Nutrition Chapter 6

Which of the following is true about protein?

It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids.

Proteins that bind to foreign proteins in the body are

antibodies

Food proteins are used most efficiently when we

are consuming enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kilocalorie needs.

An essential amino acid

cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs. can be formed in the body from semiessential amino acids.

In the case of sickle cell anemia, the slight alterations in the DNA of red blood cells lead to

changes in the structure of the protein hemoglobin.

Kwashiorkor appears in children between the ages of 2 and 5 years. The reason is that

children have been weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels.

The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is

converted to urea

Cooking an egg alters its appearance due to

denaturation.

All of the following describe kwashiorkor and marasmus except

diseases that are troublesome but not life threatening.

The child with marasmus has all of the following conditions except

edema in the abdomen and legs.

The most reliable source of vitamin B12 for the vegan would be

fortified soybean milk.

When there is a need for increased dietary protein during pregnancy or lactation, which foodstuff would be least desirable?

gelatin

A protein that acts as a hormone is

insulin

All of the following are true of high-quality protein except

it provides 7 kcal/g of energy.

All of the following are true of the alteration of the three-dimensional structure of a protein except

it tends to be rigid and retains its structure.

Marasmus usually is associated with a deficiency of

kilocalories

A vegetarian who excludes animal flesh but consumes such products as milk and eggs is referred to as a(n)

lactoovovegetarian.

A hereditary condition caused by an incorrect amino acid in the amino acid sequence of a protein chain is

sickle cell anemia.

One would be likely to see positive protein balance in all of the following conditions except

starvation.

When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is

stored as glycogen and/or fat.

All of the following describe the fate of excess protein except

stored as muscle protein.

All of the following are primary functions of protein except to

supply more than 40 percent of the kilocalories in the diet.

Wilma is an alcoholic. Her liver has been damaged to such a degree that it cannot produce the appropriate blood proteins for fluid balance. She develops a condition called edema, which is

the build up of fluids in extracellular spaces

High protein diets may be harmful for

those with kidney disease.

Kwashiorkor usually is associated with a deficiency of

protein.

Antibodies are

proteins

.

.

Currently, the best estimate for the amount of protein required for nearly all adults is _____ grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

.8

The RDA for protein translates into approximately what percentage of total daily kilocalorie needs?

10%

Approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins?

20

The typical American diet supplies approximately what percentage of protein as essential amino acids?

50%

Jack weighs 176 pounds (80 kilograms). What would be his RDA for protein?

64 grams

Which of the following is true about protein intake in the United States?

About 70 percent of the protein we eat in the United States comes from animal products.

If the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for glucose, which of the following can be converted to glucose?

Amino acids

Which of the following is not true about the events during and after absorption of the products of protein digestion?

Many whole proteins are absorbed and enter the blood.

Which of the following is a food that provides all of the essential amino acids?

Milk

Which of the following is true about protein intake of people in the United States?

Most consume more than is needed

What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Order of appearance of amino acids in the peptide chain

What enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein?

Pepsin

Which of the following is not true about pepsin?

Pepsin works best in an alkaline environment.

If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action?

Protein synthesis will be limited.

The child with kwashiorkor has all the following conditions except

Skin and bones appearance

Proteins are digested in which areas of the body?

Stomach and small intestine

If a person does not eat enough carbohydrate to supply the glucose the body needs, which of the following will happen?

The liver will convert amino acids to glucose

Johnny is 10 years old. He has had minimal protein intake for the last two years. He has just recently had surgery. What are the likely results of his deficient protein intake?

The size of his vital organs, including his heart, liver, and muscles, will decrease.

Which of the following is not true about body proteins?

They are static and change little after achievement of adult status.

Which of the following is not true about an incomplete protein source?

To adequately meet protein needs from incomplete protein sources, a person would have to eat two complementary proteins. Lower quantities of this source could be eaten to get adequate quantities of essential amino acids.

If Betty wants to eat the most nutrient-dense source of protein, she would eat

Tuna

Proteins regulate the acid-base balance of the blood by

acting as buffers.

All of the following are essential amino acids except

alanine.

The basic building block of a protein is called a(n)

amino acid.

Edema appears when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because

blood protein levels fall and fluid shifts to the tissues.

The edema in children with kwashiorkor is the result of fluid leaking into

body tissues from the bloodstream because of decreased blood protein levels.

The combination of plant foods that most often is used to provide complete protein is

legumes and grains

If a food does not contain the necessary amounts of a certain amino acid to meet a body need, that amino acid is referred to as a(n)

limiting amino acid.

Maggie has anorexia nervosa and regularly starves herself. She is likely to be in a state of

negative protein balance.

The chemical element found in all amino acids but not found in either carbohydrates or fats is

nitrogen

The chemical bond joining adjacent amino acids is called a(n) _____________ bond.

peptide

When comparing plant sources of protein to animal sources, we could say

plant sources tend to be higher in dietary fiber.

Donovan has been consuming large quantities of food and in violation of safe rules of athletic training is injecting testosterone. He has been seeing large temporary gains in muscle mass. He is in a state of

positive protein balance.

The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes "The New American Plate," which includes plant-based foods covering __________________ of the plate and meat, fish, poultry, or low-fat dairy covering __________________ of the plate.

two-thirds (or more); one-third (or less)

A vegetarian who eats only plant foods is a(n)

vegan