Nutrition: Chapter 5 Practice Test

All fat is essentially stored energy for your body to use later on. True or False?

TRUE

Which of the following behave more like saturated fats, increasing blood cholesterol, and heart disease risk? a. Omega-3 fatty acids b. Omega-6 fatty acids c. Conjugated linoleic acids d. Trans-fatty acids.

D. Trans-fatty acids.

Which of the following members of the lipid family are soluble in both water and fat? a. Triglycerides b. Saturated fats c. Sterols d. Phospholipids

D: Phospholipids

Linolenic Acid is an ________. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

What type of fat is known as alpha-linolenic acid? Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

_______ is consumed in smaller quantities in the human diet. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

_______ is known as alpha-linolenic acid. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

Arachadonic is an ________ that the body can make. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-6

Linoleic acid is an _________. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-6

Meats are a key source of _________. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-6

______ main food sources include vegetable and safflower oil. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-6

_______ have a pro-inflammatory effect in the body. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-6

In terms of nutrition, the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important forms of polyunsaturated fats. True or False?

TRUE

Which of the following are NOT essential fatty acids? Choose all that apply. a. Omega-6 Fatty Acids b. Omega-12 Fatty Acids c. Omega-3 Fatty Acids d. Omega-9 Fatty Acids

B & D: Omega-12 and Omega-9 are NOT essential fatty acids. The essential fatty acids are Omega-3 and Omega-6.

Which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from your arteries and other places in the body and returns it back to the liver for further metabolism? a. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) b. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) c. Phospholipid d. Chylomicron e. LDL (low-density lipoprotein)

B. HDL (high-density lipoprotein): HDLs pick up cholesterol from your arteries and other places in the body, returning it back to the liver for further metabolism. HDLs are associated with a lower risk for heart disease.

Cholesterol is found in both plant and animal-based foods. True or False?

FALSE: Cholesterol is only found in animal-based foods.

Cod, grouper, and tuna have the highest concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids of any seafood.

FALSE: Cod, grouper, and tuna are among the fish with <150 milligrams of omega-3 per serving. Herring, sea bass, and salmon are among those with 500 milligrams of omega-3 per serving.

Eggs and tofu are considered to be very lean food options with respect to fat content. True or False?

FALSE: Tofu and eggs are considered medium-fat protein options.

What type of fat is olive oil? a. Saturated Fat b. Monounsaturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat

B. Monounsaturated Fat

Fatty fish are a good source of _______. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

The dietitian tells a patient prescribed a 2000 calorie diet that he should eat no more than (35 or 78) grams of total fat each day.

78: The recommended percentage of total calories as fat is 20-35%. 2000 x 0.35 = 700/9 calories per gram of fat = 78 grams per day.

The blood lipid profile reveals the concentration of various lipids in the blood. A desirable level of total cholesterol is (<200 or <300) milligrams per deciliter.

<200: A reduced risk of heart disease is associated with a total blood cholesterol level of <200 milligrams per deciliter.

Which types of dietary fats can increase blood LDL concentrations? a. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids b. Omega-3 fatty acids, cis-fatty acids c. Fiber, omega-6 fatty acids d. Saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids

D: Saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids

A triglyceride consists of three fatty acids attached to a: Glycerol or Cholesterol.

Glycerol: A triglyceride contains a molecule of glycerol with three fatty acids attached. Each carbon in glycerol is attached to a fatty acid.

Elevated blood (low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Elevated blood LDL cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. In contrast, elevated blood HD

Which is known to exert strong anti-inflammatory properties in the human body? Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

______ Includes the acids DHA and EPA. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

______ consumption reduces heart disease risk. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

Vegetable oils are a primary source of _______. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-6

______ are generally consumed in excess in the human diet. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-6

______ have a higher ratio in avocado and soybean oil. Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-6

The cell membrane is made of (phospholipids or triglycerides) assembled into a lipid bilayer.

Phospholipids: A cell membrane is made of phospholipids assembled into an orderly formation called a bilayer.

Polyunsaturated fats have a (Low or High) potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heat due to their chemical structure.

Polyunsaturated fats have a HIGH potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heat.

Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to the cells in your body, but can get stuck in arteries while traveling in the blood, depositing cholesterol that eventually leads to plaque formation? a. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) b. Phospholipid c. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) d. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) e .Chylomicron

A: .LDL (low-density lipoprotein): LDLs carry cholesterol to the cells in your body. LDLs are of the right size and right shape to get stuck in our arteries. When this happens, the cholesterol inside the LDL begins to break down, causing the formation of fatty streaks and eventually plaque.

Calculate a personal daily fat allowance in grams for a person with an energy intake of 1700 kilocalories and a goal of 25 percent of kilocalories from fat. a. 47 b. 106 c. 189 d. 425

A: 47

When food is consumed, in which of the following organs is excess energy stored? a. Adipose cells b. Liver c. Stomach d. Spleen

A: Adipose cells

Essential fatty acids: a. Help to regulate inflammatory processes. b. Have minimal impact on human health. c. Are fully hydrogenated fatty acids. d. Are synthesized in the small intestine.

A: Help to regulate inflammatory processes

Canola oil is a ______. a. Monounsaturated Fat b. Saturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat

A: Monounsaturated Fat

Omega-3 fatty acids: a. Are synthesized in the liver b. Contain a double bond at the third omega carbon c. Increase inflammation in the body d. Are a form of saturated fatty acids

B: Contain a double bond at the third omega carbon.

Cholesterol is a ______. a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

C: Sterol

Which are generally under-consumed? Omega-3 or Omega-6

Omega-3

Which food is a major source of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids? a. Walnuts b. Flaxseed c. Chia seed d. Pumpkin seeds

D: Pumpkin Seeds

Saturated fats have a (Low or High) potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heat due to their chemical structure.

Saturated fats have a LOW potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heat due to their chemical structure.

Lipids that have a multiple-ring structure are called (sterols or fatty acids) .

Sterols: Sterols contain a four-ring carbon structure with an attached side chain.

Coconut oil contains mostly saturated fatty acids. True or False?

TRUE: Cocoa butter, palm oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil are rich in saturated fatty acids. They are firmer than most vegetable oil because of their saturation, but softer than most animal fats because of their shorter carbon chains.

Food products made with solid fats often provide a lot of energy, but they supply few essential nutrients. True or False?

TRUE: Foods made with solid fats such as baked goods and French fries provide abundant energy (calories), but generally provide few, if any, essential nutrients. They contribute to weight gain and make it challenging to meet nutrient needs.

Which food is a source of monounsaturated fatty acids? a. Avocado b. Soybean oil c. Sunflower seeds d. Salmon

A: Acocado

A desirable blood lipid profile would include a(n) a. LDL cholesterol of <100 milligrams per deciliter. b. LDL cholesterol of >150 milligrams per deciliter. c. Total cholesterol of >200 milligrams per deciliter. d. HDL cholesterol of <30 milligrams per deciliter.

A: LDL cholesterol of <100 milligrams per deciliter.

The position of the double bond closest to the methyl (CH3) end of fatty acid is described by a(n) _____ number. a. Omega b. Theta c. Alpha d. Poly

A: Omega

Which fatty acid contains its first double bond on the sixth omega carbon. a. Omega-6 Fatty Acid b. Omega-15 Fatty Acid c. Omega-3 Fatty Acid d. Omega-12 Fatty Acid

A: Omega-6 Fatty Acid

Lecithin is a: a. Phospholipid b. Triglyceride c. Sterol

A: Phospholipid

Which type of lipids are manufactured by the body and can act as emulsifiers in food: a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

A: Phospholipids

Which type of lipids are part of cell membranes? a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

A: Phospholipids

______ have both a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end. a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

A: Phospholipids

_______ act as an emulsifier. a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

A: Phospholipids

What type of fat is coconut oil? a. Saturated Fat b. Monounsaturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat

A: Saturated Fat

If a fat source is counted toward an individual's discretionary kcalories, what does this mean? a. This fat source is high in saturated fat, and its intake should be limited. b. This fat source should account for 30 percent of the daily fat intake.

A: This fat source is high in saturated fat, and its intake should be limited.

When a fatty acid is described as being saturated, it means that it a. Has limited chemical stability. b. Contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms. c. Contains multiple double bonds between its carbon atoms. d. Contains three bonds linking each carbon atom.

B: Contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms.

Which of the following blood lipids is linked most directly to heart disease? a. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol c. Linolenic acid d. Linoleic acid

B: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

Which fatty acid contains its first double bond on the sixth omega carbon? a. Omega-9 fatty acid b. Omega-3 fatty acid c. Omega-12 fatty acid d. Omega-6 fatty acid

B: Omega-3 fatty acid

The traditional Mediterranean diet emphasizes all of the following foods EXCEPT: a. Whole grains b. Red meats c. Nuts d. Fruits and vegetables

B: Red Meat

Butter is a _______. a. Monounsaturated Fat b. Saturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat

B: Saturated Fat

Which of the following fish should be avoided because of its high mercury content? a. Salmon and tilapia b. Swordfish and tilefish c. Cod and sole d. Most shellfish

B: Swordfish and tilefish

Which type of lipid contains a glycerol molecule with three fatty acid tails? a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

B: Triglycerides

______ comprise about 95% of the fat that we eat. a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

B: Triglycerides

______ vary in their degree of saturation. a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

B: Triglycerides

(lipase or bile) emulsifies fat, whereas (lipase or bile) digests fat.

Bile - Lipase: Bile emulsifies the fat into small droplets so that pancreatic lipase can remove the triglyceride's outer fatty acids.

What type of fat is corn oil? a. Saturated Fat b. Monounsaturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat

C. Polyunsaturated Fat

Which lipoprotein transports dietary fat to the cells in your body? a. VLVD (very-low-density lipoprotein) b. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) c. Chylomicron d. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) e. Phospholipid

C: Chylomicron: Chylomicrons transport dietary fat to the cells in your body.

Fatty acids vary in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to the number of a. Carbons in the chain. b. kCalories provided. c. Double bonds. d. Oxygen atoms.

C: Double bonds.

The function of bile in fat digestion is to a. Initiate fat digestion in the stomach. b. Neutralize stomach acidity. c. Emulsify fats into smaller particles d. Hydrolyze fatty acids from triglycerides.

C: Emulsify fats into smaller particles

Omega-6 fatty acids: a. Are synthesized in the liver b. Contain a double bond at the third omega carbon c. Help to regulate the constriction of blood vessels d. Are a form of saturated fatty acids.

C: Help to regulate the constriction of blood vessels.

Which of the following happens to the bile that is reabsorbed by the small intestine? a. The bile is broken down and sent to the kidneys as waste. b. The bile is stored in the body's fat cells. c. Most of the bile is reabsorbed from the small intestine and recycled.

C: Most of the bile is reabsorbed from the small intestine and recycled.

Flaxseed oil is a ______. a. Monounsaturated Fat b. Saturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat

C: Polyunsaturated Fat

What type of lipid is cholesterol? a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

C: Sterols

Which type of lipids are synthesized in the liver and used to make several important hormones? a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

C: Sterols

______ are made up of rigid carbon rings with no fatty acid tails. a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

C: Sterols

_______ are not essential in the diet bar are used in the structure of every cell membrane. a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols

C: Sterols

What is the primary role of triglycerides? a. They remove waste from the body. b. They transport fluids in the body. c. They provide the cells with energy. d. They break down food in the stomach.

C: They provide cells with energy

Chylomicrons transport (dietary lipids or lipids made in the liver) to the body cells.

Dietary Lipids: Chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein made in the small intestine that transport lipids from the diet to the rest of the body. Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) transports lipids made in the liver and collected from chylomicron remnants.

(Adipokines or Eicosanoids) have a localized effect.

Eicosanoids: Eicosanoids are biologically active compounds that are secreted locally whenever there is a disturbance to the cell.

Lipids are a large group of substances that are (Soluble or Insoluble) in water.

INSOLUBLE: Many types of lipids with different structures and properties exist both in the body and in food.

A saturated fatty acid contains (0 or 1+) double bonds within the fatty acid chain, whereas an unsaturated fatty acid contains (0 or 1+) double bonds.

Saturated fatty acid = 0 double bonds Unsaturated fatty acid = 1 or more A saturated fatty acid contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms. An unsaturated fatty acid contains one or more double bonds.

Most lipid digestion occurs in the (stomach or small intestine).

Small Intestine: The small intestine is the site of lipid digestion because bile is secreted only into the small intestine, not into the stomach.

A(An) _______ fatty acid is liquid at room temperature and is not hydrogenated. Saturated or unsaturated fatty acid?

Unsaturated: Fats containing high amounts of saturated fatty acids tend to be solid at room temperature because the saturated fatty acids stack together. Unsaturated fatty acids do not stack neatly because the double bond causes the fatty acid to bend.