Nutrition Exam 4

A plant or plant part that is valued for its health promoting properties is known as a _______________?

Botanical

__________ supplement are dried preparations of flowers, leaves, roots, bark, or seeds.

Herbal

The most common cause of anemia is: a. blood loss b. low iron intake c. high intakes of iron absorption inhibitors d. rapid destruction of red blood cells

a. blood loss

In infants and children what organ is most severely affected by iodine deficiency? a. kidneys b. brain c. liver d. heart

b. brain

St. Johns wort may relieve which of the following symptoms? a. hypertension b. depression c. nausea d. cardiovascular dysfunction

b. depression

A deficiency in this nutrient may lead to dental caries a. iron b. fluoride c. manganese d. molybdenum

b. fluoride

Consuming very high doses of iron may result in which symptom? a. shortness of breath b. gastrointestinal distress c. kidney failure d. impaired immune function

b. gastrointestinal distress

The amount of which of the following ingredients would not be shown on the Supplement Facts Panel? a. vitamin E b. gelatin c. ginseng extract d. lutein

b. gelatin

Which of the following is NOT something that would make a food a functional food? a. prebiotics b. hormones c. added vitamins d. bacteria

b. hormones

Who might benefit from an iron supplement? a. women older that 50 years b. individuals with absorption issues c. male athletes d. individuals who do not consume dairy products

b. individuals with absorption issues

Of the following, the highest dietary source of iodine is: a. one large egg b. 1.5 ounces of cheddar cheese c. 3 ounces of canned tuna d. 3 ounces of bake cod

d. 3 ounces of bake cod

Peak bone mass occurs approximately at age: a. 25 b. 35 c. 20 d. 30

d. 30

Which of the following is NOT likely sign or symptom of an iodine deficiency in adults? a. cold intolerance b. weight gain c. low energy levels d. nervousness

d. nervousness

The upper level of toxicity for chromium is: a. 1,200 mcg b. 400 mcg c. 10 g d. not established

d. not established

Selenium plays a particularly important role in protecting us from: a. viral infections b. toxins c. bacterial infections d. oxidative damage

d. oxidative damage

Which source of iodine is the most abundant source in the American diet? a. fish b. iodized salt c. sea salt d. processed grains and milk products

d. processed grains and milk products

What type of claim can be used when emerging but limited evidence is available to support the relationship between a supplement ingredient and the reduced risk of a disease or condition? a. functional food claim b. structural/function claim c. health claim d. qualified health claim

d. qualified health claim

One trace mineral with antioxidant properties is: a. molybdenum b. fluoride c. iodine d. selenium

d. selenium

The medical condition that develops as a result of inadequate consumption of iodine is ___________.

goiter

What is a fundamental difference between dietary supplements and prescription drugs? a. Prescription drugs are not FDA regulated, whereas dietary supplements are tightly regulated by the FDA b. The FDA monitors the safety of both dietary supplements and prescription drugs but only regulates efficacy for prescriptions c. the manufacturers of prescription drugs are responsible for ensuring the safety of their product, whereas the FDA ensures the safety of dietary supplements d. Before they are sent to market, prescription drugs must undergo rigorous safety standards set by the FDA, whereas dietary supplement do not undergo the scrutiny

D. before they are sent to market, prescription drugs must undergo rigorous safety standards set by the FDA, whereas dietary supplements do not undergo the scrutiny

The iron containing protein found in the muscle is called __________.

Myoglobin

__________ minerals have a daily requirement of less than 100 milligrams

Trace

What is one new regulation proposed under the Food Safety Modernization Act? a. Safety must be proven through a history of documentation detailing dosage, frequency, and duration of use. b. FDA approval for health claims is not necessary under the new regulation c. The manufacturer needs to provide some evidence demonstrating that the supplement is reasonably expected to be safe d. Supplement manufacturers do not need to give notice to the FDA before marketing their supplements

a. Safety must be proven through a history of documentation detailing dosage, frequency, and duration of use

Health claims can be made when: a. a supplement is proven to reduce the risk of disease. b. the purity of a supplement is high c. a supplement may improve general well-being d. there is inconsistent evidence to support the role of a supplement in reducing the risk of a disease

a. a supplement is proven to reduce the risk of disease

When consuming sources of iron-containing foods such as beans, what may enhance the absorption of iron? a. consuming oranges or strawberries with the meal b. consuming soy proteins with the meal c. taking a calcium supplement with the meal d. consuming red wine or tea with the meal

a. consuming oranges or strawberries with the meal

Which claim would NOT be acceptable as a structure/functional claim? a. diets high in fiber will prevent colon cancer b. Vitamin C supports the immune system c. Vitamin D is important for maintaining bone health d. Antioxidants maintain cell integrity

a. diets high in fiber will prevent colon cancer

What is a consequence of iodine deficiency? a. enlarged thyroid gland b. overactive thyroid c. increased metabolic rate d. reduced antioxidant function

a. enlarged thyroid gland

Supplement manufactures must report which of the following to the FDA? a. illness, injury, or adverse reactions after taking the supplement b. purity of the supplement c. quality assurance and consistency of the supplement being marketed d. efficacy of the supplement

a. illness, injury, or adverse reactions after taking the supplement

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of zinc deficiency? a. increased risk of heart disease b. impaired immune function c. hair loss d. delayed sexual maturation

a. increased risk of heart disease

According to the World Health Organization, deficiency of which trace mineral is the most common nutritional disorder in the world? a. iron b. zinc c. iodine d. fluoride

a. iron

What mineral is necessary to transport oxygen? a. iron b. zinc c. selenium d. copper

a. iron

In normal circumstances, what stimulates the release of TSH? a. low levels of thyroid hormone b. high levels of iodine in blood c. low levels of iodine in blood d. increased need for iodine by the thyroid gland

a. low levels of thyroid hormone

The most common dietary supplement(s) used by Americans: a. are multivitamins and multimineral supplements b. is calcium c. are omega-3 fatty acids d. is vitamin D

a. multivitamins and multimineral supplements

Myoglobin is found in: a. muscles b. red blood cells c. the brain d. the liver

a. muscles

Why is a zinc deficiency often difficult to diagnose? a. symptoms of zinc deficiency mimic symptoms of other nutrient deficiencies b. excess copper in the diet can mask a zinc deficiency c. zinc stored in the body can mask insufficient intake of zinc through the diet d. the tests to identify are not always reliable

a. symptoms of zinc deficiency mimic symptoms of other nutrient deficiencies

Which of the following information for botanical ingredients will NOT be displayed in the Supplement Facts Panel? a. the country of the ingredients origin b. the part of the plant that is used c. the amount per serving d. standard name of the plant

a. the country of the ingredients origins

An individual who is vegan would most likely benefit from which dietary supplement? a. vitamin B12 b. folic acid c. multivitamin d. vitamin D

a. vitamin B12

Which is one of the MOST common dietary supplements consumed by Americans? a. vitamin D b. folic acid c. vitamin C d. vitamin A

a. vitamin D

Ingredients in dietary supplements with GRAS status: a. were in the food supply prior to implementation to DSHEA. b. have been evaluated for safety by recognized experts c. have been tested for safety by the FDA d. have been tested for safety by the manufacturer

a. were in the food supply prior to implementation to DSHEA

What law expanded the authority of the FDA to oversee new dietary ingredients? a. Generally Regarded as Safe Act b. Food Safety Modernization Act c. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act d. New Dietary Ingredients in Supplements Act

b. Food Safety Modernization Act

What is TRUE regarding the function of trace minerals in the diet? a. Trace minerals are not considered essential nutrients and therefore have limited function b. trace minerals act as co-factors c. all trace minerals are critical for DNA synthesis d. Trace minerals provide energy to the body

b. Trace mineral act as co-factors

Which of the following would contain the most heme iron? a. chicken breast b. beef steak c. chicke thigh d. pork chop

b. beef steak

Who might greatly benefit from a multivitamin supplement? a. breastfed infant b. individuals with limited food choices c. individuals who frequently donate blood d. individuals who have stomach and intestinal conditions

b. individuals with limited food choices

Which of the following is NOT a trace mineral? a. manganese b. magnesium c. iron d. fluoride

b. magnesium

Ginger may relieve which of the following symptoms? a. high blood glucose b. nausea and vomiting c. gas d. headache

b. nausea and vomiting

Which of the following is a function of heme iron in our body? a. thyroid hormone synthesis b. oxygen transport c. conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A d. all of the above

b. oxygen transport

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the: a. pancreas b. pituitary c. hypothalamus d. thyroid gland

b. pituitary

Foods that contain live cultures of beneficial bacteria are: a. antibiotics b. probiotics c. symbiotics d. prebiotics

b. probiotics

A friend is looking to increase iron in their diet. Considering bioavailability, which iron-rich source would you recommend they consume? a. prunes b. steak c. almonds d. quinoa

b. steak

Which of the following is commonly fortified with iodine in the United States? a. milk b. table salt c. processed grain products d. all of the above

b. table salt

Which governmental agency is responsible for the regulation of dietary supplements? a. the Environment Protection Agency b. the Food and Drug Administration c. the United States Department of Agriculture d. Health and Human Services

b. the Food and Drug Administration

Which factor determines if probiotics can effectively improves gut health? a. enhanced mineral absorption by the gut b. the availability of prebiotics foods such as grains, legumes, and vegetables c. the availability of supplement, including herbal supplements and botanicals in the diet d. the availability of phytochemicals in the diet to fight off bad bacteria

b. the availability of prebiotic foods such as grains, legumes, and vegetables

What is the most significant factor affecting the mineral content of plant foods? a. freshness of the product b. the mineral content of the soils they are grown in c. climate conditions during growth d. the type of plant

b. the mineral content of the soils they are grown in

New dietary ingredients in supplement are those that: a. are isolated phytochemicals b. were first used in supplements after enactment of DSHEA c. have been isolated and identified after enactment of DSHEA d. are not found naturally in foods

b. were first used in supplements after enactment of DSHEA

Which individual would likely benefit from consuming a dietary supplement? a. individuals who have an adequate dietary intake b. women who may become pregnant c. adults 35 years and older d. teenagers

b. women who may become pregnant

The RDA for iron among women aged 19 to 50 years is: a. 11 mg b. 45 mg c. 18 mg d. 8 mg

c. 18 mg

Approximately what percent of Americans take dietary supplements? a. 25% b. 33% c. 50% d.66%

c. 50%

The RDA for iodine for pregnant women is how much higher that it is for nonpregnant women? a. 75% b. 25% c. 50% d. 100%

c. 50%

How many trace minerals must be consumed in the diet for human life? a. 10 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9

c. 8

DASH stands for: a. Don't Apply Salt to prevent Hypertension b. Diets that Act to Stall Hypertension c. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension d. Diets with an Abundance of Salt lead to Hypertension

c. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

Which of the following best describes the term Generally Recognized as Safe(GRAS)? a. GRAS additives have been recognized to be safe for nonfood uses. b. GRAS additives have been subjected to years of research and their absolute safety ensured c. GRAS additive have been adequately shown by experts to be adequately safe to use. d. GRAS additives still require extensive evaluation by the FDA

c. GRAS additives have been adequately shown by experts to be adequately safe to use.

Where on the Supplement Facts Panel would you find information on binders, fillers, or flavors? a. Dietary Ingredients Without Daily Values b. Name and Amounts of Dietary Ingredients with Daily Values c. Ingredients Not Listed Above d. Serving Size

c. Ingredients Not Listed Above

Which is TRUE regarding dietary supplements? a. Substances added to supplements that are generally recognized as safe must pass FDA approval before marketed to consumers b. The FDA must approve the efficacy of supplements before they are made available to consumers c. Manufacturers of dietary supplements must ensure safety and efficacy of their product without FDA oversight d. Dietary supplements must be rigorously tested for safety before consumers can purchase these products

c. Manufacturers of dietary supplement must ensure safety and efficacy of their product without FDA oversight

On a supplement label, what information does NOT need to be included? a. contact information of the manufacturers b. information on the serving size of the supplement c. adverse effects of consuming the dietary supplement d. the ingredients list of non-dietary components found in the product

c. adverse effect of consuming the dietary supplement

Which of the following is NOT a dietary ingredient? a. zeaxanthin b. black pepper extract c. cellulose d. folate

c. cellulose

When choosing a multivitamin supplement, what should one do? a. Select products that have a short shelf life to ensure quality. b. choose multivitamins that exceed daily recommended values, since more is better c. Choose supplements carefully to avoid interactions with prescription or over-the-counter drugs d. Select one multivitamins for the entire family, including adults and children

c. choose supplements carefully to avoid interactions with prescription or over-the-counter drugs

A deficiency in the nutrient may lead to poor bone health a. fluoride b. iodine c. copper d. zinc

c. copper

Which of these foods have the highest amount of naturally occurring iodine? a. leaf lettuce b. beef c. fish d. milk

c. fish

Which of the following is NOT an essential mineral? a. manganese b. copper c. fluoride d. molybdenum

c. fluoride

Among the trace minerals, which mineral is found in the highest concentrations in the body? a. fluoride b. copper c. iron d. zinc

c. iron

Iron stored in the body is regulated by controlling: a. its excretion in bile b. its excretion in urine c. its absorption d. its loss in sweat

c. its absorption

What information would be found on a Supplement Facts Panel? a. the safety and efficacy data of the supplement b. the quantity of the package contents c. list of dietary ingredients d. directions on how to take the supplement

c. list of dietary ingredients

What information would NOT be found on a Supplement Facts Panel? a. serving size b. health or structure/functional claim c. manufacturer information d. ingredients

c. manufacturer information

On the supplemental facts label, supplements that contain plant materials: a. must be provided at the top of the panel b. must be listed first c. must indicate the part of the plant that is used d. must include a percent daily value reference

c. must indicate the part of the plant that is used

What recommendation is made for pregnant women to ensure they consume adequate iodine? a. consume processed foods b. take a prenatal vitamin c. take an iodine supplement d. consume sea salt

c. take an iodine supplement

Which is NOT a typical property of trace minerals? a. Trace minerals are mainly absorbed in the small intestine b. Trace minerals are commonly found in plant or animal foods c. Trace minerals freely circulate in the lymphatics system d. Many trace minerals are co-factors for enzymes

c. trace minerals freely circulate in the lymphatic system

Which of the following choices CORRECTLY matches an individual's circumstances with the recommended supplements? a. breastfed infants-folic acid b. women who may become pregnant- iron c. vegans- vitamin B12 d. those with dark skin- calcium

c. vegans- vitamin B12

Which is NOT an example of a dietary supplement? a. botanicals b. enzymes c. whole foods d. vitamins

c. whole foods

The food with the highest dietary source of selenium is: a. one kiwi b. half a cup of cooked asparagus c. 1.5 ounces of parmesan cheese d. 3 ounces of pork tender loin

d. 3 ounces of pork tender loin

Which statement best describes the term dietary supplement? a. A dietary supplement is a whole food b. A dietary supplement must contain more then one nutritional ingredient c.. A dietary supplement is a nutrient-containing substance that is a substitute for food in the diet d. A dietary supplement is a food or substance that supplements the diet and contains one or more dietary ingredients

d. A dietary supplement is a food or substance that supplements the diet and contains one or more dietary ingredients

Frequent consumption of this food may lead to selenium toxicity a. pork b. shellfish c. fortified grains d. Brazil nuts

d. Brazil nuts

Which nutrient would NOT be considered a phytonutrient? a. lycopene b. plant sterols c. anthocyanins d. calcium

d. calcium

Which mineral's designation as an essential nutrient is somewhat in doubt? a. manganese b. molybdenum c. fluoride d. chromium

d. chromium

Which is TRUE regarding trace minerals? a. Trace minerals deficiencies are easy to diagnose b. the body requires the presence of high concentrations trace minerals in the diet c. dietary sources of trace minerals are often the cause of trace mineral toxicity d. Compared with macronutrients, the safe range of intake is narrow for trace minerals

d. compared with macronutrients, the safe range of intake is narrow for trace minerals

Which factor could lead to zinc deficiency? a. consuming calcium supplements and zinc supplements at the same time b. increased gastric acid production in the stomach c. consuming high amount of foods including meats, poultry, and seafood d. excessively consuming foods or supplements that contain copper

d. excessively consuming foods or supplements that contain copper

For which of the following situations is the use of a multivitamin or multimineral supplement NOT justified by scientific evidence of a beneficial effect? a. women who are pregnant with twins b. individuals who are on restricted diets c. individuals who are alcohol-dependent drinkers d. healthy adults

d. healthy adults

Which symptom might indicate zinc toxicity? a. dizziness b. anemia c. kidney failure d. impaired immune function

d. impaired immune function

A deficiency of what mineral during pregnancy can result in severe mental retardation in the infant? a. zinc b. iron c. selenium d. iodine

d. iodine

Your friend consumes a diet that is rich in meat, fish, legumes, nuts, and enriched grains. He would be least likely to develop which nutritional deficiency? a. fluoride b. selenium c. copper d. iron

d. iron

Toxicities are far more common than deficiencies of which mineral? a. selenium b. chromium c. molybdenum d. manganese

d. manganese

Which of the following is NOT true of botanical supplements? a. they may contain naturally occurring toxins b. they may worsen some medical conditions c. they can cause dangerous interactions with prescription drugs d. natural botanical supplements are nothing like prescription drugs

d. natural botanical supplements are nothing like prescription drugs

Which of the following is a botanical ingredient contained in a product labeled as a "Tomato Lycopene" supplement? a. natural beta-carotene b. lycopene c. sunflower lecithin d. natural tomato extract

d. natural tomato extract

Which of the following is NOT a function of trace minerals? a. transport b. co-factor c. structural d. nerve impulse transmission

d. nerve impulse transmission

An individual who suffers from constipation may benefit from taking which botanical supplement? a. fenugreek b. St. John's wort c. black cohosh d. senna

d. senna

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about dietary supplements? a. the FDA does not evaluate their ability to provide the claimed benefits b. the FDA must prove a product is unsafe to stop is sale c. the FDA does not verify tat supplements are safe prior to their sale. d. the FDA approves new dietary ingredients in supplements before they are sold.

d. the FDA approves new dietary ingredients in supplements before they are sold.

Iodine is an essential component of what hormone? a. insulin b. thyroid-stimulating hormone c. epinephrine d. thyroid hormone

d. thyroid hormone

Why might a vegan require dietary supplementation? a. vegans consume few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. b. vegans do not absorb nutrients as well as nonvegans c. vegans have a limited food intake d. vegans do not consume animal products such as dairy and meat

d. vegans do not consume animal products such as dairy and meat

A breastfed infant should be given which dietary supplement? a. folic acid b. iron c. zinc d. vitamin D

d. vitamin D

The iron containing protein found in red blood cells is called ____________.

hemoglobin

____________ minerals have a daily requirement of less than 100 milligrams

trace