Nutrition Exam 1- Chapter 3
The most important factor determining which energy system will be used is the intensity of the exercise.
true
Investigations have noted that the increases or decreases noted in the TEF due to exercise were minor, averaging about 5-9 Calories for several hours.
true
Other than when sleeping, the basal metabolic rate is the lowest rate of energy expenditure.
true
Parts of each energy nutrient may be converted to the other two nutrients in the body under certain circumstances.
true
Regulatory nutrients, such as water, vitamins, and minerals, are essential for proper utilization of body energy sources.
true
The longer you exercise, the less your intensity has to be, and the more you rely on your oxygen system for energy production.
true
The most important factor affecting the metabolic rate is the intensity or speed of the exercise.
true
The oxygen system possesses a lower rate of ATP production, but its capacity for total ATP production is much greater.
true
1. Work may be expressed as foot-pounds, kilogram-meters, and joules. In essence then, to measure work one needs to know the weight of an object and the
vertical distance through which it moved
28. If a 70-kilogram body weight athlete was exercising at an oxygen consumption level of 2.94 liters (2,940ml) per minute, what would be the approximate MET level? A. 8 B. 10 C. 11 D. 12 E. 14
D. 12
5. The oxygen system A. produces ATP in rather large quantities from other energy sources in the body. B. involves aerobic processing of carbohydrates to some extent, with major utilization of protein. C. is used primarily in sports that demand strenuous exercise. D. depends upon reactions that occur in the nucleus of the cell.
A. produces atp in rather large quantities from other energy sources in the body
49. The rate of energy production for the ATP PCR system is about ________________, while the rate of energy production from fat is about ______________________ A. 15 to 20 kcal/min; 2.5 kcal/min. B. 2.5 kcal/min; 15 to 20 kcal/min. C. 200 kcal/min; 25 kcal/min. D. 5 kcal/min; 5 kcal/min. The rate of energy production is similar between these systems, but the amount stored in the body is very different.
A. 15 to 20 kcal/min; 2.5 kcal/min.
22. On a mixed diet of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, what percent of the energy expenditure at rest is derived from fat? A. 60 percent B. 50 percent C. 40 percent D. 30 percent
A. 60 percent
41. Which energy system has the greatest POWER generating ability, i.e., speed? A. ATP-PC B. lactic acid C. anaerobic glycolysis D. aerobic glycolysis E. aerobic lipolysis
A. ATP-PC
30. Which energy system would predominate in an all-out, high-intensity, 100-meter dash in track? A. ATP-PC (phosphagen) B. Lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis) C. Aerobic glycolysis D. Aerobic lipolysis E. Aerobic proteolysis
A. ATP-PC (phosphagen)
13. Which of the following exercises would be the energy equivalent of jogging one mile? A. Bicycling 3 miles B. Leisurely walking 3 miles C. Swimming 1/3 miles D. In-line skating one mile at the same pace as jogging
A. Bicycling 3 miles
45. The greatest amount of energy stored in our body is in the form of: A. Triglycerides in our muscles and in our adipose B. Glycogen in our liver and in our muscles C. Triglycerides in our liver D. ATP
A. Triglycerides in our muscles and in our adipose
51. During glycolysis, one six carbon sugar (glucose) is broken down to: A. Two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate B. One 3 carbon molecule of pyruvate C. Six four carbon citrates D. 3 NADH and 4 FADH2
A. Two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate
34. Which of the following statements concerning the interrelationships between various forms of energy is FALSE? A. a kilocalorie of energy is less than a kilojoule of energy B. a liter of oxygen can help produce about five kilocalories when metabolizing carbohydrate C. a gram of fat has more Calories than two grams of carbohydrate D. a gram of fat has more Calories than a gram of protein E. none of these statements is false; all are true
A. a kilocalorie of energy is less than a kilojoule of energy
40. Which of the following energy systems has the greatest CAPACITY for energy production, i.e., endurance? A. aerobic glycolysis B. lactic acid C. anaerobic glycolysis D. anaerobic lipolysis E. phosphagen (ATP-PC)
A. aerobic glycolysis
16. Type IIa muscle fibers A. are known as fast-twitch red fibers. B. can produce energy by aerobic processes only. C. can produce energy by the lactic acid system only. D. are also referred to as FG.
A. are known as fast-twitch red fibers.
15. A type I muscle fiber A. is called a slow-twitch red fiber. B. can produce energy primarily by anaerobic processes. C. is also referred to as FOG. D. All of these statements apply to type I muscle fibers.
A. is called a slow-twitch red fiber.
38. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the resting metabolic rate (RMR)? A. it is lower than the metabolic rate when sleeping B. it is higher in men than in women C. it generally declines with age D. it is increased somewhat for 30 minutes or more following a bout of intense exercise E. it may be higher following the ingestion of caffeine-containing coffee
A. it is lower than the metabolic rate when sleeping
2. The immediate source of energy for all body processes, including muscle contraction, is A. muscle glycogen. B. adenosine triphosphate. C. phosphocreatine. D. both ATP and PC.
Adenosine Triphosphate
27. Approximately how many Calories will a 150-pound individual use while jogging a mile? A. 70 B. 110 C. 145 D. 200 E. 250
B. 110
21. During a ten minute period of maximal work, the contribution of the aerobic energy system to the total energy need would be A. 95 percent. B. 85 percent. C. 70 percent. D. 50 percent.
B. 85 percent.
36. Which energy substance does the body use DIRECTLY to perform its multitude of functions, such as muscle contraction? A. glycogen B. phosphocreatine (PC) C. ATP D. glucose E. oxygen
C. ATP
6. Which of the following is an example of catabolism? A. Increased muscle mass gained through weight training B. Constructive metabolism C. The changing of muscle glycogen to muscle glucose D. The better use of oxygen following endurance training
C. The changing of muscle glycogen to muscle glucose
43. Which of the following statements regarding fatigue during muscular exercise is FALSE? A. Fatigue may be chronic or acute; chronic fatigue is generally associated with overtraining, or under-recovery, and may occur more in endurance-type athletes B. Central fatigue, as contrasted to peripheral fatigue, involves fatigue occurring directly in the exercising muscles; one example might be the accumulation of excess hydrogen ions from lactic acid, which may impair energy-generating processes in the muscle cell C. In sports or exercise, fatigue is generally defined as the inability to continue exercising at a desired level of intensity D. The most important factor in the prevention of premature fatigue is proper physiological, psychological, and biomechanical training E. Certain dietary strategies are theorized to help delay the onset of fatigue during exercise, and several have been found to be effective
B. Central fatigue, as contrasted to peripheral fatigue, involves fatigue occurring directly in the exercising muscles; one example might be the accumulation of excess hydrogen ions from lactic acid, which may impair energy-generating processes in the muscle cell
10. Which of the following statements about energy expenditure is INCORRECT? A. The cost of running a given distance does not depend on the speed of movement B. Hand weights seem to increase energy expenditure only when used at slower speeds C. Swimming a given distance takes about four times as much energy as running that distance D. The use of hand weights may exaggerate the blood pressure response
B. Hand weights seem to increase energy expenditure only when used at slower speeds
24. When participating in very mild aerobic activities, which of the following will lead to fatigue in very prolonged bouts? A. Diminishing carbohydrate levels. B. Low blood-sugar levels. C. Low stores of fat. D. All of these answers will lead to fatigue.
B. Low blood-sugar levels.
48. In humans, the majority of glucose is: A. Stored in the liver as glycogen B. Stored in the muscles as glycogen C. Carried in the blood as blood sugar D. Stored in the fat as monosaccharides
B. Stored in the muscles as glycogen
20. As you perform mild to moderate exercise (up to 50 percent of your VO2 max), you will use A. only carbohydrate energy sources. B. blood glucose and fat. C. 80 percent carbohydrate energy sources. D. 95 percent carbohydrate energy sources.
B. blood glucose and fat.
8. The resting energy expenditure is A. increased when the ratio of body surface area to body weight is decreased. B. higher during adolescence than during adulthood. C. decreased when an individual is exposed to the cold. D. 25 percent lower for a female when compared to that of a male.
B. higher during adolescence than during adulthood
17. Type IIb muscle fibers A. are also known as fast-twitch red fibers. B. produce energy primarily by anaerobic processes. C. use the ATP-PC system at a slower rate than Type I. D. are also referred to as FOG.
B. produce energy primarily by anaerobic processes.
19. The main energy source for the oxygen system during exercise of 2 hours in length would be A. glycogen found in the muscle, liver, and blood. B. triglycerides. C. carbohydrates. D. protein.
B. triglycerides.
26. One liter of oxygen is the equivalent of approximately how many Calories when oxidizing carbohydrate and fat? A. 2 B. 5 C. 8 D. 12 E. 20
B.5
14. The Caloric expenditure of running one mile is approximately _____ Calories per pound of bodyweight. A. 0.55 B. 0.64 C. 0.73 D. 0.82
C. 0.73
52. One glucose molecule that is processed through the lactic acid system (sometimes called anaerobic/fast glycolysis) yields: A. 130 ATP B. 32 net ATP C. 2 net ATP D. 1 net ATP
C. 2 net ATP
29. If you exercise at an intensity of 1 liter of oxygen per minute, about how many Calories would you burn in one hour? A. 50 B. 100 C. 300 D. 700 E. 1,000
C. 300
37. Which of the following statements relative to exercise and metabolic rate is FALSE? A. the intensity of the exercise is the most important factor to increase the metabolic rate B. increased efficiency for swimming a set distance will decrease the energy cost C. a heavier, inefficient runner will burn fewer Calories running a mile than a lighter runner D. oxygen consumption and heart rate are two ways to monitor the metabolic rate E. walking a mile slowly uses fewer Calories than running a mile
C. a heavier, inefficient runner will burn fewer Calories running a mile than a lighter runner
18. The main energy source for the lactic acid system during exercise is A. protein. B. phosphocreatine. C. carbohydrates. D. triglycerides.
C. carbohydrates.
9. All of the following are laboratory techniques used to measure the role of the lactic acid system in exercise EXCEPT A. the anaerobic threshold. B. the steady-state threshold. C. maximal oxygen uptake. D. onset of blood lactic acid.
C. maximal oxygen uptake
7. The elevation of the metabolic rate that occurs after ingestion of a meal is A. increased significantly by the ingestion of fat. B. accountable for less than 3 percent of the total daily energy expenditure. C. referred to as dietary-induced thermogenesis or thermic effect of food. D. significantly higher in obese subjects when compared to lean subjects.
C. referred to as dietary induced thermogenesis or thermic effect of food
11. Studies investigating the metabolic aftereffects of exercise indicate that A. exercise will keep the REE elevated during the recovery period at levels 20 to 25 percent higher than the pre-exercise REE. B. hormones will influence metabolic processes in such a way that circulation and respiration will remain elevated for 6-8 hours. C. the effect is dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout. D. the additional energy expenditure ranged from 50-100 Calories.
C. the effect is dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout.
31. Which of the following classifications of physical activity is rated as light, mild aerobic exercise because it is likely to burn less than 5 Calories per minute? A. competitive racquetball B. running at a speed of 7 miles per hour C. walking at a speed of 2.0 miles per hour D. competitive singles tennis E. bicycling at a speed of 18 miles per hour
C. walking at a speed of 2.0 miles per hour
47. Brian learns in his favorite nutrition class that he gets a larger percentage of energy from fat when he is sleeping than when he runs intensely for 3 miles. He decides that the best way for him to reduce his body fat is by sleeping all day. What is going to happen to Brian? A. Brian will lose the most fat if he sleeps all day. B. Brian will only lose weight if he exercises at exercise intensities low enough to get him in his "fat burning zone." C. Brian will burn mostly phosphocreatine and lactic acid as he sleeps, so this makes no sense. D. Brian will not lose weight sleeping, it matters how many total calories of fat he will expend, not what percent of his expended calories come from fat.
D. Brian will not lose weight sleeping, it matters how many total calories of fat he will expend, not what percent of his expended calories come from fat.
44. Which of the following training adaptations would be of MOST use to an athlete competing in the 100-meter dash (less than 10 seconds)? A. Increased number of mitochondria B. Increased fat burning capacity C. Increased efficiency of the electron transport system D. Increased stores of phosphocreatine
D. Increased stores of phosphocreatine
35. In Europe, the energy value of food is expressed in: A. milligrams B. ounces C. Calories D. kilojoules E. micrograms
D. Kilojoules
46. If you were to stand up during this exam, and sprint down the hall and out of the building (about 10 seconds of activity), what fuel sources would allow you to do this? A. All stored ATP and phosphocreatine B. All stored carbohydrate C. All stored fat D. Mostly stored ATP and phosphocreatine, but also some glycogen and fat
D. Mostly stored ATP and phosphocreatine, but also some glycogen and fat
12. Your total daily energy expenditure is the sum of your A. BMR, REE, and TEF. B. BMR, EMR, and TEF. C. REE, RMR, and TEE. D. REE, TEF, and TEE.
D. REE, TEF, and TEE.
23. Which one of the following statements about fatigue is true? A. Fatigue may only be physiological in nature B. The site of fatigue is classified solely in the central nervous system C. Fatigue is always due to an insufficient supply of the optimal energy source D. The most important factor in the prevention of fatigue during exercise is training
D. The most important factor in the prevention of fatigue during exercise is training
25. In very high-intensity exercise, lasting only one or two minutes, the probable cause of fatigue is A. a depletion of phosphocreatine. B. a depletion of carbohydrate stores. C. loss of lipid reserves. D. disruption of cellular metabolism caused by the accumulation of hydrogen ions.
D. disruption of cellular metabolism caused by the accumulation of hydrogen ions.
50. The unit of measure equal to the energy needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius is: A. a gram B. calorie C. tesla D. kilocalories
D. kilocalories
3. One gram of fat yields _______ Calories.
D9
33. Which of the following energy sources found in the human body represents the LOWEST storage of potential energy in the form of total Calories? A. muscle protein B. liver glycogen C. muscle glycogen D. adipose tissue triglycerides E. blood glucose
E. Blood Glucose
32. In the average sedentary individual, approximately what percentage of the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is determined by the basal energy expenditure (BEE)? A. less than 10 B. 10-20 C. 30-40 D. 40-50 E. greater than 50
E. greater than 50
39. Which body fuel can be utilized for both aerobic and anaerobic energy production? A. blood free fatty acids B. fat C. protein D. muscle triglycerides E. muscle glycogen
E. muscle glycogen
42. Which system produces ATP via the Krebs cycle? A. ATP-PC B. phosphagen C. anaerobic glycolysis D. lactic acid E. oxygen
E. oxygen
53. Work is one form of energy, often called mechanical energy.
True
4. Which of the following sport events would rely on the lactic acid system for most of the energy production? A. Competitive weight lifting B. The 100 meter dash C. The 800 meter run D. A 5 kilometer run
c. the 800 meter run
55. Calorimeters were developed to measure chemical, as well as, mechanical energy.
false
56. To convert Calories to kilojoules, divide the number of Calories by
false
As you exceed 50 percent of your VO2 max, you begin to rely more and more on fat as an energy source.
false
In-line skating at approximately the same speed as running would use about the same number of Calories per mile.
false
It is relatively simple to predict your exact metabolic rate from your exercise heart rate, if a basic formula is followed.
false
Laboratory tests are necessary to measure the contribution of the oxygen system during exercise, although this is the least commonly used technique for measuring exercise intensity.
false
The ATP-PC system predominates during the longer sprints and middle distance runs.
false
The MET is a unit that represents multiples of the thermal energy expenditure rate.
false
The fact that alcohol and fat have about twice the amount of energy per gram as either carbohydrate or protein means that they are better energy sources for the active individual.
false
The lactic acid system predominates in short, powerful bursts of muscular activity.
false
The lactic acid system, like ATP, is a direct source of energy for muscular contraction
false
To increase your daily energy expenditure, concentrate on heavy physical activities and incorporate them into your lifestyle three times per week.
false
Under normal conditions, exercise duration is the key factor in determining whether carbohydrate or fat is used.
false
54. The sun is the ultimate source of energy.
true
77. The intensity of our exercise is inversely related to the duration of our exercise.
true
At high walking speeds, you may possibly expend more energy than if you jogged at the same speed.
true