Nutrition Exam 2

Which of the following dietary practices does NOT help to protect a person from developing heart disease?

A diet which substitutes beef for fish.

Which of the following foods are the best sources of complex carbohydrates?

Cereals and grains

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from:

Cholesterol

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain significant amounts of trans fats?

Commercially made crackers and cookies

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?

Endosperm

_______ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body.

Essential

Which of the following types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease?

Type 1

Which of the following health problems can increase a person's risk of developing heart disease?

Type 2 diabetes High blood pressure Obesity

Which of the following conditions is likely to increase ketone production?

Untreated diabetes. Starvation. A very low carbohydrate diet.

Which of the following nutrients is NOT added to enriched grains?

Vitamin E

Which of the following is a good source of essential fatty acids?

Walnuts

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT:

a phosphate group.

Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes:

antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake.

Protein differs from carbohydrate and lipid in that protein:

contains the element nitrogen

Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide?

fructose, sucrose, starch

Fructose is mostly found in

fruits and vegetables

Sucrose is composed of:

glucose and fructose

The _____________________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.

glycemic index

The anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fats are beneficial in regards to:

heart disease. rheumatoid arthritis. multiple sclerosis.

Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol?

liver

All of the following foods EXCEPT _____________ help reduce LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease.

margarine containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

Consumption of all of the following tend to increase blood cholesterol EXCEPT:

monounsaturated fatty acids.

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of:

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Dietary fiber promotes a healthy intestinal microflora in part by:

promoting the production of short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells.

Current recommendations regarding fat intake suggest a healthy diet should:

provide 20 to 35% of total calories (kcal) from fat

Current recommendations regarding fat intake suggest a healthy diet should:

provide 20 to 35% of total calories (kcal) from fat.

Foods consisting mostly of fatty acids with only single bonds tend to be:

solid at room temperature.

Cholesterol is an example of a(n):

sterol

The physical characteristics, texture and taste of fatty acids are determined by:

the length of the fatty acid chain and the types of bonds between the carbon atoms.

Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as:

the types and locations of bonds between the carbons.

Chylomicrons:

transport lipids, from the food we eat into the body. are absorbed into the lymphatic system. are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell

Chylomicrons

transport lipids, from the food we eat into the body. are absorbed into the lymphatic system. are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell.

If you were to analyze the composition of adipose tissue, you would likely find an abundance of:

triglycerides

Phospholipids consist of glycerol with __________ attached.

two fatty acids and a phosphate group

High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with:

A reduced risk of heart diseases

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content?

A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate

What initially causes an atherosclerotic plaque to begin developing?

An injury to the artery wall.

__________ can help fat and water mix by breaking large fat globules into smaller ones.

Bile

Which nutrient is found in plant protein foods but not in animal protein foods?

Fiber

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained?

Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents. Fiber decreases transit time. Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins.

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase _____________ stores.

Glycogen

Reverse cholesterol transport is accomplished by:

HDLs

Which of the following is true of colon cancer?

High fiber and whole grain intake may reduce the risk. Changes in DNA underlie the development of colonic tumors. Environmental carcinogens are thought to cause many cancers.

Which food would NOT be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant?

Ice cream

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?

Insulin

Which of the following is FALSE about eating a healthy diet?

It is essential for most people to reduce total fat consumption by 25-50%.

Which of the following is used as an emulsifier in foods?

Lecithin

___________________ promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or for storage.

Lipoprotein lipase

Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol?

Liver.

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

Low-density lipoproteins

Which statement about dietary protein sources is FALSE?

Most people in the U.S. need protein supplements to meet dietary requirements.

Which of the following is characteristic of atherosclerosis?

Oxidation of LDL particles

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion?

Pancreas

Which of the following is used to make the lipid bilayer found in cell membranes in the body?

Phospholipids.

A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) ________ fatty acid.

Saturated Fatty Acid

Which nutrient(s) found in animal protein foods is not found in plant protein foods?

Saturated fat

Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct?

The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

Which of the following statements about glycogen is FALSE?

The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

Of the following foods, ___________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch.

chilled, cooked potatoes

Dietary sources of cholesterol include all of the following EXCEPT:

peanut butter.

Over the past 40 years, the fat intake of Americans has:

declined as a proportion of total kcalories consumed.

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing:

diverticular disease

An injury to an artery wall leading to inflammation could be caused by:

high blood glucose. infectious microorganisms. free radicals formed during cigarette smoking.

Eicosanoids are

hormone-like compounds, synthesized from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, needed to regulate important body processes.

Eicosanoids are:

hormone-like compounds, synthesized from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, needed to regulate important body processes.

lactose intolerance is caused by:

inadequate production of the enzyme lactase.

Chylocmicrons are formed in the:

intestine

When energy is ingested in excess of needs, the excess:

is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue.

Dietary fiber is categorized by:

its solubility in water

Fish oils are a good dietary source of:

omega-3 fatty acids

The precursor(s) for eicosanoids with health promoting properties is/are:

omega-3 fatty acids

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the:

pancreas

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by:

pancreatic hormones

Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain:

partially hydrogenated oils

Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain:

partially hydrogenated oils.