Nutrition

Which of the following is true about our food choices? Foods that are easily accessible are more likely to be eaten. Question 22 / 2 pts Which of the following statements is true about our food choices? Eating is an important part of social events. Question 32 / 2 pts Metabolism involves _____. The conversion of food into energy Question 42 / 2 pts Many factors influence what we eat, but the most important one is ____. personal taste Question 52 / 2 pts In order beginning with the top cause, the three leading causes of death in the United States are _____. Correct! heart disease, cancer, and stroke cancer, heat disease, and stroke heart disease, cancer, and diabetes diabetes, heart disease, and stroke Question 62 / 2 pts Which of the following is true about nutrition? Correct! Nutrition is the science of how nutrients affect our body functions and health. Nutrition is influenced mainly by our genes. Long-term nutrient imbalances have little effect on our overall health. Nutrition plays a small role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Question 72 / 2 pts Nutrients that provide energy include ____. proteins, fats, and minerals proteins, vitamins, and minerals proteins, vitamins, and minerals Correct! Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats Question 82 / 2 pts Which of the following is true about the role of water in the body? Correct! water helps maintain body temperature water inhibits chemical reactions water is a source of energy water transports waste products to the cells Question 92 / 2 pts Which one of the following statements about calories is true? carbohydrates contain 9 calories per gram Correct! proteins provide 4 calories per gram fats contain 4 calories per gram both proteins and fats provide 9 calories per gram Question 102 / 2 pts Vitamins, minerals, and water are important for ___. metabolism and proper utilization of carbohydrates and fats metabolism and proper utilization of fats and proteins metabolism and proper utilization of carbohydrates and protein Correct! metabolism and proper utilization of carbohydrates fats, and protein Question 112 / 2 pts A healthy adult diet should contain approximately the following percentages of protein and water. Correct! 20, 60 15, 55 25, 65 10, 50 Question 122 / 2 pts Which of the following are nonnutrient compounds from plants that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases? carbohydrates minerals vitamins Correct! phytochemicals Question 132 / 2 pts Why is eating a variety of foods important? choosing a variety of foods avoid excessive nutrient intake it helps to maintain a healthy weight it provides adequate energy for growth and development Correct! no single food can provide all the required nutrients for optimal health Question 142 / 2 pts Which of the following is true about dietary supplements? dietary supplements can replace a well-balanced diet people with lactose intolerance must take a calcium supplement dietary supplements are required to decrease risk of chronic disease Correct! some people benefit from taking a supplement if food alone can't meet their needs Question 152 / 2 pts Americans today consume excessive amounts of ___. vegetables Correct! Sugar fruit whole grains Question 162 / 2 pts The average American diet is low in ____. sodium, iron, and fiber Correct! vitamin D, calcium, and fiber B vitamins, calcium, and fiber potassium, saturated fat and fiber Question 172 / 2 pts Which of the following is true about experimental research studies? they are rarely controversial they must first experiment on laboratory animals they must be double-blind, placebo-controlled studies Correct! they involve at least two groups of subjects Question 182 / 2 pts Which of the following is a credible source of nutrition information? the clerk at the health food store the internet your classmate Correct! a registered dietitian

Ch. 1

Which of the following pathogens can cause foodborne illnesses? Viruses bacteria parasites Correct! all of the answers are correct Question 21 / 1 pts Which of the following statements is not a reason older adults are at greater risk of contracting foodborne illnesses? Correct! They eat a greater variety of foods their immune systems have undergone age-related deterioration their stomachs produce less gastric juices none of the answers are correct Question 31 / 1 pts The most common type of virus that causes foodborne illness is the Correct! norovirus poliovirus tobacco mosaic virus cytomegalovirus Question 41 / 1 pts An individual who ate home-canned beans and several hours later experienced double vision and trouble speaking likely has Hepatitis hemolytic uremic syndrome Correct! botulism mad cow disease Question 50 / 1 pts Which of the following pathogens is responsible for foodborne illness in individuals who have eaten raw or undercooked eggs, poultry and meat, raw milk, and dairy products? Shigella Clostridium perfringens Correct Answer Salmonella You Answered Listeria monocytogenes Question 61 / 1 pts Traveler's diarrhea is primarily caused by consuming Raw shellfish Correct! stool-contaminated water and foods hot dogs sushi Question 71 / 1 pts Guillain-Barre syndrome is a form of diarrhea contracted after accidental consumption of the parasitic roundworm Trichinella spiralis a form of diarrhea transmitted by reptiles Correct! a nerve disease that can occur after contracting a Campylobacter infection a condition that typically leads to kidney failure Question 81 / 1 pts The agency responsible for ensuring safe and accurately labeled meat, poultry, and eggs is the Correct! USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service Food and Drug Administration Environmental Protection Agency Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Question 91 / 1 pts Which of the following pathogens can be contracted by consuming raw or undercooked contaminated ground beef and can result in acute kidney failure in small children and elderly adults? Giardia duodenalis hepatitis A Salmonella enteritidis Correct! E. Coli Question 101 / 1 pts Which of the following government agencies is responsible for regulating pesticides? the FDA Correct! the EPA the USDA All of the answers are correct Question 111 / 1 pts Foods labeled "Free Range" require producers to demonstrate that the animal was allowed access to the outdoors For a minimum of 2 hours each day at least once a week for at least 5 hours each day Correct! no specific time period to have access to the outdoors is specified Question 121 / 1 pts If a food label says "Organic" and/or displays the USDA Organic seal, then the food Contains at least 70 percent organic ingredients is composed entirely of organic ingredients Correct! contains at least 95 percent organic ingredients contains less than 70 percent organic ingredients Question 131 / 1 pts The U.S. government donates surplus, unsold foods grown and raised on U.S. farms to run the National School Lunch Program Summer Food Service Program Child and Adult Care Food Program Correct! All of the answers are correct Question 141 / 1 pts ________ is the application of biological techniques to living cells to alter their genetic makeup. Biocytology Correct! biotechnology biochemistry biotoxicology Question 151 / 1 pts A sustainable food system is one that is equitable socially environmentally friendly economically viable Correct! All of the answers are correct Question 161 / 1 pts Cows are injected with hormones in order to increase weight gain increase milk production increase meat produciton Correct! All of the answers are correct Question 171 / 1 pts The "Know Your Farmer Know Your Food (KYF2)" initiative is sponsored by Correct! the USDA the FDA Future Farmers of America the WHO Question 181 / 1 pts The "Americanization" of many food cultures around the world is the cause of a growing problem with infections arthritis Correct! obesity asthma Question 191 / 1 pts More than 70 percent of the ________ grown in the United States is used to make food products for human consumption. Correct! wheat corn soybeans rice Question 201 / 1 pts Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population is employed in the agribusiness sector? 10 % Correct! 5 % 15 % 25 % Question 211 / 1 pts What percentage of the average American's income is spent on what he or she eats today? less than 5% Correct! less than 10% 20% over 25% Question 221 / 1 pts Which of the following factors is a challenge faced by present-day farmers? competition with other farmers consumers' demands for low food prices the high costs of farming Correct! All of the answers are correct Question 231 / 1 pts A growing trend in food advertising is to make the product very cheap Correct! market heavily to young adults package the products in bright colors target older adults Question 241 / 1 pts What percentage of an American's food comes from outside the United States? 7% 13% Correct! 17% 23%

Ch. 12 & 13

A healthy diet includes the key principles of ____. balance and variety balance, variety, and functional foods Correct! balance, variety, and moderation of nutrient-dense foods ULs from a variety of sources Question 22 / 2 pts The main tools that can help plan a healthy diet are _____. Correct! Dietary Guidelines for Americans, DRIs, MyPlate, and Nutrition Facts Dietary Guidelines for Americans, EAR, nutrition claims, and functional foods Dietary Guidelines for Americans, DRIs, USDA, and functional foods DRIs, MyPlate, functional foods, and health claims Question 32 / 2 pts The average amount of a nutrient that is known to meet the needs of 50% of persons in a similar age range and gender group is the ____. Adequate Intake (AI) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Correct! Estimated Average Requirement Question 42 / 2 pts The highest amount of a nutrient unlikely to cause harm when eaten daily is called ______. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Correct! Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) Estimated Average Requirement Question 52 / 2 pts The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of ____ percent of a healthy population group. at least 50 50 to 75 at least 75 Correct! 97 to 98 Question 62 / 2 pts The main goal of the Dietary Guidelines for Americansemphasizes _____. Scientific research Correct! prevention of chronic disease milk consumption prolonging life Question 72 / 2 pts The ingredients are listed on a food label in ____. Correct! descending order by weight descending order by volume ascending order by weight ascending order by volume Question 82 / 2 pts Daily Values are based on a ____-calorie diet. 1,500 1,800 Correct! 2,000 No answer text provided. Question 92 / 2 pts Foods that have a positive effect on health beyond providing basic nutrients are called _____. Magic foods health foods Correct! functional foods organic foods Question 102 / 2 pts which of the following is an example of a phytochemical? vitamin D ascorbic acid Correct! beta-carotene folic acid Question 112 / 2 pts Peristalsis is part of ____. the electrolyte system chemical digestion Correct! mechanical digestion absorption Question 122 / 2 pts The ____ protects the trachea while swallowing. sphincter tongue pharynx Correct! epiglottis Question 132 / 2 pts The fingerlike projections that cover the walls of the small intestine ____. enhances peristalsis prolong digestion Correct! increase its surface area inhibit nutrient absorption Question 142 / 2 pts The primary organ for digestions and absorption is the ___. large intestine Correct! small intestine mouth stomach Question 152 / 2 pts Foods that leave the stomach the fastest are those that are high in ____. protein fiber Correct! sugar fat Question 162 / 2 pts The mixture that leaves the stomach for the small intestine is called ____. Correct! chyme gastrine chyle bolus Question 172 / 2 pts ____ is made in the liver, is stored in the gallbladder, and emulsifies fat for digestion. gastrin pepsin chyme Correct! bile Question 182 / 2 pts chemicals that break down food into nutrient components to be absorbed are called ___. electrolytes bile acids Correct! enzymes hormones Question 192 / 2 pts The hormone gastrin is released in response to _____. Correct! the presence of food in the stomach peristalsis activity activation of pepsin contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter Question 202 / 2 pts What nutrient must enter the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream? glucose amino acids Correct! fat alcohol Question 212 / 2 pts What organ produces insulin? gallbladder Correct! pancreas liver stomach Question 222 / 2 pts Dysphagia can lead to _____. digestive problems malabsorption overnutrition Correct! malnutrition

Ch. 2 & 3

The primary source of energy for the body is _____. vitamins Correct! glucose protein fat Question 22 / 2 pts The storage form of glucose in the body is ____. starch fiber glucagon Correct! glycogen Question 32 / 2 pts Starch is a ____. Correct! polysaccharide monosaccharide trisaccharide disaccharide Question 42 / 2 pts Digestion of a carbohydrate begins in the ___. stomach small intestine Correct! mouth pancreas Question 52 / 2 pts Glucose _______. is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas Correct! is the form of sugar that is absorbed into the bloodstream is a digestive enzyme is digested into polysaccharides and disaccharides Question 62 / 2 pts Which hormone directs glucose into the cells? Correct! insulin glycogen glucagon disaccharide Question 72 / 2 pts When the diet is deficient in carbohydrates, the body will ____. store fat make new glucose from carbon dioxide and water Correct! form ketone bodies have more energy Question 80 / 2 pts The breakdown of glycogen is called ____. Correct Answer glygogenolysis glycaemia glycogenesis You Answered glyconeogenesis Question 92 / 2 pts The minimum of ____ grams of carbohydrates is recommended to provide adequate glucose to the brain. 60 Correct! 130 180 220 Question 102 / 2 pts What is the number one source of added sugars in United States? sweetened cereals Correct! sweetened sodas desserts candy Question 112 / 2 pts The building blocks of lipids are ___. Correct! fatty acids glycerol amino acids ketone bodies Question 122 / 2 pts When each carbon is bonded with two hydrogen atoms, the chain is ___ with hydrogen. filled occupied Correct! saturated emulsified Question 132 / 2 pts The structure of a triglyceride consists of ___. three glycerol molecules with a fatty acid backbone Correct! three fatty acids with a glycerol back bone one fatty acid with a two-glycerol backbone two fatty acids with a glycerol backbone Question 142 / 2 pts The majority of fat digestion occurs in the ___. large intestine Correct! small intestine stomach mouth Question 152 / 2 pts To promote fat digestion, the gallbladder releases ___ into the small intestine. lecithin lipase Correct! bile micelles Question 162 / 2 pts ___ enter the lymph and need transport carriers to circulate in the bloodstream. short-chain fatty acids all fatty acids micelles Correct! long-chain fatty acids Question 172 / 2 pts ____ helps to remove cholesterol from the cells and delivers it to the liver. chylomicron very-low-density-lipoprotein low-density-lipoprotein Correct! high-density-lipoprotein Question 182 / 2 pts Fats in foods significantly contribute to ____. color, taste, utilization of proteins, and nutrient density Correct! texture, flavor, satiety, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins texture, flavor, nutritional genomics, and proportionality color, taste, and absorption of vitamins Question 192 / 2 pts Trans fats are to be avoided becuase they ___. decrease LDL cholesterol Correct! increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol increase LDL cholesterol decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol Question 202 / 2 pts Most trans fats are created through the process of _____. transgenation lipogenation Correct! hydrogenation phospholysis Question 212 / 2 pts Heart disease develops when coronary arteries ___. narrow due to build-up of eicosapentaenoic acids and other substances along their walls narrow due to build-up of DHAs and other substances along their walls narrow due to build-up of HDLs and other substances along their walls Correct! narrow due to build-up of LDLs and other substances along their walls Question 222 / 2 pts A lifestyle change that helps decrease the risk of heart disease is to consume ___. fewer dairy products Correct! less trans fats a more animal-based diet cholesterol-rich foods

Ch. 4 & 5

Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in a living cells are called Correct! proteins peptides peptones dipeptides Question 22 / 2 pts Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following factors? cold Correct! acid fats carbohydrates Question 32 / 2 pts The type of RNA that carries an amino acid to a ribosome is mRNA rRNA Correct! tRNA dRNA Question 42 / 2 pts Which of the following molecules is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues? antibody hemoglobin insulin Correct! collagen Question 52 / 2 pts Which of the following states of nitrogen balance is a pregnant woman typically in? Correct! positive nitrogen balance nitrogen equilibrium negative nitrogen balance double-positive nitrogen balance Question 62 / 2 pts The average adult (age 19 and older) should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight (g/kg)? 8.0 0.6 1.8 Correct! 0.8 Question 70 / 2 pts An overweight individual's protein needs are You Answered much greater than those of a normal-weight person of similar height lower than those of a normal-weight person of similar height Correct Answer not much greater than those of a normal-weight person of similar heright twice that of a normal-weight person of similar height Question 82 / 2 pts Which of the following factors does not lead to PEM? poverty not being breast-fed long enough poor food quality Correct! obesity Question 92 / 2 pts proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions are Correct! enzymes antibodies hormones buffers Question 102 / 2 pts Proteins that minimize fluctuations in pH are known as enzymes antibody hormones Correct! buffers Question 112 / 2 pts Denaturation of a protein results in the removal of amino acids Correct! alterations in the protein's function tighter folding of the protein binding of amino acids Question 122 / 2 pts An ovo-vegetarian will eat all of the following except Correct! cheese apples bagels omelet Question 132 / 2 pts Which of the following conditions is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein? marasmus type 2 diabetes Correct! kwashiorkor obesity Question 142 / 2 pts The absorption of amino acids occurs in the mouth stomach Correct! small intestine large intestine Question 152 / 2 pts Amino acids are joined together by which kind of bond? hydrogen bond glycosidic bond glucogenic bond Correct! peptide bond Question 162 / 2 pts After a meal, proteins help increase ___ more than they do either carbohydrates or fat. thirst hunger Correct! satiety nausea Question 172 / 2 pts The amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein is known as the completed amino acid Correct! limiting amino acid profile amino acid scarce amino acid Question 180 / 2 pts The protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes into account both the amino acid profile and the ___ of a protein. You Answered quality Correct Answer digestability completeness limits Question 192 / 2 pts A starving person would be in ___ nitrogen balance. Correct! negative positive equal excessive Question 202 / 2 pts An amino acid that can be synthesized in the body is considered to be complementary essential Correct! nonessential conditional

Ch. 6

Which of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect? they are tasteless they are organic compounds Correct! they provide energy they are needed for growth Question 21 / 1 pts Which of the following vitamins is transported in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids? vitamin C naicin riboflavin Correct! vitamin A Question 31 / 1 pts Which of the following conditions will not destroy the vitamin content of foods? Correct! cold heat water air Question 41 / 1 pts Which of the following vitamins is light sensitive and abundant in milk? Correct! riboflavin alpha-tocopherol vitamin C thiamin Question 51 / 1 pts Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting? Vitamin D Correct! Vitamin K Vitamin C Vitamin A Question 61 / 1 pts Which of the following vitamins is important in a woman's diet before she conceives a baby? pantothenic acid vitaminD riboflavin Correct! folate Question 71 / 1 pts Which of the following conditions is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children? osteomalacia osteoporosis Correct! rickets beriberi Question 81 / 1 pts Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body? vitamin D Vitamin K Biotin Correct! Vitamin C Question 91 / 1 pts Which of the following actions is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold? Correct! frequent hand-washing with soap and water consuming the herb echinacea taking vitamin C supplements avoiding outside activities on very cold days Question 101 / 1 pts Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is false/ Its naturally occurring form is found only in foods from animal sources For its absorption to occur, intrinsic factor is required Correct! The body's ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age When it is deficient in the diet, pernicious anemia may result Question 111 / 1 pts Which of the following people might not benefit from a vitamin supplement? women of childbearing age individuals who don't drink milk or go out in the sun strict vegetarians Correct! individuals who regularly eat fortified foods Question 121 / 1 pts At which sites is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form? in the blood and then in the skin Correct! in the liver and then in the kidneys in the stomach and then in the small intestine in the liver and then in the gallbladder Question 131 / 1 pts Vitamin K has a role as an antigoagulant Correct! in enabling osteocalcin to bind with calcium in bones in the production of the proteins rhodopsin and idopsin in the synthesis of collagen Question 141 / 1 pts Oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of certain chronic diseases are called antioxidants phytochemicals supplements Correct! free radicals Question 151 / 1 pts which of the following statements is correct? water acts as a solvent within the body water is a main component of the blood water is used to regulate body temperature Correct! All of these statements are correct Question 161 / 1 pts The condition known as hyponatremia is a severe form of dehydration a problem resulting from eating too much food during a race Correct! the presence of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids the presence of too much potassium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids Question 171 / 1 pts Which of the following substances is a major mineral? fluoride Correct! potassium iron zinc Question 181 / 1 pts The body on an average healthy adult is approximately ___ percent water. 40-50 Correct! 50-60 60-70 70-80 Question 191 / 1 pts Which of the following actions may not help reduce blood pressure? losing excess weight drinking less alcohol following the DASH diet Correct! increasing sodium intake Question 201 / 1 pts Which of the following statements regarding potassium is correct? a potassium deficiency can result from vomiting and/or diarrhea low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness high-protein, low-vegetable/fruit diets may cause a potassium deficiency Correct! All the answers are correct Question 211 / 1 pts About two-thirds of the ___ in the body is found in hemoglobin. molybdenum zinc Correct! iron chromium Question 221 / 1 pts The most common nutritional disorder in the world is potassium deficiency magnesium deficiency calcium deficiency Correct! iron deficiency Question 231 / 1 pts ___ toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease. chloride sodium Correct! manganese selenium Question 241 / 1 pts Which of the following elements is a major mineral of bone? selenium Correct! calcium sodium iron Question 251 / 1 pts Which of the following conditions is commonly known as high blood pressure? hypokalemia hyponatremia Correct! hypertension hemochromatosis

Ch. 7 & 8

Moderate alcohol consumption is no more than ________ alcoholic drink(s) daily for adult women and up to ________ drink(s) daily for adult men. 2; 3 Correct! 1; 2 1; 1 1; 3 Question 22 / 2 pts Alcohol is metabolized primarily in the small intestine. Correct! liver. stomach. pancreas. Question 32 / 2 pts A blood alcohol concentration above ________ will often result in death. 0.11 Correct! 0.41 0.21 0.31 Question 42 / 2 pts Which of the following areas of the brain is affected first by alcohol? Correct! cerebral cortex All of these areas are affected at the same time. brain stem cerebellum Question 52 / 2 pts Drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption and/or use of protein. Correct! All of the answers are correct. zinc. fat-soluble vitamins. Question 62 / 2 pts Which of the following conditions is the second stage of alcoholic liver disease? fatty liver gastritis Correct! alcohol hepatitis cirrhosis Question 72 / 2 pts Endotoxin, released by bacteria in the intestines, can cause the liver to release damaging compounds called Correct! cytokines. acetaldehydes. congeners. free radicals. Question 82 / 2 pts Which of the following statements regarding the third stage of alcoholic liver disease is incorrect? Liver cells die. Scar tissue is formed Correct! It is reversible. It is also known as cirrhosis. Question 92 / 2 pts Approximately how many college students die every year from binge drinking? 1,300 700 800 Correct! 1,825 Question 102 / 2 pts For adults in the United States, the legal limit for driving is a blood alcohol content of 0.20 Correct! 0.08. 0.10. 0.04. Question 112 / 2 pts Which of the following substances, when consumed during and after alcohol consumption, has been shown to cause liver damage in some cases? Correct! acetaminophen ibuprofen endotoxin caffeine Question 122 / 2 pts Which of the following body systems in the fetus is seriously damaged when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol? reproductive respiratory Correct! nervous gastrointestinal Question 132 / 2 pts Which of the following blood alcohol concentrations is most likely the BAC of an adult male who bumps into people and has uncoordinated movements and blurry vision? Correct! 0.06 to 0.10 0.31 to 0.40 0.01 to 0.05 0.11 to 0.20 Question 142 / 2 pts Which of the following conditions has occurred when the body's BAC levels rise to extreme levels and breathing and heart rate are interrupted? Correct! alcohol poisoning FAS alcoholism alcohol tolerance Question 152 / 2 pts Which of the following terms describes a person who continues to drink even though it causes that person social, legal, and/or health problems? alcohol intolerance Correct! alcohol use disorder alcohol tolerance FASDs Question 162 / 2 pts Which of the following substances are compounds in alcohol that may contribute to hangover symptoms? fermenters acetaldehydes alcohol dehydrogenases Correct! congeners Question 172 / 2 pts In which of the following processes does yeast convert sugars in fruit into ethanol? metabolization distillation Correct! fermentation congenation Question 182 / 2 pts Which of the following compounds is an alcohol-metabolizing enzyme found in the stomach and liver? Correct! alcohol dehydrogenase aspartate aminotransferase aspartate transaminase acetaldehyde Question 190 / 2 pts Which of the following terms is a system of enzymes in the liver that becomes more active as alcohol levels in the liver rise? You Answered alcohol dehydrogenases acetaldehydes amylases Correct Answer MEOS Question 202 / 2 pts The majority of ingested alcohol is absorbed in the liver. stomach. large intestine Correct! small intestine.

Ch. 9