Nutrition Ch 6 Quizzes

What is the name of the nitrogen group released by deamination?

. Ammonia

Which of these foods contains the lowest amount of dietary protein?

1 slice of bread

The acceptable macronutrient range for protein is ______% of total kilocalories.

10-35

Why does protein-energy malnutrition develop more rapidly in small children than in adults?

Nutrient needs per unit of body weight are higher in small children than adults

Protein requirements are based on a person's..

-body weight. -age. -health status.

All of the following components are associated with an amino acid except:

a phosphate group.

In the US, most of the dietary protein comes from

animal products

If the shape of a protein is altered, the ___________ of the protein is altered.

functionality

The primary source of protein for most of the world's population is _____

grains and vegetables

Protein quality is defined as

how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins.

Positive nitrogen balance can occur when

the individual is growing

Transamination refers to

the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a carbon-containing molecule to form a nonessential amino acid.

How many amino acids are essential?

9

Which term best describes all of the amino acids in body tissues and fluids that are available for use by the body?

Amino acid pool

Which of the following statements is true regarding about the amino acid pool?

Amino acids in the pool can be metabolized for energy.

Protein denaturation can be caused by:

An increase in temperature. A change in pH. The presence of alcohol.

High-quality protein is found in:

Animal and soy proteins

All but one statement explains why protein-energy malnutrition develops more rapidly in children than adults. Which one does NOT?

Breast milk contains inadequate protein and energy.

What is a risk factor associated with vegetarian diets?

Certain nutrients, such as zinc and iron, in plant foods are poorly absorbed.

How are protein needs determined?

Compare nitrogen consumed with the amount excreted by the body

Meats in a meal can be replaced by which of the following complementary plant proteins?

Corn and beans

Which statement about amino acid absorption is false?

Each amino acid has its own specific transport system

In order to meet protein requirements, people should take supplements even if their diet is not deficient in protein.

False

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition in which a deficiency of energy in the diet causes severe body wasting.

False

Which of the following does NOT supply amino acids to the amino acid pool?

Fruits

What is role of genes in synthesizing protein?

Genes provide the code to synthesize a product

Sickle cell anemia:

Is caused by a change in the amino acid sequence in hemoglobin.

Deamination

Is the removal of the amino group from an amino acid. Must occur prior to using an amino acid for energy. Occurs before an amino acid is able to enter the citric acid cycle.

All of the following situations require amino acid deamination EXCEPT:

Manufacturing enzymes.

Which of the following foods contains little to no protein?

Margarine

Which of the following is NOT true about amino acids?

They are comprised of three elements - carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

All of the following are true of food allergies EXCEPT

They are not a serious concern.

Why must some amino acids be consumed in the diet?

They cannot be synthesized by the body.

What is true about the functions of proteins in the body?

They transport substances throughout the body.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a protein complementation?

Tofu crumbles

Which condition represents a state of negative nitrogen balance?

Turning excess body protein to fat

What end product of deamination is released into the urine?

Urea

Which nutrient deficiencies can be a problem for vegetarians, particularly vegans?

Vitamin B-12, calcium, iron

Which condition represents a state of positive nitrogen balance?

Wound healing

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin

break large polypeptides into smaller peptides.

Protein differs from carbohydrate and lipid in that protein

contains the element nitrogen.

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition in which a deficiency of energy in the diet causes severe body wasting.

false

Negative nitrogen balance exists when there is an increase in total body proteins.

false

The shape of a protein is NOT important.

false

Transcription in the process of translating the mRNA code into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain.

false

A limiting amino acid

is present in short supply relative to the body's need.

Why is the shape of the protein important

it determines the function

A(n) ________ bond links one amino acid to the next.

peptide

Linkage of amino acids in a protein molecule is accomplished by:

peptide bonds

Gene expression:

s the process whereby the information coded in a gene is used to produce a product.

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the

sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Where does chemical digestion of protein begin?

stomach

Where does protein digestion begin?

stomach

A limiting amino acid is the essential amino acid that is available in the lowest concentration in relation to the body's needs.

true

As long as vegetarians consume high quality proteins in the diet, there is little risk to develop a protein deficiency.

true

During digestion, if there is an excess of any one amino acid, more of it will be absorbed.

true

Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

true

Protein consumption is associated with stimulation of immune response in humans.

true

Protein digestion begins in the stomach.

true