NUTRITION: FCS-019-205 (FINAL) EXAM ANSWERS

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of _____________ .

the placebo effect.

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

thiamin

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

thyroid

About 95 percent of lipids in foods and in the human body are:

triglycerides

People with central-body obesity, or visceral fat, are more likely to develop _____ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

type 2 diabetes

A ____ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein.

virus

The proper way to wash hands when handling foods is to:

wash hands with soap and warm water for 20 seconds.

Which of the following helps lessens one's risk for type 2 diabetes?

weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle

The DRI for protein for healthy adults is _____ grams per kilogram of body weight.

0.8

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of:

165 ºF

According to the American Heart Association, the maximum amount of added sugar a female should have in one day is?

25 grams or 6 teaspoons

A pregnancy weight gain of _____ pounds is recommended for women who are at their appropriate weights.

25-35

One pound of body fat is equal to _____ calories.

3500

How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?

9

Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

??

By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except:

A non-essential nutrient.

_____ are poisonous substances produced by certain molds that can cause liver damage and death.

Aflatoxins

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) causes abdominal pain and discomfort is associated with:

All of the answers

On the new food label (effective 1/1/2020), what are some of the differences one will see?

Amount of added sugars will be shown.

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas?

Antibodies

What does Selenium act as?

Antioxidant agent

Which of the following vitamins is important for a vegetarian to make sure they get?

B-12

Which of the following statements is true?

Before taking a dietary supplement, people should determine whether the product is necessary and safe.

Which major mineral is present in the bones, but also in the muscles, needed for growth and development, and blood clotting?

Calcium

_____ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed.

Carbon Skeleton

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

According to the MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is NOT grouped with Protein?

Cheese

The food that is digested when it leaves the stomach it is a semisolid liquid called:

Chyme

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?

Controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine

Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in:

Dairy foods

After an earthquake, Marie's house was damaged and experienced a power outage that lasted three days. Which of the following steps should she take to avoid food-borne illness during the loss of electricity?

Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours

Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit.

Empty calorie allowance

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ____ study.

Epidemiological

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

Consuming large amounts of trans-fatty acid lowers LDL cholesterol and thus lowers the risk of heart disease and heart attack.

False

Fiber is an essential nutrient

False

For the typical active person, basal metabolism accounts for 10-20% of the body's total energy use.

False

None of these

False

The thermic effect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure.

False

Type 1 Diabetes is most often controlled by successful weight-loss management.

False

Which of the following statements is true?

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.

Which of the following is not one of the ways fats are useful in foods?

Fats provide a low-calorie source of energy compared to carbohydrates.

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ___________ .

Federal Trade Commission

Which of the following stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?

Fluoride

Green leafy vegetables is a rich sources of:

Folate

Which of the following U.S. government agencies enforces federal food safety laws?

Food and Drug Administration.

Which of the following statements about fruits and vegetables is false?

Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit.

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

All of the following are major minerals except:

Iron

Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency disorder is ______ deficiency.

Iron

Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles?

Journal of the American Medical Association

Very little digestive takes place here, but there is re-absorption of water and minerals in the:

Large Intestine

Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Liver

1% of the calcium in the body is used to:

Maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits.

What is the oxygen carrying protein of muscle cells?

Myoglobin

Which of the following foods is exempt from listing ingredients on the label?

None of these

____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States.

Norovirus

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?

Oils

A body mass index of 25.0 - 29.9 in an adult indicates:

Overweight

The _____ produces a juice containing enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients.

Pancreas

Muscles of the GI tract propels food and liquid through. This is called:

Peristalas

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet web site.

Which of the following is NOT a function of protein?

Primary fuel for the brain

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

RD

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?

Raw chicken

What is the best source of Heme Iron?

Red Meats

The disease caused by a Vitamin C deficiency is known as __________.

Scurvy

Which of the following is the richest source of iodine?

Seafood

All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except:

Starvation

Which of the following statements is true?

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.

Which of the following statements is true?

The human body normally uses very little protein for energy.

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?

They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat.

Which of the following statements about trans fatty acids are true?

They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated.

What is the major role of the villi?

To increase the absorptive surface area of the intestine

Foods rich in soluble fiber may lower blood cholesterol.

True

Potassium, sodium and chloride ions are involved in fluid balance.

True

Pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness.

True

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water?

Underwater weighing

What is the name of the projections on the inner surface of the small intestine?

Villi

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins K, E, and D

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

Waist circumference of 43 inches

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following statements is false?

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(an)

anecdote

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

antioxidant

Proteins:

are comprised of amino acids.

Pathogens:

are disease-causing microbes.

According to the DSM-5, the three main types of eating disorders are:

binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa.

Characteristics of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except:

blood insulin levels that rise too high.

Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?

carries the water soluble nutrients

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce:

colostrum

The best way to increase consumption of omega 3 fatty acids is to:

consume two fish meals per week

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid

consuming foods that contain gluten.

High quality protein:

contains all essential amino acids

The dietary monosaccharides include:

fructose, glucose, and galactose

Which of the following in not a desirable blood lipid value?

high LDL

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the:

highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.

Chemical messengers in the body are:

hormones

According to scientific research involving animals, consuming a nutritious diet that is low in calories may:

increase life expectancy.

All of the following statements concerning cholesterol are true except:

it is an essential nutrient

The primary site for metabolizing alcohol is in the:

liver

Major nutrition-related concerns of adolescents include _____ intakes.

low iron

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?

nitrogen

The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

placenta

Homocysteine is a(n)

possible marker for cardiovascular disease.

To improve their children's eating habits, caregivers should:

prepare and eat meals more meals together as a family.

Which of the following is not an example of fiber?

residue of milk

Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

secretion of intrinsic factor

Compared to preschoolers, adolescents tend to

skip breakfast.

Soluble fiber is important for (except):

speeds stomach emptying