Nutrition Chapter 6 Review

Which health claim has been approved by the FDA for usage on bean packages and cans?

"Diets including beans may reduce your risk of heart disease and certain cancers."

The DRI recommend a protein intake of _____ gram(s) per kilogram of desirable body weight per day.

0.8

The recommended amount of legumes is _______ for a 2,000-calorie diet.

1 ½ to 2 cups weekly

Jennifer is following an 1,800-calorie weight loss plan where 30% of her daily calories are supposed to come from protein. How many grams of protein should Jennifer try to eat each day?

135g

If a man consumes 95 grams of protein and 2,400 total calories per day, approximately what percentage of calories would he derive from protein?

15

A total of ____ amino acids compose the majority of protein in living things and nine are ____ to humans.

20; essential

A food contains 21 grams of protein, 12 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of total fat. What is the percentage of calories from protein in this food?

47 percent

Matt is at his ideal weight of 190 pounds. How much protein would you recommend he consume daily?

69 grams

What is the percent digestibility of most plant proteins?

70-90

Which food is least likely to cause food allergies?

Rice

Soybeans differ from other legumes because they ____.

Supply all of the essential amino acids

If amino acids are oversupplied, their amine group is excreted and the fragments that remain are converted to ____.

glucose, glycogen, or fat

The main difference between a food intolerance and a food allergy is the ____.

involvement of the immune system

What is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for a vegan?

Fortified soy milk

What happens if the diet is lacking an essential amino acid?

Protein synthesis will be halted

What is the relationship between body proteins and water?

Proteins attract water

Which food selection is the lowest in protein?

An apple

________ are special proteins that inactivate foreign bacteria and viruses.

Antibodies

______ are compounds that function to maintain a constant pH in the body.

Buffers

Legumes are rich in B vitamins and ____.

Fiber

From which of the following would you expect the amino acids in the protein to be most easily absorbed by the body?

Chicken

The strategy of combining two plant protein foods in a meal so that each provides the essential amino acids lacking in the other features ____.

Complementary proteins

__________ is the disruption of a protein chain's normal shape due to heat or acidity.

Denaturation

Which of the following is not an assumption that recommendations for protein intake are based on?

Dietary protein is of high quality only.

Tim is a 24-year-old college student who learns that he is allergic to shrimp. What advice would you give Tim?

Do not eat shrimp at all

Of all the roles proteins play in the body, which one has the highest priority?

Energy

Complementary protein sources must be eaten within two hours of one another to meet the body's need for essential amino acids.

False

Eating only plant foods will not provide enough protein to meet daily needs.

False

Essential amino acids are those that the healthy adult body can synthesize, given the needed parts.

False

Food allergies and food intolerances differ only in their severity of the reaction and symptoms.

False

MyPlate food guide identifies legumes as the only food featured in two different categories, the Grain group and the Protein Foods group.

False

Only when consumption of carbohydrate and fat calories is insufficient will protein be converted to fat.

False

Protein is primarily used by the body as an energy source.

False

Soybeans are a legume which means this plant-based protein source is of lower quality compared to an egg.

False

The amino acids in a strand of protein are similar to the identical repeating structure of sugars in carbohydrates.

False

Vegans are at particular risk for a vitamin C deficiency.

False

With energy needs met in the diet, excess protein is stored as muscle or lean body mass.

False

What is responsible for causing the symptoms seen during an allergic reaction such as inflammation, itching, hives, dilation of blood vessels, and a drop in blood pressure?

Histamines

___________ initiates denaturation, the first step in breakdown of a protein.

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach

What is the meaning of the term "protein-sparing"?

If the diet provides enough carbohydrates and fats for energy, protein can be used to make new proteins.

Joe is a college student interested in getting more muscular. A friend suggests that drinking a shake with raw eggs will increase his muscle mass. You tell him that one reason for cooking eggs prior to their consumption is that it releases ____.

Iron and Biotin

Which two minerals need special attention in the diets of all vegetarians?

Iron and zinc

Bonnie, who has a peanut allergy, peruses the refreshment table at a bridal shower. She sees a plate stacked with sandwich triangles: some made with peanut butter, and some with pimento cheese. Which statement is true?

It is unsafe for Bonnie to eat a pimiento cheese sandwich because of potential cross-contamination.

Which type of vegetarian would drink a glass of milk but not eat scrambled eggs?

Lacto-vegetarian

Four friends are dining out, and the waiter brings their orders, but one of them is wrong. Which person's order is incorrect?

Minnie, an lacto-vegetarian who is served a mushroom-tomato omelet

_________ is found in all proteins but is absent in carbohydrates or fats.

Nitrogen

Which type of vegetarian excludes all animal-derived foods except eggs?

Ovo-vegetarian

Which combination of foods fails to provide all of the essential amino acids?

Pasta with whole-wheat bread

The recommendations for protein are based on the assumption that the consumed protein will come from ____.

Plant and animal sources

A protein chain is made up of amino acids hooked together by peptide bonds.

True

A vegan diet centers around grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and excludes all dairy, eggs, poultry, and meat.

True

Flaxseed oil and soybean oil are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

True

The only treatment for food allergies is to avoid the offending food.

True

There is no practical source of vitamin D in plant foods.

True

When there is a great shortage of amino acids, the body must break down such tissues as blood, muscle, and skin.

True

When amino acids are degraded for energy or glucose production, their amine groups are incorporated by the liver into ____.

Urea

________ is the vitamin that is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet.

Vitamin B12

Brian eats 210 g of protein and 2,500 calories. Is he within the AMDR recommendation for protein intake?

Yes, he is within the recommendation of 10 to 35 percent.

Vegans need to take care to get enough dietary ______ since binders in plant foods may reduce the availability of the nutrient to the body.

Zinc

The mineral ______ is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet.

calcium

The best advice for someone who is a vegetarian to obtain enough protein in the diet is to ____.

consume a varied diet on a daily basis

The quality of a protein depends upon the proportion of ____.

essential amino acids present

The average American's protein intake features ____.

excess intake of animal proteins

An amino acid that is not necessary in the diet is called a ________.

nonessential amino acid

When protein reaches the ____, it is made up largely of di- and tripeptides.

small intestine

Enzymes are ____.

specific for a particular reaction