Nutrition

What is true of dietary reference intake

1. Food labels must include information about the dietary reference intakes on them 2. They differ depending on age and gender.(dietary reference intakes depend on age and gender)

What is an appropriate use of Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range when evaluating the appropriateness of a snack food?

50% of calories from fat is too much. (the AMDR for carbohydrate is 45 to 65% of daily calories; 10 to 35% for protein, and 20 to 35% for fat. (RDA is for things like vitamins and minerals. AMDR is the recommended range of intake for macronutrients).

What is the Dietary Reference Intake (recommended daily amount of protein intake)?

60g/day. (Or 0.8 grams/kilogram of body weight per day.)

There is a current initiative for more transparent labeling of sugars on nutrition fact labels. In the coming years, which of these might be more obviously labeled sugars? choose all that apply.

Anything ending in-ose (lactose, maltose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, fructose) and Honey

What strategy might be avoided due to expense for patients looking to eat more healthfully on a budget?

Buying frozen meals (budget for healthy diet - buying canned vegetables in bulk, buying only the amount of fresh vegetables that can be eaten at the time, buying vegetables whole and preparing and trimming them at home, grow vegetables and herbs at home, buy only vegetables in season).

Which foods are relatively rich in iron? choose all that apply

Dark leafy greens, legumes, red meat, nuts

Which of these are protective against heart disease?

Fiber, HDL cholesterol

What are generally considered healthy fat?

Fish, nuts, olive oil

Select foods that would be inappropriate for a patient with kidney disease?

Fried eggs, Hot dogs, Steak (too much protein can be dangerous for people with kidney disease. Proteins are metabolized into ketones and that stresses out the kidneys.)

What is the nutritional benefit of fruits and vegetables?

Fruit and vegetables provide nutrients that reduce the risk of some types of cancer. (This includes fiber and a variety of what we call phytonutrients)

What is FALSE regarding fruits and vegetables in the diet?

Fruits and vegetables are rich in B12. (Fruit and vegetables do not contain vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is not found in plant foods. Nutritional yeast and bacteria are rich in B12. People should get 9 servings per day, increasing the amount of colorful vegetables reduces the risk of stroke, diets high in fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of some cancers. Vitamin b12 is most rich in bacteria and fungi.

What is true about dietary recommendation for whole grain intake?

Half of all whole grains consumed should be whole grain products.

What is true of choose my plate .gov recommendations as presented by their setting place graphic?

Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables. (it is graphic, replaced the food pyramid. They are high in fiber, high in vitamins and mineral, low in calories)

What is an appropriate dietary intervention to address a patient's low albumin level?

High protein diet. (Albumin is a protein)

What condition is DASH DIET designed to address?

Hypertension (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

Which are linked to increase heart disease risk?

LDL, trans fat, saturated fats

What is the best choice of plant based foods to maximize healthy diet in a vegetarian diet?

Legume+ whole grain

A healthful diet contains nutrient intake near what amount?

RDA

When nutrition advocates became concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevention of chronic diet related diseases, what policy change were made?

Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) were expanded into several DRI (Dietary Reference Intake) categories.

What is always found on a nutrition label in the US?

Serving size

Which statement is true about planning a balanced meal?

Skim milk has roughly the same amount of calcium and protein as whole milk.

Which factors are important in controlling hypertension?

Sodium below 1600, daily exercise such as half an hour walk, healthy weight-BMI below 25

Which is the reason that seafood can be considered a healthful diet?

Some seafood is high in heart healthy omega 3 oils

What is NOT a common source of high sodium?

Spices and herbs

How is Estimated Average Requirement (EAR which is part of DRI) commonly used?

To guide recommendations and menu planning for communities, in combination with upper intake levels. (Use RDA when planning for yourself or family, and EAR for large community groups) Ear is Statistical Data

What is true of recommendations concerning trans fat and added sugar intake?

Trans fat and added sugar intake should be minimized. There is no DRI (Dietary Reference Intake) value.

What is the best vegetarian source of iron from the options provided?

beans

Which list contains all examples of protein?

garbanzo beans, egg, chicken breast, yogurt, cheese, ground beef, peanut butter, tofu

Which carbohydrate will cause a quick return to hunger?

one with a higher glycemic index (a higher glycemic index provokes a spike in blood sugar)

What is meant by torelable upper intake level?

the highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans. Ensures that people do not take harmful amount of something. (DRI AI is adequate intake, DRI UL is tolerable upper intake level)