Nutrition Ch. 1 and 2

Nutrition Facts labels include information about which vitamins? a) A & C b) A & E c) A & D d) C & D

a) A & C

____________ are used when not enough information is available to establish an EAR for a particular nutrient. a) AIs b) DRIs c) RDAs d) ULs

a) AIs

Which of the following yields energy but is not considered a nutrient? a) Alcohol b) Carbohydrate c) Fat d) Protein

a) Alcohol

Which is NOT an anthropometric measurement? a) Blood glucose level b) Height c) Weight in kilograms d) Wrist circumference

a) Blood glucose level

How is the order in which ingredients are listed on a food label determined? a) By contribution to total weight b) By contribution to total volume c) By nutrient density d) In alphabetical order

a) By contribution to total weight

Nutrition Facts labels contain information about which minerals? a) Calcium and iron b) Calcium and zinc c) Iron and magnesium d) Iron and zinc

a) Calcium and iron

The amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the needs of 50% of people in the same gender and life stage group is the: a) EAR. b) RAE. c) AI. d) RDA.

a) EAR.

Which is NOT a goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? a) Prescribing what a person should eat each day b) Prevention of nutrient deficiencies c) Promotion of healthful eating d) Reduction of chronic diseases

a) Prescribing what a person should eat each day

Which statement about dietary supplements is true? a) The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement. b) All dietary supplements are produced according to the same strict laws that govern drug manufacturing. c) All dietary supplements must be approved by the FDA to ensure safety and effectiveness. d) Dietary supplements cannot be removed from the market once they are introduced.

a) The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the MyPlate web site? a) The tools on the web site are only applicable to a 2000 kcal dietary requirement. b) Nutrition information can be personalized for individuals. c) The website allows individuals to analyze their diets for energy and nutrient intake. d) The website is of little use to those Americans without internet access.

a) The tools on the web site are only applicable to a 2000 kcal dietary requirement.

Which of the following conditions does NOT represent a state of malnutrition? a) Weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity. b) Vitamin A toxicity as a result of excessive intake of vitamin supplements. c) Osteoporosis as a result of long-term inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. d) Overweight status as a result of regular ingestion of large portions of energy-dense foods.

a) Weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity.

To manage weight and prevent unhealthy weight gain, the MyPlate guide recommends: a) a minimum of 150 minutes of activity weekly. b) 30 minutes most days of the week. c) 60 minutes 3 days of the week. d) 75-100 minutes of vigorous activity every 10 days.

a) a minimum of 150 minutes of activity weekly.

An adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if: a) an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements. b) the individual cannot absorb nutrients efficiently. c) the individual's diet is not varied enough. d) the individual overeats a particular food.

a) an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements.

Eating turkey on Thanksgiving is an example of making a food choice based on: a) cultural and family background. b) personal preference. c) availability. d) psychological and emotional factors.

a) cultural and family background.

The descriptor, Healthy, can legally be used on a food product when the product contains adequate levels of at least one selected nutrient and is low in: a) fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol. b) fat, fiber and protein. c) fat, sugar and cholesterol. d) fat, sodium and protein.

a) fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol.

Empty calories are: a) from added sugars and/or solid fats. b) contributed by junk foods and are completely banned in a healthy diet. c) suggested to be limited to ≤ 50% of the kcals in a healthy diet. d) the kcals consumed when an eating plan other than MyPlate is followed.

a) from added sugars and/or solid fats.

Food Disappearance Surveys are used to identify: a) general trends in food intake among a population. b) processing losses. c) at-risk groups in the population. d) marketing trends.

a) general trends in food intake among a population.

The purpose of the AMDRs is to: a) make recommendations for the proportions of fats, carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet. b) inform people how to choose from all the different food groups. c) allow individuals to calculate their energy needs and to determine how their diet meets these needs. d) encourage individuals to make healthy food choices.

a) make recommendations for the proportions of fats, carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet.

The recommendation of moderation in healthy diets: a) means limiting portion sizes and choosing nutrient-dense foods. b) means choosing nutrient dense foods as often as energy-dense foods. c) relates to consuming moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates. d) All of these statements are true.

a) means limiting portion sizes and choosing nutrient-dense foods.

The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called: a) nutrigenomics. b) genetic nutritional variation. c) nutritional genomic analysis. d) nutrient gene factor identification.

a) nutrigenomics.

Recommended Dietary Allowances were first published in which decade? a) 1920s b) 1940s c) 1960s d) 1980s

b) 1940s

The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for a selected nutrient would meet the needs of approximately what percentage of individuals in a population? a) 33% b) 50% c) 75% d) 99%

b) 50%

Which is typically not found on a Nutrition Facts label? a) Calories from fat b) Calories per serving as compared to comparable products c) Percent daily values for key nutrients d) Serving size

b) Calories per serving as compared to comparable products

Which health claim on a food label is NOT allowed? a) Diets low in fat and rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of some types of cancer. b) Diets rich in vitamin C will reduce the incidence of colds and flu. c) Adequate calcium intake throughout life helps maintain bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. d) Diets high in sodium may increase the risk of high blood pressure in some people.

b) Diets rich in vitamin C will reduce the incidence of colds and flu.

Which of the following statements about the typical American diet is true? a) Intake of whole grains is above the recommended level and less energy is consumed than expended. b) Intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed than expended. c) Intake of fiber is adequate and intake of fruits and vegetables is less than recommended. d) Intake of fiber is low and fruit and vegetable intake is above recommended levels.

b) Intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed than expended.

Which is TRUE regarding Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)? a) For some groups, there is an established benefit of consuming nutrients at this level. b) It is a not a recommended level for consumption. c) Consuming nutrients at this level will probably cause adverse health effects. d) The UL is set at the level of intake that causes adverse effects in 5% of the population .

b) It is a not a recommended level for consumption.

Where do most people in the U.S. get their nutrition information? a) Dietitians b) Mass media, i.e., television, magazines and newspapers c) Physicians d) Talk radio

b) Mass media, i.e., television, magazines and newspapers

Which is the FALSE statement regarding the MyPlate guidelines? a) No matter your caloric requirements, MyPlate can be effectively used as a guide for eating. b) MyPlate Daily Food Plan does NOT include recommendations for physical activity. c) The amount of the plate covered by each food group is proportional to the amount each group should contribute to a healthy diet. d) MyPlate emphasizes proportionality, variety, moderation and nutrient density.

b) MyPlate Daily Food Plan does NOT include recommendations for physical activity.

The nutritional analysis of a diet that follows The MyPlate recommendations would most closely resemble which DRI group? a) EARs b) RDAs c) AIs d) ULs

b) RDAs

Which of the following is true regarding "qualified" health claims? a) They result from significant scientific agreement. b) They must be accompanied by a statement of explanation. c) Their use on food labels does not require FDA approval. d) They can only be used on dietary supplements.

b) They must be accompanied by a statement of explanation.

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is: a) an herbal supplement. b) a phytochemical. c) an enzyme. d) a zoochemical.

b) a phytochemical.

The variables used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements include: a) age, BMI, weight and gender. b) age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity level. c) physical activity level, gender and BMI. d) gender, age, weight, physical activity level and proportions of kcals consumed as fats.

b) age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity level.

A question such as "Who does the grocery shopping in your house?" would most appropriately be included in a: a) 24-hour recall. b) diet history. c) food frequency questionnaire. d) food record.

b) diet history.

Under-nutrition does not include: a) starvation reflecting a deficiency of energy. b) eating too much saturated fat. c) the deficient intake of single nutrients. d) the inability to absorb a particular nutrient.

b) eating too much saturated fat.

Analysis of blood can be used to determine: a) what someone ate the previous day. b) glucose and cholesterol levels. c) an individual's overall nutritional status. d) bone mineral density.

b) glucose and cholesterol levels.

Exchange lists: a) are the basis of MyPlate. b) group foods according to macronutrient and energy content. c) simplify MyPlate for the general population. d) were first developed to help people lose weight.

b) group foods according to macronutrient and energy content.

On the MyPlate guide, oils are: a) listed in the fat group. b) included and recommendations are given in teaspoons. c) not given specific consideration. d) considered empty calories.

b) included and recommendations are given in teaspoons.

The energy provided by foods is measured in: a) BTUs. b) kilocalories. c) thermal equivalents. d) watts.

b) kilocalories.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 considers all of the following healthy eating patterns EXCEPT: a) USDA Food Patterns. b) the Asian Cultural Food Consumption Program. c) Mediterranean-style eating pattern. d) the DASH Eating Plan.

b) the Asian Cultural Food

Daily Values are based on a ___________ kcalorie diet. a) 1000 b) 1500 c) 2000 d) 2500

c) 2000

Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements? a) A government publication b) A dietitian c) A pamphlet published by the health food store d) A peer-reviewed article available on the Internet

c) A pamphlet published by the health food store

Which statement regarding foods selected in a restaurant is FALSE? a) A menu item labeled "low fat" must meet the same criteria as a packaged product with a "low fat" label. b) Nutrient claims about menu items must be backed up with appropriate nutrition information. c) A restaurant cannot make a health claim on its menu. d) Restaurants are not required to have food labels unless the establishment has 20 or more locations.

c) A restaurant cannot make a health claim on its menu.

Which is the least logical use of information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)? a) Determining priorities for funding government health programs b) Determining effectiveness of existing programs c) Eestablishing daily requirements for major nutrients in selected population groups d) Planning public policy and goals

c) Eestablishing daily requirements for major nutrients in selected population groups

Which is NOT included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a) Limit your intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fat. b) Limit consumption of foods containing refined grains and added sugars. c) Exercise three times a week. d) Balance calories to maintain weight.

c) Exercise three times a week.

How would donuts be categorized in the MyPlate food plan? a) Grains & dairy b) Protein & grains c) Grains & empty calories d) Empty calories & vegetables

c) Grains & empty calories

Which is NOT a goal or objective of the Healthy People Initiative? a) Eliminating health disparities among Americans b) Decreasing prevalence of obesity among adults c) Increasing the number of formula-fed infants in the U.S. d) Reduction of deaths due to heart disease.

c) Increasing the number of formula-fed infants in the U.S.

Which would most likely be used to plan menus for a school breakfast and lunch program? a) AIs b) DRVs c) RDAs d) ULs

c) RDAs

Which of the following functions is performed by members of all six classes of nutrients? a) Provide energy b) Form structures c) Regulate body processes d) All of these functions are performed by each of the six classes of nutrients

c) Regulate body processes

Which of the following is true of structure/function claims? a) FDA approval is required. b) They do NOT have to be accompanied by a disclaimer. c) Some describe a benefit in relation to a nutrient-deficiency disease. d) Common examples are "high fiber and "fat free".

c) Some describe a benefit in relation to a nutrient-deficiency disease.

Which is the FALSE statement regarding RDAs? a) RDAs recommend amounts of nutrients that can serve as a goal for individual intake. b) The RDAs are one component of the DRIs. c) The EARs are derived from the RDAs. d) RDAs are often used in menu planning.

c) The EARs are derived from the RDAs.

Which of the following statements about the assessment of food intake is FALSE? a) Food frequency questionnaires do not give specific information about an individual's food intake. b) Food records are reliable but individuals may change their usual intake while recording his or her intake. c) The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes. d) Food intake records should include one weekend day for greatest accuracy.

c) The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes.

Which of the following is true regarding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010? a) Recommendations are made for specific amounts of individual nutrients. b) The DGA 2010 is based on the DRIs. c) They are intended to promote health and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the risk of chronic disease. d) These recommendations are designed for Americans 19 years and older.

c) They are intended to promote health and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the risk of chronic disease.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect food choices? a) Cultural and family background b) Personal preference c) Weather d) Psychological and emotional factors

c) Weather

One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" refers to: a) choosing at least one food from each food group on the Food Pyramid daily. b) including low calorie food choices to balance high calorie foods at each meal. c) choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups. d) making sure portion sizes are matched to energy needs.

c) choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups.

Computer software can be used to analyze diets. The most appropriate time to use a nutrition analysis program would be when: a) checking for a clinical symptom of nutritional deficiency. b) you wanted to know how many third graders in a classroom ate breakfast. c) comparing the planned menu for children in an elementary school to the RDAs. d) determining the estimated energy requirements of senior citizens.

c) comparing the planned menu for children in an elementary school to the RDAs.

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are most likely to be exceeded when: a) large quantities of food are consumed by highly trained athletes. b) people are recovering from surgery and need more kcalories. c) dietary supplements are taken. d) people eat meat from wild game animals.

c) dietary supplements are taken.

The MyPlate plan separates foods into groups to help Americans apply the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines to their individual diets. These groups are: a) milk, meat, grains, fruits & vegetables and legumes. b) meat, milk, beans & nuts, grains and fruits & vegetables. c) fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods and dairy. d) grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy and meat, beans & nuts.

c) fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods and dairy.

Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. This stable state is called: a) anabolism b) catabolism c) homeostasis d) metabolism

c) homeostasis

The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to: a) including each food group in the diet. b) including a variety of foods from within each food group. c) selecting appropriate portion sizes. d) varying the foods eaten from day to day, week to week and season to season.

c) selecting appropriate portion sizes.

A complete nutritional assessment would include all of the following EXCEPT: a) laboratory measurements. b) past and present dietary intake information. c) setting nutritional goals. d) anthropometric measurements.

c) setting nutritional goals.

The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of what percentage of a healthy population group? a) 33% b) 50% c) 75% d) 97-98%

d) 97-98%

Which of the following methods is MOST likely to provide accurate information about what a person typically eats? a) A computerized food frequency questionnaire b) A 3-day food record that includes a weekend day kept by the individual c) Analyzing all grocery store and restaurant receipts kept over a 60 day time period d) A diet history that includes a 24 hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire

d) A diet history that includes a 24 hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire

A food frequency questionnaire reveals that an individual has very low energy intake. What other information would be needed before a diagnosis of malnutrition could be made? a) Anthropometric measurements b) Medical history c) Physical exam d) All of these analyses would be required.

d) All of these analyses would be required.

Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is: a) eating foods that have been minimally processed. b) consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided. c) limiting added fats and sugars. d) All of these are effective strategies

d) All of these are effective strategies

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods. a) provide more kcalories b) contain fewer nutrients c) be higher in fat, sugar, or salt d) All of these statements are true

d) All of these statements are true

Which of the following is likely to limit the availability of food? a) Socioeconomic status b) Health status c) Where a person lives d) All of these statements are true

d) All of these statements are true

Which of the following statements is true about the Daily Values standards? a) DVs help consumers know if a food is a good source of a particular nutrient. b) A DV of 5% or less on a food label indicates that the food is low in that nutrient. c) The DVs may overestimate nutrient needs for some populations but they would never underestimate the requirements for any group. d) All of these statements are true.

d) All of these statements are true.

Which statement about proportionality is true? a) Proportionality means we need to eat more of some types of foods than others. b) Proportionality is represented by the area covered on the MyPlate logo. c) Proportionality indicates that grains, vegetables, fruits and dairy are the groups from which to eat the most foods. d) All of these statements are true.

d) All of these statements are true.

A system that scores the average American diet is the: a) Dietary Guidelines. b) Food Guide Pyramid. c) Exchange List. d) Healthy Eating Index.

d) Healthy Eating Index.

Which of the following nutrients are NOT organic molecules? a) Carbohydrates b) Lipids c) Proteins d) Minerals

d) Minerals

Using dietary information provided by ______________ would be the most practical approach to evaluate your own diet. a) Exchange Lists b) Dietary Guidelines for Americans c) DRVs d) MyPlate

d) MyPlate

Which of the following is NOT an authorized health claim associating intake with a health consequence? a) Soluble fiber and coronary heart disease b) Dietary fat and cancer risk c) Sodium intake and blood pressure d) Vitamin A intake and risk of cataracts

d) Vitamin A intake and risk of cataracts

Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient? a) Carbohydrate b) Fat c) Protein d) Vitamins

d) Vitamins

A processed food is defined as: a) having more than five ingredients. b) requiring heating or cooking before it can be eaten. c) a food which has had preservatives added. d) any food that has been changed from its natural state.

d) any food that has been changed from its natural state.

A healthy eating pattern emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT: a) nutrient-dense foods. b) medium amounts of high protein foods. c) consuming more oils than solid fats. d) eating 3 servings of foods containing refined grains per day.

d) eating 3 servings of foods containing refined grains per day.

The three main categories in the Exchange List are carbohydrate, meat and meat substitutes, and: a) protein. b) fiber. c) fruits & vegetables. d) fat.

d) fat.

A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as a) Healthy Food Index. b) nutrient score. c) dietary reference intake. d) nutrient density.

d) nutrient density.