Nutrition
chylomicron
carry lipids from the small intestine during absorption.
The LEAST dense lipoprotein is:
chylomicron.
Lipids need _____ to be transported from the intestine to the cells.
chylomicrons
What change in the structure of dietary lipids results in those lipids being harmful to health?
conversion of cis fatty acids to trans fatty acids Trans fatty acids are associated with increased risk of heart disease.
Which of these lipids must be digested further to be absorbed?
diglycerides
Which of these fatty acids is abundant in fatty fish? docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) linoleic acid linolenic acid trans fatty acid
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
We are able to convert linolenic acid into hormone-like compounds called:
eicosanoids. Eicosanoids decrease inflammation and blood clotting.
The _____ stores bile acids.
gallbladder
What are laboratory tests that measure cholesterol levels in the blood trying to determine?
heart disease risk
If a fatty acid is chemically modified to make it less unsaturated, this will change the number of _____ atoms in the molecule.
hydrogen The degree of saturation refers to the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
Which enzyme breaks down triglycerides in the capillaries of adipose tissue?
lipoprotein lipase Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids.
What clinical indicator can be used to monitor the amount of lipid in the blood?
lipoproteins
Which food contains the LEAST amount of cholesterol? fish eggs oil-roasted peanuts cheese
oil-roasted peanuts
When _____ fatty acids are consumed, the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids increases.
omega-3
A fatty acid that is 18 carbons long and contains its first double bond at the third carbon molecule from the methyl end is called an:
omega-3 fatty acid
Which type of lipid is considered non-essential?
phospholipids
One of the main differences between triglycerides and phospholipids is that: phospholipids have one less fatty acid. phospholipids are lacking a water-soluble head group. phospholipids are less soluble in water. phospholipids do not have a glycerol backbone.
phospholipids have one less fatty acid.
The density of a lipoprotein refers to the amount of _____ it contains.
protein
Which food would increase the production of inflammatory eicosanoids?
salad dressing Salad dressing is high in omega-6 fatty acids.
Which food would increase the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids?
salmon Salmon is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acid.
Fatty acids with no double bonds are called _____ fatty acids.
saturated
Which term on the food label can tell you the amount of unhealthy fat in a food product?
saturated fat
The term "tropical oils" in the food label would indicate the presence of which type of fat?
saturated fatty acids Coconut oil contains 94 percent saturated fat.
Which lipid has a unique structure?
sterols Cholesterol is a dietary lipid that does not contain fatty acids.
The enzyme that digests the majority of triglycerides is produced by:
the pancreas
What are two functions of phospholipids in the body?
to aid in the digestion of lipids and to form cell membranes
_____ is an omega-3 polyunsaturated, essential fatty acid.
Linolenic acid Linolenic acid is an omega-3 essential fatty acid.
If there are 250 calories per serving and 125 of those calories are from fat, then _____ percent of the calories are from fat.
50
Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol back to the liver for use in making bile acids?
HDL
Which of the following would decrease dramatically if triglycerides in VLDL were not broken down? LDL micelles chylomicrons HDL
LDL
Having more _____ cholesterol in the blood increases the risk of heart disease.
LDL LDL is considered the "bad cholesterol"
Which diet was recently designed to specifically include foods that have proven cognitive benefits?
MIND The MIND diet incorporates foods from the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet.
Which statement BEST compares the functions of essential fatty acids? All essential fatty acids increase LDL cholesterol. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease heart disease risk, whereas omega-6 fatty acids promote blood clotting and inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids increase heart disease risk, whereas omega-6 fatty acids decrease heart disease risk. There are no health benefits of consuming omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids.
Omega-3 fatty acids decrease heart disease risk, whereas omega-6 fatty acids promote blood clotting and inflammation.
To which compound(s) would linolenic acid be converted in the body? anti-inflammatory eicosanoids arachidonic acid LDL cholesterol pro-inflammatory eicosanoids
anti-inflammatory eicosanoids Linolenic acid converts to DHA and EPA.