Nutrition Exam Ch 9-14

Other foods included on the DASH eating plan include whole grain products, fish, poultry, nuts, and seeds. The DASH eating pattern is low in red meat, sweets, added sugars, and sugar-sweetened beverages. How many servings of red meat (beef, lamb, pork, or veal) did Christian consume?

0

________ is the primary anion found in extracellular fluid.

Chloride

Which of the following is a component of lecithin, an emulsifier found in egg yolks?

Choline

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of cystic fibrosis? -Chronic cough with significant mucus accumulation -Abdominal pain, bloating, and gassiness -Foul-smelling feces that contain mucus

all are correct

_____ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

antioxidants

A common role of B vitamins is that they ________.

are important in energy metabolism as part of coenzymes

Exposing milk to light can reduce its ________ content.

riboflavin

Five-year-old Javiette has been experiencing poor cognitive function over the past several weeks. Her pediatrician ordered a blood test which indicated Javiette's ferritin levels were low. Her transferrin receptor levels are elevated, but not significantly. Based on this information, Javiette is in ________ of iron depletion.

stage 2

Choline is an example of a ________.

vitamin like substance

Which of the following is an example of a potential carcinogen?

Alcohol

Santiago has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine. His healthcare provider may recommend ________ supplements to help Santiago's body metabolize homocysteine. -vitamin B-6 -folate -vitamin B-12

All of these choices are correct.

Soil is a primary source of minerals. As such, optimizing the mineral content of soil can ultimately be beneficial to an individual consuming plant and/or animal foods grown or produced in a certain area. Which of the following is a recommendation for optimizing the nutrient content of soil through sustainable farming practices?

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following minerals enhances the action of insulin?

Chromium

Which of the following food items contains the most biotin per serving?

Egg

Which of the following statements is true?

People can survive for years by consuming supplements that provide all known vitamins.

Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________.

Phosphorus and Calcium

Sodium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.

energy metabolism

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate ________ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

folate

Magnesium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.

formation of red blood cells

Sulfur is a component of all of the following EXCEPT ________.

the amino acids tryptophan and valine

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

Trace mineral

Adequate calcium intake helps to promote bone health and healthy blood pressure. On average, one cup (8 fluid ounces) of milk provides approximately 300 milligrams of calcium. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the column for calcium (Calc). Christian's calcium intake on this day provides the same amount of calcium as approximately how many cups of milk?

5

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins are involved in growth and development?

A + D

Aldosterone ________

signals the kidneys to conserve sodium

Phosphorus is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.

transmission of nerve impulses

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium.

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

The body absorbs and uses ________ for synthesizing thyroid hormone.

iodide

Approximately ________ percent of the average adult male's body weight is water.

60

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

Molybdenum

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

Peach

As of 2020, approximately ________ of the American population had access to drinking water containing optimal levels of fluoride.

75%

Which of the following vitamins is most important for energy metabolism?

Pantothenic Acid

Which of the following minerals accumulates in abnormal deposits called Kayser-Fleischer rings?

Copper

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Niacin

Potassium-rich dietary patterns, such as the DASH diet, may lower blood pressure, reduce one's risk of developing kidney stones, and possibly decrease bone loss. For a 2100-kcal meal plan, the DASH diet is designed to provide at least 4700 milligrams of potassium per day. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the column for potassium (Potas). On this day, Christian consumed approximately ______ of potassium.

5100 milligrams

The research behind the DASH diet suggests that an optimal macronutrient distribution is 27% of total calories from total fat, 18% of total calories from protein, and 55% of total calories from carbohydrate. Using the information about total Calories (Cals), total fat (Fat), protein (Prot), and carbohydrates (Carbs) on the Spreadsheet Report, calculate Christian's macronutrient distribution. Which statement about Christian's macronutrient intake on this day is correct?

All of the statements are correct.

Which of the following is not considered a key function of zinc?

Bone health

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends limiting saturated fat intake to less than 10% of total calories. This is a general guideline for all Americans, starting at 2 years of age. For individuals at risk for heart disease, however, the American Heart Association suggests an even lower limit of 5% to 6% of total calories from saturated fat. On this day, Christian's saturated fat intake contributed about 7% of total calories. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the column for saturated fat (Fat-S). If Christian wanted to comply with the more stringent recommendation of the American Heart Association, which of the following would be a heart-healthy strategy for Christian to decrease his saturated fat intake?

Choose fresh watermelon instead of ice cream after dinner.

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole grains, fish, poultry, beans, seeds, and nuts. It is low in salt and sodium, added sugars and sweets, fat, and red meats. For a 2100-kcal meal plan, the DASH diet is designed to have 30 grams of fiber or more per day. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the column for fiber (Fiber). How does Christian's dietary fiber intake on this day compare to the DASH diet recommendation?

Christian consumed approximately 40 grams of dietary fiber, which is 10 grams more fiber than the DASH recommendation.

Research shows that dietary patterns, including the DASH diet, providing less than 2300 milligrams of sodium per day promote lower blood pressure levels. Dietary patterns that limit sodium intake to 1500 milligrams per day are even more effective for lowering blood pressure, especially for middle-aged and older adults, African Americans, and those living with high blood pressure. Christian is at an increased risk for high blood pressure because he is over 40 years of age. On the Spreadsheet Report, find the column for sodium (Sod). How does Christian's dietary intake of sodium on this day compare to the 1500-milligram recommended limit?

Christian consumed less than 1500 milligrams of sodium

The greatest source of sodium in the typical American dietary pattern is not from the salt shaker. Rather, Americans consume more sodium from packaged, highly processed, and fast foods. Sodium is also found in less obvious places, like breads. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the column for sodium (Sod). Of the following grain products, which was Christian's highest source of sodium?

English muffin

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

Fatty fish and fish oils

Which of the following vitamins is most important for red blood cell formation?

Folate

Which of the following foods is the best source of preformed vitamin A?

Liver

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced severe facial flushing as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take?

Niacin

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a role in protein synthesis, normal muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and healthy blood pressure. For a 2100-kcal dietary pattern, the DASH diet is designed to provide 500 milligrams of magnesium per day. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the column for magnesium (Magn). Which one food provided the most magnesium per given serving in Christian's dietary pattern this day?

Spinach

The DASH diet is rich in fruits and vegetables. Because fruits and vegetables are naturally high in potassium and low in sodium, they work to help lower blood pressure. On the Spreadsheet Report, locate the column for potassium (Potas). Put the fruits and vegetables from Christian's 1-day dietary intake in order of potassium content, from highest to lowest per given serving.

Spinach, zucchini, peaches, tangerines

Jade is concerned about her risk of Kashin-Beck disease. To help reduce her risk of this condition, Jade should ________.

consume more selenium-rich foods

Scientists are uncertain whether ________ is an essential mineral for humans.

silicon