Nutrition: Chap 10 & 11

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D synthesis?

Dark-skinned people require longer sunlight exposure than light-skinned people to synthesize equivalent amounts of vitamin D

Which of the following is NOT among the common signs of pellagra?

Desiccation

Which of the following disorders may result from vitamin E deficiency in people?

Erythrocyte hemolysis

Which of the following can the body use to synthesize vitamin D?

Exposure to sunlight

Riboflavin

FMN & FAD

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood?

Folate

Which of the following is a feature of Accutane?

It is known to cause birth defects when used by pregnant women

How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease?

It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins

The first injection given to a newborn in the delivery room is vitamin:

K

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

K

What tissue contains the majority of the body's store of vitamin A?

Liver

Niacin

NAD & NADP

Your friend Jane just returned from the doctor, who diagnosed her with a specific vitamin B toxicity. However, she doesn't recall the name of the vitamin. Which of the following is the only possible culprit associated with toxicity symptoms?

Niacin

What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults?

Osteomalacia

Vitamin B6

PLP

What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?

Pantothenic acid

Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis?

Prothrombin

*What form of vitamin A supports vision but not growth?

Retinal

In what system would the effects of a vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed?

Skeletal

Folate

THF

Thiamin

TPP

Greg says that he usually eats 1 medium carrot every day to ensure that he's consuming enough vitamin A. Today he said he didn't eat any carrots and is worried that there is not enough vitamin A in his system. What would you say to Greg to allay his fear?

"Don't worry; fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body. It takes a lot longer than one day to develop any adverse effects."

Approximately how many children worldwide have vitamin A deficiency?

250 million

There are certain groups of people that under certain circumstances should not take specific supplements. Identify which of the following is correct.

All of these are correct

Which of the following describes the basic function of a coenzyme?

Attaches to an enzyme and allows a chemical reaction to take place

Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D?

Cholesterol

Pantothenic Acid

CoA

What is a chief function of the B vitamins?

Coenzyme participation

Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?

Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts

A child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin

D

Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency?

Bleeding gums

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

Blood clotting

Which of the following characteristics is shared by vitamin B12 and folate?

Both are required for nucleic acid synthesis

Keratinization may result from

deficiency of vitamin A

Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of

folate

Which B vitamin is necessary for the conversion of vitamin B12 to an active coenzyme form?

folate

What is the most likely reason for the development of a vitamin B12 deficiency?

inadequate absorption

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of

thiamin

Alcoholics are at an increased risk to have a(n):

thiamin deficiency

Studies in developing countries have demonstrated that the mortality rate of children with measles can be significantly reduced by providing supplements of

vitamin A.

Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of

vitamin B12

Biotin can be synthesized by

intestinal bacteria

Over-consumption of beta-carotene in food products:

is associated with the skin turning yellow

Flushing of the skin can be associated with the ingestion of:

niacin

The first detectable sign of vitamin A deficiency is usually

night blindness.

Biotin plays a critical factor in the metabolic pathway of which compound?

oxaloacetate

The known dangers of taking vitamin supplements include all of the following EXCEPT

pathogenic bacterial overgrowth of the large intestines leading to increased risk of infection.

Which B vitamin coenzyme plays a role in the synthesis of heme, nucleic acids and lecithin?

pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

In order to minimize loss of vitamins during food preparation one might:

refrigerate fresh fruits and vegetables

The last stage of xerophthalmia is:

softening of the cornea that leads to irreversible blindness

Those groups of people who are at risk for developing marginal nutrient deficiencies and may benefit from taking vitamin supplements include:

women of childbearing age and pregnant women people with low energy intakes, such as habitual dieters and the elderly. vegans

The bioavailability of a vitamin is not influenced by:

the cost of the food product.

Free radical damage can lead to:

the development of disease.

**Which of the following is NOT among the general characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins?

They are absorbed directly into the blood

When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin?

Tryptophan

Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?

Vegetable oils

The absorption of which of the following vitamins is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis?

Vitamin B12

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)

antioxidant

The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as

ariboflavinosis

Vitamin D deficiency often occurs in conjunction with _____ deficiency.

calcium

Symptoms associated with scurvy

can be resolved with adequate amounts of vitamin C.

The protein that requires ascorbic acid for its formation is

collagen

The chief symptoms of early vitamin B6 deficiency include

confusion and depression

Your old friend from high school has just moved to Northern Canada to do full-time research on bats in caves. She typically works in the caves during the day when the bats are there and leaves at sundown when the bats are active. Since your friend only purchases organic and all-natural foods, which of the following would you most likely advise she buy regularly at the grocery store?

Vitamin D-fortified milk

Why shouldn't vitamin E supplements be taken for at least one week before surgery?

Vitamin E acts as a blood thinner and could lead to excessive bleeding

Symptoms associated with riboflavin deficiency include:

cracks at the corners of the mouth.

Which of the following statements is false with respect to fat-soluble vitamins?

no toxic effect can occur since they are typically excreted in the urine