Nutrition Ch. 11

higher than normal blood pressure

hypertension

caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microbes and can be transmitted from one person to another through air, water, or food; by contact; or through vector organisms such as mosquitoes and fleas

infectious diseases

immune defense against an injury, infection, or allergens, marked by increased blood flow, release of chemical toxins, and attraction of white blood cells to the affected area

inflammation

in cell's genetic material, caused by radiation or by a chemical carcinogen that can give rise to cancer

initiation

To help prevent hypertension Americans should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day

230

sex, contact with infected blood,needle sharing, and mother to infant transferring acquired immune deficiency syndrome

AIDS

cancer-causing substance

carcinogen

origin of cancer

carcinogenesis

volume of blood discharged by the heart each minute

cardiac output

degenerative conditions or illnesses that progress slowly, are long in duration, and that lack immediate cure; chronic diseases limit functioning, productivity, and quality and length of life.

chronic diseases

hypertension risk factors

age and genes

ballooning out of an artery wall at a point that is weakened by deterioration

aneurysm

compounds in foods that act in any of several ways to oppose the formation of cancer

anticarcinogens

large, primary artery that conducts blood from the heart to the body's smaller arteries

arota

the most common form of CVD, plaque along inner walls of arteries

atherosclerosis

Which mineral may have causative effects for prostate cancer?

calcium

drop in cancer incidence seen whenever intake of food energy is restricted

caloric effect

an embolus that causes sudden closure of a blood vessel

embolism

a thrombus breaks loose and travels through blood vessels

embolus

The CDC, American Heart Association, and other groups have collaborated to create a program that encourages people to:

fill half their plate with vegetables and fruits.

factors known to be related to for correlated with diseases but not proved to be casual

risk factors

Wherever dietary fat consists mostly of _____ fats and fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance, blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low.

unsaturated

general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of CVD. When the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle become blocked, the heart suffers damage known as coronary heart disease

CVD

True or False: Dietary supplements can trigger extra immune power to fend off dangerous infections.

False

True or False: Obesity is a risk for certain cancers such as colon, breast, endometrial, pancreas, and kidney cancer.

True

True or False: The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products.

True

vegetables with cross-shaped blossoms-cabbage family. associated with low cancer rates.

cruciferous vegetables

second figure in a blood pressure reading, reflecting the arterial pressure when the heart is between beats

diastolic pressure

The best action to take to decrease your risk of cancer is to:

eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruits in generous quantities every day.

vessels that feed heart become closed off by an embolism, thrombus, or other cause with resulting sudden tissue death.

heart attack

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of CVD?

high HDL

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD?

high HDL

To lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to:

lose weight increase physical activity

large scavenger cells of the immune system that engulf debris and remove it

marcrophanges

combination of high fasting blood glucose of insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, low blood HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood triglycerides-that greatly increases a person's risk of developing CVD.

metabolic syndrome

movement of cancer cells from one body part to another usually by the way of body fluids

metastasis

resistance to pumped blood in the small arterial branches (arterioles) that carry blood

peripheral resistance

mounds of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that developed in the artery walls in athersclerosis.

plaques

tiny cell-like fragments in the blood, important in blood clot formation

platelets

Which of the following appears to help prevent and treat hypertension in certain populations?

potassium

between 120 over 80 and 139 over 89 millimeters of mercury, an indication that hypertension is likely to develop in the future

prehypertension

factors such as certain hormones that do not initiate cancer but speed up its development once initiation has taken place

promoters

All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except:

refined starches

the sudden shutting off of the blood flow to the brain by a thrombus, embolism, or other bursting of a vessel (hemorrage)

stroke

first figure in a blood pressure reading, reflecting arterial pressure caused by the contraction of the heart's left ventricle

systolic pressure

Arguments against genetic testing include all of the following except:

there is no evidence that information about genetic coding can be used to make lifestyle changes.

thrombus that has grown long enough to close off a blood vessel

thrombosis

stationary blood clot

thrombus