make ___ your plate fruits and vegetables

half

Dietary reference intakes are designed for assessing diets of ____ people

healthy

Tolerable Upper intake levels

help with prevention of nutrient toxicities

Beans and peas are ___ in fiber, folate, and potassium

high

Go ___ with protein

lean

Beans and peas are the mature forms of ___

legumes

FDA

mandates that certain things be found on all packaged food

Not whole grain products

multi grain stone ground 100% wheat cracked wheat seven grain bran

2011, MyPlate introduced the ___ food guide

newest

DRI Values: Adequate Intakes

no RDA established but amount established is somewhat less firmly believed to be adequate for everyone in demographic group

____ meats (proteins) such as hot dogs, ham, deli meats have added sodium

processed

Beans and peas provide ___, ____ , and zinc

protein iron

Dietary guidelines

set of diet and lifestyle recommendations designed to promote health and reduce chronic disease risks

When fat is lowered, ____ is increased, making calorie decrease minimal

sugar

natural

the newest buzz word, but it is not defined by the FDA. Look at the different ingredients in these 2 natural products

DRI values: Estimated Average Requirement

used to evaluate nutrient intakes of populations

Who issues basic diet guidelines for the U.S.?

United States Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)

2 subgroups of grains

Whole grains Refined grains

Today, who makes INTERNATIONAL health recommendations?

World Health Organization (WHO)

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences. It is used both the US and Canada and is intended for the general public and health professionals

2005, MyPyramid changed the shapes and arrangements of the food groups and added ____ to the graphic

activity

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

are expressed as ranges, proportions of nutrients for healthy intake

1992 Food pyramid organized food groups into pyramid shape to emphasize the relative contribution of each group- more should be consumed from the larger food groups at the ___

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