Nutrition exam #1
What are the risk factors of Heart disease, Lung cancer, Skin cancer
High fat diet, smoking, sun exposure
Carbohydrates provide the body with ___ kcal per gram
4
how often or dietary guidelines updated?
About every five years
During processing __________ are incorporated into foods to contribute to flavor, Browning and tenderness, and preservation of food
Added sugars
The main function of ______ is to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion
Bile
Play is the foods in order of highest energy density to lowest: Whole milk Lettuce Chicken breast Butter
Butter whole milk Chicken breast Lettuce
Which of the following would be effective in decreasing a person's risk for premature death? •Reading a book •consuming fruits and vegetable •exercising regularly •traveling to exotic locations
Consuming fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly
A valid experiment requires both a treatment and _________ group.
Control
A poor diet and physical inactivity will increase your risk of
Dying prematurely
A _______ is the amount of nutrient that should meet the needs of 50% of the healthy people who are in a particular lifestage/gender group
EAR
Foods that contain a high water content tend to be low in
Energy
T/F: energy - dense foods are also known as empty calorie foods.
False
Which of the following foods is most nutrient dense? Sugar sweetened cola drink coffee fat-free milk
Fat free milk
A dietary supplement in health education act of 1994 allows manufactures to classify nutrient supplements as
Foods
Glycogen is comprised of many _______ units bonded together
Glucose
The _____ uses cholesterol to make a bile
Liver
The hepatic portal vein takes water-soluble nutrients to the_____
Liver
Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the _______ and in the _________
Liver, muscles
What types of periodicals would contain pier - reviewed articles?
Scientific journals
A person with dumping syndrome often experience the following soon after eating a meal
Sweating, abdominal fullness, and nausea
T/F: overweight Americans are considered Malnourished
True
T/F: the estimated energy requirement is based on the needs of healthy individuals
True
What does a positive correlation?
Two variables are changing in the same direction
Compared to the past, today's typical American diet can contribute to serious disease such as:
Type two diabetes, obesity
What can help ensure nutritional adequacy and a diet?
Variety, balance
Approximately 50% to 70% of the body's total weight is___
Water
Which of the following are signs of metabolic syndrome?
We circumference >35 inches (women), triglycerides >/= 150 mg/dL
What is a negative correlation?
When one variable increases and the other one decreases
When the body is recovering from illness, it
Withdraws nutrients from storage
Can amino acids be converted into glucose?
Yes
Estimated average requirement (EAR)
Amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people
Dietary moderation can be achieved by
Choosing nutrient dense foods, limiting serving sizes
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all...
Classes of nutrients
Why is high fructose corn syrup such a commonly used food additive
Corn is ready available in the United States, and fructose is sweeter than glucose
Match the hormone with its effect and blood glucose: insulin, glucagon
Decreases blood glucose, increases blood glucose
Age group vs. eating related description. Infants, young adults, other adults
Eating controlled by "gatekeepers", broaden food choices, health driven food choices
A nutrient that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food is considered
Essential
A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a_________ nutrient.
Essential
What factor's can upset the normal balance of the intestinal Microflora
Excessive emotional stress, starvation, antibiotic use
The dietary supplement and health education act of 1994 allows manufactures to classify nutrient supplements as___________
Foods
The _______ population is now the largest minority group in the US
Hispanic
____________ is a condition that occurs when blood glucose level is too low to provide enough energy for the cells
Hypoglycemia
The nutrition facts panel:
Indicates serving amounts, less certain food constituents, indicates the percent daily value of some food constitutents
Which of the following are functions of the liver
Makes cholesterol, and manufactures bile
Most foods contain nutrients from many of the classes of food groups. Which food listed below does not follow this pattern
Margarine
______ Foods are foods produced without the use of antibiotics, hormones, or synthetic fertilizers or pesticides
Organic
Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called _______
Peristalsis
Components of saliva include:
Salivary amylase, linguinal lipase
The process of non-essential nutrients becoming conditionally essential may be the result of:
Serious diseases, pregnancy, metabolic disorders
The RDAs are standards for recommendation daily intake of
Several nutrients
What is not a typical cause of vomiting
Smelling a pleasant odor
Poor eating habits contribute to the development of:
Some types of cancer, heart disease, excess body fat, type 2 diabetes
Which of the following is true about control groups
The results of an experiment are unclear or in accurate if no control group is used.
What is an epidemiological study?
The study of occurrence, distribution, and cause of health problems in a population
T/F: the dynamic and rapidly advancing field of nutrition necessitates that scientist change their recommendations in the light of new, substantiated findings
True
What type of nutrients are observed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before the into the general circulation?
Water soluble vitamins
What are some natural food sources of sucrose
Carrots and maple syrup
Lipids
Energy
Which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose?
Galactose and glucose
A _______ _______ is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.
Nutrient requirement
What are the top three leading causes of death do Americans and order
Stroke, heart disease, cancer
Which of the following is not required on the supplement facts label?
Structure function claim
Which definition best describes absorption
Substances are taking up from the G.I. tract and enter the bloodstream or the lymph
The primary purpose of the villi is to increase the ________ of the small intestine in order to enhance absorption rates
Surface area
Examples of soul foods include____
Sweet potato pie and Black eyed peas
What are the five primary taste sensation
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami
______ is considered the most essential nutrient
Water
A person as usual pattern of food intake is called:
Diet
What is fortification?
It is the addition of nutrients to any food
What is a case control study?
Individuals with health conditions such as heart disease or breast cancer are matched persons with similar characteristics who do not have the condition
A control group is important for which of the following reasons?
It allows scientists to determine if a treatment had an effect. It enables scientist to control the influence of control variables unrelated to the study. It is important to the validity and accuracy of an experiment
Which of the following will assist consumers and identifying sources of credible nutrition information?
Looking for references to research articles and reading peer-reviewed journals
The body breaks food down into ______ such as carbohydrates, fat and protein
Nutrients
What are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide?
Protein, vitamins, calcium
Kcal cost of each food. 10 grams carbohydrates 5 grams fat 4grams protein
10g x 4cal/g= 40 kcal 5g x 9 cal/g= 45 kcal 4g x 4 cal/g= 16 kcal
In regards to healthy people 2020, a major focus of the government is on the __________ of obesity and chronic health problems.
Prevention
Minerals
Regulation of fluid balance information of structural and functional components
The tolerable upper intake level is the maximum chronic daily intake of a nutrient_________.
That is unlikely to cause health effects and almost all people, above which toxicity effects are likely
What is enrichment?
The addition of specific amounts of iron and the B vitamins that I am in, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid to specific refried grain products such as wheat flour and white rice
What is generally an unpleasant experience but helpful because it prevents toxic substance from entering the small intestine
Vomiting
Though ________ is required in large amounts of the body, it does not provide energy.
Water
______ is the study of how the body uses nutrients
Nutrition
What term describes a food or beverage that has more vitamins and minerals in relation to its energy value
Nutrient dense
_______ is A state of health that occurs when the body is in properly nourished
Malnutrition
What is a major food source of lactose?
Milk
Carbohydrates
Milk, fruits, and vegetables
_______ I live micro organisms that play a role in maintaining good health for their human host
Probiotics
Adequate intake(AI)
Nutrient intake recommendation set with research is not sufficient to determine RDA
________ it's a condition that can result from consuming more calories than needed.
Obesity
What circumstances will motivate a person to improve ingrained food related behaviors?
Motivated to prove and help and desired to gain/lose weight
____________ are a major source of energy for cells
Carbohydrates
__________ ______ is a serious chronic disease characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism
Diabetes mallitus
What is the amount of carbohydrate to prevent ketosis
130g/day
There are ____ kcal in 1 g of alcohol
7
Lipids contain ___ kcal per gram
9
What does the term starch mean?
A carbohydrate is made up of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest
What is a placebo effect?
A fake treatment, such as the pill, injection, or medical procedure
What is chyme?
A semi liquid mass
The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of:
Amylase
Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and Aspartic acid?
Aspartame
When defining the word "malnutrition", Mal means________
Bad
Which of the following foods would be considered a nutrient dense
Baked potato Vegetarian pizza
Why should a physician be consulted for vomiting?
Combined with fever and diarrhea, or presence of blood in the vomit
_______ carbohydrates have three or more monosaccharides bonded together
Complex
The information we know about the relationship between diet and health
Constantly evolving
The information we know about the relationship between diet and health is:
Constantly evolving
A ________ group, which receives no treatment, allows researchers to determine if an experimental treatment has any effect.
Control
The exchange system was originally developed to assist those with
Diabetes
______ calorie foods are ones that are high in solid fats and/or added sugar. They provide calories, but few to no nutrients. Some examples are cookies, cakes, sodas, pizza and candy.
Empty
Select all the ways supermarkets market products.
End of aisle displays, selection of flooring material, positioning on shelves
Diabetes is characterized by abnormal metabolism of:
Fat, glucose, and protein
As compared to 1970, the current American diet contains more
Fat, sugar
What is the major monosaccharide found in the body
Glucose
A true nutrition expert_________.
Has experience in the application of scientific methodology, is usually a registered dietitian, has extensive college coursework and nutrition, food science, and chemistry
In 2011, ________ _______ was the leading cause of death in America
Heart disease
Tolerable upper intake level or upper level(UL)
Highest amount of daily nutrient intake's unlikely to cause adverse health effects
What is true about a monosaccharide
It is a chemical unit of carbohydrates, and it is the simplest type of sugar
The traditional native American diet was _______ in sodium and _______ fat and in fiber.
Low, high
Which factors are most likely to influence food choices?
Mood, peers, religious believes
Is milk a natural source of sucrose?
No
Water-soluble nutrients are absorbed through the _______ vein
Portal
_______ are food components in a wide variety of foods, such as soybeans and berries, that are used as fuel for beneficial bacteria in the large intestine
Pre-biotics
A _________ ________ is a college - trained health - care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods and nutrition.
Registered dietitian
Vitamins
Regulation of body processes and immune function
Water
Regulation of body temperature
Components of saliva include:
Salivary amylase, and linguinal lipase
______ is a hormone that stimulates the pancreas and liver to release a bicarbonate rich solution to raise the pH of chyme
Secretin
The wall of the ________ is the thickest and strongest of the G.I. tract
Stomach
What are the causes of diarrhea?
The G.I. tract absorbs less water than normal, more water than normal is secreted into the G.I. tract
The typical American diet of those 2 years and older does not provide enough...
Vegetables. Fruits. Dairy.
What can help ensure nutritional adequacy and a diet?
Balance and variety
Trent claims on food labels_______.
Can be quantified, or very specific, and follow legal definitions
What are the six major classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Meats
Cheeses,chicken, pork
What does - blind indicate?
Neither the investigators nor the subjects are aware of the subjects group's assignments
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
Nutrient intake recommendation set to meet the needs of nearly all individuals of a given age and gender
Fat
Nuts and seeds
Compared to the past, today's typical American diet can contribute to serious diseases such as:
Obesity and type 2 diabetes
