Nutrition Exam 3

RDA for Vitamin B6

1.3 mg/day for men and women < 50 years

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately what percent of total energy expenditure?

10%

Which of the following compounds is not a form of vitamin K? A) Synoquinone B) Phylloquinone C) Menaquinone D) Menadione

A) Synoquinone

Which of the following vitamins is most likely to cause toxic effects when more than 150% of the recommended amount is taken for a long period of time? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin B12 D) Niacin

A) Vitamin A

In the United States, ______ and limited food consumption are associated with thiamin deficiency.

Alcohol Abuse

An age-related condition that decreases the bioavailability of vitamin B12 is....

Atrophic Gastritis

Which meal contains the most beta-carotene? A) peanut butter sandwich, apple, potato chips B) spinach quiche, green salad, cantaloupe C) hamburger on bun, corn, granola bar D) blueberry yogurt, banana, saltine crackers

B) Spinach quiche, green salad, cantaloupe

A person with a BMI of 21 falls into what risk range for mortality?

Low risk

High vitamin E supplementation is likely to interfere with the functioning of...

Vitamin K

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Rickets =

A vitamin D deficiency disease in children

Which food provides the most riboflavin per serving? A) 1 cup of yogurt B) 5 saltine crackers C) 1.5 cups of tossed salad D) 1 small banana

A) 1 cup of yogurt

Which is not a sign or symptom of beriberi? A) Blindness B) Muscle weakness C) Edema D) Loss of appetite

A) Blindness

The best sources of Vitamin C are... A) Fresh fruits and vegetables B) Whole-milk dairy products C) Smoked and cured meats D) Boiled vegetables and legumes

A) Fresh fruits and vegetables

Excess fat in the ____ increases a person's risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Abdomen

Vitamin A plays critical roles in all of the following functions EXCEPT: A) Vision B) Blood Clotting C) Maintaining a Healthy GI Tract D) Normal Fetal Development

B) Blood Clotting

Which sign or symptom is characteristic of a riboflavin deficiency? A) Tingling or numbness in hands and feet B) Cracking at the corners of the mouth C) Blurred vision D) Poor blood coagulation

B) Cracking at the corners of the mouth

The primary signs and symptoms of pellagra include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Dementia B) Diabetes C) Death D) Diarrhea

B) Diabetes

Which of the following coenzymes is a derivative of niacin? A) FAD B) NAD C) TPP D) All of the above

B) NAD

The ______ remove excess water-soluble vitamins from the bloodstream and excrete them.

Kidneys

The formula kg/m^2 (weight/height^2) is used to calculate ______.

BMI

The first sign or symptom of vitamin C deficiency is...

Bleeding Gums

Calorimetry =

Measurement of the release of heat by an organism

Vitamin K is necessary for the...

Blood clotting process

_________ is a common sign of vitamin D deficiency in children.

Bowed legs

To prevent hemorrhaging in infants, which practice is recommended? A) breastfeeding every 2 hours B) offering water between feedings C) injecting vitamin K at birth D) boiling infant formula for 5 minutes

C) Injecting vitamin K at birth

Homocystine levels in the blood are influenced by all of the following nutrients EXCEPT: A) Folate B) Vitamin B6 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin B12

C) Vitamin C

Why is measuring respiratory gases by indirect calorimetry more commonly used to estimate energy expenditure than the direct method?

Measuring respiratory gases by indirect calorimetry is less expensive to conduct.

_______ anemia is caused by a deficiency of folate or vitamin B12.

Megaloblastic

Vitamin E's presence in the _____ helps defend the cell against oxidative damage.

Membrane

RDA for Thiamin

Men: 1.2 mg/day Women: 1.1 mg/day

RDA for Niacin

Men: 16 mg/day Women: 14 mg/day

Women who are considering getting pregnant are advised to take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of giving birth to infants with

Neural Tube Defects

When protein intake is adequate, the body can make _____ from tryptophan.

Niacin

Which biochemical pathway would halt if pantothenic acid were not present?

Citric Acid Cycle

TPP =

Coenzyme derived from thiamin

PLP =

Coenzyme derived from vitamin B6

Vitamin A deficiency impairs vision through its effects on what parts of the eye? A) Cornea B) Iris C) Retina D) A and C

D) A and C

The primary role of B vitamins in the body is to: A) Increase mineralization of bone B) Provide energy C) Enhance transport of nutrients across cell membranes D) Act as coenzymes or a part of coenzymes

D) Act as coenzymes or a part of coenzymes

Which one of the following food preparation or storage methods affects the amounts of vitamins in foods? A) Milling of Grains B) Boiling Vegetables C) Drying Apples D) All of the Above

D) All of the Above

Which of the following foods is not a source of Vitamin B12? A) Fortified cereals B) Grilled fish C) Milk Products D) Green, leafy vegetables

D) Green, leafy vegetables

Vitamin B6 coenzymes participate in all of the following physiological activities EXCEPT: A) Protein synthesis B) White blood cell production C) Conversion of homocystine to cystiene D) Transporting blood lipids

D) Transporting blood lipids

Which of the following signs or symptoms is not likely to be caused by vitamin A deficiency? A) rough, bumpy skin B) chronic respiratory tract infection C) scarring on the cornea of the eye D) irregular heartbeat

D) irregular heartbeat

Which body composition method also assesses bone density?

DEXA

A retinal equivalent is the amount of a particular form of vitamin A that is...

Equal to the activity of one micro-gram of retinol.

Excess vitamin A is most harmful to an embryo during the ______ months of pregnancy.

First and second

A free radical is a...

Highly reactive, unstable molecule that can damage cells

Having more fat cells than average is called _____ obesity.

Hypercellular

The area of the brain that regulates food intake is the _______.

Hypothalamus

Lean Body Mass =

Includes muscle, bone, connective tissue, organs, and water

When an obese diabetic person losses weight, he or she is likely to see an improvement in...

Insulin utilization, glucose tolerance, and blood pressure

Which person is most likely to have the lowest resting energy expenditure per kilogram of body weight?

Elderly man

A substance produced by stomach cells that is needed for absorption of vitamin B12 is...

Intrinsic Factor

Vitamin D deficiency in adulthood results in....

Osteomalacia

The primary form of vitamin K in food is...

Phylloquinone

The energy needed for ________ is not an aspect of basal or resting energy expenditure.

Physical Activity

Which body process is included in total energy expenditure measurements?

Physical activity, digestion of food, blood circulation, and any activity you/your body does to stay alive.

A ______ is an inactive form of a vitamin.

Provitamin

In the eye, retinal is important for the production of...

Rhodopsin

The lack of hunger that you feel after eating a meal is called _____.

Satiation

The deficiency disease for vitamin C is ______.

Scurvy

Surgery to treat obesity alters the...

Stomach

Teratogen =

Substance that causes birth defects

An excellent source of beta-carotene is...

Sweet potato

Which of the following activities is an example of energy output?

The heart pumping blood, sleeping, taking a walk, and just living in general

A deficiency of _______ causes Beriberi.

Thiamin

Consuming excess amounts of folate may mask a _______ deficiency.

Vitamin B12

Pernicious Anemia =

Vitamin B12 deficiency disorder

Appetite =

A psychological desire to eat

RDA for Vitamin B12

2.4 mcg/day for men and women

Xerophthalmia =

A sign of vitamin A deficiency

RDA for Folate

400 mcg/day for men and women

Leptin =

A hormone that influences food intake

The BMI would not be a good assessment tool for determining ______ mortality risk.

A muscular football player's

Hunger =

A physiological drive to eat