Nutrition Ch. 3

Identify three eating habits that would promote normal digestion and absorption

Avoid eating too quickly, eat moderate amounts of food and include good sources of fiber in the diet.

Bile serves its most important function in the breakdown of protein.

False

Carbohydrates perform more important functions in the body than fats do.

False

Compounds are formed when atoms bond to each other.

False

Fatty acids and monoglycerides are water-soluble nutrients.

False

The amount of physical activity a person gets has little effect on his or her digestion and metabolism.

False

The processes of digestion, absorption, and metabolism are not affected by the amounts of nutrients a person consumes.

False

The simplest substances from which all matter is formed are called molecules.

False

What is the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion? Where does each type of digestion take place?

Mechanical digestion happens as food is crushed and churned and it occurs in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Chemical digestion involves mixing food with acids and enzymes that help break down the food into simpler substances. It is located in the mouth with salivary amylase, gastric juices in stomach and digestive enzymes in the small intestine.

A lack in essential nutrients can affect a person's achievement of genetic height potential.

True

ATP is the body's store of energy that is ready for immediate use.

True

An ulcer can develop in the small intestine.

True

Emotions, such as anger with a friend or tension over a test, can have a negative effect on digestion.

True

Fats are one of the six essential nutrient groups.

True

Heredity plays a role in the development of some food allergies.

True

Lacking adequate nutrition during periods of growth may affect a person's learning abilities and behavior patterns.

True

Liquids leave the stomach before solids.

True

Saliva is necessary to help break down foods during digestion.

True

The epiglottis keeps food from entering the trachea.

True

The stomach needs a less acidic environment than the small intestine to perform its work.

True

Water is an example of a compound.

True

Without nutrients in the diet, the body cannot grow, maintain cells, or repair tissue.

True

How do the waste products of cell metabolism leave the body?

Waste products of cell metabolism leave the body as urine through the kidneys, breath through the lungs, and perspiration through the skin.

Which statement best describes the process of digestion? a. Breakdown of food into simpler substances for the body to use. b. Collection of waste products that result from digestion. c. Passage of food from the digestive tract into the circulatory or lymphatic system. d. Transport of nutrients and oxygen to individual body cells.

a. Breakdown of food into simpler substances for the body to use.

Which of the following is associated with the problem of constipation? a. Consuming a low-fiber diet. b. Drinking too much water. c. Following regular meal patterns. d. Getting too much exercise.

a. Consuming a low-fiber diet.

Which of the following best describes the pathway of food in the digestion process? a. Esophagus, stomach, small intestine. b. Large intestine, stomach, esophagus. c. Mouth, stomach, esophagus. d. Stomach, small intestine, esophagus.

a. Esophagus, stomach, small intestine.

In which part of the digestive system does the least amount of digestion occur? a. Esophagus. b. Mouth. c. Small intestine. d. Stomach.

a. Esophagus.

The passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into the circulatory system.

absorption

The body's source of immediate energy is stored as ____. a. muscle tissue b. ATP c. protein d. blood

b. ATP

Which function of nutrients is most related to a midmorning slump? a. Building new tissue. b. Providing energy. c. Regulating body processes. d. Repairing tissue.

b. Providing energy.

A person is likely to feel full longest after eating a meal high in ____. a. carbohydrates b. fats c. protein d. water

b. fats

A thick fluid that helps soften and lubricate food in the stomach is called ____. a. bile b. mucus c. pancreatic juice d. pepsin

b. mucus

A digestive juice produced by the liver to aid fat digestion.

bile

About how long is the digestive tract, from beginning to end? a. 10 feet. b. 15 feet. c. 30 feet. d. 40 feet.

c. 30 feet.

Which nutrients are acted upon by pepsin in the stomach? a. Carbohydrates only. b. Lipids only. c. Proteins only. d. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

c. Proteins only.

In which part of the digestive system does the greatest amount of digestion occur? a. Mouth. b. Stomach. c. Small intestine. d. Large intestine.

c. Small intestine.

Which of the following is caused by a bacterium? a. Diverticulitis. b. Constipation. c. Ulcer. d. Heartburn.

c. Ulcer.

Name the six basic types of nutrients you must obtain from the foods you eat.

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

A mixture of gastric juices and food formed in the stomach during digestion.

chyme

Which of the following nutrients provides the greatest amount of energy? a. 250 mg of vitamin C. b. 22 g of carbohydrates. c. 20 g of protein. d. 13 g of fat.

d. 13 g of fat.

What are the basic parts into which carbohydrates are broken down during digestion? a. Amino acids. b. Fatty acids. c. Glycerol. d. Monosaccharides.

d. Monosaccharides.

Nutrients help accomplish which of the following body functions? a. Change physical genetic blueprinting. b. Improve a person's personality characteristics. c. Change color of hair. d. Provide energy for daily activities.

d. Provide energy for daily activities.

Which part of the small intestine increases the surface area for absorption? a. Capillaries. b. Duodenum. c. Lacteals. d. Villi.

d. Villi

Which of the following is one of the six nutrient groups? a. Chemicals. b. Compounds. c. Enzymes. d. Water.

d. Water

Frequent expulsion of watery feces.

diarrhea

A complex protein produced by cells to speed a specific chemical reaction in the body.

enzyme

Solid wastes that result from digestion.

feces

A reaction of the immune system to certain proteins found in food.

food allergy

Small crystals that form from bile in the gallbladder.

gallstones

A burning pain in the middle of the chest caused by stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus.

heartburn

A difficulty in digesting food.

indigestion

The unit used to measure the energy value of food.

kilocalorie

Chewing.

mastication

All the chemical changes that occur as cells produce energy and materials needed to sustain life.

metabolism

A series of squeezing actions by the muscles in the gastrointestinal tract that helps move food through the tract.

peristalsis

A disorder in which many abnormal pouches form in the intestinal wall.

ulcer