Nutrition CH.4

True or False studies have shown that nearly all individuals with decreased lactase production can tolerate 1/2 to 1 cup of milk with meals.

True

True or False: Because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body.

True

True or False: Soluble fibers are fermented by bacteria in the large intestine.

True

Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many _____ units bonded together.

glucose

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

glucose

Sucrose is made up of which two monosaccharides?

glucose and fructose

Glucose can be stored in the liver or muscle tissue inthe form of a) starch. b) glycogen c) soluble fiber d) amino acids

glycogen

___________ fiber is readily fermented by bacteria in the large intestine. a) soluble b) insoluble

soluble

Which stamp is used if a product contains at least 8 grams of whole grain, but may also contain some refined grains?

the stamp w/o the 100%

Risk factors for _______ diabetes include physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity. a) type 1 b) type 2

type 2

Sugar alcohols are advantageous in food products because they

* provide fewer calories than sugar * do not promote dental caries

Choose the "1 cup equivalents" for the vegetable group.

1 cup raw or cooked vegetables 1 cup vegetable juice 2 cups of raw leafy greens

Identify how many hours it take before glycogen stores are depleted in the liver if no carbohydrate is consumed? a) 5 b) 2 c) 18 d) 12

18

Type 2 diabetes

A form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity.

Type 1 diabetes

A form of diabetes characterized by total insulin deficiency due to destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide ________% to _________% of total calories in the diet.

45% to 65%

Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch

Amylose

Which contain the highest percentage of calories from carbohydrates?

Dried fruit Table sugar Jam

True or False: A nutritive sweetener is sweeter tasting than an alternative sweetener.

False

True or False: Soluble fibers are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria.

False

Which of the following contains the greatest percentage of simple carbohydrates?

Jelly

Where does the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates begin? a) stomach b) small intestine c) mouth

Mouth

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

No

Which alternative sweetener is derived from a South American shrub? a) Neotame b) Acesulfame-K c) Stevia d) Tagatose

Stevia

secondary lactose maldigestion

Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

Which description best describes a starch? a) a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest. b) Substances in plant food not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine. c) A simple form of carbohydrate. d) A six-carbon monosaccharide the usually exists in a ring form.

a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest.

Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly? a) amylopectin b) cellulose c) lignins d) amylose

amylopectin

Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units? a) insoluble fiber b) soluble fiber c) amylose d) amylopectin

amylopectin

Amylase is a) an enzyme b) an acid c) a neurotransmitter d) a base

an enzyme

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid? a) aspartame b) Neotame c) Sucralose d) Saccharin

aspartame

If a person consumes a large amount fiber without adequate fluid, Which of the following may happen? a) increased hunger b) blockages in the intestine c) explosive diarrhea

blockages in the intestine

Symptoms of hypoglycemia should resolve quickly with the consumption of

carbohydrate and glucose

People with diabetes are at risk for developing

cardiovascular disease

Historically, type 2 diabetes has been rarely diagnosed among a) elderly b) men c) children d) women

children

primary lactose maldigestion

chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

Which of the following can assist the digestion of carbohydrates even before food enters the mouth? a) storing food in the refrigerator b) storing food at room temperature c) cooking food d) freezing food

cooking food

Lactose - is the main carbohydrate found in

dairy foods

In people with type 1 diabetes, the cells of the pancreas stop producing a) glycogen b) glucagon c) glucose d) insulin

insulin

Individuals with type 1 diabetes have to be treated with which approach? a) weight loss b) oral medications c) Insulin d) immune suppressants

insulin

Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?

liver and muscle

Many patients with type 2 diabetes can improve blood glucose by a) losing a moderate amount of weight. b) following a low-fat, low-sodium diet. c) avoiding vigorous physical activity. d) taking dietary supplements that contain chromium.

losing a moderate amount of weight.

__________ is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules bonded together.

maltose

What is a major food source of lactose? a) fruit b) fat c) bread d) milk

milk

Which of the following is a type of simple sugar? a) monosaccharide b) starch c) polysaccharide d) fiber

monosaccharide

What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called? a) carbohydrates b) starches c) fermentable fiber d) nonfermentable fiber

nonfermentable fiber

The monosaccharides and the disaccharides are designated as _______ because they provide calories. a) empty calories b) alternative sweeteners c) nutritive sweeteners d) non-nutritive sweeteners

nutritive sweeteners

True or False: Vegetables must be consumed raw to enjoy their nutrient benefits.

False

True or False: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.

True

Which of the following is another term for glucose? a) table sugar b) dextrose c) carbohydrate d) sucrose

dextrose

Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 10 to 1000 or more are called_______. a) monosaccharides b) oligosaccharides c) disaccharides d) polysaccharides

polysaccharides

Grains containing the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ, and endosperm (starchy interior) are called a) insoluble fiber b) soluble fiber c) whole grains d) refined grains

whole grains

A whole grain is defined as a grain that contains the whole grain seed or kernel. The three components of a grain seed or kernel include the:

endosperm, bran, and germ

Which macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories per gram? a) carbohydrates b) fat C) protein

fat

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

fibers

For a person with insulin resistance, the pancreas a) produces plenty of insulin, but cells cannot use it effectively. b) does not produce insulin

produces plenty of insulin, but cells cannot use it effectively.

Where do enzymes break down the disaccharides sucrose, lactose, and maltose into monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose? a) mouth b) small intestine c) large intestine

small intestine

The carbohydrate that is considered the benchmark against which all other sweeteners are measured is a) glucose b) sucrose c) fructose

sucrose

Whole kern meal, brown rice, and oatmeal are all examples of: a) whole grains b) refined grains

whole grains

Which of the following foods contain essentially no carbohydrates? * Beef * Broccoli * jelly * Plain-baked potato * fat-free milk * peas * butter * eggs

* Beef * butter * eggs

Which of the following measurements could be used to identify a person with prediabetes? Check all that apply. * HbA1c between 5.7% to 6.4% * HbA1c above 7% * Fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl * Fasting blood glucose above 125 mg/dl

* HbA1c between 5.7% to 6.4% * Fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl

Which of the following statements are true about fiber? Check all that apply. * Is a complex carbohydrate * Adds bulk to feces * A substance found in plants * Can be digested by human enzymes

* Is a complex carbohydrate * Adds bulk to feces * A substance found in plants

High-fructose corn syrup is widely used in food processing because

* It has better shelf-stability than sugar * It is less expensive than sugar

If you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can supply energy? Select all that apply. * Protein * Fiber * B vitamins * Fat

* Protein * Fat

Which regulatory agency in the United States determines the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) guidelines for alternative sweeteners?

Food and Drug Administration

Which monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose? Select two. *Galactose *Fructose *Sucrose *Glucose

Galactose and Glucose

Which of the following MyPlate food groups contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignins? a) grains b) dairy c) Protein foods d) fruit

Grains

Which of the following are benefits of including insoluble fiber in the diet? Check all that apply. * Reduces constipation * Reduces blood glucose * Reduces transit time of feces * Reduces blood cholesterol

* Reduces constipation * Reduces transit time of feces

Which of the following are common food sources of amylose? Check all that apply. * Vegetables * Breads * Milk * Beans

* Vegetables * Breads * Beans

When cells are deprived of glucose , they metabolize lipids for energy a process that results in formation of ketones. High levels of ketones in the blood lead to... Check all that apply. * dehydration. * cardiovascular disease. * ion imbalances. * coma.

* dehydration. * ion imbalances. * coma.

True or False: Cellulose is an undigestible, nonfermentable, straight-chain polysaccharide made of glucose molecules.

True

True or False: Symptoms of hypoglycemia may include hunger, shaking, sweating, and anxiety.

True

True or False: The Dietary Guidelines recommend increasing whole grain intake by replacing some refined grains with whole grains.

True

True or False: The artificial sweetener sucralose (Splenda) is considered useful in baking because it resists destruction by heat.

True

True or False: Type 1 diabetes only begins during childhood.

False

True or False: Sucralose is the oldest alternative sweetener and was first produced in 1879.

False. Saccharin is the oldest

Gestational diabetes

Occurs in some pregnant women and resolves after delivery of the baby

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body? a) To insulate the body. b) To build muscle. c) To provide energy for the body. d) To provide structure for all the cells in the body.

To provide energy for the body.

Complex carbohydrates are also known as a)starch b)sucrose c)peptides d)glucose

starch

Choose the food that will have the most fiber. a) orange flavored drink b) orange soda c) orange juice with pulp d) whole orange

whole orange

Which of the following conditions may be present in a person with metabolic syndrome? Check all that apply. * high blood triglycerides * persistent hip pain * high blood pressure * large waist circumference * low HDL cholesterol * frequent headaches * high fasting glucose

* high blood triglycerides * high blood pressure * large waist circumference * low HDL cholesterol * high fasting glucose

Patients who experience hypoglycemia may benefit from eating. Check all that apply. * meals with a mixture of macronutrients * one or two large meals per day. * meals on a regular schedule. * as little fat as possible.

* meals with a mixture of macronutrients * meals on a regular schedule.

Examples of functional fiber include: * probiotics * resistant starch * inulin * polydextrose

* resistant starch * inulin * polydextrose

Which class of substances provides sweetness to foods and provides calories for the body?

Nutritive sweeteners

Which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes? * frequent urination * excessive hunger * extreme thirst * severe diarrhea

* frequent urination * excessive hunger * extreme thirst

Choose risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Check all that apply. * obesity, especially intra-abdominal obesity * prediabetes * family history of diabetes * smoking * physical inactivity * rural living * history of gestational diabetes

* obesity, especially intra-abdominal obesity * prediabetes * family history of diabetes * physical inactivity * history of gestational diabetes

Choose the "1 cup equivalents" for the dairy food.

*1 cup of milk, yogurt, or soy milk *1.5 ounces of natural cheese *2 ounces of processed cheese

Which of the following are ways to select or prepare potatoes that will produce a slower rise in blood glucose?

*Buy "new" potatoes that have thin skins *Cook potatoes and then refrigerate overnight before eating.

What is the best way to confirm that a product contains 100% whole grains?

*Look for the Whole Grain stamp on packaging *First word on the ingredients list should be "whole"

Which of the following areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes? Check all that apply. *kidneys *heart *nerves *eyes

*kidneys *heart *nerves *eyes

Which of the following are appropriate uses of aspartame?

*sugar-free chewing gum *diet soft drinks *sugar free gelatin desserts

In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated? *high-density lipoprotein *triglycerides *fasting glucose *blood pressure

*triglycerides *fasting glucose *blood pressure

Type 2 diabetes can often be effectively managed through

diet physical activity moderate weight loss

How are nonstarch polysaccharides listed on food labels? a) nonstarch fibers b) insoluble fibers c) soluble fibers d) dietary fibers

dietary fibers